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[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license
is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
On [[Unix]] systems, `fork` is a rather simple [[system call]].
Our implementation in [[glibc]] is and needs to be rather bulky.
For example, it has to duplicate all port rights for the new [[Mach
task|microkernel/mach/task]]. The address space can simply be duplicated by
standard means of the [[microkernel/Mach]], but as [[unix/file_descriptor]]s
(for example) are a concept that is implemented inside [[glibc]] (based on
[[Mach port|microkernel/mach/port]]s), these have to be duplicated from
userspace, which requires a small number of [[RPC]]s for each of them, and in
the sum, [[this affects performance|open_issues/performance/fork]] when new
processes are continuously being spawned from the shell, for example.
Often, a `fork` call will eventually be followed by an `exec`, which [[may in
turn close|open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling]] (most of) the
duplicated port rights. Unfortunately, this cannot be known at the time the
`fork` executing, so in order to optimize this, the code calling `fork` has to
be modified instead, and the `fork`, `exec` combo be replaced by a
`posix_spawn` call, for example, to avoid this work of duplicating each port
right, then closing each again.
As far as we know, Cygwin has the same problem of `fork` being a nontrivial
operation. Perhaps we can learn from what they're been doing? Also, perhaps
they have patches for software packages, to avoid using `fork` followed by
`exec`, for example.
# TODO
* [[fork: mach_port_mod_refs:
EKERN_UREFS_OWERFLOW|open_issues/fork_mach_port_mod_refs_ekern_urefs_owerflow]]
([[!taglink open_issue_glibc]]).
* Include de-duplicate information from elsewhere: [[hurd-paper]],
[[hurd-talk]], [[hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork]],
[[open_issues/resource_management_problems/zalloc_panics]] ([[!taglink
open_issue_glibc open_issue_documentation]]).
* We no longer support `MACH_IPC_COMPAT`, thus we can get rid of the `err =
__mach_port_allocate_name ([...]); if (err == KERN_NAME_EXISTS)` code
([[!taglink open_issue_glibc]]).
## Related
* [[open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling]].
# External
* {{$unix#djb_self-pipe}}.
* {{$unix#rjk_fork}}.
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