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authorJustus Winter <justus@gnupg.org>2016-11-07 00:46:26 +0100
committerJustus Winter <justus@gnupg.org>2016-11-07 00:46:26 +0100
commitf4cef8f2cd3c61e50c72bdc770c8d4f4a6c20563 (patch)
treeb7ce92f21f63f7d514573a250a04149437e968c5 /hurd
parentc97ee062c33ec8cbd90d6e98ee68c68e75697d69 (diff)
Update the subhurd howto.
Diffstat (limited to 'hurd')
-rw-r--r--hurd/subhurd.mdwn68
1 files changed, 29 insertions, 39 deletions
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index e50ea0d5..13756339 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ attach to them with gdb from the parent
when the instance of gdb stops the server but requires its use. (Note: it is
possible to use [[debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging]], but this is less
flexible.) Vice versa, it is also possible to use a subhurd to debug the
-*main* Hurd system, for example, the latter's root file system.
+*main* Hurd system, for example, the latter's root file system, but that
+requires a privileged subhurd.
[[!toc levels=2]]
@@ -60,53 +61,40 @@ run the `native-install` step from a chroot or already in a subhurd.)
## Booting
-To boot the subhurd, you need a boot script. For historical reasons, usually
-`/boot/servers.boot` is used. (Originally, this was also used to boot the main
-Hurd, using "serverboot". Nowadays, this isn't used for the main boot anymore,
-as GRUB can directly load all the necessary modules.)
+If you are using a recent version of the Hurd (>= 0.9), then you can
+simply boot the subhurd as an unprivileged user by issuing
-However, the canonical `/boot/servers.boot` file is no longer distributed with
-[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]]. Here is a slightly adopted version:
-
- # Boot script file for booting GNU Hurd. Each line specifies a file to be
- # loaded by the boot loader (the first word), and actions to be done with it.
-
- # First, the bootstrap filesystem. It needs several ports as arguments,
- # as well as the user flags from the boot loader.
- /hurd/ext2fs.static --bootflags=${boot-args} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -Tdevice ${root-device} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-
- # Now the exec server; to load the dynamically-linked exec server program,
- # we have the boot loader in fact load and run ld.so, which in turn
- # loads and runs /hurd/exec. This task is created, and its task port saved
- # in ${exec-task} to be passed to the fs above, but it is left suspended;
- # the fs will resume the exec task once it is ready.
- /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
- ## default pager
- #/dev/sd0b $(add-paging-file)
-
-/!\ It's very important not to introduce spurious line breaks, so be very
-careful when copying! All the options following `ext2fs.static` have to be on
-a single line.
-
-Now actually booting the subhurd is a simple matter of issuing (as root):
-
- boot servers.boot /dev/hd0s6
+ boot /dev/hd0s6
(Replace `hd0s6` by the name of your partition for the subhurd.)
/!\ The partition must be unmounted (or mounted read-only) before you boot from
it!
-(In theory it shouldn't be neccessary to run the subhurd as user `root`, but in
-practice [that doesn't work at the
-moment](http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?17341).)
+## Networking
You can provide the subhurd with a network card by passing a `-f` option to
`boot`. For instance, if you have a second network card `/dev/eth1` in your
host hurd, pass `-f eth0=/dev/eth1` to make it appear as device eth0 in the
subhurd.
+If you don't have a second network card, you can setup the eth-multiplexer
+to share one network card. To do so, install the multiplexer
+
+ settrans /dev/eth0m /hurd/eth-multiplexer --interface=/dev/eth0
+
+Then configure your main Hurd system to use a virtual network
+interface (e.g. `/dev/eth0m/0`) instead. On Debian/Hurd, this can be
+accomplished using
+
+ ifdown /dev/eth0
+ sed -i -e s#/dev/eth0#/dev/eth0m/0# /etc/network/interfaces
+ ifup /dev/eth0m/0
+
+You can now pass `-f eth0=/dev/eth0m/1` to `boot`.
+
+## Booting and shutting down
+
Now the subhurd should boot just like a normal Hurd started directly from GRUB,
finally presenting a login prompt. The `boot` program serves as proxy for the
subhurd, so you can control it from the terminal where you issued the boot
@@ -114,9 +102,9 @@ command.
To exit the subhurd, issue `halt` or `reboot`. This should exit it cleanly,
but for some reason it doesn't always work; sometimes it will output various
-errors and then hang. If that happens, you need to kill the subhurd processes
-manually from a different terminal.
-
+errors and then hang. If that happens, you need to kill the `boot` process
+manually from a different terminal. If the `boot` process dies, the
+proc server will kill all tasks belonging to the Subhurd.
## Using
@@ -132,7 +120,7 @@ If you want to access the subhurd processes from the outside, e.g. for
[[debugging_purposes|debugging/subhurd]] (or to get rid of a subhurd that
didn't exit cleanly...), you need to find out how main Hurd [[PID]]s correspond to
subhurd processes: the subhurd processes appear in the main Hurd (e.g. if doing
-`ps -e`) as unknown processes, and vice versa, but the [[PID]]s are different! To
+`ps -e`) as unknown processes, but the [[PID]]s are different! To
find out which process is which, you can simply compare the order -- while the
numbers are different, the order should usually match. Often it also helps to
look at the number of threads (e.g. using `ps -l`), as many servers have very
@@ -510,6 +498,8 @@ Roland's tutorial about [[running_a_subhurd]].
<a name="debugging_main_hurd_system"></a>
## Debugging the *Main* Hurd System
+Note: This only works with privileged subhurds.
+
A subhurd can be used for debugging the *main* Hurd system. This works as long
as the subhurd doesn't use any services provided by the main Hurd. For
example, if you already have a subhurd running at the time it happens, you can