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authorThomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>2008-11-05 09:30:58 +0100
committerThomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>2008-11-05 09:30:58 +0100
commit40fdc9bd87b5a67caafcaaf366479b6ac0f0a9b2 (patch)
tree5d2df92cf4be8c52c3bd35bc8b2c865ba906934b /history.html
parent516e7d2203c2f9b2b45b64232705e12c6f6f31b9 (diff)
parentcc62748b7ef1f26c543ee3dea4af0a1fa43078ed (diff)
Merge branch 'master' of kepler:tmp/hurd-homepage_to_git/converted.2.r into homepage
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
+<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
+<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
+</HEAD>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
+<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
+<TR>
+<TD COLSPAN="2">
+<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
+[
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
+<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
+ <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">English</A>
+| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
+| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.he.html">Hebrew</A>
+| <a href="/software/hurd/history.es.html">Spanish</a> <!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
+]
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
+&nbsp;<br>
+<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
+<P>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
+&nbsp;<BR>
+<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
+</TD>
+<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
+<HR>
+<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
+<UL>
+ <LI><A HREF="#start" NAME="TOCstart">How it started</A>
+ <LI><A HREF="#announce" NAME="TOCannounce">Announcements</A>
+</UL>
+<HR>
+
+<H3><A HREF="#TOCstart" NAME="start">How it started</A></H3>
+<P>
+Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
+complete free operating system. In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
+mentioned that there is a primitive kernel. In the first GNUsletter,
+Feb. 1986, he says that GNU's kernel is TRIX, which was developed at
+the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
+
+<P>
+By December of 1986, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) had "started
+working on the changes needed to TRIX" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1987].
+Shortly thereafter, the FSF began "negotiating with Professor Rashid
+of Carnegie-Mellon University about working with them on the
+development of the Mach kernel" [Gnusletter, June, 1987]. The text
+implies that the FSF wanted to use someone else's work, rather than
+have to fix TRIX.
+
+<P>
+In [Gnusletter, Feb. 1988], RMS was talking about taking Mach and
+putting the Berkeley Sprite filesystem on top of it, "after the parts
+of Berkeley Unix... have been replaced."
+
+<P>
+Six months later, the FSF is saying that "if we can't get Mach, we'll
+use TRIX or Berkeley's Sprite." Here, they present Sprite as a
+full-kernel option, rather than just a filesystem.
+
+<P>
+In January, 1990, they say "we aren't doing any kernel work. It does
+not make sense for us to start a kernel project now, when we still
+hope to use Mach" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1990]. Nothing significant occurs
+until 1991, when a more detailed plan is announced:
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+We are still interested in a multi-process kernel running on top of
+Mach. The CMU lawyers are currently deciding if they can release Mach
+with distribution conditions that will enable us to distribute it. If
+they decide to do so, then we will probably start work. CMU has
+available under the same terms as Mach a single-server partial Unix
+emulator named Poe; it is rather slow and provides minimal
+functionality. We would probably begin by extending Poe to provide
+full functionality. Later we hope to have a modular emulator divided
+into multiple processes. [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+<P>
+RMS explains the relationship between the Hurd and Linux in <A
+HREF="hurd-and-linux.html">The Hurd and Linux</A>, where he mentions
+that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990. As of [Gnusletter,
+Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
+
+<H3><A HREF="#TOCannounce" NAME="announce">Announcements</A></H3>
+<DL>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash15">Release 0.2 announcement (complete GNU system)</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash14">Release 0.2 announcement (Hurd)</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash13">Test release announcement (Aug 96)</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash12">Test release status (Jul 96)</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash11">Binary image available, Apr 96</A></DT>
+<DD>
+This and <A HREF="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</A> boot flopies should
+be enough to get a working GNU/Hurd system!</DD>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash10">New Snapshot, Apr 96</A> -- NFS and lots else
+works!</DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash9">News Flash, Nov 95</A> -- ftp works!</DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash8">New Snapshot, Jul 95</A> -- ext2fs support</DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash7">New Snapshot, Apr 95</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash6">News flash, Nov 94</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash5">News flash, Sep 94</A> -- gcc runs!</DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash4">News flash, Aug 94</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash3">News flash, Jul 94</A> -- emacs runs!</DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash2">News flash, May 94</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-flash">News flash, Apr 94</A> -- it boots!</DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-announce2">GNU&nbsp;Hurd announcement, Nov 93</A></DT>
+<DT>
+<A HREF="hurd-announce">GNU&nbsp;Hurd announcement, May 91</A></DT>
+</DL>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<HR>
+
+[
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
+<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
+ <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">English</A>
+| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
+| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">Hebrew</A>
+| <a href="/software/hurd/history.es.html">Spanish</a> <!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
+]
+
+<HR>
+
+<P>
+Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
+<P>
+
+Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
+
+<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
+There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
+contact</A> the FSF.
+<P>
+
+Please send comments on these web pages to
+
+<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
+send other questions to
+<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
+<P>
+Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA
+<P>
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
+<P>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date$ $Author$
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+<HR>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>