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authorPino Toscano <toscano.pino@tiscali.it>2013-03-15 16:37:56 +0100
committerPino Toscano <toscano.pino@tiscali.it>2013-03-15 16:37:56 +0100
commit10a5ed091374ee5d6421e6c55afd86b13c0f52a3 (patch)
tree95085219fb4ef1f53fe59cb9694aafcd4ce7cf00 /hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
parent64ab4a5a92923e79cd6711b903c5e01c8598f8ba (diff)
Reorganize the Hurd FAQ in a single place
move all the hurd faq pages to the top-level faq directory; the faq.mdwn index now uses two simples map of all the subpages (one for the debian items, and the other for the non-debian items) TODO: now some of the items would need better titles
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-The Unofficial (and no longer maintained) GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ, Version 0.13
-
-Contributions by:
-
-Michael I. Bushnell <mib@gnu.org>
-Len Tower <tower@gnu.org>
-Trent Fisher <trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu>
-jlr@usoft.spb.su
-Remy Card <Remy.Card@masi.ibp.fr>
-Louis-Dominique Dubeau <hallu@info.polymtl.ca>
-
-Original Document by: Derek Upham <upham@cs.ubc.ca>
-
-
-==============================
-
-Contents:
-
-Q0. Where can I get the Unofficial GNU Hurd FAQ?
-Q2. Where can I get a copy?
-Q3. Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
-Q4. What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
-Q5. Where can I find more information?
-Q7. What sort of machines will run Hurd in the future?
-Q8. What is the current development status?
-Q9. What sort of system would we have if the Hurd was bootable today?
-
-==============================
-
-Q0. Where can I get the Unofficial GNU Hurd FAQ?
-
-The Unofficial Hurd FAQ (what you are reading now) is occasionally
-posted to the USENET newsgroup, gnu.misc.discuss. It is also
-available from
-
- http://www.enci.ucalgary.ca/~gord/hurd/hurd-faq.txt (Broken Link ?)
-
-If you don't have WWW access, you may send mail to me, Gordon
-Matzigkeit <gord@enci.ucalgary.ca> with a subject line that reads:
-
- Subject: send hurd-faq
-
-You should receive a PGP-signed copy of the current version of this
-document in a matter of minutes.
-
-
-Q2. Where can I get a copy?
-
-To put it simply, you can't. It is still under development (by
-Michael Bushnell, Roland McGrath and Miles Bader). It is almost, but
-not quite, at the point where you can do real work on it. Keep your
-fingers crossed.
-
-Some people have actually bootstrapped it, but the work is not easy,
-and the current snapshot won't work until a new multiserver boot
-mechanism is made.
-
-If you *really* want to try it, beware that it is still pre-alpha
-code, and that it will likely crash on you. See Trent Fisher's Hurd
-pages (under question 5) for the latest information.
-
-
-Q3. Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
-
-For one thing, Linux and BSD don't scale well. Hardware designers are
-shifting more and more toward multiprocessor machines for performance,
-and standard Unix kernels do not provide much multiprocessor support.
-The Hurd, on the other hand, runs on top of the Mach 3.0 micro-kernel
-[[1]] from CMU. Mach was designed precisely for multiprocessing
-machines, so its portability should carry over nicely to the Hurd.
-
-In addition, the Hurd will be considerably more flexible and robust
-than generic Unix. Wherever possible, Unix kernel features have been
-moved into unprivileged space. Once there, anyone who desires can
-develop custom replacements for them. Users will be able to write and
-use their own file systems, their own `exec' servers, or their own
-network protocols if they like, all without disturbing other users.
-
-The Linux kernel has now been modified to allow user-level file
-systems, so there is proof that people will actually use features such
-as these. It will be much easier to do under the Hurd, however,
-because the Hurd is almost entirely run in user space and because the
-various servers are designed for this sort of modification.
-
-
-Q4. What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
-
-As mentioned above, Mach is a micro-kernel, written at Carnegie Mellon
-University. A more descriptive term might be a greatest-common-factor
-kernel, since it provides facilities common to all ``real'' operating
-systems, such as memory management, inter-process communication,
-processes, and a bunch of other stuff. Unfortunately, the system
-calls used to access these facilities are only vaguely related to the
-familiar and cherished Unix system calls. There are no "fork",
-"wait", or "sleep" system-calls, no SIGHUPs, nothing like that. All
-this makes it rather difficult to, say, port GNU Emacs to a Mach box.
-
-The trick is, of course, to write an emulation library. Unix programs
-can then use (what they think are) POSIX system calls and facilities
-while they are really using Mach system calls and facilities.
-
-The simplest way of going about this is to take an ordinary Unix
-kernel, open it up, and rip out all the machine-specific guts; any
-time the Unix kernel talks to the machine, replace the code with calls
-to the Mach micro-kernel. Run this fake kernel on a Mach machine and
-you end up with something that looks and acts just like Unix (even to
-GNU Emacs). Note that the Unix kernel we have implemented is just one
-Really Big Mach program (called a single-server).
-
-The Hurd, on the other hand, breaks the giant Unix kernel down into
-various Mach programs running as daemons. Working in concert with
-facilities placed in the C library, these daemons provide all of the
-POSIX system-calls and features; from the outside they look just like
-a standard Unix kernel. This means that, for practical purposes,
-anything that you can port to Linux will also port to the Hurd.
-
-Of course, if a user wishes to run his own daemons, he can do that as
-well....
-
-Mach 4.0 is an enhanced version of Mach 3.0, put out by the people at
-the University of Utah. They are working on another free operating
-system, and part of it includes an enhanced, more flexible version of
-Mach. The Hurd has moved to Mach 4.0, which is good, because it is a
-lot easier to build than 3.0 was.
-
-You can find more information on Mach by browsing the Hurd pages given
-in the next answer, or by looking at the Project Mach and Flux
-homepages at:
-
-Carnegie Mellon University (for Mach versions before 4.0):
-
- http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/mach/public/www/mach.html
-
-the University of Utah (for Mach 4.0):
-
- http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/flux/mach4/html/
-
-
-
-==============================
-
-Footnotes:
-
-[[1]] Yes, I know that ``micro-kernel'' is about as apt a description
-as ``Reduced Instruction Set Chip'', but we're stuck with it.