[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] This page discusses things for [[Unix]] systems, there is a separate page for [[Microsoft_Windows]] systems. See the discussion about [[hurd/running/qemu/writeback_caching]]. # Readily Available Images You can use the following images to give the GNU/Hurd a try. ## Debian GNU/Hurd [[!inline pages=hurd/running/debian/qemu_image raw=yes feeds=no]] ## [[Nix]] ## Unofficial Images Note that the following images are unofficial ones: they have been prepared by volunteers and may not have been tested extensively. * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) with a short intro on translators. Just start it with `qemu -m 512 -drive cache=writeback,index=0,media=disk,file=disk_image.img`. It should work without any of the configuration below. If you want to know what you can do with it, please have a look at [[its_wikipage|hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image]]. And when you use it, please [tell me your experience with it](http://draketo.de/contact)! - [[community/weblogs/ArneBab]] # Arch Hurd Live CD Also you can use QEMU to easily try one of the [[Hurd_LiveCDs|hurd/running/live_cd/]]. # What is Needed to create a QEMU image ## Debian Installer Instructions for creating a qemu image from the install CDs from debian installer can be found in the README alongside the d-i Hurd images: ## Old method 1. First thing is to install [[/QEMU]]. 2. A [[grub]] boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it and renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well. 3. You will need a [Debian/Hurd installation CD](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd). K16 works fine. # KVM acceleration Check if your CPU supports kvm: $ egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo #### If you don't have hardware support (slow): $ apt-get install qemu Do not enable kernel-kqemu, as that assumes some particular behavior from the guest kernel, which we are reluctant to artificially add to gnumach. If QEMU with KVM is not available, [[Virtualbox]] reportedly has better performance. #### If you have hardware support (recommended): $ apt-get install qemu-kvm $ modprobe kvm Intel VTx/VTd: Enable Intel kvm in the BIOS On a HP xw4600 Workstation: F10, Security->System Security; Enable VTx and VTd Check that the kvm module is loaded: $ lsmod|grep kvm kvm_intel 38050 0 kvm 213800 1 kvm_intel $ ls -l /dev/kvm crw-rw----+ 1 root kvm 10, 232 Mar 14 15:02 /dev/kvm Add yourself to the kvm group: $ adduser your_user kvm; logout; login AMD SVM (AMD-V): Enable AMD-V in the BIOS if not enabled. Check that the kvm module is loaded: $ lsmod|grep kvm kvm_amd 31862 0 kvm 214088 1 kvm_amd More info on kvm at: http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ If your machine supports hardware acceleration, you should really use the kvm variant of qemu, as it speeds things quite a lot. Note however that kvm tends to make assumptions when accelerating things in the linux kernel, you may need some -no-kvm-something option. At the moment in Debian you need to pass -no-kvm-irqchip to the command line, see below, if you are running Linux kernels 2.6.37 or 2.6.38 else IRQs may hang sooner or later. The kvm irq problems will be solved in kernel 2.6.39. /!\ Note that there are known performance issues with KVM on Linux 2.6.39 kernels, compared to 2.6.32: [[!debbug 634149]]. We're preparing on a change on our side to work around this. # HAP/EPT/NPT acceleration Performance will be yet better if HAP (EPT or NPT) is available: $ grep ept /proc/cpuinfo $ grep npt /proc/cpuinfo # Installing Debian/Hurd with QEMU using the Debian installer Note: If you have hardware support, replace the qemu commands below with kvm, e.g. qemu-ing -> kvm-img. First off you will need to create a disk image using `qemu-img`. I have set mine to 4 GiB, although you should be able to get away with less. $ qemu-img create hd0.img 4G Next you will want to start up QEMU and begin the installation process. $ qemu -m 512 -drive cache=writeback,index=0,media=disk,file=hd0.img -cdrom mini.iso -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user Now at his point do the regular install using `hd0` as your harddrive. Partition it and install the base system. In the installer make your choice of install option: Default install (or your choice) Language: English Country, territory or area: your_choice Locale: your_choice Note that even if you can set the country and locale, your local keyboard is not yet supported. In case of problems with timezone or locale settings do the following after the installation is completed To get the correct timezone: $ dpkg-reconfigure tzdata To get your locale setting: $ nano /etc/locale.gen $ locale-gen Network: Now configured automatically with dhcp IP address: 10.0.2.15 Netmask: 255.255.0.0 Gateway: 10.0.2.2 Nameserver: 10.0.2.3 Qemu network setup: QEMU VLAN <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet | (10.0.2.2) | ----> DNS server (10.0.2.3) | ----> SMB server (10.0.2.4) Partitioning method: Guided (or your choice) Partitioning `/dev/hd0`: All files in one partition. **Important**: Since partman does not yet mount other partitions than / automatically at reboot, it is crucial that you choose this option for now. Once you have finished installing the base system (might take some time) the system is rebooted and next boot will be from the hard disk. Now you are able to log in to your newly installed GNU/Hurd system. Also see another text about how to [[gnu/create_an_image]] for the [[GNU_system|gnu]]. ## Running the installed system Starting qemu/qemu-kvm: $ kvm -m 512 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:22 -drive cache=writeback,index=0,media=disk,file=hd0.img -vga vmware vmsvga_value_write: guest runs Linux. Note: See below on port forwarding in the networking section. Note: Using the vmware vga driver is useful for setting up X windows, see [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install) If you have problems with grub hanging during boot with the vmware vga driver: Disable the graphic boot $ nano /etc/default/grub uncomment GRUB_TERMINAL=console $ /usr/sbin/update-grub ### A few words about the qemu console During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys: -f Toggle full screen -u Restore the screen's un-scaled dimensions -n Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are: 1 Target system display 2 Monitor 3 Serial port Toggle mouse and keyboard grab. # Transferring Files ## Mounting Disk Image on Host You may wish to mount your disk image on your host system to transfer files. To do this you will first need to find the offset of the partition you wish to mount. # fdisk -ul hd0.img ... 128 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System hd0.img1 * 63 3515903 1757920+ 83 Linux hd0.img2 3515904 4193279 338688 82 Linux swap / Solaris Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply it by the sector size. My partition starts at sector 63 and I have a sector size of 512 therefore my offset is 32256. For a start at 2048 the ofsset is 1048576. # mount -o loop,offset=32256 hd0.img /mnt/diskimage ## Having QEMU create *virtual FAT disk images* [Link to the manual](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC25). QEMU has a facility to create FAT file systems on-the-fly: qemu [...] -hdc fat:[somewhere] The Hurd [[`fatfs`_translator|translator/fatfs]] currently is read-only, but for testing executables (etc.) that is enough. And it is much easier than loop-mounting the file systems images. (Also you don't need `root' rights.) However, note that there is a bug in [[translator/fatfs]]: [[!GNU_Savannah_bug 25961]]. # Networking in QEMU Some further notes about [[networking]] and home hints about [[networking/sharing_files]]. ## Internet Access If you just want to access the internet from within QEMU, you can setup pfinet for QEMU's user-networking: # settrans -afgp /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0 # echo "nameserver 10.0.2.3" > /etc/resolv.conf If you are on [[Debian GNU/Hurd|debian]], you can even use [[debian/DHCP]]. To get ssh working: # apt-get install random-egd openssh-server (Similarly for telnet if preferred) (See also .) Outgoing internet connections should just work then. Testing it can be difficult with a minimal installation, but `apt-get update` should work after you have filled out `/etc/apt/sources.list`. After that you should be able to install other network packages, but note that `ping` doesn't work with QEMU's user-networking stack. If you want to connect from the host system to the Hurd system running in QEMU, you can use port forwarding in QEMU or to setup something more advanced, like bridged networking. ## Port Forwarding in QEMU (In the following we assume we use kvm!) #### Logging in to Hurd from a terminal in your host system This is the recommended way to work with a Command Line Interface (CLI) since all your keyboard and locale settings are preserved. a) with ssh (assuming you have installed openssh-server) $ kvm -m 512 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:22 -drive cache=writeback,index=0,media=disk,file=hd0.img & Logging in to the running Hurd: $ ssh -p5555 localhost Copying files: 1) On your host To Hurd: scp -p -P5555 file localhost: From Hurd: scp -p -P5555 localhost:file . 2) On Hurd To host: scp -p file {10.0.2.2,your_host_ip}: . From host: scp -p {10.0.2.2,your_host_ip}:file . b) with telnet (assuming you have installed a telnet server, like telnetd) $ kvm -m 512 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5556-:23 -drive cache=writeback,index=0,media=disk,file=hurd-install.qemu & Logging in to the running Hurd: $ telnet localhost 5556 c) With the tap interface, see below. ## Bridged Networking ### What is Needed 1. Your Linux kernel will need 802.1d Ethernet Bridging support and TUN/TAP device driver support. 2. You will need to install [bridge-utils](http://bridge.sourceforge.net). ### Setting Up the Host Bridge You need to setup a bridge on the host first. This assumes `eth0` is down. I have modified my hosts network startup scripts to automatically setup a bridge, you may want to do this also. # brctl addbr br0 # ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up # brctl addif br0 eth0 At this point you will need to setup `br0` as you would normally `eth0` (`dhcpcd br0` for example). ### The qemu-ifup Script This script gets called when QEMU starts and will attach the tun device to the bridge. QEMU will look for this file at `/etc/qemu-ifup` and that is where I keep mine. #!/bin/sh sudo ifconfig $1 0.0.0.0 promisc up sudo brctl addif br0 $1 ### Setting up the Network in the Hurd Now it is time to start-up your QEMU Hurd system and get networking going in there. **Important:** Remember you may need to use the `-M isapc` or `-isa` flag if using an older version of the gnumach package. $ qemu -m 512 -drive cache=writeback,index=0,media=disk,file=hd0.img -cdrom debian-K9-hurd-i386-CD1.iso -fda floppy.img -boot a -net nic -net tap Once you have logged in as `root` run the `pfinet` translator with values that apply to your network. Think of your QEMU client as another computer in your network. # settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -g xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -m xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx That should do it! Do not forget to edit/update `/etc/resolv.conf` to get DNS working. # Related Links These are links that users may find helpful. Debian [[debian/after_install]] -- good source of information pertaining to your system after installation. [[Image_for_L4]] -- a QEMU image for the Hurd/L4 project.