This is ../doc/mach.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from ../doc/mach.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION Kernel START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * GNUMach: (mach). Using and programming the GNU Mach microkernel. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY This file documents the GNU Mach microkernel. This is Edition 0.4, last updated 2001-09-01, of `The GNU Mach Reference Manual', for Version 1.3.99. Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "Free Software Needs Free Documentation" and "GNU Lesser General Public License", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development. This work is based on manual pages under the following copyright and license: Mach Operating System Copyright (C) 1991,1990 Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.  File: mach.info, Node: Commands, Next: Variables, Prev: Operation, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.2 Commands ============= `examine(x) [/MODIFIER] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD ]' Display the addressed locations according to the formats in the modifier. Multiple modifier formats display multiple locations. If no format is specified, the last formats specified for this command is used. Address space other than that of the current thread can be specified with `t' option in the modifier and THREAD parameter. The format characters are `b' look at by bytes(8 bits) `h' look at by half words(16 bits) `l' look at by long words(32 bits) `a' print the location being displayed `,' skip one unit producing no output `A' print the location with a line number if possible `x' display in unsigned hex `z' display in signed hex `o' display in unsigned octal `d' display in signed decimal `u' display in unsigned decimal `r' display in current radix, signed `c' display low 8 bits as a character. Non-printing characters are displayed as an octal escape code (e.g. '\000'). `s' display the null-terminated string at the location. Non-printing characters are displayed as octal escapes. `m' display in unsigned hex with character dump at the end of each line. The location is also displayed in hex at the beginning of each line. `i' display as an instruction `I' display as an instruction with possible alternate formats depending on the machine: `vax' don't assume that each external label is a procedure entry mask `i386' don't round to the next long word boundary `mips' print register contents `xf' Examine forward. It executes an examine command with the last specified parameters to it except that the next address displayed by it is used as the start address. `xb' Examine backward. It executes an examine command with the last specified parameters to it except that the last start address subtracted by the size displayed by it is used as the start address. `print[/axzodurc] ADDR1 [ ADDR2 ... ]' Print ADDR's according to the modifier character. Valid formats are: `a' `x' `z' `o' `d' `u' `r' `c'. If no modifier is specified, the last one specified to it is used. ADDR can be a string, and it is printed as it is. For example, print/x "eax = " $eax "\necx = " $ecx "\n" will print like eax = xxxxxx ecx = yyyyyy `write[/bhlt] ADDR [ THREAD ] EXPR1 [ EXPR2 ... ]' Write the expressions at succeeding locations. The write unit size can be specified in the modifier with a letter b (byte), h (half word) or l(long word) respectively. If omitted, long word is assumed. Target address space can also be specified with `t' option in the modifier and THREAD parameter. Warning: since there is no delimiter between expressions, strange things may happen. It's best to enclose each expression in parentheses. `set $VARIABLE [=] EXPR' Set the named variable or register with the value of EXPR. Valid variable names are described below. `break[/tuTU] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD1 ... ]' Set a break point at ADDR. If count is supplied, continues (COUNT-1) times before stopping at the break point. If the break point is set, a break point number is printed with `#'. This number can be used in deleting the break point or adding conditions to it. `t' Set a break point only for a specific thread. The thread is specified by THREAD parameter, or default one is used if the parameter is omitted. `u' Set a break point in user space address. It may be combined with `t' or `T' option to specify the non-current target user space. Without `u' option, the address is considered in the kernel space, and wrong space address is rejected with an error message. This option can be used only if it is supported by machine dependent routines. `T' Set a break point only for threads in a specific task. It is like `t' option except that the break point is valid for all threads which belong to the same task as the specified target thread. `U' Set a break point in shared user space address. It is like `u' option, except that the break point is valid for all threads which share the same address space even if `t' option is specified. `t' option is used only to specify the target shared space. Without `t' option, `u' and `U' have the same meanings. `U' is useful for setting a user space break point in non-current address space with `t' option such as in an emulation library space. This option can be used only if it is supported by machine dependent routines. Warning: if a user text is shadowed by a normal user space debugger, user space break points may not work correctly. Setting a break point at the low-level code paths may also cause strange behavior. `delete[/tuTU] ADDR|#NUMBER [ THREAD1 ... ]' Delete the break point. The target break point can be specified by a break point number with `#', or by ADDR like specified in `break' command. `cond #NUMBER [ CONDITION COMMANDS ]' Set or delete a condition for the break point specified by the NUMBER. If the CONDITION and COMMANDS are null, the condition is deleted. Otherwise the condition is set for it. When the break point is hit, the CONDITION is evaluated. The COMMANDS will be executed if the condition is true and the break point count set by a break point command becomes zero. COMMANDS is a list of commands separated by semicolons. Each command in the list is executed in that order, but if a `continue' command is executed, the command execution stops there, and the stopped thread resumes execution. If the command execution reaches the end of the list, and it enters into a command input mode. For example, set $work0 0 break/Tu xxx_start $task7.0 cond #1 (1) set $work0 1; set $work1 0; cont break/T vm_fault $task7.0 cond #2 ($work0) set $work1 ($work1+1); cont break/Tu xxx_end $task7.0 cond #3 ($work0) print $work1 " faults\n"; set $work0 0 cont will print page fault counts from `xxx_start' to `xxx_end' in `task7'. `step[/p] [,COUNT]' Single step COUNT times. If `p' option is specified, print each instruction at each step. Otherwise, only print the last instruction. Warning: depending on machine type, it may not be possible to single-step through some low-level code paths or user space code. On machines with software-emulated single-stepping (e.g., pmax), stepping through code executed by interrupt handlers will probably do the wrong thing. `continue[/c]' Continue execution until a breakpoint or watchpoint. If `/c', count instructions while executing. Some machines (e.g., pmax) also count loads and stores. Warning: when counting, the debugger is really silently single-stepping. This means that single-stepping on low-level code may cause strange behavior. `until' Stop at the next call or return instruction. `next[/p]' Stop at the matching return instruction. If `p' option is specified, print the call nesting depth and the cumulative instruction count at each call or return. Otherwise, only print when the matching return is hit. `match[/p]' A synonym for `next'. `trace[/tu] [ FRAME_ADDR|THREAD ][,COUNT]' Stack trace. `u' option traces user space; if omitted, only traces kernel space. If `t' option is specified, it shows the stack trace of the specified thread or a default target thread. Otherwise, it shows the stack trace of the current thread from the frame address specified by a parameter or from the current frame. COUNT is the number of frames to be traced. If the COUNT is omitted, all frames are printed. Warning: If the target thread's stack is not in the main memory at that time, the stack trace will fail. User space stack trace is valid only if the machine dependent code supports it. `search[/bhl] ADDR VALUE [MASK] [,COUNT]' Search memory for a value. This command might fail in interesting ways if it doesn't find the searched-for value. This is because `ddb' doesn't always recover from touching bad memory. The optional count argument limits the search. `macro NAME COMMANDS' Define a debugger macro as NAME. COMMANDS is a list of commands to be associated with the macro. In the expressions of the command list, a variable `$argxx' can be used to get a parameter passed to the macro. When a macro is called, each argument is evaluated as an expression, and the value is assigned to each parameter, `$arg1', `$arg2', ... respectively. 10 `$arg' variables are reserved to each level of macros, and they can be used as local variables. The nesting of macro can be allowed up to 5 levels. For example, macro xinit set $work0 $arg1 macro xlist examine/m $work0,4; set $work0 *($work0) xinit *(xxx_list) xlist .... will print the contents of a list starting from `xxx_list' by each `xlist' command. `dmacro NAME' Delete the macro named NAME. `show all threads[/ul]' Display all tasks and threads information. This version of `ddb' prints more information than previous one. It shows UNIX process information like `ps' for each task. The UNIX process information may not be shown if it is not supported in the machine, or the bottom of the stack of the target task is not in the main memory at that time. It also shows task and thread identification numbers. These numbers can be used to specify a task or a thread symbolically in various commands. The numbers are valid only in the same debugger session. If the execution is resumed again, the numbers may change. The current thread can be distinguished from others by a `#' after the thread id instead of `:'. Without `l' option, it only shows thread id, thread structure address and the status for each thread. The status consists of 5 letters, R(run), W(wait), S(sus­ pended), O(swapped out) and N(interruptible), and if corresponding status bit is off, `.' is printed instead. If `l' option is specified, more detail information is printed for each thread. `show task [ ADDR ]' Display the information of a task specified by ADDR. If ADDR is omitted, current task information is displayed. `show thread [ ADDR ]' Display the information of a thread specified by ADDR. If ADDR is omitted, current thread information is displayed. `show registers[/tu [ THREAD ]]' Display the register set. Target thread can be specified with `t' option and THREAD parameter. If `u' option is specified, it displays user registers instead of kernel or currently saved one. Warning: The support of `t' and `u' option depends on the machine. If not supported, incorrect information will be displayed. `show map ADDR' Prints the `vm_map' at ADDR. `show object ADDR' Prints the `vm_object' at ADDR. `show page ADDR' Prints the `vm_page' structure at ADDR. `show port ADDR' Prints the `ipc_port' structure at ADDR. `show ipc_port[/t [ THREAD ]]' Prints all `ipc_port' structure's addresses the target thread has. The target thread is a current thread or that specified by a parameter. `show macro [ NAME ]' Show the definitions of macros. If NAME is specified, only the definition of it is displayed. Otherwise, definitions of all macros are displayed. `show watches' Displays all watchpoints. `watch[/T] ADDR,SIZE [ TASK ]' Set a watchpoint for a region. Execution stops when an attempt to modify the region occurs. The SIZE argument defaults to 4. Without `T' option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address. If you want to set a watch point in user space, specify `T' and TASK parameter where the address belongs to. If the TASK parameter is omitted, a task of the default target thread or a current task is assumed. If you specify a wrong space address, the request is rejected with an error message. Warning: Attempts to watch wired kernel memory may cause unrecoverable error in some systems such as i386. Watchpoints on user addresses work best.  File: mach.info, Node: Variables, Next: Expressions, Prev: Commands, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.3 Variables ============== The debugger accesses registers and variables as $NAME. Register names are as in the `show registers' command. Some variables are suffixed with numbers, and may have some modifier following a colon immediately after the variable name. For example, register variables can have `u' and `t' modifier to indicate user register and that of a default target thread instead of that of the current thread (e.g. `$eax:tu'). Built-in variables currently supported are: `taskXX[.YY]' Task or thread structure address. XX and YY are task and thread identification numbers printed by a `show all threads' command respectively. This variable is read only. `thread' The default target thread. The value is used when `t' option is specified without explicit thread structure address parameter in command lines or expression evaluation. `radix' Input and output radix `maxoff' Addresses are printed as SYMBOL+OFFSET unless offset is greater than maxoff. `maxwidth' The width of the displayed line. `lines' The number of lines. It is used by `more' feature. `tabstops' Tab stop width. `argXX' Parameters passed to a macro. XX can be 1 to 10. `workXX' Work variable. XX can be 0 to 31.  File: mach.info, Node: Expressions, Prev: Variables, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.4 Expressions ================ Almost all expression operators in C are supported except `~', `^', and unary `&'. Special rules in `ddb' are: `IDENTIFIER' name of a symbol. It is translated to the address(or value) of it. `.' and `:' can be used in the identifier. If supported by an object format dependent routine, [FILE_NAME:]FUNC[:LINE_NUMBER] [FILE_NAME:]VARIABLE, and FILE_NAME[:LINE_NUMBER] can be accepted as a symbol. The symbol may be prefixed with `SYMBOL_TABLE_NAME::' like `emulator::mach_msg_trap' to specify other than kernel symbols. `NUMBER' radix is determined by the first two letters: `0x' hex `0o' octal `0t' decimal otherwise, follow current radix. `.' dot `+' next `..' address of the start of the last line examined. Unlike dot or next, this is only changed by `examine' or `write' command. `´' last address explicitly specified. `$VARIABLE' register name or variable. It is translated to the value of it. It may be followed by a `:' and modifiers as described above. `a' multiple of right hand side. `*EXPR' indirection. It may be followed by a `:' and modifiers as described above.  File: mach.info, Node: Copying, Next: Documentation License, Prev: Kernel Debugger, Up: Top Appendix A GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ************************************* Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. A.0.1 Preamble -------------- The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 2. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 3. 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Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 6. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 7. 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The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 11. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 13. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ============================================= If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.  File: mach.info, Node: Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top Appendix B Documentation License ******************************** This manual is copyrighted and licensed under the GNU Free Documentation license. Parts of this manual are derived from the Mach manual packages originally provided by Carnegie Mellon University. * Menu: * Free Documentation License:: The GNU Free Documentation License. * CMU License:: The CMU license applies to the original Mach kernel and its documentation.  File: mach.info, Node: Free Documentation License, Next: CMU License, Up: Documentation License B.1 GNU Free Documentation License ================================== Version 1.1, March 2000 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) 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TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. B.1.0.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ............................................................ To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.  File: mach.info, Node: CMU License, Prev: Free Documentation License, Up: Documentation License B.2 CMU License =============== Mach Operating System Copyright (C) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 or any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to redistribute these changes.  File: mach.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Data Index, Prev: Documentation License, Up: Top Concept Index ************* [index] * Menu: * communication between tasks: Major Concepts. (line 6) * composing messages: Message Format. (line 6) * device port: Device Interface. (line 13) * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: Free Documentation License. (line 6) * format of a message: Message Format. (line 6) * GPL, GNU General Public License: Copying. (line 6) * GRand Unified Bootloader: Bootloader. (line 13) * GRUB: Bootloader. (line 13) * host control port: Host Ports. (line 34) * host interface: Host Interface. (line 6) * host name port: Host Ports. (line 6) * host ports: Host Ports. (line 6) * interprocess communication (IPC): Major Concepts. (line 6) * IPC (interprocess communication): Major Concepts. (line 6) * IPC space port: Port Manipulation Interface. (line 9) * message composition: Message Format. (line 6) * message format: Message Format. (line 6) * messages: Major Concepts. (line 6) * moving port rights: Exchanging Port Rights. (line 6) * port representing a device: Device Interface. (line 13) * port representing a processor: Processor Interface. (line 6) * port representing a processor set name: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * port representing a task: Task Interface. (line 6) * port representing a thread: Thread Interface. (line 6) * port representing a virtual memory map: Virtual Memory Interface. (line 6) * port representing an IPC space: Port Manipulation Interface. (line 9) * ports representing a host: Host Ports. (line 6) * ports representing a processor set: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * processor port: Processor Interface. (line 6) * processor set name port: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * processor set port: Processor Set Ports. (line 13) * processor set ports: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * receiving memory: Memory. (line 6) * receiving port rights: Exchanging Port Rights. (line 6) * remote procedure calls (RPC): Major Concepts. (line 6) * RPC (remote procedure calls): Major Concepts. (line 6) * sending memory: Memory. (line 6) * sending messages: Message Send. (line 6) * sending port rights: Exchanging Port Rights. (line 6) * serverboot: Modules. (line 6) * task port: Task Interface. (line 6) * thread port: Thread Interface. (line 6) * virtual memory map port: Virtual Memory Interface. (line 6)  File: mach.info, Node: Function and Data Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Function and Data Index *********************** [index] * Menu: * catch_exception_raise: Exceptions. (line 9) * device_close: Device Close. (line 7) * device_get_status: Device Status. (line 20) * device_map: Device Map. (line 9) * device_open: Device Open. (line 8) * device_open_request: Device Open. (line 36) * device_read: Device Read. (line 9) * device_read_inband: Device Read. (line 27) * device_read_request: Device Read. (line 34) * device_read_request_inband: Device Read. (line 51) * device_reply_server: Device Reply Server. (line 12) * device_set_filter: Device Filter. (line 10) * device_set_status: Device Status. (line 9) * device_t: Device Interface. (line 14) * device_write: Device Write. (line 9) * device_write_inband: Device Write. (line 24) * device_write_request: Device Write. (line 31) * device_write_request_inband: Device Write. (line 49) * ds_device_open_reply: Device Open. (line 39) * ds_device_read_reply: Device Read. (line 37) * ds_device_read_reply_inband: Device Read. (line 54) * ds_device_write_reply: Device Write. (line 34) * ds_device_write_reply_inband: Device Write. (line 52) * evc_wait: Exceptions. (line 18) * exception_raise: Exceptions. (line 15) * host_adjust_time: Host Time. (line 43) * host_basic_info_t: Host Information. (line 75) * host_get_boot_info: Host Information. (line 114) * host_get_time: Host Time. (line 34) * host_info: Host Information. (line 9) * host_kernel_version: Host Information. (line 96) * host_priv_t: Host Ports. (line 35) * host_processor_set_priv: Processor Set Access. (line 25) * host_processor_sets: Processor Set Access. (line 9) * host_processors: Hosted Processors. (line 9) * host_reboot: Host Reboot. (line 8) * host_sched_info_t: Host Information. (line 92) * host_set_time: Host Time. (line 39) * host_t: Host Ports. (line 7) * ipc_space_t: Port Manipulation Interface. (line 10) * mach_host_self: Host Ports. (line 14) * mach_msg: Mach Message Call. (line 13) * mach_msg_bits_t: Message Format. (line 21) * mach_msg_header_t: Message Format. (line 33) * mach_msg_id_t: Message Format. (line 29) * mach_msg_size_t: Message Format. (line 25) * mach_msg_timeout_t: Mach Message Call. (line 61) * mach_msg_type_long_t: Message Format. (line 248) * mach_msg_type_name_t: Message Format. (line 128) * mach_msg_type_number_t: Message Format. (line 138) * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY: Message Format. (line 234) * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_RIGHT: Message Format. (line 244) * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_SEND: Message Format. (line 239) * mach_msg_type_size_t: Message Format. (line 133) * mach_msg_type_t: Message Format. (line 143) * MACH_MSGH_BITS: Message Format. (line 96) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_LOCAL: Message Format. (line 108) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_OTHER: Message Format. (line 117) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_PORTS: Message Format. (line 112) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_REMOTE: Message Format. (line 103) * mach_port_allocate: Port Creation. (line 8) * mach_port_allocate_name: Port Creation. (line 66) * mach_port_deallocate: Port Destruction. (line 8) * mach_port_destroy: Port Destruction. (line 30) * mach_port_extract_right: Ports and other Tasks. (line 59) * mach_port_get_receive_status: Receive Rights. (line 57) * mach_port_get_refs: Port Rights. (line 9) * mach_port_get_set_status: Port Sets. (line 9) * mach_port_insert_right: Ports and other Tasks. (line 9) * mach_port_mod_refs: Port Rights. (line 42) * mach_port_move_member: Port Sets. (line 28) * mach_port_mscount_t: Receive Rights. (line 11) * mach_port_msgcount_t: Receive Rights. (line 15) * mach_port_names: Port Names. (line 9) * mach_port_rename: Port Names. (line 77) * mach_port_request_notification: Request Notifications. (line 10) * mach_port_rights_t: Receive Rights. (line 19) * mach_port_seqno_t: Receive Rights. (line 7) * mach_port_set_mscount: Receive Rights. (line 73) * mach_port_set_qlimit: Receive Rights. (line 90) * mach_port_set_seqno: Receive Rights. (line 108) * mach_port_status_t: Receive Rights. (line 23) * mach_port_t: Message Format. (line 14) * mach_port_type: Port Names. (line 35) * mach_reply_port: Port Creation. (line 48) * mach_task_self: Task Information. (line 7) * mach_thread_self: Thread Information. (line 7) * mapped_time_value_t: Host Time. (line 51) * memory_object_change_attributes: Memory Object Attributes. (line 30) * memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes. (line 63) * memory_object_copy: Memory Objects and Data. (line 209) * memory_object_create: Default Memory Manager. (line 30) * memory_object_data_error: Memory Objects and Data. (line 157) * memory_object_data_initialize: Default Memory Manager. (line 73) * memory_object_data_provided: Memory Objects and Data. (line 289) * memory_object_data_request: Memory Objects and Data. (line 49) * memory_object_data_return: Memory Objects and Data. (line 11) * memory_object_data_supply: Memory Objects and Data. (line 84) * memory_object_data_unavailable: Memory Objects and Data. (line 177) * memory_object_data_unlock: Memory Object Locking. (line 85) * memory_object_data_write: Memory Objects and Data. (line 260) * memory_object_default_server: Memory Object Server. (line 10) * memory_object_destroy: Memory Object Termination. (line 37) * memory_object_get_attributes: Memory Object Attributes. (line 10) * memory_object_init: Memory Object Creation. (line 11) * memory_object_lock_completed: Memory Object Locking. (line 59) * memory_object_lock_request: Memory Object Locking. (line 11) * memory_object_ready: Memory Object Creation. (line 52) * memory_object_server: Memory Object Server. (line 8) * memory_object_set_attributes: Memory Object Attributes. (line 82) * memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data. (line 127) * memory_object_terminate: Memory Object Termination. (line 10) * processor_assign: Processors and Sets. (line 8) * processor_basic_info_t: Processor Info. (line 67) * processor_control: Processor Control. (line 10) * processor_exit: Processor Control. (line 8) * processor_get_assignment: Processors and Sets. (line 32) * processor_info: Processor Info. (line 9) * processor_set_basic_info_t: Processor Set Info. (line 75) * processor_set_create: Processor Set Creation. (line 8) * processor_set_default: Processor Set Access. (line 36) * processor_set_destroy: Processor Set Destruction. (line 8) * processor_set_info: Processor Set Info. (line 10) * processor_set_max_priority: Processor Set Priority. (line 9) * processor_set_name_t: Processor Set Ports. (line 7) * processor_set_policy_disable: Processor Set Policy. (line 11) * processor_set_policy_enable: Processor Set Policy. (line 8) * processor_set_sched_info_t: Processor Set Info. (line 93) * processor_set_t: Processor Set Ports. (line 14) * processor_set_tasks: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 9) * processor_set_threads: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 23) * processor_start: Processor Control. (line 7) * processor_t: Processor Interface. (line 7) * sampled_pc_flavor_t: Profiling. (line 67) * sampled_pc_t: Profiling. (line 52) * seqnos_memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes. (line 67) * seqnos_memory_object_copy: Memory Objects and Data. (line 214) * seqnos_memory_object_create: Default Memory Manager. (line 35) * seqnos_memory_object_data_initialize: Default Memory Manager. (line 77) * seqnos_memory_object_data_request: Memory Objects and Data. (line 53) * seqnos_memory_object_data_return: Memory Objects and Data. (line 16) * seqnos_memory_object_data_unlock: Memory Object Locking. (line 89) * seqnos_memory_object_data_write: Memory Objects and Data. (line 264) * seqnos_memory_object_default_server: Memory Object Server. (line 14) * seqnos_memory_object_init: Memory Object Creation. (line 16) * seqnos_memory_object_lock_completed: Memory Object Locking. (line 63) * seqnos_memory_object_server: Memory Object Server. (line 12) * seqnos_memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data. (line 132) * seqnos_memory_object_terminate: Memory Object Termination. (line 14) * struct host_basic_info: Host Information. (line 48) * struct host_sched_info: Host Information. (line 78) * struct processor_basic_info: Processor Info. (line 44) * struct processor_set_basic_info: Processor Set Info. (line 51) * struct processor_set_sched_info: Processor Set Info. (line 78) * struct task_basic_info: Task Information. (line 82) * struct task_events_info: Task Information. (line 114) * struct task_thread_times_info: Task Information. (line 145) * struct thread_basic_info: Thread Information. (line 66) * struct thread_sched_info: Thread Information. (line 128) * swtch: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 81) * swtch_pri: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 93) * task_assign: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 36) * task_assign_default: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 49) * task_basic_info_t: Task Information. (line 111) * task_create: Task Creation. (line 8) * task_disable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 22) * task_enable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 8) * task_events_info_t: Task Information. (line 142) * task_get_assignment: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 60) * task_get_bootstrap_port: Task Special Ports. (line 42) * task_get_emulation_vector: Syscall Emulation. (line 9) * task_get_exception_port: Task Special Ports. (line 36) * task_get_kernel_port: Task Special Ports. (line 30) * task_get_sampled_pcs: Profiling. (line 36) * task_get_special_port: Task Special Ports. (line 8) * task_info: Task Information. (line 44) * task_priority: Task Execution. (line 29) * task_ras_control: Task Execution. (line 47) * task_resume: Task Execution. (line 19) * task_set_bootstrap_port: Task Special Ports. (line 78) * task_set_emulation: Syscall Emulation. (line 22) * task_set_emulation_vector: Syscall Emulation. (line 15) * task_set_exception_port: Task Special Ports. (line 72) * task_set_kernel_port: Task Special Ports. (line 66) * task_set_special_port: Task Special Ports. (line 48) * task_suspend: Task Execution. (line 7) * task_t: Task Interface. (line 7) * task_terminate: Task Termination. (line 7) * task_thread_times_info_t: Task Information. (line 159) * task_threads: Task Information. (line 33) * thread_abort: Thread Execution. (line 38) * thread_assign: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 72) * thread_assign_default: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 85) * thread_basic_info_t: Thread Information. (line 125) * thread_create: Thread Creation. (line 8) * thread_depress_abort: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 74) * thread_disable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 24) * thread_enable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 10) * thread_get_assignment: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 96) * thread_get_exception_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 27) * thread_get_kernel_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 21) * thread_get_sampled_pcs: Profiling. (line 39) * thread_get_special_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 8) * thread_get_state: Thread Execution. (line 102) * thread_info: Thread Information. (line 33) * thread_max_priority: Thread Priority. (line 38) * thread_policy: Scheduling Policy. (line 8) * thread_priority: Thread Priority. (line 20) * thread_resume: Thread Execution. (line 29) * thread_sched_info_t: Thread Information. (line 159) * thread_set_exception_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 52) * thread_set_kernel_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 46) * thread_set_special_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 33) * thread_set_state: Thread Execution. (line 126) * thread_suspend: Thread Execution. (line 7) * thread_switch: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 8) * thread_t: Thread Interface. (line 7) * thread_terminate: Thread Termination. (line 7) * thread_wire: Thread Settings. (line 8) * time_value_add: Host Time. (line 25) * time_value_add_usec: Host Time. (line 21) * time_value_t: Host Time. (line 7) * vm_allocate: Memory Allocation. (line 8) * vm_copy: Data Transfer. (line 53) * vm_deallocate: Memory Deallocation. (line 8) * vm_inherit: Memory Attributes. (line 70) * vm_machine_attribute: Memory Attributes. (line 134) * vm_map: Mapping Memory Objects. (line 11) * vm_protect: Memory Attributes. (line 36) * vm_read: Data Transfer. (line 9) * vm_region: Memory Attributes. (line 11) * vm_set_default_memory_manager: Default Memory Manager. (line 8) * vm_statistics: Memory Statistics. (line 52) * vm_statistics_data_t: Memory Statistics. (line 7) * vm_task_t: Virtual Memory Interface. (line 7) * vm_wire: Memory Attributes. (line 101) * vm_write: Data Transfer. (line 34)