diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'hurd')
| -rw-r--r-- | hurd/documentation.mdwn | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn | 42 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn (renamed from hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn) | 30 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn | 48 |
4 files changed, 112 insertions, 10 deletions
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn index 4d431b0b..83fb9f0a 100644 --- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn +++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] + * [[FAQ]] * <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html> diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b125fc48 --- /dev/null +++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free +Software Foundation, Inc."]] + +[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled +[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +[[meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]] + +The Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the [[Unix]] kernel. + +The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different +components may interact. The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual +[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more +[[extensible|extensibility]] system. These include interface definitions to +manipulate files and directories and to resolve path names. This allows any +process to implement a file system. The only requirement is that it have +access to its backing store and that the [[principal]] that started it own the +file system node to which it connects. + +The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols. +They include file systems, network protocols and authentication. +The servers run on top of the [[microkernel/Mach]] [[microkernel]] and use +Mach's [[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information. + +The Hurd supplies the last major software component needed for a complete +[[GNU_operating_system|running/gnu]] as originally conceived by Richard +M. Stallman (RMS) in 1983. The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has +guided the evolution of the [Free Software Foundation](http://fsf.org/), the +organization that is the home of the [GNU project](http://gnu.org/gnu/). + +The Hurd development effort is a somewhat separate project from the +[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] port. + + +Read about what the GNU Hurd is [[gramatically_speaking]]. + +Read about the [[origin_of_the_name]]. diff --git a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn index 7aa3edac..d5322693 100644 --- a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn +++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn @@ -9,19 +9,25 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -[[meta title="Grammatically speaking, what is the Hurd?"]] +[[meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]] -*Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*. *Hird*, in -turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*. +> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*. +> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*. -We treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an -article, as in *the Hurd*. For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by -the Hurd, not by Mach.* Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*, -*HURD*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*. +The Hurd has its share of linguistic debate. The subject of proper usage comes +up quite often. -We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the Hurd* when we want to emphasize that -the Hurd is a GNU package. Once this has been made clear, we usually use the -shorter form, without *GNU*. +Although [[Thomas_Bushnell_states|origin_of_the_name]] that the word *Hurd* is +an acronym; we do not treat it as such, but rather as a concrete noun. We +treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an article, +as in *the Hurd*. For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by the Hurd, +not by Mach.* Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*, *HURD*, +*H.U.R.D.*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*. + +Since the Hurd is part of the GNU Project, we also refer to it as *GNU Hurd* +which is treated as a proper noun. We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the +Hurd* when we want to emphasize that the Hurd is a GNU package. Once this has +been made clear, we usually use the shorter form, without *GNU*. The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system servers, but also many more programs. This system is called *GNU*, or *the GNU @@ -40,3 +46,7 @@ singular, capitalized as in English. When we are referring to the microkernel, we say *Mach* and use it as a proper noun. For example: *Mach uses the device drivers found in version 2.0.x of Linux.* We sometimes say *the Mach microkernel* instead of just *Mach*. + + +To pronounce the word *Hurd*, you should say the English word *herd*. This is +pronounced as *hɚd* using the International Phonetic Alphabet. diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..677f100d --- /dev/null +++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008 +Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] + +[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled +[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +[[meta title="Origin of the Name"]] + +<!-- TODO. Source? --> + +According to Thomas Bushnell, the primary architect of the Hurd: + +> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*. +> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*. + +> We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a pair of +> mutually recursive acronyms. + +[Quoting](http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2002-10/msg00099.html) +him further: + +> The name *Hurd* was invented by me, as an alternate spelling for the English +> word *herd*. *Hird* is just another alternate spelling for the same word. +> By the [[normal_rules_of_English_orthography|gramatically_speaking]], they +> all have the same pronunciations. + + +--- + +<!-- TODO. Source? Or remove? --> + +In other contexts: + +One contributor from Norway described two other uses of Hird. + + * "the kings men", a name given to the men accompanying the Norwegian kings at about + year 1000 and on. + + This was later coined by V. Quisling when he formed a party with + nationalistic traits to denote a set of helpers promoting his agenda of + national and Nordic ideas. + + * a symbol of collaboration with the (German) enemy used in World War II. |