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authorThomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>2009-06-23 17:15:59 +0200
committerThomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>2009-06-23 19:09:52 +0200
commit181d1bab7b75b070918c65dfc05fbb3c3c5c1344 (patch)
tree822eb60d784c6111bd61780573e84eea5e9d2758 /community/weblogs
parent99224d3e476fb975bfbc2ff92a4167d7a52ae9b9 (diff)
community/weblogs/tschwinge/2009-06-23_split_patch_and_git_rebase_--interactive: New article about splitting a patch into three, and then some ``git rebase --interactive''.
Diffstat (limited to 'community/weblogs')
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diff --git a/community/weblogs/tschwinge/2009-06-23_split_patch_and_git_rebase_--interactive.mdwn b/community/weblogs/tschwinge/2009-06-23_split_patch_and_git_rebase_--interactive.mdwn
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@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="splitting a patch into three, and then some git rebase
+--interactive"]]
+
+I was revisiting the issue of getting the Hurd's code base compiled with recent
+versions of GCC. Specifically, there were a lot of duplicate symbols shown at
+linking time, and all these were related to `inline` functions. Originally, in
+2007, we had solved this problem already (or rather, shifted it) by using GCC's
+`-fgnu89-inline` option, but as we [[!GNU_Savannah_patch 6840 desc="saw now"]],
+that one obviously doesn't help anymore if third-party code is using the Hurd's
+unfixed header files.
+
+So I was revisiting this issue. I was already prepared that this would take
+some hours, with lots of editing, compiling cycles, plus some analyzing of the
+binaries. So I made up a fresh repository for this work.
+
+ $ mkdir hurd-ei
+ $ cd hurd-ei/
+ $ git init
+ [...]
+ $ git remote add savannah git://git.savannah.gnu.org/hurd/hurd.git
+ $ git fetch
+ [...]
+
+Switch to a new topic-branch.
+
+ $ git checkout -b master-ei savannah/master
+ Branch master-ei set up to track remote branch master from savannah.
+ Switched to a new branch 'master-ei'
+
+(*`ei`* is short for `extern inline`.)
+
+The first thing to do was to disable that `-fgnu89-inline` option, so I edited
+`Makeconf` where it was added to `CFLAGS`.
+
+I started editing, compiling, editing, compiling, and so on.
+
+Finally, the tree was in a shape where everything was building fine and the
+resulting libraries contained the symbols they should, etc.
+
+I committed the whole junk as one *big blob* commit, to store it in a safe
+place (you never know with these Hurd machines...), and to continue working on
+it the next day.
+
+ $ git commit -a
+
+For the commit message, I already mostly assembled a `ChangeLog`-style log.
+Then:
+
+ $ git format-patch savannah/master..
+ 0001-Bla.patch
+
+... and here is [[0001-Bla.patch.bz2]] (compressed).
+
+
+The next day, a.k.a. today, in a different Git repository.
+
+ $ git checkout -b master-fix_inline savannah/master
+ Branch master-fix_inline set up to track remote branch master from savannah.
+ Switched to a new branch 'master-fix_inline'
+ $ bunzip2 < ../some/where/0001-Bla.patch.bz2 | git am
+ Applying: Bla.
+
+The *big blob* is now on top of savannah/master (which was
+`2772f5c6a6a51cf946fd95bf6ffe254273157a21`, by the way -- in case that you want
+to reproduce this tutorial later, simply substitute `savannah/master` with
+`2772...`).
+
+By then, I had come to the conclusion that the commit essentially was fine, but
+should be split into two, and the `configure` hunk shouldn't be in there. So
+be it.
+
+So, the `HEAD` of the active branch is our *big blob* commit that we want to
+work on. Check with `git show HEAD`:
+
+ $ git show HEAD
+ commit 93e97f3351337c349e2926f4041e61bc487ef9e6
+ Author: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
+ Date: Tue Jun 23 00:27:28 2009 +0200
+
+ Bla.
+
+ * console-client/timer.h (fetch_jiffies): Use static inline instead of extern
+ inline.
+ * ext2fs/ext2fs.h (test_bit, set_bit, clear_bit, dino, global_block_modified)
+ (record_global_poke, sync_global_ptr, record_indir_poke, sync_global)
+ (alloc_sync): Likewise.
+ * libftpconn/priv.h (unexpected_reply): Likewise.
+ * term/term.h (qsize, qavail, clear_queue, dequeue_quote, dequeue)
+ (enqueue_internal, enqueue, enqueue_quote, unquote_char, char_quoted_p)
+ (queue_erase): Likewise.
+ * ufs/ufs.h (dino, indir_block, cg_locate, sync_disk_blocks, sync_dinode)
+ (swab_short, swab_long, swab_long_long): Likewise.
+ * term/munge.c (poutput): Use static inline instead of inline.
+
+ * libdiskfs/diskfs.h: Apply inline optimization only ifdef
+ [__USE_EXTERN_INLINES]. Use __extern_inline instead of extern inline.
+ * libftpconn/ftpconn.h: Likewise.
+ * libpipe/pipe.h: Likewise.
+ * libpipe/pq.h: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/idvec.h: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/maptime.h: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/ugids.h: Likewise.
+ * libstore/store.h: Likewise.
+ * libthreads/rwlock.h: Likewise.
+ * libdiskfs/extern-inline.c: Adapt to these changes.
+ * libftpconn/xinl.c: Likewise. And don't #include "priv.h".
+ * libpipe/pipe-funcs.c: Likewise.
+ * libpipe/pq-funcs.c: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/maptime-funcs.c: Likewise. And remove superfluous
+ includes.
+ * libstore/xinl.c: Likewise.
+ * libthreads/rwlock.c: Likewise.
+
+ * Makeconf (CFLAGS): Don't append $(gnu89-inline-CFLAGS).
+ * pfinet/Makefile (CFLAGS): Append $(gnu89-inline-CFLAGS).
+
+ diff --git a/Makeconf b/Makeconf
+ index e9b2045..236f1ec 100644
+ --- a/Makeconf
+ +++ b/Makeconf
+ @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ INCLUDES += -I$(..)include -I$(top_srcdir)/include
+ CPPFLAGS += $(INCLUDES) \
+ -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_IO_MTSAFE_IO -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 \
+ $($*-CPPFLAGS)
+ -CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 $(gnu89-inline-CFLAGS) -Wall -g -O3 \
+ +CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -Wall -g -O3 \
+ [...]
+
+We want to undo this one commit, but preserve its changes in the working
+directory.
+
+ $ git reset HEAD^
+ Makeconf: locally modified
+ configure: locally modified
+ console-client/timer.h: locally modified
+ ext2fs/ext2fs.h: locally modified
+ libdiskfs/diskfs.h: locally modified
+ libdiskfs/extern-inline.c: locally modified
+ libftpconn/ftpconn.h: locally modified
+ libftpconn/priv.h: locally modified
+ libftpconn/xinl.c: locally modified
+ libpipe/pipe-funcs.c: locally modified
+ libpipe/pipe.h: locally modified
+ libpipe/pq-funcs.c: locally modified
+ libpipe/pq.h: locally modified
+ libshouldbeinlibc/idvec.h: locally modified
+ libshouldbeinlibc/maptime-funcs.c: locally modified
+ libshouldbeinlibc/maptime.h: locally modified
+ libshouldbeinlibc/ugids.h: locally modified
+ libstore/store.h: locally modified
+ libstore/xinl.c: locally modified
+ libthreads/rwlock.c: locally modified
+ libthreads/rwlock.h: locally modified
+ pfinet/Makefile: locally modified
+ term/munge.c: locally modified
+ term/term.h: locally modified
+ ufs/ufs.h: locally modified
+
+Now, `HEAD` points to the commit before the previous `HEAD`, i.e. `HEAD^`.
+Again, check with `git show HEAD`:
+
+ $ git show HEAD
+ commit 2772f5c6a6a51cf946fd95bf6ffe254273157a21
+ Author: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
+ Date: Thu Apr 2 23:06:37 2009 +0000
+
+ 2009-04-03 Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
+
+ * exec.c (prepare): Call PREPARE_STREAM earlier to permit calling
+ finish_mapping on E even after errors, as is already done in do_exec.
+
+ diff --git a/exec/ChangeLog b/exec/ChangeLog
+ index 5a0ad1d..a9300bf 100644
+ --- a/exec/ChangeLog
+ +++ b/exec/ChangeLog
+ @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+ +2009-04-03 Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
+ +
+ + * exec.c (prepare): Call PREPARE_STREAM earlier to permit calling
+ + finish_mapping on E even after errors, as is already done in do_exec.
+ +
+ 2008-06-10 Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
+
+ * elfcore.c (TIME_VALUE_TO_TIMESPEC): Completely implement instead of
+ diff --git a/exec/exec.c b/exec/exec.c
+ index 05dc883..cb3d741 100644
+ --- a/exec/exec.c
+ +++ b/exec/exec.c
+ @@ -726,6 +726,9 @@ prepare (file_t file, struct execdata *e)
+
+ e->interp.section = NULL;
+
+ + /* Initialize E's stdio stream. */
+ + prepare_stream (e);
+ [...]
+
+Luckily, Git saves the previous (i.e. before the `git reset`) `HEAD` reference
+as `ORIG_HEAD`. Have a look at it with `git show ORIG_HEAD` -- it contains the
+*big blob* commit, including the preliminary commit message -- just what HEAD
+was before:
+
+ $ git show ORIG_HEAD
+ commit 93e97f3351337c349e2926f4041e61bc487ef9e6
+ Author: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
+ Date: Tue Jun 23 00:27:28 2009 +0200
+
+ Bla.
+
+ * console-client/timer.h (fetch_jiffies): Use static inline instead of extern
+ inline.
+ [...]
+
+ diff --git a/Makeconf b/Makeconf
+ index e9b2045..236f1ec 100644
+ --- a/Makeconf
+ +++ b/Makeconf
+ @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ INCLUDES += -I$(..)include -I$(top_srcdir)/include
+ CPPFLAGS += $(INCLUDES) \
+ -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_IO_MTSAFE_IO -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 \
+ $($*-CPPFLAGS)
+ -CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 $(gnu89-inline-CFLAGS) -Wall -g -O3 \
+ +CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -Wall -g -O3 \
+ [...]
+
+OK, now let's pick the files that we want to have in the first of the
+envisioned two commits: these are the *static inline instead of extern inline*
+and *apply inline optimization only...* sections.
+
+ $ git add console-client/timer.h ext2fs/ext2fs.h [...] libthreads/rwlock.c
+
+Oh, we forgot something: now that we're preparing this stuff to go into the
+*master* repository, update the copyright years. Edit, edit, edit, and then,
+again:
+
+ $ git add console-client/timer.h ext2fs/ext2fs.h [...] libthreads/rwlock.c
+
+Now Git's staging area contains the changes that we want to commit (and the
+working directory contains the rest of the *big blob*). Commit these `add`ed
+files, and use *big blob*'s commit message as a template for the new one, as it
+already contains most of what we want (don't forget to chop off the unneeded
+parts).
+
+ $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
+ Waiting for Emacs...
+ [master-fix_inline 51c15bc] Use static inline where appropriate.
+ 6 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
+ $ git show HEAD
+ commit c6c9d7a69dea26e04bba7010582e7bcd612e710c
+ Author: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
+ Date: Tue Jun 23 00:27:28 2009 +0200
+
+ Use static inline where appropriate and use glibc's __extern_inline machinery.
+
+ * console-client/timer.h (fetch_jiffies): Use static inline instead of extern
+ inline.
+ * ext2fs/ext2fs.h (test_bit, set_bit, clear_bit, dino, global_block_modified)
+ (record_global_poke, sync_global_ptr, record_indir_poke, sync_global)
+ (alloc_sync): Likewise.
+ * libftpconn/priv.h (unexpected_reply): Likewise.
+ * term/term.h (qsize, qavail, clear_queue, dequeue_quote, dequeue)
+ (enqueue_internal, enqueue, enqueue_quote, unquote_char, char_quoted_p)
+ (queue_erase): Likewise.
+ * ufs/ufs.h (dino, indir_block, cg_locate, sync_disk_blocks, sync_dinode)
+ (swab_short, swab_long, swab_long_long): Likewise.
+ * term/munge.c (poutput): Use static inline instead of inline.
+
+ * libdiskfs/diskfs.h: Apply inline optimization only ifdef
+ [__USE_EXTERN_INLINES]. Use __extern_inline instead of extern inline.
+ * libftpconn/ftpconn.h: Likewise.
+ * libpipe/pipe.h: Likewise.
+ * libpipe/pq.h: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/idvec.h: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/maptime.h: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/ugids.h: Likewise.
+ * libstore/store.h: Likewise.
+ * libthreads/rwlock.h: Likewise.
+ * libdiskfs/extern-inline.c: Adapt to these changes.
+ * libftpconn/xinl.c: Likewise. And don't #include "priv.h".
+ * libpipe/pipe-funcs.c: Likewise.
+ * libpipe/pq-funcs.c: Likewise.
+ * libshouldbeinlibc/maptime-funcs.c: Likewise. And remove superfluous
+ includes.
+ * libstore/xinl.c: Likewise.
+ * libthreads/rwlock.c: Likewise.
+
+ diff --git a/console-client/timer.h b/console-client/timer.h
+ index 4204192..5e64e97 100644
+ --- a/console-client/timer.h
+ +++ b/console-client/timer.h
+ @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+ /* timer.h - Interface to a timer module for Mach.
+ - Copyright (C) 1995,96,2000,02 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ +
+ + Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ +
+ Written by Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG and Marcus Brinkmann.
+
+ This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
+ @@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ int timer_remove (struct timer_list *timer);
+ /* Change the expiration time of the timer TIMER to EXPIRES. */
+ void timer_change (struct timer_list *timer, long long expires);
+
+ -extern inline long long
+ +static inline long long
+ [...]
+
+As you can see, `HEAD` now points to the new commit on top of the current
+branch. (`ORIG_HEAD` doesn't change.)
+
+On to the next, and last one, only two changes should be left: the `Makeconf`
+and `pfinet/Makefile` ones.
+
+ $ git status
+ # On branch master-fix_inline
+ # Your branch is ahead of 'savannah/master' by 1 commit.
+ #
+ # Changed but not updated:
+ # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+ # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+ #
+ # modified: Makeconf
+ # modified: configure
+ # modified: pfinet/Makefile
+ #
+ # Untracked files:
+ # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+ #
+ # 0001-Bla.patch
+ # autom4te.cache/
+ # hurd_extern_inline_fix.patch?file_id=18191
+ no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+
+Alright, there is as well still the `configure` hunk that we want to get rid
+of. But first for the real second commit, after editing for again adding the
+copyright year update:
+
+ $ git add Makeconf pfinet/Makefile
+ $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
+ Waiting for Emacs...
+ [master-fix_inline 6a967d1] We're now C99 inline safe -- apart from the Linux code in pfinet.
+ 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+Check that we're in a clean state now:
+
+ $ git status
+ # On branch master-fix_inline
+ # Your branch is ahead of 'savannah/master' by 2 commits.
+ #
+ # Changed but not updated:
+ # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+ # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+ #
+ # modified: configure
+ #
+ # Untracked files:
+ # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+ #
+ # 0001-Bla.patch
+ # autom4te.cache/
+ # hurd_extern_inline_fix.patch?file_id=18191
+ no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+
+Oops, we forgot something...
+
+ $ git checkout -- configure
+
+Now, our tree is clean again. (Check with `git status`.)
+
+By now, we came to the conclusion that the first of the two commits should have
+been further split into two separate ones. Of course, essentially we would do
+the same splitting again that we've done just now -- but how to easily modify
+the first commit, now that we have another one on top of it?
+
+Alright, `git rebase --interactive` to the rescue -- let's interactively
+*`rebase`* the last two commits, to modify them as wanted.
+
+ $ git rebase --interactive HEAD~2
+ Waiting for Emacs...
+
+Emacs wants us to tell which commits we want to keep as they are (`pick`),
+which should be merged into others (`squash`), and which we want to `edit`. In
+our scenario, we want to `edit` the first one and `pick` the second one.
+Change the file thusly and close it.
+
+ Stopped at 5becbb5... Use static inline where appropriate and use...
+ You can amend the commit now, with
+
+ git commit --amend
+
+ Once you are satisfied with your changes, run
+
+ git rebase --continue
+
+We want to undo this first commit to split it into two. Again, use `git reset`
+for that, while preserving the commit's changes in the working directory.
+
+ $ git reset HEAD^
+ console-client/timer.h: locally modified
+ [...]
+
+Pick the set of files that we want to have in the first of the envisioned two
+commits: the *static inline instead of extern inline* section, and commit them,
+again using the previous commit message as a template for the new one:
+
+ $ git add console-client/timer.h ext2fs/ext2fs.h [...] term/munge.c
+ $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
+ Waiting for Emacs...
+ [detached HEAD 51c15bc] Use static inline where appropriate.
+ 6 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
+
+Next part: *apply inline optimization only...*. Again, `git add` those files
+that shall be part of the next commit, i.e. all remaining ones. As before, use
+the previous commit message as a template.
+
+ $ git add libdiskfs/diskfs.h [...] libthreads/rwlock.c
+ $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
+ Waiting for Emacs...
+ [detached HEAD 8ac30ea] [__USE_EXTERN_INLINES]: Use glibc's __extern_inline machinery.
+ 16 files changed, 508 insertions(+), 356 deletions(-)
+
+Now we're done with splitting that commit into two. (Check with `git status`
+that we didn't forget anything.) What's missing is getting back the other
+commit on top of the two now-split ones:
+
+ $ git rebase --continue
+ Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master-fix_inline.
+
+Here we go. The other commit has been applied on top of the two new ones.
+
+Due to time-honored tradition, I always double-check what I have just
+committed, before distributing it to the world:
+
+ $ git log --reverse -p -C --cc savannah/master..
+
+... and promptly, I recognize some changes that shouldn't be in there: when
+using it on some files, Emacs' `copyright-fix-years`, aside from indeed fixing
+the list of copyright years, and adding the current year, also changed *GPL
+... version 2* into *version 3*, which would be nice, but which we can't do for
+the moment. The error is present only in the first and second commit. If it
+were in only in the third (the last) one, simply editing the files, and then
+using `git commit --amend` would be the solution. But again there is the
+problem about how to modify the first (`HEAD~2`) and second (`HEAD~1`, or
+`HEAD^`) commit now that there is another one on top of it. By now, we know
+the solution:
+
+ $ git rebase --interactive HEAD~3
+ Waiting for Emacs...
+
+This time, we need to `edit` the first and second commits, and `pick` the third
+one.
+
+ Stopped at ffd215b... Use static inline where appropriate.
+ You can amend the commit now, with
+
+ git commit --amend
+
+ Once you are satisfied with your changes, run
+
+ git rebase --continue
+
+`git show` (which defaults to showing `HEAD`, by the way) can again be used to
+have a look at the current `HEAD` (which is the first of the three commits),
+and then we revert the unwanted changes in the editor, resulting with the
+following changed files:
+
+ $ git status
+ # Not currently on any branch.
+ # Changed but not updated:
+ # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+ # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+ #
+ # modified: ext2fs/ext2fs.h
+ # modified: libftpconn/priv.h
+ # modified: term/munge.c
+ # modified: term/term.h
+ # modified: ufs/ufs.h
+ #
+ # Untracked files:
+ # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+ #
+ # 0001-Bla.patch
+ # autom4te.cache/
+ # hurd_extern_inline_fix.patch?file_id=18191
+ no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+
+Then, we can -- as `git rebase` suggested above -- *amend* the existing `HEAD`
+commit with these changes (`--amend` and `--all`), reusing `HEAD`'s commit
+message without spawning an editor (`-C HEAD`):
+
+ $ git commit --amend -C HEAD --all
+ [detached HEAD c6c9d7a] Use static inline where appropriate.
+ 6 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
+
+Continue with the next commit:
+
+ $ git rebase --continue
+ Stopped at 8ac30ea... [__USE_EXTERN_INLINES]: Use glibc's __extern_inline machinery.
+ You can amend the commit now, with
+
+ git commit --amend
+
+ Once you are satisfied with your changes, run
+
+ git rebase --continue
+
+Again, have a look at the commit (`git show`), revert the unwanted changes,
+*amend* `HEAD`, and continue to the next commit:
+
+ $ git commit --amend -C HEAD --all
+ [detached HEAD 9990dc6] [__USE_EXTERN_INLINES]: Use glibc's __extern_inline machinery.
+ 16 files changed, 500 insertions(+), 348 deletions(-)
+ $ git rebase --continue
+ Stopped at 6a967d1... We're now C99 inline safe -- apart from the Linux code in pfinet.
+ You can amend the commit now, with
+
+ git commit --amend
+
+ Once you are satisfied with your changes, run
+
+ git rebase --continue
+
+Two files are left to be edited (`git show`, etc., again), and finally:
+
+ $ git commit --amend -C HEAD --all
+ [detached HEAD 241c605] We're now C99 inline safe -- apart from the Linux code in pfinet.
+ 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
+ $ git rebase --continue
+ Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master-fix_inline.
+
+That's it. `git log --reverse -p -C --cc savannah/master..` now looks as nice
+as can be.
+
+
+Of course, this is only a small insight of what is possible to do with `git
+rebase` and friends -- see the manual for further explanations.
diff --git a/community/weblogs/tschwinge/2009-06-23_split_patch_and_git_rebase_--interactive/0001-Bla.patch.bz2 b/community/weblogs/tschwinge/2009-06-23_split_patch_and_git_rebase_--interactive/0001-Bla.patch.bz2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a682c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/community/weblogs/tschwinge/2009-06-23_split_patch_and_git_rebase_--interactive/0001-Bla.patch.bz2
Binary files differ