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[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license
is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
[[!meta title="UNIX"]]
*UNIX* is a [[kernel]] implementation developed in Bell Labs, starting in the 1970's, by a group of programmers including Dennis Ritchie & Ken Thompson.
# Concepts
* [[file_descriptor]]
* [[process]]
* [[signal]]
* [[system_call]]
# External
* Wikipedia page about [[!wikipedia UNIX]].
* [*Standardizing
UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
article by David Chisnall.
* The first in the series, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_1}} introduces the concepts
of [[file_descriptor]]s and the single, hierarchical [[namespace]].
Next, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_2}} discusses issues with *conflated designs*
such as the `mount` command (a problem we have partly solved / solved
differently with our [[hurd/translator]] approach and the
[[hurd/virtual_file_system]]), and the plethora of flags that can be passed
to the `open` [[system_call]].
In {{$2010_brown_ghosts_3}}, he deals with *unfixable designs*, such as
UNIX [[signal]]s and the *UNIX permission model* (which is
clearly inferior to a [[capability]]-based system).
* [*UNIX File Permissions*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2004/perms.html)
(2004) by Richard Kettlewell. ([[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]<!--
TODO: split out UNIX permission stuff into unix/file_permissions or
something. -->)
[[!ymlfront data="""
djb_self-pipe:
D. J. Bernstein's [*self-pipe trick*](http://cr.yp.to/docs/selfpipe.html)
rjk_fork:
Richard Kettlewell's suggestions about [*how fork(2) ought to
be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html)
2010_brown_ghosts_1:
"Neil Brown's 2010-10-27 article [*Ghosts of Unix Past: a historical search
for design patterns*](http://lwn.net/Articles/411845/)"
2010_brown_ghosts_2:
"Neil Brown's 2010-11-04 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 2: Conflated
designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/412131/)"
2010_brown_ghosts_3:
"Neil Brown's 2010-11-16 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 3: Unfixable
designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/414618/)"
"""]]
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