Merge branch 'master' into external_pager_mechanism

Conflicts:
	microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn

32 files changed, 827 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29b93731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_exec"]]
+
+    routine file_exec (
+    	exec_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	exec_task: task_t;
+    	flags: int;
+    	argv: data_t SCP;
+    	envp: data_t SCP;
+    	fdarray: portarray_t SCP;
+    	portarray: portarray_t SCP;
+    	intarray: intarray_t SCP;
+    	deallocnames: mach_port_name_array_t SCP;
+    	destroynames: mach_port_name_array_t SCP);
+
+Overlay a task with a file.  Necessary initialization, including authentication
+changes associated with set[ug]id execution must be handled by the filesystem.
+Filesystems normally implement this by using [[`exec_newtask`|exec_newtask]] or
+[[`exec_loadtask`|exec_loadtask]] as appropriate.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b9c7a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chown"]]
+
+    routine file_chown (
+    	chown_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_owner: uid_t;
+    	new_group: gid_t);
+
+Change owner and/or group.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3158d2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chauthor"]]
+
+    routine file_chauthor (
+    	chauth_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_author: uid_t);
+
+    Whan that Aprill with hith thoureth thoote
+    The droghte of March hath perthed to the roote,
+    And bathed every veyne in thwith licour,
+    Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
+    Whan Zephiruth eek with hith thweete breeth
+    Inthpired hath in every holt and heeth
+    The tender croppeth, and the yonge thonne
+    Hath in the Ram his halve courth yronne,
+    And thmale foweleth maken melodye,
+    That thlepen all the nyght with open ye
+    (Tho Priketh hem Nature in hir corageth),
+    Thanne longen folk to goon on pligrimageth,
+    And palmereth for to theken thtraunge thtrondeth,
+    To ferne halweth, kowthe in thondry londeth:
+    And thpethially, from every thireth ende
+    Of Engelond to Cantebury they wende,
+    The hooly blithful martyr for to theke,
+    That hem hath holpen whan that they were theeke.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d697ec90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chmod"]]
+
+    routine file_chmod (
+    	chmod_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_mode: mode_t);
+
+Change mode bits.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0386eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chflags"]]
+
+    routine file_chflags (
+    	chflags_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_flags: int);
+
+Change file flags.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..184e2ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_utimes"]]
+
+    routine file_utimes (
+    	utimes_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_atime: time_value_t;
+    	new_mtime: time_value_t);
+
+Change access and modify times.
+
+If the microseconds value is -1 (all bits on) then the time should be set to
+the current time and the remainder of the `time_value_t` ignored.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..393f1a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_set_size"]]
+
+    routine file_set_size (
+    	trunc_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_size: loff_t);
+
+Change the size of the file.  If the size increases, new blocks are
+zero-filled.  After successful return, it is safe to reference mapped areas of
+the file up to `new_size`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6408763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_lock"]]
+
+    routine file_lock (
+    	lock_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	flags: int);
+
+Apply/manipulate advisory lock.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbb3d53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_lock_stat"]]
+
+    routine file_lock_stat (
+    	lock_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out mystatus: int;
+    	out otherstatus: int);
+
+Return current lock status.  `mystatus` tells what kind of lock the caller has;
+`otherstatus` tells what kind of lock anyone has (including the caller).
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02c778c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_check_access"]]
+
+    routine file_check_access (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out allowed: int);
+
+Find out what kind of access this file permits the current user (regardless of
+the current open modes for this port).  `allowed` is a bitwise *or* of
+`O_READ`, `O_WRITE`, and `O_EXEC`.  This is not necessarily the same as what an
+`open` or `exec` would allow; `O_EXEC` is set for *root* even if no executable
+bits are on (in which case [[`file_exec`|file_exec]] should fail) and `O_WRITE`
+is set a directory can be modified, even though it can't be written directly.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56ce204f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_notice_changes"]]
+
+    routine file_notice_changes (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	port: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Notice changes to file `file`.  Send notification messages (see
+[[`fs_notify.defs`|fs_notify]]) to `port` as they occur.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94aa4ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_getcontrol"]]
+
+    routine file_getcontrol (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out control: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return control port for this filesystem.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b69b591b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_statfs"]]
+
+    routine file_statfs (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out info: fsys_statfsbuf_t);
+
+Return filesystem status.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e06e0c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_sync"]]
+
+    routine file_sync (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	wait: int;
+    	omit_metadata: int);
+
+Sync the individual file.  If `omit_metadata` is set, then it is only necessary
+for the server to updated the actual contents of the file, not any associated
+metadata.
+
+# Implementation Examples
+
+Servers that either don't keep any unsynchronized state (or don't have a
+backing store at all) can simply `return 0`.  Examples: [[translator/nfs]].
+
+## [[libtrivfs]]
+
+Pass the call through to the underlying node.
+
+### [[storeio]] / [[streamio]]
+
+Instead of to the underlying node, pass the call through to the backend
+(device).
+
+## [[libnetfs]]
+
+Invoke `netfs_attempt_sync`.
+
+## [[libdiskfs]]
+
+Invoke `diskfs_file_update`.
+
+# Usage Examples
+
+## [[glibc]]
+
+  * `fdatasync`
+
+    `file_syncfs (FD, true, true)` -- invoke it on the passed file descriptor,
+    do wait for completion, do allow omitting to update the associated
+    metadata.
+
+  * `fsync`
+
+    `file_syncfs (FD, true, false)` -- invoke it on the passed file descriptor,
+    do wait for completion, don't allow omitting to update the associated
+    metadata.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a13c0bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_syncfs"]]
+
+    routine file_syncfs (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	wait: int;
+    	do_children: int);
+
+Synchronize the entire filesystem.
+
+This function has a companion in [[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]], which is
+invoked on the server's control port instead of an arbitrary node.  Both of
+them are usually implemented in equivalent ways.
+
+# Implementation Examples
+
+Servers that either don't keep any unsynchronized state (or don't have a
+backing store at all) can simply `return 0`.  Examples: [[translator/nfs]].
+
+The implementation typically doesn't care on which specific node (as exported
+by the implementing server) [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]] is being invoked on.
+
+## [[libtrivfs]]
+
+Invoke [[`file_sync`|file_sync]] on the underlying node.  Rationale: the
+underlying node represents this filesystem's backend, and once this node is
+synchronized, the whole [[libtrivfs]]-based filesystem is to be considered
+synchronized.
+
+### [[storeio]] / [[streamio]]
+
+Instead of the to underlying node, pass the call through to the backend
+(device).
+
+## [[libnetfs]]
+
+Invoke `netfs_attempt_syncfs`.
+
+## [[libdiskfs]]
+
+Invoke [[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]] on all active children, and invoke
+`diskfs_sync_everything` and `diskfs_set_hypermetadata`.
+
+# Usage Examples
+
+## [[glibc]]
+
+  * `sync`
+
+    `file_syncfs ("/", false, true)` -- invoke it on the process' root directory
+    (`INIT_PORT_CRDIR`), don't wait for completion, do synchronize child
+    filesystems.
+
+## [[Hurd]]
+
+  * [[`syncfs`|syncfs]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50dcce1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_storage_info"]]
+
+    routine file_get_storage_info (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out ports: portarray_t, dealloc;
+    	out ints: intarray_t, dealloc;
+    	out offsets: off_array_t, dealloc;
+    	out data: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return information on the storage used to hold this file.  See the comment for
+`enum file_storage_class` in `<hurd/hurd_types.h>` the details.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ba776c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_getlinknode"]]
+
+    routine file_getlinknode (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out linknode: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return the node for hard links to this potentially translated file.  This
+returns a potentially unauthenticated node.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8895434a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_getfh"]]
+
+    routine file_getfh (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out filehandle: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return a file handle for this file.  This can be used by NFS and such.  It is
+not guaranteed that this call will work;  if it doesn't, then this filesystem
+cannot be NFS mounted.
+
+Currently file handles are only used by `nfsd` with the purpose of
+having some stable representation of nodes (TODO: Add references).
+The only translator library that implements `file_getfh` and the
+complementary [[`fsys_getfile`|fsys_getfile]] is `libdiskfs`, so if
+you are linking against a different library you should expect that the
+filesystem exported by your translator will not be supported by `nfsd`
+by default.
+
+If you would like your non-`libdiskfs` translator to be supported by
+`nfsd`, you should implement these two RPCs on your own.  The idea is
+that to each node exported by your translator you should put in
+correspondence a unique file handle.  A file handle is a 28-byte
+value.  The first 4 bytes are not used.  Then comes a 4-byte number
+which should identify your node somehow (`libdiskfs` uses the index
+into the internally maintained node cache).  After it there comes a
+4-byte number which should bear a similar function to the `st_gen`
+field of a `stat` structure.  Following this specification, you should
+be able to implement `file_getfh` and `fsys_getfile` in a proper way
+to get `nfsd` support.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbe606f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_lookup"]]
+
+    routine dir_lookup (
+    	start_dir: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	file_name: string_t;
+    	flags: int;
+    	mode: mode_t;
+    	out do_retry: retry_type;
+    	out retry_name: string_t;
+    	out result: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Translate a file name, following all symlinks.  Upon return, if `do_retry` is
+`FS_RETRY_MAGICAL` then `retry_name` specifies what to do, the list of
+possibilities is documented in `<hurd/hurd_types.h>`; if `FS_RETRY_REAUTH`,
+then `result` should be reauthenticated before being used.  If `retry_name` is
+the empty string and the retry type is `FS_RETRY_NORMAL`, then no further
+[[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]] calls are required; `result` is the port to use.
+Otherwise the [[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]] call should be repeated, sent to
+`result` (or the reauthenticated port) with `retry_name` passed for
+`file_name`.  This call is required to be supported by all files (even
+non-directories) if the filename is null, and should function in that case as a
+re-open of the file.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86625d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_readdir"]]
+
+    routine dir_readdir (
+    	dir: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out data: data_t, dealloc[];
+    	entry: int;
+    	nentries: int;
+    	bufsiz: vm_size_t;
+    	out amount: int);
+
+Read entries from the directory.  Each entry is identified by an index number
+starting at 0 and running through the file.  This call fetches `nentries` (or
+any convenient number if `nentries` is -1) entries starting at `entry`,
+returning an array of struct directs in `data`.  The number of entries
+successfully read is returned in `amount`.  If `entry` is bigger than the index
+of the last entry, then 0 is returned in `amount`.  If `bufsize` is nonzero,
+never return more than `bufsize` bytes of data regardless.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da57f0b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_mkdir"]]
+
+    routine dir_mkdir (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	name: string_t;
+    	mode: mode_t);
+
+Create directory.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c562333a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_rmdir"]]
+
+    routine dir_rmdir (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	name: string_t);
+
+Remove directory.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24fcdd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_unlink"]]
+
+    routine dir_unlink (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	name: string_t);
+
+Remove non-directory.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44621d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_link"]]
+
+    routine dir_link (
+    	dir: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	file: file_t;
+    	name: string_t;
+    	excl: int);
+
+Create a hard link.
+
+If `dir` and `file` are not implemented by the same filesystem, `EXDEV` should
+be returned.  If the two filesystems, however can inter-operate and guarantee
+the appropriate POSIX semantics, they can communicate by a private protocol and
+allow hard links between them.  If `excl` is set, then fail if `name` already
+exists in `dir`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aac2df60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_rename"]]
+
+    routine dir_rename (
+    	olddirectory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	oldname: string_t;
+    	newdirectory: file_t;
+    	newname: string_t;
+            excl: int);
+
+Rename file -- comments similar to those for [[`dir_link`|dir_link]] apply here
+about `EXDEV`.  If `excl` is set, then fail if `newname` already exists in
+`newdirectory`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b08d54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_mkfile"]]
+
+    routine dir_mkfile (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	flags: int;
+    	mode: mode_t;
+    	out newnode: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Create a new file without linking it into the filesystem.  You still must have
+write permission on the specified directory, even though it will not actually
+be written.  Return in `newnode` a port to the file.  `flags` are the same as
+for [[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]], but `O_CREAT` and `O_TRUNC` are assumed even
+if not specified.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82a7bca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_notice_changes"]]
+
+    routine dir_notice_changes (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	port: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Notice changes to directory `dir`.  Send directory change notifications (see
+[[`fs_notify.defs`|fs_notify]]) to `port` as they occur.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a7bd13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_set_translator"]]
+
+    routine file_set_translator (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	passive_flags: int;
+    	active_flags: int;
+    	oldtrans_flags: int;
+    	passive: data_t SCP;
+    	active: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Set a translator for future lookups to a file.
+
+`passive` is the passive translator; `active` is the active translator.
+
+The `flags` are `FS_TRANS_*`, defined in `<hurd/hurd_types.h>`.  `oldflags` are
+sent in an [[`fsys_goaway`|fsys_goaway]] to an existing active translator if
+there is one and it is to be killed.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13ac4b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_translator"]]
+
+    routine file_get_translator (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out translator: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return the stored permanent translator for this file.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1cc3950a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_translator_cntl"]]
+
+    routine file_get_translator_cntl (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out translator_cntl: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return the translator control port to the active translator (if any) for this
+file.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..653af42f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_fs_options"]]
+
+    routine file_get_fs_options (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out options: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return the options describing the way the receiving filesystem is running.
+(Suitable as an arg for [[`fsys_set_options`|fsys_set_options]]).
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32e7efda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_reparent"]]
+
+    routine file_reparent (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	parent: mach_port_t;
+    	out new_file: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return a new file, `new_file`, with the same semantics as `file`, but with
+lookups of `..` (if `file` is a directory) redirected to `parent`.