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+/* Format of a filesystem on disk (superblock and cylinder groups)
+   Copyright (C) 1991, 1993 Free Software Foundation
+
+This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
+
+The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with the GNU Hurd; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+
+/* Modified from UCB by Michael I. Bushnell.  */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution is only permitted until one year after the first shipment
+ * of 4.4BSD by the Regents.  Otherwise, redistribution and use in source and
+ * binary forms are permitted provided that: (1) source distributions retain
+ * this entire copyright notice and comment, and (2) distributions including
+ * binaries display the following acknowledgement:  This product includes
+ * software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its
+ * contributors'' in the documentation or other materials provided with the
+ * distribution and in all advertising materials mentioning features or use
+ * of this software.  Neither the name of the University nor the names of
+ * its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ * this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)fs.h	7.10 (Berkeley) 6/28/90
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Each disk drive contains some number of file systems.
+ * A file system consists of a number of cylinder groups.
+ * Each cylinder group has inodes and data.
+ *
+ * A file system is described by its super-block, which in turn
+ * describes the cylinder groups.  The super-block is critical
+ * data and is replicated in each cylinder group to protect against
+ * catastrophic loss.  This is done at `newfs' time and the critical
+ * super-block data does not change, so the copies need not be
+ * referenced further unless disaster strikes.
+ *
+ * For file system fs, the offsets of the various blocks of interest
+ * are given in the super block as:
+ *	[fs->fs_sblkno]		Super-block
+ *	[fs->fs_cblkno]		Cylinder group block
+ *	[fs->fs_iblkno]		Inode blocks
+ *	[fs->fs_dblkno]		Data blocks
+ * The beginning of cylinder group cg in fs, is given by
+ * the ``cgbase(fs, cg)'' macro.
+ *
+ * The first boot and super blocks are given in absolute disk addresses.
+ * The byte-offset forms are preferred, as they don't imply a sector size.
+ */
+#define BBSIZE		8192
+#define SBSIZE		8192
+#define	BBOFF		((off_t)(0))
+#define	SBOFF		((off_t)(BBOFF + BBSIZE))
+#define	BBLOCK		((daddr_t)(0))
+#define	SBLOCK		((daddr_t)(BBLOCK + BBSIZE / DEV_BSIZE))
+
+/*
+ * Addresses stored in inodes are capable of addressing fragments
+ * of `blocks'. File system blocks of at most size MAXBSIZE can 
+ * be optionally broken into 2, 4, or 8 pieces, each of which is
+ * addressible; these pieces may be DEV_BSIZE, or some multiple of
+ * a DEV_BSIZE unit.
+ *
+ * Large files consist of exclusively large data blocks.  To avoid
+ * undue wasted disk space, the last data block of a small file may be
+ * allocated as only as many fragments of a large block as are
+ * necessary.  The file system format retains only a single pointer
+ * to such a fragment, which is a piece of a single large block that
+ * has been divided.  The size of such a fragment is determinable from
+ * information in the inode, using the ``blksize(fs, ip, lbn)'' macro.
+ *
+ * The file system records space availability at the fragment level;
+ * to determine block availability, aligned fragments are examined.
+ *
+ * The root inode is the root of the file system.
+ * Inode 0 can't be used for normal purposes and
+ * historically bad blocks were linked to inode 1,
+ * thus the root inode is 2. (inode 1 is no longer used for
+ * this purpose, however numerous dump tapes make this
+ * assumption, so we are stuck with it)
+ */
+#define	ROOTINO		((ino_t)2)	/* i number of all roots */
+
+/*
+ * MINBSIZE is the smallest allowable block size.
+ * In order to insure that it is possible to create files of size
+ * 2^32 with only two levels of indirection, MINBSIZE is set to 4096.
+ * MINBSIZE must be big enough to hold a cylinder group block,
+ * thus changes to (struct cg) must keep its size within MINBSIZE.
+ * Note that super blocks are always of size SBSIZE,
+ * and that both SBSIZE and MAXBSIZE must be >= MINBSIZE.
+ */
+#define MINBSIZE	4096
+
+/*
+ * The path name on which the file system is mounted is maintained
+ * in fs_fsmnt. MAXMNTLEN defines the amount of space allocated in 
+ * the super block for this name.
+ * The limit on the amount of summary information per file system
+ * is defined by MAXCSBUFS. It is currently parameterized for a
+ * maximum of two million cylinders.
+ */
+#define MAXMNTLEN 512
+#define MAXCSBUFS 32
+#define MAXFRAG 8
+
+/*
+ * Per cylinder group information; summarized in blocks allocated
+ * from first cylinder group data blocks.  These blocks have to be
+ * read in from fs_csaddr (size fs_cssize) in addition to the
+ * super block.
+ *
+ * N.B. sizeof(struct csum) must be a power of two in order for
+ * the ``fs_cs'' macro to work (see below).
+ */
+struct csum {
+	long	cs_ndir;	/* number of directories */
+	long	cs_nbfree;	/* number of free blocks */
+	long	cs_nifree;	/* number of free inodes */
+	long	cs_nffree;	/* number of free frags */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Super block for a file system.
+ */
+#define	FS_MAGIC	0x011954
+#define	FSOKAY		0x7c269d38
+struct	fs
+{
+	struct	fs *fs_link;		/* linked list of file systems */
+	struct	fs *fs_rlink;		/*     used for incore super blocks */
+	daddr_t	fs_sblkno;		/* addr of super-block in filesys */
+	daddr_t	fs_cblkno;		/* offset of cyl-block in filesys */
+	daddr_t	fs_iblkno;		/* offset of inode-blocks in filesys */
+	daddr_t	fs_dblkno;		/* offset of first data after cg */
+	long	fs_cgoffset;		/* cylinder group offset in cylinder */
+	long	fs_cgmask;		/* used to calc mod fs_ntrak */
+	long 	fs_time;    		/* last time written */
+	long	fs_size;		/* number of blocks in fs */
+	long	fs_dsize;		/* number of data blocks in fs */
+	long	fs_ncg;			/* number of cylinder groups */
+	long	fs_bsize;		/* size of basic blocks in fs */
+	long	fs_fsize;		/* size of frag blocks in fs */
+	long	fs_frag;		/* number of frags in a block in fs */
+/* these are configuration parameters */
+	long	fs_minfree;		/* minimum percentage of free blocks */
+	long	fs_rotdelay;		/* num of ms for optimal next block */
+	long	fs_rps;			/* disk revolutions per second */
+/* these fields can be computed from the others */
+	long	fs_bmask;		/* ``blkoff'' calc of blk offsets */
+	long	fs_fmask;		/* ``fragoff'' calc of frag offsets */
+	long	fs_bshift;		/* ``lblkno'' calc of logical blkno */
+	long	fs_fshift;		/* ``numfrags'' calc number of frags */
+/* these are configuration parameters */
+	long	fs_maxcontig;		/* max number of contiguous blks */
+	long	fs_maxbpg;		/* max number of blks per cyl group */
+/* these fields can be computed from the others */
+	long	fs_fragshift;		/* block to frag shift */
+	long	fs_fsbtodb;		/* fsbtodb and dbtofsb shift constant */
+	long	fs_sbsize;		/* actual size of super block */
+	long	fs_csmask;		/* csum block offset */
+	long	fs_csshift;		/* csum block number */
+	long	fs_nindir;		/* value of NINDIR */
+	long	fs_inopb;		/* value of INOPB */
+	long	fs_nspf;		/* value of NSPF */
+/* yet another configuration parameter */
+	long	fs_optim;		/* optimization preference, see below */
+/* these fields are derived from the hardware */
+	long	fs_npsect;		/* # sectors/track including spares */
+	long	fs_interleave;		/* hardware sector interleave */
+	long	fs_trackskew;		/* sector 0 skew, per track */
+	long	fs_headswitch;		/* head switch time, usec */
+	long	fs_trkseek;		/* track-to-track seek, usec */
+/* sizes determined by number of cylinder groups and their sizes */
+	daddr_t fs_csaddr;		/* blk addr of cyl grp summary area */
+	long	fs_cssize;		/* size of cyl grp summary area */
+	long	fs_cgsize;		/* cylinder group size */
+/* these fields are derived from the hardware */
+	long	fs_ntrak;		/* tracks per cylinder */
+	long	fs_nsect;		/* sectors per track */
+	long  	fs_spc;   		/* sectors per cylinder */
+/* this comes from the disk driver partitioning */
+	long	fs_ncyl;   		/* cylinders in file system */
+/* these fields can be computed from the others */
+	long	fs_cpg;			/* cylinders per group */
+	long	fs_ipg;			/* inodes per group */
+	long	fs_fpg;			/* blocks per group * fs_frag */
+/* this data must be re-computed after crashes */
+	struct	csum fs_cstotal;	/* cylinder summary information */
+/* these fields are cleared at mount time */
+	char   	fs_fmod;    		/* super block modified flag */
+	char   	fs_clean;    		/* file system is clean flag */
+	char   	fs_ronly;   		/* mounted read-only flag */
+	char   	fs_flags;   		/* currently unused flag */
+	char	fs_fsmnt[MAXMNTLEN];	/* name mounted on */
+/* these fields retain the current block allocation info */
+	long	fs_cgrotor;		/* last cg searched */
+	struct	csum *fs_csp[MAXCSBUFS];/* list of fs_cs info buffers */
+	long	fs_cpc;			/* cyl per cycle in postbl */
+	short	fs_opostbl[16][8];	/* old rotation block list head */
+	long	fs_sparecon[55];	/* reserved for future constants */
+	long	fs_state;		/* validate fs_clean field */
+	quad	fs_qbmask;		/* ~fs_bmask - for use with quad size */
+	quad	fs_qfmask;		/* ~fs_fmask - for use with quad size */
+	long	fs_postblformat;	/* format of positional layout tables */
+	long	fs_nrpos;		/* number of rotaional positions */
+	long	fs_postbloff;		/* (short) rotation block list head */
+	long	fs_rotbloff;		/* (u_char) blocks for each rotation */
+	long	fs_magic;		/* magic number */
+	unsigned char	fs_space[1];    /* list of blocks for each rotation */
+/* actually longer */
+};
+/*
+ * Preference for optimization.
+ */
+#define FS_OPTTIME	0	/* minimize allocation time */
+#define FS_OPTSPACE	1	/* minimize disk fragmentation */
+
+/*
+ * Rotational layout table format types
+ */
+#define FS_42POSTBLFMT		-1	/* 4.2BSD rotational table format */
+#define FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT	1	/* dynamic rotational table format */
+/*
+ * Macros for access to superblock array structures
+ */
+#define fs_postbl(cylno) \
+    ((sblock->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \
+    ? (sblock->fs_opostbl[cylno]) \
+    : ((short *)((char *)sblock + sblock->fs_postbloff) \
+       + (cylno) * sblock->fs_nrpos))
+#define fs_rotbl \
+    ((sblock->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \
+    ? (sblock->fs_space) \
+    : ((unsigned char *)((char *)sblock + sblock->fs_rotbloff)))
+
+/*
+ * Convert cylinder group to base address of its global summary info.
+ *
+ * N.B. This macro assumes that sizeof(struct csum) is a power of two.
+ */
+#define fs_cs(indx) \
+	fs_csp[(indx) >> sblock->fs_csshift][(indx) & ~sblock->fs_csmask]
+
+/*
+ * Cylinder group block for a file system.
+ */
+#define	CG_MAGIC	0x090255
+struct	cg {
+	struct	cg *cg_link;		/* linked list of cyl groups */
+	long	cg_magic;		/* magic number */
+	long	cg_time;		/* time last written */
+	long	cg_cgx;			/* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */
+	short	cg_ncyl;		/* number of cyl's this cg */
+	short	cg_niblk;		/* number of inode blocks this cg */
+	long	cg_ndblk;		/* number of data blocks this cg */
+	struct	csum cg_cs;		/* cylinder summary information */
+	long	cg_rotor;		/* position of last used block */
+	long	cg_frotor;		/* position of last used frag */
+	long	cg_irotor;		/* position of last used inode */
+	long	cg_frsum[MAXFRAG];	/* counts of available frags */
+	long	cg_btotoff;		/* (long) block totals per cylinder */
+	long	cg_boff;		/* (short) free block positions */
+	long	cg_iusedoff;		/* (char) used inode map */
+	long	cg_freeoff;		/* (u_char) free block map */
+	long	cg_nextfreeoff;		/* (u_char) next available space */
+	long	cg_sparecon[16];	/* reserved for future use */
+	unsigned char	cg_space[1];    /* space for cylinder group maps */
+/* actually longer */
+};
+/*
+ * Macros for access to cylinder group array structures
+ */
+#define cg_blktot(cgp) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_btot) \
+    : ((long *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_btotoff)))
+#define cg_blks(cgp, cylno) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_b[cylno]) \
+    : ((short *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_boff) + (cylno) * sblock->fs_nrpos))
+#define cg_inosused(cgp) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_iused) \
+    : ((char *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_iusedoff)))
+#define cg_blksfree(cgp) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_free) \
+    : ((unsigned char *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_freeoff)))
+#define cg_chkmagic(cgp) \
+    ((cgp)->cg_magic == CG_MAGIC || ((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_magic == CG_MAGIC)
+
+/*
+ * The following structure is defined
+ * for compatibility with old file systems.
+ */
+struct	ocg {
+	struct	ocg *cg_link;		/* linked list of cyl groups */
+	struct	ocg *cg_rlink;		/*     used for incore cyl groups */
+	long	cg_time;		/* time last written */
+	long	cg_cgx;			/* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */
+	short	cg_ncyl;		/* number of cyl's this cg */
+	short	cg_niblk;		/* number of inode blocks this cg */
+	long	cg_ndblk;		/* number of data blocks this cg */
+	struct	csum cg_cs;		/* cylinder summary information */
+	long	cg_rotor;		/* position of last used block */
+	long	cg_frotor;		/* position of last used frag */
+	long	cg_irotor;		/* position of last used inode */
+	long	cg_frsum[8];		/* counts of available frags */
+	long	cg_btot[32];		/* block totals per cylinder */
+	short	cg_b[32][8];		/* positions of free blocks */
+	char	cg_iused[256];		/* used inode map */
+	long	cg_magic;		/* magic number */
+	unsigned char cg_free[1];       /* free block map */
+/* actually longer */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Turn file system block numbers into disk block addresses.
+ * This maps file system blocks to device size blocks.
+ */
+#define fsbtodb(b)	((b) << sblock->fs_fsbtodb)
+#define	dbtofsb(b)	((b) >> sblock->fs_fsbtodb)
+
+/*
+ * Cylinder group macros to locate things in cylinder groups.
+ * They calc file system addresses of cylinder group data structures.
+ */
+#define	cgbase(c)	((daddr_t)(sblock->fs_fpg * (c)))
+#define cgstart(c) \
+	(cgbase(c) + sblock->fs_cgoffset * ((c) & ~(sblock->fs_cgmask)))
+#define	cgsblock(c)	(cgstart(c) + sblock->fs_sblkno)	/* super blk */
+#define	cgtod(c)	(cgstart(c) + sblock->fs_cblkno)	/* cg block */
+#define	cgimin(c)	(cgstart(c) + sblock->fs_iblkno)	/* inode blk */
+#define	cgdmin(c)	(cgstart(c) + sblock->fs_dblkno)	/* 1st data */
+
+/*
+ * Macros for handling inode numbers:
+ *     inode number to file system block offset.
+ *     inode number to cylinder group number.
+ *     inode number to file system block address.
+ */
+#define	itoo(x)	((x) % INOPB)
+#define	itog(x)	((x) / sblock->fs_ipg)
+#define	itod(x) \
+	((daddr_t)(cgimin(itog(x)) + \
+	(blkstofrags((((x) % sblock->fs_ipg) / INOPB)))))
+
+/*
+ * Give cylinder group number for a file system block.
+ * Give cylinder group block number for a file system block.
+ */
+#define	dtog(d)	((d) / sblock->fs_fpg)
+#define	dtogd(d)	((d) % sblock->fs_fpg)
+
+/*
+ * Extract the bits for a block from a map.
+ * Compute the cylinder and rotational position of a cyl block addr.
+ */
+#define blkmap(map, loc) \
+    (((map)[(loc) / NBBY] >> ((loc) % NBBY)) & (0xff >> (NBBY - sblock->fs_frag)))
+#define cbtocylno(bno) \
+    ((bno) * NSPF / sblock->fs_spc)
+#define cbtorpos(bno) \
+  (((bno) * NSPF % sblock->fs_spc / sblock->fs_nsect * sblock->fs_trackskew + \
+    (bno) * NSPF % sblock->fs_spc % sblock->fs_nsect * sblock->fs_interleave) % \
+   sblock->fs_nsect * sblock->fs_nrpos / sblock->fs_npsect)
+
+/*
+ * The following macros optimize certain frequently calculated
+ * quantities by using shifts and masks in place of divisions
+ * modulos and multiplications.
+ */
+#define blkoff(loc)		/* calculates (loc % fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	((loc) & ~sblock->fs_bmask)
+#define fragoff(loc)	/* calculates (loc % fs->fs_fsize) */ \
+	((loc) & ~sblock->fs_fmask)
+#define lblktosize(blk)	/* calculates (blk * fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	((blk) << sblock->fs_bshift)
+#define lblkno(loc)		/* calculates (loc / fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	((loc) >> sblock->fs_bshift)
+#define numfrags(loc)	/* calculates (loc / fs->fs_fsize) */ \
+	((loc) >> sblock->fs_fshift)
+#define blkroundup(size)	/* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	(((size) + sblock->fs_bsize - 1) & sblock->fs_bmask)
+#define fragroundup(size)	/* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_fsize) */ \
+	(((size) + sblock->fs_fsize - 1) & sblock->fs_fmask)
+#define fragstoblks(frags)	/* calculates (frags / fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((frags) >> sblock->fs_fragshift)
+#define blkstofrags(blks)	/* calculates (blks * fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((blks) << sblock->fs_fragshift)
+#define fragnum(fsb)	/* calculates (fsb % fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((fsb) & (sblock->fs_frag - 1))
+#define blknum(fsb)		/* calculates rounddown(fsb, fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((fsb) &~ (sblock->fs_frag - 1))
+
+/*
+ * Determine the number of available frags given a
+ * percentage to hold in reserve
+ */
+#define freespace(percentreserved) \
+	(blkstofrags(sblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree) + \
+	sblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree - (sblock->fs_dsize * (percentreserved) / 100))
+
+/*
+ * Determining the size of a file block in the file system.
+ */
+#define blksize(ip, lbn) \
+	(((lbn) >= NDADDR || (ip)->i_allocsize >= ((lbn) + 1) << sblock->fs_bshift) \
+	    ? sblock->fs_bsize \
+	    : (fragroundup(blkoff((ip)->i_allocsize))))
+#define dblksize(dip, lbn) \
+	(((lbn) >= NDADDR || (dip)->di_size >= ((lbn) + 1) << sblock->fs_bshift) \
+	    ? sblock->fs_bsize \
+	    : (fragroundup(blkoff((dip)->di_size))))
+
+/*
+ * Number of disk sectors per block; assumes DEV_BSIZE byte sector size.
+ */
+#define	NSPB	(sblock->fs_nspf << sblock->fs_fragshift)
+#define	NSPF	(sblock->fs_nspf)
+
+/*
+ * INOPB is the number of inodes in a secondary storage block.
+ */
+#define	INOPB	(sblock->fs_inopb)
+#define	INOPF	(sblock->fs_inopb >> sblock->fs_fragshift)
+
+/*
+ * NINDIR is the number of indirects in a file system block.
+ */
+#define	NINDIR	(sblock->fs_nindir)
+
+#ifdef KERNEL
+struct	fs *getfs();
+#endif