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[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]

[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]

[[!meta title="UNIX"]]

*UNIX* is a [[kernel]] implementation developed in Bell Labs, starting in the 1970's, by a group of programmers including Dennis Ritchie & Ken Thompson.


# Concepts

  * [[file_descriptor]]

  * [[process]]

  * [[signal]]

  * [[system_call]]


# External

  * Wikipedia page about [[!wikipedia UNIX]].

  * [*Standardizing
    UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
    article by David Chisnall.

  * The first in the series, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_1}} introduces the concepts
    of [[file_descriptor]]s and the single, hierarchical [[namespace]].

    Next, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_2}} discusses issues with *conflated designs*
    such as the `mount` command (a problem we have partly solved / solved
    differently with our [[hurd/translator]] approach and the
    [[hurd/virtual_file_system]]), and the plethora of flags that can be passed
    to the `open` [[system_call]].

    In {{$2010_brown_ghosts_3}}, he deals with *unfixable designs*, such as
    UNIX [[signal]]s and the *UNIX permission model* (which is
    clearly inferior to a [[capability]]-based system).

  * [*UNIX File Permissions*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2004/perms.html)
    (2004) by Richard Kettlewell.  ([[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]<!--
    TODO: split out UNIX permission stuff into unix/file_permissions or
    something.  -->)


[[!ymlfront data="""

djb_self-pipe:

    D. J. Bernstein's [*self-pipe trick*](http://cr.yp.to/docs/selfpipe.html)

rjk_fork:

    Richard Kettlewell's suggestions about [*how fork(2) ought to
    be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html)

2010_brown_ghosts_1:

    "Neil Brown's 2010-10-27 article [*Ghosts of Unix Past: a historical search
    for design patterns*](http://lwn.net/Articles/411845/)"

2010_brown_ghosts_2:

    "Neil Brown's 2010-11-04 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 2: Conflated
    designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/412131/)"

2010_brown_ghosts_3:

    "Neil Brown's 2010-11-16 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 3: Unfixable
    designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/414618/)"

"""]]