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There is static and dynamic code analysis.  This overlaps with [[debugging]].

  * [[GCC]]'s warnings.  Yes, really.

  * [Static Source Code Analysis Tools for C](http://spinroot.com/static/)

  * [[!wikipedia List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis]]

  * Coccinelle

      * <http://lwn.net/Articles/315686/>

      * <http://www.google.com/search?q=coccinelle+analysis>

  * clang

      * <http://www.google.com/search?q=clang+analysis>

  * Linux' sparse

      * <https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/>

  * <http://klee.llvm.org/>

      * <http://blog.llvm.org/2010/04/whats-wrong-with-this-code.html>

  * [[Valgrind]]

  * [Smatch](http://smatch.sourceforge.net/)

  * [Parfait](http://labs.oracle.com/projects/parfait/)

      * <http://lwn.net/Articles/344003/>

  * [Saturn](http://saturn.stanford.edu/)

  * [Flawfinder](http://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/)

  * [sixgill](http://sixgill.org/)

  * [Coverity](http://www.coverity.com/) -- commercial?

  * <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Fence>

      * <http://sourceforge.net/projects/duma/>

  * <http://wiki.debian.org/Hardening>

  * <https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags>