Perhaps your /dev/ got hurt. You can mount by hand (e.g. on /target) your root filesystem from a Hurd installation CD and run

chroot /target dpkg-reconfigure hurd

or

chroot /target /usr/lib/hurd/setup-translators -k -p

or even completely by hand:

settrans -cfg /target/dev/console /hurd/term /dev/console device console
settrans -cfg /target/dev/null /hurd/null
settrans -cfg /target/servers/socket/1 /hurd/pflocal
settrans -cfg /target/dev/urandom /hurd/random --seed-file /var/lib/random-seed --fast

to restore it or at least the basic parts.

You can also try to fix some entries from a Linux system (mounting it as ext4) with:

rm -f /target/dev/console
rm -f /target/dev/null
rm -f /target/servers/socket/1
rm -f /target/dev/urandom
touch /target/dev/console
touch /target/dev/null
touch /target/servers/socket/1
touch /target/dev/urandom
setfattr -n gnu.translator -v "/hurd/term\0/dev/console\0device\0console\0" /target/dev/console
setfattr -n gnu.translator -v "/hurd/null\0" /target/dev/null
setfattr -n gnu.translator -v "/hurd/pflocal\0" /target/servers/socket/1
setfattr -n gnu.translator -v "/hurd/random\0--seed-file\0/var/lib/random-seed\0--fast\0" /target/dev/urandom