From ecad2cc77dd1d216ed8e94b4c0dd42a09b2b16d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Sep 2007 01:31:03 +0000
Subject: web commit by steevithak: added link to console tutorial

---
 hurd/console.mdwn | 15 +++++++++------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/console.mdwn b/hurd/console.mdwn
index 5ce57008..3895531b 100644
--- a/hurd/console.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/console.mdwn
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ The latest Hurd package in Debian has all that is needed to run (dunno about hur
 
 -- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 17 Apr 2005
 
+Additional information about the console can be found in the [Hurd Console Tutorial](http://uwhug.org.uk/index.pl?Hurd_Console_Tutorial)
+
+
 ## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
 
 %TOC%
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ The console server provides a scrollback buffer for each virtual console. Curren
 
 The client interface of the server is quite complicated, because it is based on shared memory and broadcasts the data to potentially many clients without blocking. It also includes a notification scheme so that clients remain idle when there is no console activity. This saves cpu power (compared to the alternative which would be polling).
 
-**The default console client**, which you will normally use to use a virtual console in a console server. Rather than writing many similar console client programs, I decided to write only one initially and make it extensible via dynamically loaded modules called "drivers".
+**The default console client**, which you will normally use to use a virtual console in a console server. Rather than writing many similar console client programs, I decided to write only one initially and make it extensible via dynamically loaded modules called "drivers".
 
 The console client uses libcons, of course. There are a number of drivers that exists already:
 
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ _Note:_
   * _LeftCtrl_ + _LeftAlt_ + _Backspace_ terminates the console client, and reverts the VGA card etc to its original state.
   * _RightAlt_ + _Keypad_ enables you to directly enter unicode characters in hexadecimal numbers. 0-9 have their standard meaning, and NumLock is 0xa, Keypad `/` is 0xb, `*` is 0xc, `-` is 0xd, `+` is 0xe and the enter key at the lower right of the keypad is 0xf. Up to four digits are memorized, if you type more, the earlier ones are forgotten. This allows to cover up typing mistakes.
 
-_For example:_AltGr + (Keypad 4, Keypad 1) = 0x41 = 'A'.<br />AltGr + (Keypad 2, 6, 3, NumLock) = 0x263a = smiley.
+_For example:_AltGr + (Keypad 4, Keypad 1) = 0x41 = 'A'.<br />AltGr + (Keypad 2, 6, 3, NumLock) = 0x263a = smiley.
 You can get unicode tables from <http://www.unicode.org>
 
 * The generic\_speaker driver supports the speaker commonly found in PCs and other computers. It is good enough for a simple bell tone or a small melody. I have several default bell styles implemented, but currently there is no configuration option to access them at run time, sorry! Load this module to make the console beep on ^G.
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@ The `console-server` watches for new hurdio terms (devices translated with `/hur
 
 Squeezed at the end so nobody sees it ;)
 
-**console server:** Is probably too lax in permission checking. Does not implement settable tab stops. Does not allow to change encoding at run time. Does not allow any other screen size but 80x25.
+**console server:** Is probably too lax in permission checking. Does not implement settable tab stops. Does not allow to change encoding at run time. Does not allow any other screen size but 80x25.
 
 Combining characters is not supported.
 
@@ -248,11 +251,11 @@ Copy &amp; Paste not supported.
 
 Should support other text modes (integrate svgatextmode?)
 
-**pc\_kbd driver:** No keyboard layout but US supported! Maybe in some cases left/right shift/ctrl/alt is allowed where both left and right should be allowed. Keyboard LEDs are only supported when using OSKIT-Mach or the CVS branch gnumach-1-branch of GNU Mach.
+**pc\_kbd driver:** No keyboard layout but US supported! Maybe in some cases left/right shift/ctrl/alt is allowed where both left and right should be allowed. Keyboard LEDs are only supported when using OSKIT-Mach or the CVS branch gnumach-1-branch of GNU Mach.
 
-**ncursesw driver:** Doesn't work properly on other terminals but UTF-8. Should not use C-w, this should be configurable. Does not support use of scroll back buffer.
+**ncursesw driver:** Doesn't work properly on other terminals but UTF-8. Should not use C-w, this should be configurable. Does not support use of scroll back buffer.
 
-**Other programs:** Readline doesn't support multibyte encodings (4.2 and earlier). term doesn't either (all versions).
+**Other programs:** Readline doesn't support multibyte encodings (4.2 and earlier). term doesn't either (all versions).
 
 ----
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 44b64a5abb6ce90b485ab5ab34890253410ef4ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 01:54:49 +0200
Subject: Add an example about how to attempt debugging Hurd libraries using
 GDB.

---
 hurd/debugging.mdwn      |  1 +
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 3ff2fba4..25686615 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -25,3 +25,4 @@ redistribute your contributions.
 # About Specific Packages
 
 * [[glibc]]
+* [[Hurd]]
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d3f69c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Say you want to try running file system server (`[[translator/ext2fs]]`,
+`[[translator/jfs]]`, ...)  against a modified version of [[libpager]] and
+debug the latter one using [[GDB]].
+
+Set the translator like this:
+
+    $ settrans -fgap ↩
+      jfs.img.i ↩
+      /usr/bin/env ↩
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager ↩
+      "`pwd`"/jfs.obj/jfs ↩
+      "`pwd`"/jfs.img
+
+Then, when starting GDB, start it like this (or use an equivalent method, of
+course):
+
+    $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager ↩
+      gdb ↩
+      ~tschwinge/tmp/jfs/jfs.obj/jfs 15436
+    GNU gdb 6.5-debian
+    [...]
+    Reading symbols from /lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3...Reading symbols from /lib/debug/lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3...done.
+    done.
+    Loaded symbols for /lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3
+    Reading symbols from /devel4/tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager/libpager.so.0.3...done.
+    Loaded symbols for /devel4/tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager/libpager.so.0.3
+    Reading symbols from /lib/libstore.so.0.3...Reading symbols from /lib/debug/lib/libstore.so.0.3...done.
+    done.
+    Loaded symbols for /lib/libstore.so.0.3
+    [...]
+    (gdb) break pager_demuxer
+    Breakpoint 1 at 0x105c98d: file ../../libpager/demuxer.c, line 27.
+    [...]
+    Breakpoint 1, pager_demuxer (inp=0x12bded0, outp=0x12bbec0) at ../../libpager/demuxer.c:27
+    27      {
+    (gdb) list
+    22      /* Demultiplex a single message directed at a pager port; INP is the
+    23         message received; fill OUTP with the reply.  */
+    24      int
+    25      pager_demuxer (mach_msg_header_t *inp,
+    [...]
+
+Voilà.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7e0b01926d78a9cefbd31157f8ec08782f81f29d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 01:59:33 +0200
Subject: Add copyright and licensing header.

---
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
index 3d3f69c5..2f809c9a 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+[[license text="""
+Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
+terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
+published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
+Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
+in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
+
+By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
+contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
+promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
+documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
+your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
+redistribute your contributions.
+"""]]
+
 Say you want to try running file system server (`[[translator/ext2fs]]`,
 `[[translator/jfs]]`, ...)  against a modified version of [[libpager]] and
 debug the latter one using [[GDB]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 471ec4055f2479acdedc794c37e36b71c2de17e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 08:02:20 +0000
Subject: web commit by tschwinge: Work around another ikiwiki bug (I suppose).

---
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
index 2f809c9a..6d0d99aa 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
 redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
-Say you want to try running file system server (`[[translator/ext2fs]]`,
-`[[translator/jfs]]`, ...)  against a modified version of [[libpager]] and
+Say you want to try running file system server (*[[translator/ext2fs]]*<!--`[[translator/ext2fs]]`-->,
+*[[translator/jfs]]*<!--`[[translator/jfs]]`-->, ...)  against a modified version of *[[libpager]]*<!--`[[libpager]]`--> and
 debug the latter one using [[GDB]].
 
-Set the translator like this:
+Set the [[translator]] like this:
 
     $ settrans -fgap ↩
       jfs.img.i ↩
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cf414349e257de8e837f11bff328123dc2aab9f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 17:45:11 +0200
Subject: Re-integrate `Hurd/BuildingHurd' as `hurd/building'.

---
 Hurd/BuildingHurd.mdwn | 92 --------------------------------------------------
 hurd.mdwn              |  4 ++-
 hurd/building.mdwn     | 92 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/BuildingHurd.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/building.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/BuildingHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/BuildingHurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 03c0f8de..00000000
--- a/Hurd/BuildingHurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-# <a name="Building_the_Hurd_from_Source"> Building the Hurd from Source </a>
-
-If you want to build the Hurd libraries and servers (translators) yourself instead of just using pre-built binaries, follow these instructions.
-
-One note before we begin: the likelihood that the compiled result will actually do what you expect it to do is the highest if you try building from the Debian source packages. This is especially true if you want to use your compilation within a Debian system.
-
-## <a name="Getting_the_Source_Code"> Getting the Source Code </a>
-
-You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's RCS](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/download.html#cvs):
-
-    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd
-
-... or (if you are working on a Debian system) the ones that are used for the [current Debian hurd package](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/hurd):
-
-    $ apt-get source hurd
-
-Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using _apt-get source_.
-
-The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (configured with _--disable-profile_) is around 100 MiB.
-
-## <a name="Preparing_for_the_Build"> Preparing for the Build </a>
-
-### <a name="_on_Debian_systems"> ... on Debian systems </a>
-
-Building the Hurd requires the _build-essential_ and _fakeroot_ packages, their dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source hurd package:
-
-    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
-    # apt-get build-dep hurd
-
-### <a name="_on_non_Debian_systems"> ... on non-Debian systems </a>
-
-[TODO]
-
-## <a name="Building"> Building </a>
-
-### <a name="Debian_deb_Files"> Debian _.deb_ Files </a>
-
-Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked Hurd sources, e.g.
-
-    $ cd hurd-[TODO]
-
-If you want to work on the sources before building them, it's advisable to first apply the patches the Debian hurd package additionally contains:
-
-    $ debian/rules apply-patches
-
-Then edit and change whatever files you want and finally start the build process with
-
-    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -nc -b -rfakeroot
-
-The _.deb_ packages will then drop out at the _../_ directory.
-
-### <a name="Building_but_not_the_Debian_Way"> Building, but not the Debian Way </a>
-
-The Hurd has to be built in a separate directory:
-
-    $ mkdir hurd-build
-    $ cd hurd-build
-
-    $ [...]/hurd-[TODO]/configure --disable-profile
-    $ make
-    $ make install
-
-Notice that _make install_ will install the Hurd in _/_, not in _/usr/local/_ or _/local/_, so your current Hurd servers will be replaced. [TODO: how to install somewhere else.]
-
-By default profiling versions of all the libraries and code are generated but this is useless in most of the cases, so we disable them by specifying _--disable-profile_ on \_configure\_'s command line.
-
-If you just want to build a specific server or library, you can pass its name to _make_:
-
-    $ make ext2fs
-    $ make libtrivfs
-
-This will automatically build all libraries that are required to build the requested server or library.
-
-### <a name="Cross_Compiling"> Cross Compiling </a>
-
-See <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env> and <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> for now.
-
-## <a name="RPC_Ids"> </a> RPC Ids
-
-[TODO: update / integrate somewhere.]
-
-If you want to trace the RPC calls made by some process by using `rpctrace` command, you will also want some more human-readable output of this command. This is achieved by generating `hurd.msgids` file that includes the mapping between the number of the RPC call and its name:
-
-    $ cd build/hurd
-    $ make hurd.msgids
-    $ cp hurd.msgids ~
-
-Now you can use this file in the following way:
-
-    $ rpctrace -i ~/hurd.msgids ls
-
--- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 08 Apr 2003
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 66da69b5..7ebf76c2 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 * [[Console]]
 * [[Xfree86]] -- [[DebianX]] -- [[DebianXorg]]
 * [[GNUstep]]
-* [[CrossCompiling]]
 * [[XattrHurd]]: Setting translators under GNU/Linux
 * [[SerialConsole]]: Setting up a serial console.
 
@@ -51,6 +50,9 @@
 * [[Contributing]]
 * [[ToDo]]
 
+* [[Building]]
+* [[CrossCompiling]]
+
 # Developer References
 
 * Libraries
diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03c0f8de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# <a name="Building_the_Hurd_from_Source"> Building the Hurd from Source </a>
+
+If you want to build the Hurd libraries and servers (translators) yourself instead of just using pre-built binaries, follow these instructions.
+
+One note before we begin: the likelihood that the compiled result will actually do what you expect it to do is the highest if you try building from the Debian source packages. This is especially true if you want to use your compilation within a Debian system.
+
+## <a name="Getting_the_Source_Code"> Getting the Source Code </a>
+
+You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's RCS](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/download.html#cvs):
+
+    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd
+
+... or (if you are working on a Debian system) the ones that are used for the [current Debian hurd package](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/hurd):
+
+    $ apt-get source hurd
+
+Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using _apt-get source_.
+
+The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (configured with _--disable-profile_) is around 100 MiB.
+
+## <a name="Preparing_for_the_Build"> Preparing for the Build </a>
+
+### <a name="_on_Debian_systems"> ... on Debian systems </a>
+
+Building the Hurd requires the _build-essential_ and _fakeroot_ packages, their dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source hurd package:
+
+    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
+    # apt-get build-dep hurd
+
+### <a name="_on_non_Debian_systems"> ... on non-Debian systems </a>
+
+[TODO]
+
+## <a name="Building"> Building </a>
+
+### <a name="Debian_deb_Files"> Debian _.deb_ Files </a>
+
+Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked Hurd sources, e.g.
+
+    $ cd hurd-[TODO]
+
+If you want to work on the sources before building them, it's advisable to first apply the patches the Debian hurd package additionally contains:
+
+    $ debian/rules apply-patches
+
+Then edit and change whatever files you want and finally start the build process with
+
+    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -nc -b -rfakeroot
+
+The _.deb_ packages will then drop out at the _../_ directory.
+
+### <a name="Building_but_not_the_Debian_Way"> Building, but not the Debian Way </a>
+
+The Hurd has to be built in a separate directory:
+
+    $ mkdir hurd-build
+    $ cd hurd-build
+
+    $ [...]/hurd-[TODO]/configure --disable-profile
+    $ make
+    $ make install
+
+Notice that _make install_ will install the Hurd in _/_, not in _/usr/local/_ or _/local/_, so your current Hurd servers will be replaced. [TODO: how to install somewhere else.]
+
+By default profiling versions of all the libraries and code are generated but this is useless in most of the cases, so we disable them by specifying _--disable-profile_ on \_configure\_'s command line.
+
+If you just want to build a specific server or library, you can pass its name to _make_:
+
+    $ make ext2fs
+    $ make libtrivfs
+
+This will automatically build all libraries that are required to build the requested server or library.
+
+### <a name="Cross_Compiling"> Cross Compiling </a>
+
+See <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env> and <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> for now.
+
+## <a name="RPC_Ids"> </a> RPC Ids
+
+[TODO: update / integrate somewhere.]
+
+If you want to trace the RPC calls made by some process by using `rpctrace` command, you will also want some more human-readable output of this command. This is achieved by generating `hurd.msgids` file that includes the mapping between the number of the RPC call and its name:
+
+    $ cd build/hurd
+    $ make hurd.msgids
+    $ cp hurd.msgids ~
+
+Now you can use this file in the following way:
+
+    $ rpctrace -i ~/hurd.msgids ls
+
+-- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 08 Apr 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f5f69932b4d3defe70c975f967eb767ce3a6502c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 19:32:26 +0000
Subject: web commit by steevithak: added an introduction

---
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index 6b94ed25..000fb5aa 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 # <a name="The_GNU_Operating_System"> </a> The GNU Operating System
 
+The GNU Operating System, or GNU System as it is more commonly known, will be a complete Unix-like operating system composed entirely of [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html). The creation of the GNU System is one of the goals of the [GNU Project](http://www.gnu.org/), which was [launched in 1983](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/initial-announcement.html) by [Richard Stallman](http://www.stallman.org/). 
+
+
+
 [[gnu/GNU]].
 
 It is our wish and goal to establish a new direction for the GNU system distribution. To that end, this page will begin setting some direction. This was spawned by several discussions over a few days on the Hurd mailing lists and IRC.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bd30e648de23de61bce95601b3e32d5b1a27a96f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Sep 2007 19:10:49 +0200
Subject: Rework copyright assignment procedure.

Move the copyright assignment text out of the wiki pages and instead make it
part of the web-editing page's template.  Update text as per suggestions of
Richard M. Stallman (private email, 2007-09).
---
 .templates/editpage.tmpl                           | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn                     |  7 -------
 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn                                |  7 -------
 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn                               |  7 -------
 abac.mdwn                                          |  7 -------
 asbestos.mdwn                                      |  7 -------
 capability.mdwn                                    |  7 -------
 confused_deputy.mdwn                               |  7 -------
 designation.mdwn                                   |  7 -------
 destructive_interference.mdwn                      |  7 -------
 empty_page.mdwn                                    | 22 +++++++++-------------
 extensibility.mdwn                                 |  7 -------
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                           |  7 -------
 hurd/concepts.mdwn                                 |  7 -------
 hurd/contributing.mdwn                             |  7 -------
 hurd/critique.mdwn                                 |  7 -------
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                |  7 -------
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn                            |  7 -------
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn      |  7 -------
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn                           |  7 -------
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn                       |  7 -------
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                              |  7 -------
 hurd/history.mdwn                                  |  7 -------
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                       |  7 -------
 hurd/libpager.mdwn                                 |  7 -------
 hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn                             |  7 -------
 hurd/running.mdwn                                  |  7 -------
 hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn          |  7 -------
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                                  |  7 -------
 hurd/translator.mdwn                               |  7 -------
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn                      |  7 -------
 ibac.mdwn                                          |  7 -------
 idl.mdwn                                           |  7 -------
 ipc.mdwn                                           |  7 -------
 isolation.mdwn                                     |  7 -------
 liedtke.mdwn                                       |  7 -------
 local.css                                          |  7 +++++++
 mechanism.mdwn                                     |  7 -------
 microkernel.mdwn                                   |  7 -------
 microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn                     |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn     |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                      |  7 -------
 .../mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn    |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn                          |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn       |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/port.mdwn                         |  7 -------
 microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn                          |  7 -------
 naming_context.mdwn                                |  7 -------
 persistency.mdwn                                   |  7 -------
 policy.mdwn                                        |  7 -------
 principal.mdwn                                     |  7 -------
 rpc.mdwn                                           |  7 -------
 sfi.mdwn                                           |  7 -------
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |  7 -------
 tcb.mdwn                                           |  7 -------
 trust.mdwn                                         |  7 -------
 58 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 398 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/.templates/editpage.tmpl b/.templates/editpage.tmpl
index cf4950ea..091bb8d3 100644
--- a/.templates/editpage.tmpl
+++ b/.templates/editpage.tmpl
@@ -57,6 +57,24 @@ Page type: <TMPL_VAR FIELD-TYPE>
 Optional comment about this change:<br />
 <TMPL_VAR FIELD-COMMENTS><br />
 </TMPL_IF>
+
+<div id="copyright_assignment_notice">
+
+<p>By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for
+your contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software
+Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per
+our criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.
+We grant you back all your rights under copyright, including the
+rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your contributions.</p>
+
+<p>We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily
+be able to include your contributions in official GNU documentation,
+such as the GNU Hurd manual, etc.  Send email to <a
+href="mailto:hurd-maintainers@gnu.org">&lt;hurd-maintainers@gnu.org&gt;</a>
+if there are questions.</p>
+
+</div>
+
 <TMPL_VAR FORM-SUBMIT>
 <TMPL_VAR HELPONFORMATTINGLINK>
 <TMPL_VAR FORM-END>
diff --git a/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn b/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn
index 2886945f..ac1244eb 100644
--- a/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn
+++ b/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # How to Contribute to This Wiki
diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
index c4cacd0c..d73afd14 100644
--- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 [[toc ]]
diff --git a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
index 4b29c226..1107eb5f 100644
--- a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 The Hurd is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels.
diff --git a/abac.mdwn b/abac.mdwn
index c71ea00a..21f13215 100644
--- a/abac.mdwn
+++ b/abac.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 ABAC stands for authorization-based access control.
diff --git a/asbestos.mdwn b/asbestos.mdwn
index 074e0ae7..89af7c1c 100644
--- a/asbestos.mdwn
+++ b/asbestos.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Asbestos is an operating system developed at MIT, Stanford
diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index 06d3cf4a..34a18afe 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 A capability is a protected reference.  It is a reference in that
diff --git a/confused_deputy.mdwn b/confused_deputy.mdwn
index 1f03194b..7dae5da6 100644
--- a/confused_deputy.mdwn
+++ b/confused_deputy.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 [The confused deputy](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/ConfusedDeputy.html)
diff --git a/designation.mdwn b/designation.mdwn
index 629ef7cd..30540ade 100644
--- a/designation.mdwn
+++ b/designation.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 To designate is to name.
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index 941da8a4..b6c80325 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Interference can be destructive or non-destructive.  When a [[principal]]
diff --git a/empty_page.mdwn b/empty_page.mdwn
index a8f7e528..d71ef07e 100644
--- a/empty_page.mdwn
+++ b/empty_page.mdwn
@@ -6,22 +6,18 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of
-free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
 line.
 
-We put in the above copyright and licensing header so that we'll easily be able
-to include the text you contribute in official GNU documentation, such as the
-GNU Hurd manuals, etc.
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
+use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
+when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
+copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
+contributions.
 
-If this is absolutely not what you want then please refrain from changing the
-above licensing conditions, but instead simply send email to
-<hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> and we'll work on finding a solution.
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index 80e9fbfc..6a12c812 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index 7ccd9b45..2b35ea14 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 UIDs on the Hurd are separate from processes.  A process has
diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index dca95ed9..0a88d248 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 * [[Translator]]
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
index 819d354b..785cfa1a 100644
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # Porting Applications
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 56150df7..cc0c53dc 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 25686615..66175d13 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # Strategies
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index 75474128..ca7d1783 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) works on GNU/Hurd
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index fc6653e7..a712cfa6 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a system server can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
index 6d0d99aa..b759df22 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Say you want to try running file system server (*[[translator/ext2fs]]*<!--`[[translator/ext2fs]]`-->,
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index c2aabc42..6590431d 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 *rpctrace* is -- roughly -- an equivavlent to Linux's *strace* or Solaris' or
diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index b3bbcbf6..59e76b99 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # Essential Documentation
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index 1b45d25f..ce4cf9fd 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 <a href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html" target="_top">History 1997-2003</a></dt>
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index 91b33bcf..c7ac9ba8 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the [Hurd Hacking Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html)
diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index 1261150c..ed2fa7bb 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Mach's [[microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism]].
diff --git a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
index 5aee0a10..b1082f6b 100644
--- a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 It is possible to run multiple instances of the Hurd
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index f8a516bd..c631123d 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
index 52313bf2..8ef52824 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # How to Installing Packages without a Network Connection from your Hurd Installation
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index 5256a70b..42b714a4 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 A sub-Hurd is like a [[neighbor_Hurd|neighborhurd]], however, makes use of some
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 645f05ca..f6c08505 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 A translator is simply a normal program acting as
diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index 33e4f8a7..941a10ad 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Path names are resolved using a distributed protocol.
diff --git a/ibac.mdwn b/ibac.mdwn
index 4aa4f70e..39ac5ebf 100644
--- a/ibac.mdwn
+++ b/ibac.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 IBAC stands for identity-based access control.
diff --git a/idl.mdwn b/idl.mdwn
index 2086bfea..64359e93 100644
--- a/idl.mdwn
+++ b/idl.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 An IDL is an interface definition language.  The most well-known is
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index 2123fec8..e019645e 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 IPC stands for interprocess communication.
diff --git a/isolation.mdwn b/isolation.mdwn
index 67e2f61f..dc0921aa 100644
--- a/isolation.mdwn
+++ b/isolation.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 When two [[principal]]s cannot affect each other, they are said to
diff --git a/liedtke.mdwn b/liedtke.mdwn
index 1c573afe..7114f098 100644
--- a/liedtke.mdwn
+++ b/liedtke.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Liedtke is the father of [[microkernel/L4]].
diff --git a/local.css b/local.css
index f099514a..24a8df70 100644
--- a/local.css
+++ b/local.css
@@ -60,6 +60,13 @@ pre + *
   font-size: small;
 }
 
+/* Used in `.templates/editpage.tmpl'.
+#copyright_assignment_notice
+{
+  background-color: #f0f0f0;
+  font-size: small;
+}
+
 
 /* Variable width.  */
 #sidebar
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index 16dfc641..ab01ae9b 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index 56268b61..b2c0f059 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642)
diff --git a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
index 24daf290..b4ea13c8 100644
--- a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # Concepts
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index bb91313c..fe9c619b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 - OSF's [Kernel Interface](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_interface.ps)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index 169745fb..cdb299f1 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Mach provides a so-called external pager [[mechanism]].  This
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 561c3742..bc3ef8d8 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 GNU Mach is currently used by the GNU [[Hurd]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index b043b233..08f7f805 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 # CPU Architecture
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index 89651d72..63be1b92 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
index c493174c..1fe37496 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 [[General_information|/ipc]] about IPC.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
index 3aff669d..fdbde7a0 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Mach's [[IPC]] mechanism allows for getting access to a message's sequence
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
index 5dcc9ba3..3e0d3530 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Mach ports are [[capabilities|capability]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
index c315fa4e..7b2a9e30 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 [[General_information|/rpc]] about RPC.
diff --git a/naming_context.mdwn b/naming_context.mdwn
index be041211..4a15651f 100644
--- a/naming_context.mdwn
+++ b/naming_context.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 Names are bindings to objects, however, to find an object
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index e9d0a248..abbf0c02 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
diff --git a/policy.mdwn b/policy.mdwn
index 7135ddf0..4b8b8371 100644
--- a/policy.mdwn
+++ b/policy.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 A policy is a rule that define what may or may not happens, not
diff --git a/principal.mdwn b/principal.mdwn
index f2a23ae2..9cf90942 100644
--- a/principal.mdwn
+++ b/principal.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 A principal is an accountable entity.  A principal may be
diff --git a/rpc.mdwn b/rpc.mdwn
index 717a2d60..829d2967 100644
--- a/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/rpc.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 RPC stands for remote procedure call.
diff --git a/sfi.mdwn b/sfi.mdwn
index 48daf15e..d236a6a6 100644
--- a/sfi.mdwn
+++ b/sfi.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 SFI stands for Software-Based Fault Isolation.  SFI is an [[isolation]]
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 34995a8a..48990085 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 * **[[Home|/index]]**
diff --git a/tcb.mdwn b/tcb.mdwn
index 841b85fa..ef736efe 100644
--- a/tcb.mdwn
+++ b/tcb.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 TCB stands for trusted computed base.  Unqualified, the trusted
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index 96716f8d..4eee6a3d 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
 in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-
-By contributing to this page, you agree to assign copyright for your
-contribution to the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation
-promises to always use either a verbatim copying license or a free
-documentation license when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all
-your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and
-redistribute your contributions.
 """]]
 
 The word trust is used in a number of contexts with different technical meanings.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2804b6ebfdd7adbb08f89a057b053f43a67391bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 14:02:32 +0200
Subject: Switch pages to use the ``copyright'' and ``license'' facilities of
 ikiwiki's `meta' plugin.

---
 HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn                          | 16 +++++++---------
 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn                                     | 16 +++++++---------
 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn                                    | 17 ++++++++---------
 abac.mdwn                                               | 16 +++++++---------
 asbestos.mdwn                                           | 16 +++++++---------
 capability.mdwn                                         | 16 +++++++---------
 confused_deputy.mdwn                                    | 16 +++++++---------
 designation.mdwn                                        | 16 +++++++---------
 destructive_interference.mdwn                           | 16 +++++++---------
 empty_page.mdwn                                         | 16 +++++++---------
 extensibility.mdwn                                      | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                                | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/concepts.mdwn                                      | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/contributing.mdwn                                  | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/critique.mdwn                                      | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                     | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn                                 | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn           | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn                                | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn                            | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                                   | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/history.mdwn                                       | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                            | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/libpager.mdwn                                      | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn                                  | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/running.mdwn                                       | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn               | 15 +++++++--------
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                                       | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/translator.mdwn                                    | 16 +++++++---------
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn                           | 16 +++++++---------
 ibac.mdwn                                               | 16 +++++++---------
 idl.mdwn                                                | 16 +++++++---------
 ipc.mdwn                                                | 16 +++++++---------
 isolation.mdwn                                          | 16 +++++++---------
 liedtke.mdwn                                            | 16 +++++++---------
 mechanism.mdwn                                          | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel.mdwn                                        | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn                          | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/fud.mdwn                                    |  9 +++------
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                     | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn          | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                           | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                     | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn                               | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn            | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/port.mdwn                              | 16 +++++++---------
 microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn                               | 16 +++++++---------
 naming_context.mdwn                                     | 16 +++++++---------
 persistency.mdwn                                        | 16 +++++++---------
 policy.mdwn                                             | 16 +++++++---------
 principal.mdwn                                          | 16 +++++++---------
 rpc.mdwn                                                | 16 +++++++---------
 sfi.mdwn                                                | 16 +++++++---------
 sidebar.mdwn                                            | 16 +++++++---------
 tcb.mdwn                                                | 16 +++++++---------
 trust.mdwn                                              | 16 +++++++---------
 57 files changed, 396 insertions(+), 509 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn b/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn
index ac1244eb..4086ed77 100644
--- a/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn
+++ b/HowToContributeToThisWiki.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # How to Contribute to This Wiki
 
diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
index d73afd14..1730c7bc 100644
--- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 [[toc ]]
 
diff --git a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
index 1107eb5f..bcae817c 100644
--- a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 The Hurd is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels.
 
diff --git a/abac.mdwn b/abac.mdwn
index 21f13215..e4486c10 100644
--- a/abac.mdwn
+++ b/abac.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 ABAC stands for authorization-based access control.
 In this model, access is not granted based on the
diff --git a/asbestos.mdwn b/asbestos.mdwn
index 89af7c1c..f3c8d94a 100644
--- a/asbestos.mdwn
+++ b/asbestos.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Asbestos is an operating system developed at MIT, Stanford
 and UCLA to explore information flow control policies.  The motivation
diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index 34a18afe..0e06a6d6 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 A capability is a protected reference.  It is a reference in that
 it designates an object; it is protected in that in cannot be
diff --git a/confused_deputy.mdwn b/confused_deputy.mdwn
index 7dae5da6..01c3513a 100644
--- a/confused_deputy.mdwn
+++ b/confused_deputy.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 [The confused deputy](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/ConfusedDeputy.html)
 problem was articulated by Norm Hardy.  It is a possible consequence
diff --git a/designation.mdwn b/designation.mdwn
index 30540ade..55037939 100644
--- a/designation.mdwn
+++ b/designation.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 To designate is to name.
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index b6c80325..44e0855e 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Interference can be destructive or non-destructive.  When a [[principal]]
 invokes an object (thereby requesting a service) and the implementation
diff --git a/empty_page.mdwn b/empty_page.mdwn
index d71ef07e..47464167 100644
--- a/empty_page.mdwn
+++ b/empty_page.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
 line.
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index 6a12c812..edfd78d2 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
 means providing non-privileged mechanisms to extend existing objects and to
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index 2b35ea14..7502aa7d 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 UIDs on the Hurd are separate from processes.  A process has
 [[capabilities|capability]] designating so-called UID vectors that
diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index 0a88d248..f56af8f0 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 * [[Translator]]
 * [[Virtual_File_System]]
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
index 785cfa1a..9d07e740 100644
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # Porting Applications
 
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index cc0c53dc..862e63ae 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled
 "[A Critique of the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating System](http://walfield.org/papers/200707-walfield-critique-of-the-GNU-Hurd.pdf)."
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 66175d13..5a825479 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # Strategies
 
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index ca7d1783..02c66711 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) works on GNU/Hurd
 systems as it does on other system, but has some additional [hurd-specific
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index a712cfa6..63e970e2 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a system server can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
 can however still use GDB by using the [`set
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
index b759df22..f5c8bd34 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Say you want to try running file system server (*[[translator/ext2fs]]*<!--`[[translator/ext2fs]]`-->,
 *[[translator/jfs]]*<!--`[[translator/jfs]]`-->, ...)  against a modified version of *[[libpager]]*<!--`[[libpager]]`--> and
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index 6590431d..de85a8b7 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 *rpctrace* is -- roughly -- an equivavlent to Linux's *strace* or Solaris' or
 BSD's *truss*.  It is used to trace [[remote_procedure_call|rpc]]s a process is
diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index 59e76b99..d7f96323 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # Essential Documentation
 
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index ce4cf9fd..9f442b93 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 <a href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html" target="_top">History 1997-2003</a></dt>
 <dd> Personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index c7ac9ba8..c7bdb135 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the [Hurd Hacking Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html)
 contains an overview of some of the Hurd's features. 
diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index ed2fa7bb..b51b9efd 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Mach's [[microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism]].
 
diff --git a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
index b1082f6b..ac2939ec 100644
--- a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 It is possible to run multiple instances of the Hurd
 in parallel, on a single instance of Mach.  Other than
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index c631123d..2be73078 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Xen]] - In Xen
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
index 8ef52824..6d03be5a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # How to Installing Packages without a Network Connection from your Hurd Installation
 
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index 42b714a4..e976a5ff 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 A sub-Hurd is like a [[neighbor_Hurd|neighborhurd]], however, makes use of some
 resources provided by another Hurd.  For instance, backing store and the
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index f6c08505..7656053b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 A translator is simply a normal program acting as
 an object server and participating in the Hurd's
diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index 941a10ad..e39c7705 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Path names are resolved using a distributed protocol.
 No single entity is responsible for the resolution of
diff --git a/ibac.mdwn b/ibac.mdwn
index 39ac5ebf..91bd5274 100644
--- a/ibac.mdwn
+++ b/ibac.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 IBAC stands for identity-based access control.
 In this access control scheme, access to a resource
diff --git a/idl.mdwn b/idl.mdwn
index 64359e93..bcaacdec 100644
--- a/idl.mdwn
+++ b/idl.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 An IDL is an interface definition language.  The most well-known is
 CORBA.  An IDL compiler takes a specification and generates stubs
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index e019645e..09d8499c 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 IPC stands for interprocess communication.
 
diff --git a/isolation.mdwn b/isolation.mdwn
index dc0921aa..cd6c0eea 100644
--- a/isolation.mdwn
+++ b/isolation.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 When two [[principal]]s cannot affect each other, they are said to
 be isolated from one another.  Strictly speaking, if two principals
diff --git a/liedtke.mdwn b/liedtke.mdwn
index 7114f098..927b1d1e 100644
--- a/liedtke.mdwn
+++ b/liedtke.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Liedtke is the father of [[microkernel/L4]].
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index ab01ae9b..e991a8b2 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
 defines a mechanism as:
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index b2c0f059..21a826dc 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642)
 that a microkernel attempts to minimize the mandatory part of the operating
diff --git a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
index b4ea13c8..f31111a7 100644
--- a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # Concepts
 
diff --git a/microkernel/fud.mdwn b/microkernel/fud.mdwn
index bc2e366b..68794e69 100644
--- a/microkernel/fud.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/fud.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2002 Wolfgang Jährling and Jeroen Dekkers
-
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
-medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002 Wolfgang Jährling and Jeroen Dekkers"]]
+[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
 # The Microkernel Experiment is Going On
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index fe9c619b..ac9dd6ec 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 - OSF's [Kernel Interface](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_interface.ps)
 - OSF's [Kernel Principles](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_principles.ps)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index cdb299f1..2c917ff6 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Mach provides a so-called external pager [[mechanism]].  This
 mechanism serves to separate *managing memory* from *managing
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index bc3ef8d8..cfdb1a99 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 GNU Mach is currently used by the GNU [[Hurd]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index 08f7f805..cedccae6 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 # CPU Architecture
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index 63be1b92..1aeb23f2 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
 * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
index 1fe37496..a6aef7c7 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 [[General_information|/ipc]] about IPC.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
index fdbde7a0..78a49c1a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Mach's [[IPC]] mechanism allows for getting access to a message's sequence
 number.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
index 3e0d3530..c572cfbb 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Mach ports are [[capabilities|capability]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
index 7b2a9e30..b2e04908 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 [[General_information|/rpc]] about RPC.
 
diff --git a/naming_context.mdwn b/naming_context.mdwn
index 4a15651f..5c2badb9 100644
--- a/naming_context.mdwn
+++ b/naming_context.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 Names are bindings to objects, however, to find an object
 given a name, the relation must be looked up in a
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index abbf0c02..370cbadf 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
 On Unix, files and directories are persistent but
diff --git a/policy.mdwn b/policy.mdwn
index 4b8b8371..e11720a5 100644
--- a/policy.mdwn
+++ b/policy.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 A policy is a rule that define what may or may not happens, not
 how it happens.  The latter is referred to as [[mechanism]].
diff --git a/principal.mdwn b/principal.mdwn
index 9cf90942..6092f967 100644
--- a/principal.mdwn
+++ b/principal.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 A principal is an accountable entity.  A principal may be
 a user.  On some computer systems, users are represented by their
diff --git a/rpc.mdwn b/rpc.mdwn
index 829d2967..4da79eb9 100644
--- a/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/rpc.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 RPC stands for remote procedure call.
diff --git a/sfi.mdwn b/sfi.mdwn
index d236a6a6..a3a78832 100644
--- a/sfi.mdwn
+++ b/sfi.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 SFI stands for Software-Based Fault Isolation.  SFI is an [[isolation]]
 technique described by Wahbe et al. in their 1993 paper [Effcient
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 48990085..34e23772 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 * **[[Home|/index]]**
 * **[[Community]]**
diff --git a/tcb.mdwn b/tcb.mdwn
index ef736efe..0dc4d2fb 100644
--- a/tcb.mdwn
+++ b/tcb.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 TCB stands for trusted computed base.  Unqualified, the trusted
 computing base referrers to the set of components programs
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index 4eee6a3d..d96f702f 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-[[license text="""
-Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
-terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
-Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
-"""]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 The word trust is used in a number of contexts with different technical meanings.
 Sometimes it is used to confuse, for instance trusted computing is rarely about
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3da3ea6018dabd7a09ab60bb8f7f80851f5ebc8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 16:39:45 +0200
Subject: A few words on the ``Hurd Boxes'' logo.

---
 hurd.mdwn      |  1 +
 hurd/logo.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/logo.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 7ebf76c2..5a421332 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 * [[TheGnuHurd]] - A Brief Description
 * [[HurdNames]] - Acronym, Origin and Usage
 * [[History]]
+* [[Logo]]
 * [[GNUHurdStatus]]
 * [[KnownHurdLimits]]
 * [[Translation]] - Localized sites about the Hurd
diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69c7b21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
+<http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
+
+On some lonely Wednesday, Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]
+converted these four boxes from the original METAFONT sources to hand-written
+SVG code.  (Will be published somewhen.)
+
+This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this whole wiki.  [[img
+/favicon.ico]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fd47bfa17db122b04c58647b690ac9487b52ea0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 17:15:28 +0200
Subject: Move logo files into `hurd/logo/' and rename them.

---
 hurd-logo.png               | Bin 1764 -> 0 bytes
 hurd-logo.svg               |  43 -------------------------------------------
 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png | Bin 0 -> 1764 bytes
 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg |  43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd-logo.png
 delete mode 100644 hurd-logo.svg
 create mode 100644 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png
 create mode 100644 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd-logo.png b/hurd-logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index fd26a87e..00000000
Binary files a/hurd-logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/hurd-logo.svg b/hurd-logo.svg
deleted file mode 100644
index af24ae89..00000000
--- a/hurd-logo.svg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
-<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20cm" height="20cm" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
-	<desc>
-		The Hurd Boxes and Arrows logo.
-
-		Converted to SVG by Thomas Schwinge and Colin Leitner at 09/2007.
-		We used the metafont original from Stephen McCamant (1997).
-	</desc>
-	<defs>
-		<style type="text/css">
-			#boxes, #arrows {
-				stroke: black;
-				stroke-width: 3;
-			}
-
-			#boxes { fill: white; }
-		</style>
-	</defs>
-	<g transform="translate(0 100) scale(1 -1) translate(-5 5)">
-		<g id="arrows" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round">
-			<path d="M 40 80  Q 20 80 20 65  L 20 60"/>
-			<path d="M 15 65  L 20 60  L 25 65"/>
-
-			<path d="M 50 70  Q 50 50 62.5 50  L 70 50"/>
-			<path d="M 65 45  L 70 50  L 65 55"/>
-
-			<path d="M 60 20  Q 100 20 100 50  Q 100 80 65 80  L 60 80"/>
-			<path d="M 65 75  L 60 80  L 65 85"/>
-
-			<path d="M 80 40  Q 80 0 50 0  Q 20 0 20 35  L 20 40"/>
-			<path d="M 15 35  L 20 40  L 25 35"/>
-		</g>
-
-		<g id="boxes">
-			<rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
-			<rect x="40" y="70" width="20" height="20"/>
-			<rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
-			<rect x="40" y="10" width="20" height="20"/>
-		</g>
-	</g>
-</svg>
-
diff --git a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd26a87e
Binary files /dev/null and b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png differ
diff --git a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af24ae89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20cm" height="20cm" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
+	<desc>
+		The Hurd Boxes and Arrows logo.
+
+		Converted to SVG by Thomas Schwinge and Colin Leitner at 09/2007.
+		We used the metafont original from Stephen McCamant (1997).
+	</desc>
+	<defs>
+		<style type="text/css">
+			#boxes, #arrows {
+				stroke: black;
+				stroke-width: 3;
+			}
+
+			#boxes { fill: white; }
+		</style>
+	</defs>
+	<g transform="translate(0 100) scale(1 -1) translate(-5 5)">
+		<g id="arrows" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round">
+			<path d="M 40 80  Q 20 80 20 65  L 20 60"/>
+			<path d="M 15 65  L 20 60  L 25 65"/>
+
+			<path d="M 50 70  Q 50 50 62.5 50  L 70 50"/>
+			<path d="M 65 45  L 70 50  L 65 55"/>
+
+			<path d="M 60 20  Q 100 20 100 50  Q 100 80 65 80  L 60 80"/>
+			<path d="M 65 75  L 60 80  L 65 85"/>
+
+			<path d="M 80 40  Q 80 0 50 0  Q 20 0 20 35  L 20 40"/>
+			<path d="M 15 35  L 20 40  L 25 35"/>
+		</g>
+
+		<g id="boxes">
+			<rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
+			<rect x="40" y="70" width="20" height="20"/>
+			<rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
+			<rect x="40" y="10" width="20" height="20"/>
+		</g>
+	</g>
+</svg>
+
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 73f570ca84ad67c2f4b1c76ce9458fa86449d372 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 17:20:04 +0200
Subject: Add some comments.

---
 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
index af24ae89..fb57bcd2 100644
--- a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
+++ b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
 
 		Converted to SVG by Thomas Schwinge and Colin Leitner at 09/2007.
 		We used the metafont original from Stephen McCamant (1997).
+		available on http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html.
+
+		TODO.  The flection of some of the curves is different from the
+		original.  We don't know yet how to exactly reproduce
+		METAFONT's ``A..B'' syntax.  Also the thickness of the lines
+		may be a different one.
 	</desc>
 	<defs>
 		<style type="text/css">
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9677e45dbf9622ca160d3680d2cda294c1bbce57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 17:22:51 +0200
Subject: Link to the SVG logo.

---
 hurd/logo.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index 69c7b21f..e15f6949 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
 <http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
 
 On some lonely Wednesday, Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]
-converted these four boxes from the original METAFONT sources to hand-written
-SVG code.  (Will be published somewhen.)
+converted these four boxes from the original METAFONT sources to
+[[hand-written_SVG_code|boxes-redrawn.svg]].
 
 This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this whole wiki.  [[img
 /favicon.ico]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2d2e4a6d0b664030d58181818339cc19ceac9184 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 17:26:28 +0200
Subject: Display the redrawn boxes logo.

---
 hurd/logo.mdwn | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index e15f6949..e92c6c67 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -9,9 +9,14 @@ is included in the section entitled
 The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
 <http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
 
+
 On some lonely Wednesday, Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]
 converted these four boxes from the original METAFONT sources to
 [[hand-written_SVG_code|boxes-redrawn.svg]].
 
-This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this whole wiki.  [[img
-/favicon.ico]]
+[[img boxes-redrawn.png]]
+
+
+This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this whole wiki.
+
+[[img /favicon.ico]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5b2417a015ef21e95fee21e2b5eac19fa3ca3a02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 17:27:52 +0200
Subject: Link to the METAFONT source file.

---
 hurd/logo.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index e92c6c67..345b443e 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
 
 
 On some lonely Wednesday, Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]
-converted these four boxes from the original METAFONT sources to
+converted these four boxes from the [original METAFONT
+sources](http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd.mf) to
 [[hand-written_SVG_code|boxes-redrawn.svg]].
 
 [[img boxes-redrawn.png]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fe3cf079f2f038c3492934b4af42de808bb72300 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Sep 2007 17:32:49 +0200
Subject: Also have to check copyright situation and licensing conditions.

---
 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
index fb57bcd2..c0a7e460 100644
--- a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
+++ b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 		TODO.  The flection of some of the curves is different from the
 		original.  We don't know yet how to exactly reproduce
 		METAFONT's ``A..B'' syntax.  Also the thickness of the lines
-		may be a different one.
+		may be a different one.  Elaborate on the copyright situation
+		and licensing conditions.
 	</desc>
 	<defs>
 		<style type="text/css">
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 636a3fe4855f018a82b6ed0d524481c8ac5564ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2007 21:37:39 +0200
Subject: May be incomplete or out-dated.

---
 hurd/building.mdwn | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index 03c0f8de..5a2f4215 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+/!\ The following information may very well be incomplete and out-dated.
+
+
 # <a name="Building_the_Hurd_from_Source"> Building the Hurd from Source </a>
 
 If you want to build the Hurd libraries and servers (translators) yourself instead of just using pre-built binaries, follow these instructions.
@@ -88,5 +91,3 @@ If you want to trace the RPC calls made by some process by using `rpctrace` comm
 Now you can use this file in the following way:
 
     $ rpctrace -i ~/hurd.msgids ls
-
--- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 08 Apr 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 17741f136fd9e7003e556d21ee0cb7efe789fa52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2007 21:44:02 +0200
Subject: Add a pointer to the `cross-gnu' shell script.

---
 hurd/building.mdwn                 |  3 +++
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index 5a2f4215..cb7cb52f 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+* [[cross-compiling]]
+
+
 /!\ The following information may very well be incomplete and out-dated.
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ffd12ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
+complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
+
+For now, find the shell scripts at
+<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
+<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
+
+Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
+
+Feel free to ask questions or report problems on this page's [[discussion]]
+sub-page.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bfaf2be5a9d97d19a383a568601bc6ed6fa540f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 30 Sep 2007 21:52:39 +0200
Subject: Integrate old `Hurd/CrossCompiling' and remove.

---
 Hurd/CrossCompiling.mdwn           | 5 -----
 hurd.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 4 ++++
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/CrossCompiling.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/CrossCompiling.mdwn b/Hurd/CrossCompiling.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fe4be938..00000000
--- a/Hurd/CrossCompiling.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-The official documentation in `INSTALL-cross` is very outdated.
-
-Alfred Szmidt wrote [Cross-compiling guide](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html) that may be of help.
-
--- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 06 Sep 2004
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 5a421332..fca9cf28 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 * [[ToDo]]
 
 * [[Building]]
-* [[CrossCompiling]]
+  * [[building/Cross-Compiling]]
 
 # Developer References
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index ffd12ef0..13abb963 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -17,3 +17,7 @@ Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
 
 Feel free to ask questions or report problems on this page's [[discussion]]
 sub-page.
+
+---
+
+* <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bca93c85250dab863296780abf55c7105388fac4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 3 Oct 2007 14:28:30 +0200
Subject: The port to Xen is a port.

---
 hurd/running.mdwn                                       |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn |  4 +++-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                     |  2 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn                 | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/xen.mdwn                       | 17 -----------------
 5 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/xen.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 2be73078..82b11b53 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Xen]] - In Xen
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
 * [[LiveCD]] - Live CDs
 * [[QEMU]] - In QEMU
 * [[FlashHurd]] - From a flash stick
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index e9e5bd87..e0e7e4ea 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ on such a system won't succeed.
 
 Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
 [Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
-only) is [[being_worked_on|xen]].
+only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
+
+Read about further [[ports]].
 
 # Memory
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index 1aeb23f2..47967d65 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -8,3 +8,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
 * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
+
+* [[Xen]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d70b4f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Note: since GNU Mach doesn't handle PAE, you need a PAE-disabled Hypervisor.
+
+- Copy `gnumach-xen` and `hurd-modules` to your dom0 /boot.
+- Copy `hurd` into `/etc/xen`, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
+- Run `xm create -c hurd`, gnumach should get started.
+- If `xm` complains about networking, it's Xen fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network. The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs.
+
+If you want to generate these images, first get the `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` branch from gnumach CVS.
+Then look for "Ugly" in `kern/bootstrap.c`, how to generate `hurd-modules` is explained there, and you'll have to fix `EXT2FS_SIZE` and `LD_SO_SIZE` by hand.
+Then use
+
+    ./configure --enable-platform=xen
+    make
+
+Instead, you can get the binaries at <http://dept-info.labri.fr/~thibault/hurd-xen/>.
+
+The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2` and `libc0.3 2.6.1-1`.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/xen.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d70b4f6..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/xen.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Note: since GNU Mach doesn't handle PAE, you need a PAE-disabled Hypervisor.
-
-- Copy `gnumach-xen` and `hurd-modules` to your dom0 /boot.
-- Copy `hurd` into `/etc/xen`, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
-- Run `xm create -c hurd`, gnumach should get started.
-- If `xm` complains about networking, it's Xen fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network. The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs.
-
-If you want to generate these images, first get the `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` branch from gnumach CVS.
-Then look for "Ugly" in `kern/bootstrap.c`, how to generate `hurd-modules` is explained there, and you'll have to fix `EXT2FS_SIZE` and `LD_SO_SIZE` by hand.
-Then use
-
-    ./configure --enable-platform=xen
-    make
-
-Instead, you can get the binaries at <http://dept-info.labri.fr/~thibault/hurd-xen/>.
-
-The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2` and `libc0.3 2.6.1-1`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2d13c2daa9cb2a8554ad0fa8da7da96d1d080599 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 3 Oct 2007 15:02:00 +0200
Subject: Text about libstore, by Stefan Siegl, retrieved from
 <http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/LibStoreIo>.

---
 hurd.mdwn          |  1 +
 hurd/libstore.mdwn | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index fca9cf28..4a969e1a 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 
 * Libraries
   * [[libpager]]
+  * [[libstore]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [[HurdSpecificGlibcApi]]: Functions in GLIBC for the Hurd.
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05d11d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+libstore is more than just a thin layer between gnumach devices (hd0 for
+example) and the device node below /dev ...
+
+=== want to see some examples?
+
+* you can make a file's content available as some block device (where ''foo''
+  is the name of the file to map):
+{{{
+     settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T file foo 
+}}}
+
+* you can even ungzip files on the fly (bunzip2 is available as well):
+{{{
+     settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T gunzip foo.gz
+}}}
+
+* you can use the ''typed'' store, to create filter chains (of course this
+  example is kinda useless since you could use the ''gunzip'' store directly):
+{{{
+     settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T type gunzip:file:foo.gz
+}}}
+
+=== available stores
+|| device || raw device access (used for access to hd0, etc.) ||
+|| file || use a common file as some kind of block device ||
+|| zero || kinda empty block device ||
+|| task || mach task store backend (TODO: what's this) ||
+|| ileave || interleave store (striping) ||
+|| concat || concatenate stuff ||
+|| remap || remap stuff ||
+|| query || TODO: what's this ||
+|| copy || TODO: what's this good for ||
+|| gunzip || gunzip data on the fly ||
+|| bunzip2 || bunzip2 data on the fly ||
+|| nbd || network block device (linux compatible) ||
+|| url || typed store with url syntax ||
+|| typed || typed store (chainable stores thingy) ||
+
+
+=== even weirder stuff ...
+at http://www.kataplop.net/pub/info/projets you can find some effort to make
+some crypto store, I will try to make that running within shortly ...
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 342cc08ad50562f13ec16c52cb7b7579caf2ca47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 3 Oct 2007 15:07:09 +0200
Subject: Begin listing existing translators and those being under development.
 Add a node about the storeio translator.

---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn           |  5 +++--
 hurd/translator.mdwn         | 15 ++++++++++++---
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 05d11d50..9499caf9 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
-libstore is more than just a thin layer between gnumach devices (hd0 for
-example) and the device node below /dev ...
+`libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
+[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
+device node below `/dev`...
 
 === want to see some examples?
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 7656053b..b9e31bfd 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -27,9 +27,18 @@ kernel and thus have absolute access to the machine.
 As the protocols do not require any special privilege
 to implement, this is not an issue on the Hurd.
 
-<!-- Browse through a [[list_of_Hurd_translators|translators]]. -->
-<!-- Doesn't exist yet.  Perhaps one of the old pages could be used?  --tschwinge -->
-
 To learn how to write a translator, read the code!
 It is well documented, in particular, the header files.
 The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
+
+
+# Existing Translators
+
+* [[storeio]]
+* ...
+
+
+# Translators Being Under Development
+
+* [[random]]
+* ...
diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8c6db6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+`storeio` is a *translator for devices and other stores*.
+
+It relies heavily on [[libstore]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cb158c34a866326658f54011e8fe77e0ef1bce23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 3 Oct 2007 15:19:00 +0200
Subject: Move the examples from `hurd/libstore' into `hurd/translator/storeio'
 and apply formatting foo to all of the text.

---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn           | 58 +++++++++++++++-----------------------------
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 9499caf9..87c6842e 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -10,42 +10,22 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
 device node below `/dev`...
 
-=== want to see some examples?
-
-* you can make a file's content available as some block device (where ''foo''
-  is the name of the file to map):
-{{{
-     settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T file foo 
-}}}
-
-* you can even ungzip files on the fly (bunzip2 is available as well):
-{{{
-     settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T gunzip foo.gz
-}}}
-
-* you can use the ''typed'' store, to create filter chains (of course this
-  example is kinda useless since you could use the ''gunzip'' store directly):
-{{{
-     settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T type gunzip:file:foo.gz
-}}}
-
-=== available stores
-|| device || raw device access (used for access to hd0, etc.) ||
-|| file || use a common file as some kind of block device ||
-|| zero || kinda empty block device ||
-|| task || mach task store backend (TODO: what's this) ||
-|| ileave || interleave store (striping) ||
-|| concat || concatenate stuff ||
-|| remap || remap stuff ||
-|| query || TODO: what's this ||
-|| copy || TODO: what's this good for ||
-|| gunzip || gunzip data on the fly ||
-|| bunzip2 || bunzip2 data on the fly ||
-|| nbd || network block device (linux compatible) ||
-|| url || typed store with url syntax ||
-|| typed || typed store (chainable stores thingy) ||
-
-
-=== even weirder stuff ...
-at http://www.kataplop.net/pub/info/projets you can find some effort to make
-some crypto store, I will try to make that running within shortly ...
+# Available Stores
+
+* `device`: raw device access, used for access to `hd0`, etc.
+* `file`: use a common file as some kind of block device.
+* `zero`: kind of an empty block device.
+* `task`: mach task store backend.  TODO: what's this?
+* `ileave`: interleave store (striping).
+* `concat`: concatenate stuff.
+* `remap`: remap stuff.
+* `query`: TODO: what's this?
+* `copy`: TODO: what's this good for?
+* `gunzip`: `gunzip` data on the fly.
+* `bunzip2`: `bunzip2` data on the fly.
+* `nbd`: network block device (Linux-compatible).
+* `url`: typed store with URL syntax.
+* `typed`: typed store (chainable stores thingy).
+
+At <http://www.kataplop.net/pub/info/projets> you can find some effort to make
+some crypto store.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
index d8c6db6c..4493fad1 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -9,3 +9,20 @@ is included in the section entitled
 `storeio` is a *translator for devices and other stores*.
 
 It relies heavily on [[libstore]].
+
+
+# Examples
+
+You can make a file's content available as some block device (where `foo` is
+the name of the file to map):
+
+    settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T file foo
+
+You can even `ungzip` files on the fly (`bunzip2` is available as well):
+
+    settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T gunzip foo.gz
+
+You can use the *typed store*, to create filter chains (of course this example
+is kind of useless since you could use the `gunzip` store directly):
+
+    settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T type gunzip:file:foo.gz
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c3e8d3622155caefdb1b74a5161cc2e2c2035572 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 7 Oct 2007 20:55:18 +0000
Subject: web commit by stesie: new page.

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9999ff92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has contributed some patches, making the pfinet server IPv6 aware.  Because IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are quite related to each other (think of mapped IPv4 addresses, etc.), there is no separate server for IPv6 but support for the latter has been incorporated into the common pfinet.  Unfortunately it's a little bit clumsy now, to set the translator up, since it has to be bound to */servers/socket/2* (like before) as well as */servers/socket/26* (for IPv6).
+
+To achieve this, you can tell pfinet6 to install active translators on specified nodes, using **-4** and **-6** options.  This is, you have to install a passive translator on /servers/socket/2 that also binds the IPv6 port and vice versa.
+
+# Examples
+
+Normal IPv4 network setup, address 192.168.7.23/24 and gateway 192.168.7.1.  IPv6 address shall be assigned using IPv6 auto-configuration.
+
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2  /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2  -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
+
+Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
+
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2  /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 \
+      -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2  -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 \
+      -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
+
+# Multicast reception
+IPv6 heavily relies on multicasting (especially router and neighbour solicits and advertisements), however GNU Mach by default isn't configured to receive and handle those multicast packets.  That is, that neighbour solicitations and thus the whole IPv6 thing won't work.  To make your Mach kernel receive these packets, you've got to set the IFF_ALLMULTI flag in the network glue:
+
+    RCS file: /sources/hurd/gnumach/linux/dev/glue/Attic/net.c,v
+    retrieving revision 1.1.4.7
+    diff -u -r1.1.4.7 net.c
+    --- net.c       27 Mar 2007 22:47:11 -0000      1.1.4.7
+    +++ net.c       7 Oct 2007 17:05:04 -0000
+    @@ -398,8 +398,11 @@
+            }
+           else
+            {
+    -         dev->flags |= LINUX_IFF_UP | LINUX_IFF_RUNNING;
+    +         dev->flags |= LINUX_IFF_UP | LINUX_IFF_RUNNING | LINUX_IFF_ALLMULTI;
+              skb_queue_head_init (&dev->buffs[0]);
+    +
+    +         if (dev->set_multicast_list)
+    +           dev->set_multicast_list (dev);
+            }
+           if (IP_VALID (reply_port))
+            ds_device_open_reply (reply_port, reply_port_type,
+
+If you're using the Xen-version of GNU Mach you don't have to change anything, pfinet6 should work out of the box.
+
+# Binaries
+For your convenience there are binaries of a patched GNU Mach kernel (including default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet6 at <http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/pfinet6/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f62be2ba1b2446e1d942904e99309c94de990406 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 10:56:24 +0200
Subject: Introduce some more line breaks to avoid displaying difficulties due
 to too large lines.

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 9999ff92..891ffde0 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -14,14 +14,22 @@ To achieve this, you can tell pfinet6 to install active translators on specified
 
 Normal IPv4 network setup, address 192.168.7.23/24 and gateway 192.168.7.1.  IPv6 address shall be assigned using IPv6 auto-configuration.
 
-    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2  /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
-    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2  -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
+      -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
 
 Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
 
-    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2  /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 \
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
+      -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 ↩
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
-    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2  -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 \
+    settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 ↩
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
 
 # Multicast reception
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bb94777773a54e5cefe03aa309dcfec40745715f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 11:03:42 +0200
Subject: Some more links, wiki links and formatting.

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 891ffde0..892aff59 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,25 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
-[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has contributed some patches, making the pfinet server IPv6 aware.  Because IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are quite related to each other (think of mapped IPv4 addresses, etc.), there is no separate server for IPv6 but support for the latter has been incorporated into the common pfinet.  Unfortunately it's a little bit clumsy now, to set the translator up, since it has to be bound to */servers/socket/2* (like before) as well as */servers/socket/26* (for IPv6).
+[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has contributed some
+[patches](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-10/msg00014.html),
+making the pfinet server IPv6-aware.  Because the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are
+quite related to each other (think of mapped IPv4 addresses, etc.), there is no
+separate [[server|translator]] for IPv6 but support for the latter has been
+incorporated into the common pfinet.  Unfortunately it's a little bit clumsy
+now to set the [[translator]] up, since it has to be bound to
+*/servers/socket/2* (like before) as well as */servers/socket/26* (for IPv6).
+
+To achieve this, you can tell pfinet6 to install [[active_translators|active]]
+on specified nodes, using **-4** and **-6** options.  This is, you have to
+install a [[passive_translator|passive]] on */servers/socket/2* that also binds
+the IPv6 port and vice versa.
 
-To achieve this, you can tell pfinet6 to install active translators on specified nodes, using **-4** and **-6** options.  This is, you have to install a passive translator on /servers/socket/2 that also binds the IPv6 port and vice versa.
 
 # Examples
 
-Normal IPv4 network setup, address 192.168.7.23/24 and gateway 192.168.7.1.  IPv6 address shall be assigned using IPv6 auto-configuration.
+Normal IPv4 network setup, address 192.168.7.23/24 and gateway 192.168.7.1.
+IPv6 address shall be assigned using IPv6 auto-configuration.
 
     settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2 ↩
       /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
@@ -32,8 +44,15 @@ Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
       -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 ↩
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
 
-# Multicast reception
-IPv6 heavily relies on multicasting (especially router and neighbour solicits and advertisements), however GNU Mach by default isn't configured to receive and handle those multicast packets.  That is, that neighbour solicitations and thus the whole IPv6 thing won't work.  To make your Mach kernel receive these packets, you've got to set the IFF_ALLMULTI flag in the network glue:
+
+# Multicast Reception
+
+IPv6 heavily relies on multicasting (especially router and neighbour solicits
+and advertisements), however [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] by default
+isn't configured to receive and handle those multicast packets.  That is, that
+neighbour solicitations and thus the whole IPv6 thing won't work.  To make your
+Mach kernel receive these packets, you've got to set the IFF_ALLMULTI flag in
+the network glue:
 
     RCS file: /sources/hurd/gnumach/linux/dev/glue/Attic/net.c,v
     retrieving revision 1.1.4.7
@@ -54,7 +73,13 @@ IPv6 heavily relies on multicasting (especially router and neighbour solicits an
            if (IP_VALID (reply_port))
             ds_device_open_reply (reply_port, reply_port_type,
 
-If you're using the Xen-version of GNU Mach you don't have to change anything, pfinet6 should work out of the box.
+If you're using the
+[[Xen-version_of_GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen]] you don't have
+to change anything, pfinet6 should work out of the box.
+
 
 # Binaries
-For your convenience there are binaries of a patched GNU Mach kernel (including default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet6 at <http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/pfinet6/>
+
+For your convenience there are binaries of a patched GNU Mach kernel (including
+default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet6 at
+<http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/pfinet6/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0c1d6d85d207faf73608596d268547c4c7ed0672 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 8 Oct 2007 11:04:41 +0200
Subject: Stub page about pfinet.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn        | 1 +
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index b9e31bfd..d3d8c8ed 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
 # Existing Translators
 
+* [[pfinet]]
 * [[storeio]]
 * ...
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0bd1b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+Notes about [[IPv6]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dcc3ddff7499aa9572f59646865cdf032e62a83c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 9 Oct 2007 09:45:44 +0200
Subject: The patch for multicast reception has been applied to the
 gnumach-1-branch.

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 35 +----------------------------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 34 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 892aff59..0478fc31 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -45,41 +45,8 @@ Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
 
 
-# Multicast Reception
-
-IPv6 heavily relies on multicasting (especially router and neighbour solicits
-and advertisements), however [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] by default
-isn't configured to receive and handle those multicast packets.  That is, that
-neighbour solicitations and thus the whole IPv6 thing won't work.  To make your
-Mach kernel receive these packets, you've got to set the IFF_ALLMULTI flag in
-the network glue:
-
-    RCS file: /sources/hurd/gnumach/linux/dev/glue/Attic/net.c,v
-    retrieving revision 1.1.4.7
-    diff -u -r1.1.4.7 net.c
-    --- net.c       27 Mar 2007 22:47:11 -0000      1.1.4.7
-    +++ net.c       7 Oct 2007 17:05:04 -0000
-    @@ -398,8 +398,11 @@
-            }
-           else
-            {
-    -         dev->flags |= LINUX_IFF_UP | LINUX_IFF_RUNNING;
-    +         dev->flags |= LINUX_IFF_UP | LINUX_IFF_RUNNING | LINUX_IFF_ALLMULTI;
-              skb_queue_head_init (&dev->buffs[0]);
-    +
-    +         if (dev->set_multicast_list)
-    +           dev->set_multicast_list (dev);
-            }
-           if (IP_VALID (reply_port))
-            ds_device_open_reply (reply_port, reply_port_type,
-
-If you're using the
-[[Xen-version_of_GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen]] you don't have
-to change anything, pfinet6 should work out of the box.
-
-
 # Binaries
 
-For your convenience there are binaries of a patched GNU Mach kernel (including
+For your convenience there are binaries of a patched (multicast reception) GNU Mach kernel (including
 default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet6 at
 <http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/pfinet6/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 34daa1c14ec24276e6387a4d89646708bd10dfe5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 9 Oct 2007 10:14:10 +0200
Subject: Refactor, now that the work has been installed upstream.

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 26 ++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 0478fc31..ca1132db 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -6,16 +6,20 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
-[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has contributed some
-[patches](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-10/msg00014.html),
-making the pfinet server IPv6-aware.  Because the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are
+[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has added IPv6 support to the pfinet [[translator]].
+This was [Savannah task #5470](http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?5470).
+
+
+# Implementation
+
+Because the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols are
 quite related to each other (think of mapped IPv4 addresses, etc.), there is no
 separate [[server|translator]] for IPv6 but support for the latter has been
 incorporated into the common pfinet.  Unfortunately it's a little bit clumsy
 now to set the [[translator]] up, since it has to be bound to
 */servers/socket/2* (like before) as well as */servers/socket/26* (for IPv6).
 
-To achieve this, you can tell pfinet6 to install [[active_translators|active]]
+To achieve this, you can tell pfinet to install [[active_translators|active]]
 on specified nodes, using **-4** and **-6** options.  This is, you have to
 install a [[passive_translator|passive]] on */servers/socket/2* that also binds
 the IPv6 port and vice versa.
@@ -27,26 +31,28 @@ Normal IPv4 network setup, address 192.168.7.23/24 and gateway 192.168.7.1.
 IPv6 address shall be assigned using IPv6 auto-configuration.
 
     settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2 ↩
-      /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
       -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
     settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 ↩
-      /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet -4 /servers/socket/2 ↩
       -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1
 
 Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
 
     settrans -fgp /servers/socket/2 ↩
-      /hurd/pfinet6 -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet -6 /servers/socket/26 ↩
       -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 ↩
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
     settrans -fgp /servers/socket/26 ↩
-      /hurd/pfinet6 -4 /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      /hurd/pfinet -4 /servers/socket/2 ↩
       -i eth0 -a 192.168.7.23 -m 255.255.255.0 -g 192.168.7.1 ↩
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
 
 
 # Binaries
 
-For your convenience there are binaries of a patched (multicast reception) GNU Mach kernel (including
-default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet6 at
+For your convenience -- this work is not yet available in the Debian packages
+-- binaries of a patched (multicast reception) GNU Mach kernel (including
+default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet translator
+(named `pfinet6` here) are being provided at
 <http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/pfinet6/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 65c5c2ed0ea1153b54aad5343b5458311bafc8d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 19 Oct 2007 16:57:22 +0000
Subject: web commit by NealWalfield: Rework introduction.  Remove history text
 and add link to [[History]].

---
 hurd/ng.mdwn | 22 +++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index 25677414..021f5723 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
-There is an effort to create a completely new system design (for now called
-ngHurd, or Hurd-ng or HurdNG), which originated from the Hurd/L4 port.
-
-The original Hurd/L4, which was meant to be mostly a direct port of the
-existing Hurd design to a new microkernel, has been abandoned by it's main
-developers, because some technical issues with the L4 Pistachio kernel turned
-out to be very fundamental. While reeveluating the design (and upcoming new L4
-variants), the developers picked up some new ideas, and decided that now they
-rather want to work on a completely different design, which combines some of
-the original Hurd ideas with concepts from Jonathan Shapiro's high security
-EROS and Coyotos systems.
-
-There has been numerous endless discussions on the
-[[l4-hurd_mailing_list|mailinglists]] about these new ideas. This page tries to
-sum up the major discussions.
+Hurd-ng is an effort to build a new operating system that preserves
+the main design goals of the Hurd while fixing some of the Hurd's
+shortcomings.  There is not yet an official roadmap or a concrete
+specification; indeed, much of the work is research oriented.
 
+These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
+
+* [[History]]
 
 # Why ngHurd
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 16545b7303631ab75852b12c89995246878c69ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 19 Oct 2007 17:14:08 +0000
Subject: web commit by NealWalfield: Create based on
 http://www.mail-archive.com/gnu-system-discuss@gnu.org/msg00536.html

---
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/history.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7fba575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+The idea of using L4 was initially voiced in the Hurd community by Okuji.
+He created the l4-hurd mailing list in November 2000.  It does not appear
+that he got any further than simply suggesting it as an alternative to Mach
+and doing some reading.
+
+[[NealWalfield]] started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe
+in 2002.  "My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and
+intended design patterns; it was not to simply provide a Mach
+compatibility layer on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer
+had access to Pistachio as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.  Although
+the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
+their code in May 2003][1].  Around this time, Marcus began hacking on
+Pistachio.  He created a relatively complete run-time.  I didn't
+really become involved again until the second half of 2004, after I
+complete by Bachelors degree.
+
+Before Marcus and I considered Coyotos, we had already rejected some
+parts of the Hurd's design.  The resource management problems were
+what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
+translators were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
+description of the problems we have identified, see our [[Critique]] in this
+month's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
+[[PositionPaper]].)
+
+We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted
+in a number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in
+a way which aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was
+particularly true of a number of security issues.
+
+Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the
+system that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and
+description of the system's structure.  The new name was selected, if
+I recall correctly, as it clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based
+on L4."
+
+  [1]: https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 63c6731e332829d0cccd67c36ae80bae8d724668 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2007 22:35:00 +0200
Subject: Reformat some bits.

---
 hurd/critique.mdwn | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 862e63ae..600936c7 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
-[[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled
-"[A Critique of the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating System](http://walfield.org/papers/200707-walfield-critique-of-the-GNU-Hurd.pdf)."
-This was published in ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review in
-July 2007.  This is sometimes referred to as "the critique."
+[[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
+the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating
+System*](http://walfield.org/papers/200707-walfield-critique-of-the-GNU-Hurd.pdf).
+This was published in ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review in July 2007.  This
+is sometimes referred to as *the Critique*.
 
 The paper provides a technical overview of the Hurd's
 architecture and critiques some of the decisions made.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 03cedc0c5660c9b474c9118ace62f6f16edbe5c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2007 22:35:19 +0200
Subject: Add stub for the Position Paper.

---
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a45ea31b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+[[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*Improving
+Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy
+Refinement*](http://walfield.org/papers/20070104-walfield-access-decomposition-policy-refinement.pdf).
+This is sometimes referred to as *the Position Paper*.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5afe9938d66ffd4b62ce0be5a252a4525d652445 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2007 22:36:13 +0200
Subject: Add some more wiki links and more suitable ikiwiki syntax.

---
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn | 63 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index c7fba575..c6c23aa4 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -6,39 +6,40 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
 
-The idea of using L4 was initially voiced in the Hurd community by Okuji.
-He created the l4-hurd mailing list in November 2000.  It does not appear
-that he got any further than simply suggesting it as an alternative to Mach
-and doing some reading.
+The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
+[[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
+by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the [[*l4-hurd*_mailing_list|mailinglists]] in
+November 2000.  It does not appear that he got any further than simply
+suggesting it as an alternative to [[microkernel/Mach]] and doing some reading.
 
-[[NealWalfield]] started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe
-in 2002.  "My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and
-intended design patterns; it was not to simply provide a Mach
-compatibility layer on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer
-had access to Pistachio as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.  Although
-the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
-their code in May 2003][1].  Around this time, Marcus began hacking on
-Pistachio.  He created a relatively complete run-time.  I didn't
-really become involved again until the second half of 2004, after I
-complete by Bachelors degree.
+[[NealWalfield]] started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.
+He explains:
 
-Before Marcus and I considered Coyotos, we had already rejected some
-parts of the Hurd's design.  The resource management problems were
-what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
-translators were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
-description of the problems we have identified, see our [[Critique]] in this
-month's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
-[[PositionPaper]].)
+> My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
+> [[design_pattern]]s; it was not to simply provide a Mach
+> [[compatibility_layer]] on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer had
+> access to [[microkernel/l4/Pistachio]] as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.
+> Although the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
+> their code in May
+> 2003](https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html).
+> Around this time, Marcus began hacking on Pistachio.  He created a relatively
+> complete run-time.  I didn't really become involved again until the second
+> half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
 
-We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted
-in a number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in
-a way which aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was
-particularly true of a number of security issues.
+> Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
+> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The resource management problems
+> were what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
+> [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
+> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[Critique]] in the
+> 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
+> [[Position_Paper]].)
 
-Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the
-system that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and
-description of the system's structure.  The new name was selected, if
-I recall correctly, as it clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based
-on L4."
+> We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
+> number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
+> aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
+> a number of security issues.
 
-  [1]: https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html
+> Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
+> that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
+> system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
+> clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b0a3381333408ef4e37751c43da19572ee78be41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 24 Oct 2007 20:28:55 +0200
Subject: Link to [[critique]] and [[position_paper]].

---
 hurd/critique.mdwn           | 2 +-
 hurd/ng.mdwn                 | 4 +---
 hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn     | 6 +++---
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn         | 4 ++--
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn  | 2 +-
 hurd/ng/systemstructure.mdwn | 6 +++---
 6 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 600936c7..24f43198 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating
 System*](http://walfield.org/papers/200707-walfield-critique-of-the-GNU-Hurd.pdf).
 This was published in ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review in July 2007.  This
-is sometimes referred to as *the Critique*.
+is sometimes referred to as *the critique*.
 
 The paper provides a technical overview of the Hurd's
 architecture and critiques some of the decisions made.
diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index 021f5723..c423dda9 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ This section explains the motivations behind the new design:
 
 # Work already done
 
-A [position
-paper](http://walfield.org/papers/20070104-walfield-access-decomposition-policy-refinement.pdf)
-by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal H. Walfield can be found.
+A [[position_paper]] by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal H. Walfield can be found.
 
 A draft specification of the Hurd-NG interfaces has been, but is no longer,
 available.
diff --git a/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn b/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn
index 5dbd7018..9e685e55 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 ## <a name="The_Position_Paper"> The Position Paper </a>
 
-_Improving Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy Refinement_ tries to capture technical objectives. As has been stated by Neal in [2], these are a number of scenarios we are interested in addressing:
+The [[position_paper]] tries to capture technical objectives. As has been
+stated by Neal in [2], these are a number of scenarios we are interested in
+addressing:
 
 * security: programs are not users; they should be constrained according to the user's intents
 * resource management
@@ -49,5 +51,3 @@ Therefore, I'd want to propose to weaken the impact of extensibility on the desi
 
 * [1] <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-11/msg00037.html>
 * [2] <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2007-01/msg00122.html>
-
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index c6c23aa4..b9f083f3 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ He explains:
 > rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The resource management problems
 > were what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
 > [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
-> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[Critique]] in the
+> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[critique]] in the
 > 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
-> [[Position_Paper]].)
+> [[position_paper]].)
 
 > We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
 > number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
index a45ea31b..b163aea7 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*Improving
 Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy
 Refinement*](http://walfield.org/papers/20070104-walfield-access-decomposition-policy-refinement.pdf).
-This is sometimes referred to as *the Position Paper*.
+This is sometimes referred to as *the position paper*.
diff --git a/hurd/ng/systemstructure.mdwn b/hurd/ng/systemstructure.mdwn
index 8a9bdbe8..ef069edd 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/systemstructure.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/systemstructure.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-TBD, see: <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-05/msg00324.html> (thread). Also, note that this is derived from [[Philosophy]]. See the interface spec and the position paper as well.
-
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 31 Aug 2006
+TBD, see: <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-05/msg00324.html>
+(thread). Also, note that this is derived from [[Philosophy]]. See the
+interface spec and the [[position_paper]] as well.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8e9b486b1b6678f2db9b05213f44d3aa3ea6ad18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 20:59:23 +0100
Subject: Add a warning.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 13abb963..16a26284 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ For now, find the shell scripts at
 
 Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
 
+/!\ Be made aware that -- while it is of course possible to build a working
+cross-compiler -- this is not trivial to do.  You'll have to patch several of
+the source packages.  See the corresponding Debian unstable source packages
+about which Hurd-specific patches exist and check which of them are not yet in
+the upstream source packages.  Not all of the patches from the Debian packages
+are needed for getting a functional tool chain, though.  Applying patches is
+definitely needed for the glibc, Hurd and GCC source packages, as there are a
+bunch of outstanding patches that are needed for getting a functional build.
+
+
 Feel free to ask questions or report problems on this page's [[discussion]]
 sub-page.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d365bf423e46ec2200679da147606e0489299376 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 21:23:22 +0100
Subject: Some bits about how to get a backtrace.

---
 hurd/debugging.mdwn               |  1 +
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn           |  2 ++
 hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 5a825479..5f4184e3 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 # Strategies
 
 * [[GDB]] -- the GNU debugger
+  * [[gdb/Backtrace]]s
 * [[subhurd]] -- running another Hurd system in parallel
 * [[rpctrace]] -- tracing [[RPC]]s
 
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index 02c66711..d9d6de02 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ features](http://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb_19.html#Hurd%20Native
 to offer, such as [[noninvasive_debugging]] (for avoiding [[deadlock]]s), for
 example.
 
+* [[Backtrace]]s
+
 * [Manual](http://sourceware.org/gdb/documentation/)
 
 * [When disassemble doesn't work](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-02/msg00039.html)
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62067392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+When someone asks you to supply a backtrace (from a [[segmentation_fault]], for
+example), here is roughly what you have to do.
+
+Run the faulting program like this:
+
+    $ gdb --args PROGRAM [ARGUMENTS]
+    [...]
+    (gdb) run
+    [...]
+    [Segmentation fault.]
+    (gdb) bt
+    [...]
+
+(!) This will only provide useful information if the executable (and additional
+libraries) contain debugging symbols, or those are available separartely.
+
+If you're one a [[Debian_GNU/Hurd_system|running/distrib/debian]], you'll have
+to have the *hurd-dbg* package installed for debugging Hurd stuff, and perhaps
+*libc0.3-dbg* as well if it's inside the glibc.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cbfdda1939077550ca90b3609b031c2fa111e610 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 21:29:27 +0100
Subject: The quick and dirty way of getting /dev/{,u}random.

---
 hurd/translator/random.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/random.mdwn b/hurd/translator/random.mdwn
index 294531d1..afb76953 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/random.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/random.mdwn
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ but they are not yet in the default installation.
     for GNU
     Mach](http://download.ibofobi.dk/hurd-entropy/gnumach-entropy.diff.bz2).
 
+* Quick and dirty way:
+
+    sudo cp /bin/bash /dev/random
+    sudo ln -s random /dev/urandom
+
 ---
 
 # Setup Tips
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d96e3c9217a6b8ac123720a9857400bafb138676 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 21:31:01 +0100
Subject: Stub for fatfs.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn       | 1 +
 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index d3d8c8ed..112693a6 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
 * [[pfinet]]
 * [[storeio]]
+* [[fatfs]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..436ecf99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+The current `fatfs` translator is read-only.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 592101a033b67b9f732d8938798ddf535d177d0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Oct 2007 21:37:07 +0100
Subject: Stub for ext2fs.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn        |  1 +
 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 112693a6..afd9b647 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
 * [[pfinet]]
 * [[storeio]]
+* [[ext2fs]]
 * [[fatfs]]
 * ...
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c644d0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+
+The `ext2fs` translator from the upstream Hurd code base can only handle file
+systems with sizes of less than roughly 2 GiB.
+
+A patch exists to lift this limitation (and is being used in the
+[[Debian_GNU/Hurd_distribution|running/debian]]), but it introduces another
+incompatibility: `ext2fs` then only supports block sizes of 4096 bytes.
+Smaller block sizes are commonly automatically selected by `mke2fs` when using
+small backend stores, like floppy devices.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cd10b4a51603da6fb701b0997dcbf42f8f6c317d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 9 Nov 2007 16:38:01 +0100
Subject: Get rid of the TXT version of the FDL and switch to using the
 Texinfo-rendered one instead.

---
 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn                                |   2 +-
 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn                               |   2 +-
 abac.mdwn                                          |   2 +-
 about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn         |   2 +-
 asbestos.mdwn                                      |   2 +-
 capability.mdwn                                    |   2 +-
 community/facebook.mdwn                            |   2 +-
 community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn          |   2 +-
 confused_deputy.mdwn                               |   2 +-
 designation.mdwn                                   |   2 +-
 destructive_interference.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 empty_page.mdwn                                    |   2 +-
 extensibility.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 fdl.txt                                            | 397 ---------------------
 how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn                |   2 +-
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                           |   2 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                 |   2 +-
 hurd/concepts.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 hurd/contributing.mdwn                             |   2 +-
 hurd/critique.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                |   2 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn                            |   2 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn                  |   2 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn      |   2 +-
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn                           |   2 +-
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn                       |   2 +-
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                              |   2 +-
 hurd/history.mdwn                                  |   2 +-
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                       |   2 +-
 hurd/libpager.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 hurd/logo.mdwn                                     |   2 +-
 hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn                             |   2 +-
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn                               |   2 +-
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn                        |   2 +-
 hurd/running.mdwn                                  |   2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn          |   2 +-
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                                  |   2 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                               |   2 +-
 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn                        |   2 +-
 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn                         |   2 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn                        |   2 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn                   |   2 +-
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn                       |   2 +-
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 ibac.mdwn                                          |   2 +-
 idl.mdwn                                           |   2 +-
 index/discussion.mdwn                              |   2 +-
 ipc.mdwn                                           |   2 +-
 isolation.mdwn                                     |   2 +-
 license.html                                       |   2 +-
 liedtke.mdwn                                       |   2 +-
 mechanism.mdwn                                     |   2 +-
 microkernel.mdwn                                   |   2 +-
 microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn                     |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn     |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn           |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn            |   2 +-
 .../mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn    |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn                          |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn       |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/port.mdwn                         |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn                          |   2 +-
 naming_context.mdwn                                |   2 +-
 persistency.mdwn                                   |   2 +-
 policy.mdwn                                        |   2 +-
 principal.mdwn                                     |   2 +-
 rpc.mdwn                                           |   2 +-
 sfi.mdwn                                           |   2 +-
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |   2 +-
 tcb.mdwn                                           |   2 +-
 trust.mdwn                                         |   2 +-
 75 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 471 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 fdl.txt

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
index 1730c7bc..07d5ebd9 100644
--- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[toc ]]
 
diff --git a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
index bcae817c..f14a6939 100644
--- a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The Hurd is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels.
 
diff --git a/abac.mdwn b/abac.mdwn
index e4486c10..1a0db406 100644
--- a/abac.mdwn
+++ b/abac.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 ABAC stands for authorization-based access control.
 In this model, access is not granted based on the
diff --git a/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn b/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
index bf8fb1fa..01f284e3 100644
--- a/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
+++ b/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # Some Quick Notes About the *TWiki to ikiwiki* Conversion
 
diff --git a/asbestos.mdwn b/asbestos.mdwn
index f3c8d94a..838dfd0d 100644
--- a/asbestos.mdwn
+++ b/asbestos.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Asbestos is an operating system developed at MIT, Stanford
 and UCLA to explore information flow control policies.  The motivation
diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index 0e06a6d6..bb849cae 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 A capability is a protected reference.  It is a reference in that
 it designates an object; it is protected in that in cannot be
diff --git a/community/facebook.mdwn b/community/facebook.mdwn
index 07e6eaf9..a6e9e558 100644
--- a/community/facebook.mdwn
+++ b/community/facebook.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 There is [a Facebook group for the Hurd](http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=5141429597). If you're on Facebook, join it and say hello.
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
index 60b6a1cf..d34bf045 100644
--- a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 On the weekend 2007-10-12 to 14 [[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] invited Hurd people.
 Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] came, as well as novice
diff --git a/confused_deputy.mdwn b/confused_deputy.mdwn
index 01c3513a..ac4a9ede 100644
--- a/confused_deputy.mdwn
+++ b/confused_deputy.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [The confused deputy](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/ConfusedDeputy.html)
 problem was articulated by Norm Hardy.  It is a possible consequence
diff --git a/designation.mdwn b/designation.mdwn
index 55037939..c9c7c166 100644
--- a/designation.mdwn
+++ b/designation.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 To designate is to name.
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index 44e0855e..2ace1a33 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Interference can be destructive or non-destructive.  When a [[principal]]
 invokes an object (thereby requesting a service) and the implementation
diff --git a/empty_page.mdwn b/empty_page.mdwn
index 47464167..200ed59e 100644
--- a/empty_page.mdwn
+++ b/empty_page.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
 line.
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index edfd78d2..ba7359a0 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
 means providing non-privileged mechanisms to extend existing objects and to
diff --git a/fdl.txt b/fdl.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a0fe1c8..00000000
--- a/fdl.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,397 +0,0 @@
-		GNU Free Documentation License
-		  Version 1.2, November 2002
-
-
- Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-     51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-
-0. PREAMBLE
-
-The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
-functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
-assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
-with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
-Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
-to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
-for modifications made by others.
-
-This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
-works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
-complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
-license designed for free software.
-
-We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
-software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
-program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
-software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
-it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
-whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
-principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
-
-
-1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
-
-This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
-contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
-distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
-world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
-work under the conditions stated herein.  The "Document", below,
-refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
-licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept the license if you
-copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
-under copyright law.
-
-A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
-Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
-modifications and/or translated into another language.
-
-A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
-the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
-publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
-(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
-within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
-textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
-mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
-connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
-commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
-them.
-
-The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
-are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
-that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
-section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
-allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
-Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
-Sections then there are none.
-
-The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
-as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
-the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
-be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
-
-A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
-represented in a format whose specification is available to the
-general public, that is suitable for revising the document
-straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
-pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
-drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
-for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
-to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
-format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
-or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
-An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
-of text.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
-
-Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
-ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
-or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
-HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
-transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
-include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
-proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
-processing tools are not generally available, and the
-machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
-processors for output purposes only.
-
-The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
-plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
-this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
-formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
-the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
-preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
-
-A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
-title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
-text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
-specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
-"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)  To "Preserve the Title"
-of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
-section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
-
-The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
-states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
-Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
-License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
-implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
-no effect on the meaning of this License.
-
-
-2. VERBATIM COPYING
-
-You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
-commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
-copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
-to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
-conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
-technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
-copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
-compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
-number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
-
-You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
-you may publicly display copies.
-
-
-3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
-
-If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
-printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
-Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
-copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
-Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
-the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
-you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
-the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
-visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
-Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
-the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
-as verbatim copying in other respects.
-
-If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
-legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
-reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
-pages.
-
-If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
-more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
-copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
-a computer-network location from which the general network-using
-public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
-a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
-If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
-when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
-that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
-location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
-Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
-edition to the public.
-
-It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
-Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
-them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-
-
-4. MODIFICATIONS
-
-You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
-the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
-the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
-Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
-and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
-of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
-
-A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
-   from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
-   (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
-   of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
-   if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
-B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
-   responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
-   Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
-   Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
-   unless they release you from this requirement.
-C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
-   Modified Version, as the publisher.
-D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
-   adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
-   giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
-   terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
-   and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
-H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
-I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
-   to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
-   publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
-   there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
-   stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
-   given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
-   Version as stated in the previous sentence.
-J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
-   public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
-   the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
-   it was based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.
-   You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
-   least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
-   publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
-K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
-   Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
-   the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
-   and/or dedications given therein.
-L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
-   unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
-   or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
-M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
-   may not be included in the Modified Version.
-N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
-   or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
-O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
-
-If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
-appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
-copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
-of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
-list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
-These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
-
-You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
-nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
-parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
-been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
-standard.
-
-You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
-passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
-of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
-Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
-through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
-includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
-by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
-you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
-permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
-
-The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
-give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
-imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
-
-
-5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
-
-You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
-License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
-versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
-Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
-list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
-license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
-
-The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
-multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
-copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
-different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
-adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
-author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
-Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
-Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
-
-In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
-in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
-"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
-and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You must delete all sections
-Entitled "Endorsements".
-
-
-6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
-
-You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
-released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
-License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
-the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
-verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
-
-You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
-it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
-License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
-other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-
-
-7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
-
-A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
-and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
-distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
-resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
-of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
-When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
-apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
-derivative works of the Document.
-
-If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
-copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
-the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
-covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
-electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
-Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
-aggregate.
-
-
-8. TRANSLATION
-
-Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
-distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
-Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
-permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
-translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
-original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
-translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
-Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
-the original English version of this License and the original versions
-of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
-the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
-or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
-
-If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
-"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
-its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
-title.
-
-
-9. TERMINATION
-
-You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
-as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
-copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
-automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
-parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
-License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
-parties remain in full compliance.
-
-
-10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
-
-The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
-of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
-versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
-differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
-http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
-
-Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
-If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
-License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
-following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
-of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
-Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
-number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
-as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-
-ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
-
-To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
-the License in the document and put the following copyright and
-license notices just after the title page:
-
-    Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
-    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-    under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
-    or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-    with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-    A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
-    Free Documentation License".
-
-If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
-replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
-
-    with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
-    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
-
-If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
-combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
-situation.
-
-If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
-recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
-free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
-to permit their use in free software.
diff --git a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
index 3ee9a782..43d5b23e 100644
--- a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
+++ b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 (!) Some general hints first; they may sound very familiar from other software
 projects:
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index 7502aa7d..54dc8de2 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 UIDs on the Hurd are separate from processes.  A process has
 [[capabilities|capability]] designating so-called UID vectors that
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 16a26284..dd8edd0d 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
 complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index f56af8f0..1158d357 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 * [[Translator]]
 * [[Virtual_File_System]]
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
index 9d07e740..132894ce 100644
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # Porting Applications
 
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 24f43198..4db8726f 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
 the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 5f4184e3..f2f5dcd6 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # Strategies
 
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index d9d6de02..f01a5461 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) works on GNU/Hurd
 systems as it does on other system, but has some additional [hurd-specific
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
index 62067392..158031c4 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 When someone asks you to supply a backtrace (from a [[segmentation_fault]], for
 example), here is roughly what you have to do.
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index 63e970e2..18355c8c 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a system server can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
 can however still use GDB by using the [`set
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
index f5c8bd34..2f758920 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Say you want to try running file system server (*[[translator/ext2fs]]*<!--`[[translator/ext2fs]]`-->,
 *[[translator/jfs]]*<!--`[[translator/jfs]]`-->, ...)  against a modified version of *[[libpager]]*<!--`[[libpager]]`--> and
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index de85a8b7..05003fab 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 *rpctrace* is -- roughly -- an equivavlent to Linux's *strace* or Solaris' or
 BSD's *truss*.  It is used to trace [[remote_procedure_call|rpc]]s a process is
diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index d7f96323..704dcc07 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # Essential Documentation
 
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index 9f442b93..d556b5d5 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 <a href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html" target="_top">History 1997-2003</a></dt>
 <dd> Personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index c7bdb135..b277fb5e 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the [Hurd Hacking Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html)
 contains an overview of some of the Hurd's features. 
diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index b51b9efd..f59d9a74 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Mach's [[microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism]].
 
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 87c6842e..b484accb 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 `libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index 345b443e..b39a1525 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
 <http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
diff --git a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
index ac2939ec..9228d6ca 100644
--- a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 It is possible to run multiple instances of the Hurd
 in parallel, on a single instance of Mach.  Other than
diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index b9f083f3..0df6dc8e 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
 [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
index b163aea7..901aae1a 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*Improving
 Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 82b11b53..28b9b241 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
index 6d03be5a..ad4fa9af 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # How to Installing Packages without a Network Connection from your Hurd Installation
 
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index e976a5ff..8751b459 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 A sub-Hurd is like a [[neighbor_Hurd|neighborhurd]], however, makes use of some
 resources provided by another Hurd.  For instance, backing store and the
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index afd9b647..9e72d108 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 A translator is simply a normal program acting as
 an object server and participating in the Hurd's
diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
index c644d0ca..9a5a9106 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The `ext2fs` translator from the upstream Hurd code base can only handle file
 systems with sizes of less than roughly 2 GiB.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
index 436ecf99..d1a4b69c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The current `fatfs` translator is read-only.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
index c0bd1b28..2790c601 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Notes about [[IPv6]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index ca1132db..739fd47c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has added IPv6 support to the pfinet [[translator]].
 This was [Savannah task #5470](http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?5470).
diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
index 4493fad1..58834ef1 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 `storeio` is a *translator for devices and other stores*.
 
diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index e39c7705..f3c2faaf 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Path names are resolved using a distributed protocol.
 No single entity is responsible for the resolution of
diff --git a/ibac.mdwn b/ibac.mdwn
index 91bd5274..3e860a0c 100644
--- a/ibac.mdwn
+++ b/ibac.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 IBAC stands for identity-based access control.
 In this access control scheme, access to a resource
diff --git a/idl.mdwn b/idl.mdwn
index bcaacdec..67c69830 100644
--- a/idl.mdwn
+++ b/idl.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 An IDL is an interface definition language.  The most well-known is
 CORBA.  An IDL compiler takes a specification and generates stubs
diff --git a/index/discussion.mdwn b/index/discussion.mdwn
index 4d6b53f7..c9a7517c 100644
--- a/index/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/index/discussion.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # TODO
 
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index 09d8499c..8047970d 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 IPC stands for interprocess communication.
 
diff --git a/isolation.mdwn b/isolation.mdwn
index cd6c0eea..0e3e41c0 100644
--- a/isolation.mdwn
+++ b/isolation.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 When two [[principal]]s cannot affect each other, they are said to
 be isolated from one another.  Strictly speaking, if two principals
diff --git a/license.html b/license.html
index a626f556..9b2ddd4f 100644
--- a/license.html
+++ b/license.html
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
 terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
 published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
 Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included
-in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]].
+in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]].
diff --git a/liedtke.mdwn b/liedtke.mdwn
index 927b1d1e..95dacdcb 100644
--- a/liedtke.mdwn
+++ b/liedtke.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Liedtke is the father of [[microkernel/L4]].
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index e991a8b2..959ac003 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
 defines a mechanism as:
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index 21a826dc..944169ab 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642)
 that a microkernel attempts to minimize the mandatory part of the operating
diff --git a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
index f31111a7..bf9920e3 100644
--- a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # Concepts
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index ac9dd6ec..6c72d951 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 - OSF's [Kernel Interface](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_interface.ps)
 - OSF's [Kernel Principles](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_principles.ps)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index 2c917ff6..09a9919b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Mach provides a so-called external pager [[mechanism]].  This
 mechanism serves to separate *managing memory* from *managing
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 5ad50f73..3a46ea82 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 GNU Mach is currently used by the GNU [[Hurd]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
index 495dfbf4..668a5977 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 `if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
index 94fdb461..0f550dcd 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
 [Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index aa30189e..67cd9a38 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 # CPU Architecture
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index 47967d65..6bed775f 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
 * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
index a6aef7c7..abe536a1 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[General_information|/ipc]] about IPC.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
index 78a49c1a..602280f7 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Mach's [[IPC]] mechanism allows for getting access to a message's sequence
 number.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
index c572cfbb..df4420ab 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Mach ports are [[capabilities|capability]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
index b2e04908..9db99e74 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[General_information|/rpc]] about RPC.
 
diff --git a/naming_context.mdwn b/naming_context.mdwn
index 5c2badb9..14a9d9a0 100644
--- a/naming_context.mdwn
+++ b/naming_context.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 Names are bindings to objects, however, to find an object
 given a name, the relation must be looked up in a
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index 370cbadf..1df99bc2 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
 On Unix, files and directories are persistent but
diff --git a/policy.mdwn b/policy.mdwn
index e11720a5..6111e077 100644
--- a/policy.mdwn
+++ b/policy.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 A policy is a rule that define what may or may not happens, not
 how it happens.  The latter is referred to as [[mechanism]].
diff --git a/principal.mdwn b/principal.mdwn
index 6092f967..891c3224 100644
--- a/principal.mdwn
+++ b/principal.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 A principal is an accountable entity.  A principal may be
 a user.  On some computer systems, users are represented by their
diff --git a/rpc.mdwn b/rpc.mdwn
index 4da79eb9..0878ac52 100644
--- a/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/rpc.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 RPC stands for remote procedure call.
diff --git a/sfi.mdwn b/sfi.mdwn
index a3a78832..8384b55c 100644
--- a/sfi.mdwn
+++ b/sfi.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 SFI stands for Software-Based Fault Isolation.  SFI is an [[isolation]]
 technique described by Wahbe et al. in their 1993 paper [Effcient
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 21d24b7a..266b5f44 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 [[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]]
 
diff --git a/tcb.mdwn b/tcb.mdwn
index 0dc4d2fb..7eba1fc1 100644
--- a/tcb.mdwn
+++ b/tcb.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 TCB stands for trusted computed base.  Unqualified, the trusted
 computing base referrers to the set of components programs
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index d96f702f..341e394b 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl.txt]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 The word trust is used in a number of contexts with different technical meanings.
 Sometimes it is used to confuse, for instance trusted computing is rarely about
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1bea92e3838ac9a413544f6f22683185cde08d74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 19:05:14 +0100
Subject: Reintegrate [[Hurd/HostmuxTranslator]] as
 [[hurd/translator/hostmux.mdwn]].

---
 Hurd/HostmuxTranslator.mdwn  | 31 -------------------------------
 hurd/translator.mdwn         |  1 +
 hurd/translator/hostmux.mdwn | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/HostmuxTranslator.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/hostmux.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/HostmuxTranslator.mdwn b/Hurd/HostmuxTranslator.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 5fab2dc5..00000000
--- a/Hurd/HostmuxTranslator.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-Multiplexes arbitrary host names, making access to many differnt host fast and easy.
-
-For each host accessed via a directory an new translator is started with the hostname as option. Say, /hostmuxdemo should let you access your favourite host with your translator mytranslatorfs.
-
-<code>**ls /hostmuxdemo/mybox/**</code> would give the result of mytranslatorfs applied to host mybox.
-
-## <a name="Usage"> Usage </a>
-
-Hostmux takes translator options as argument and (in the easiest case ) starts the translator with the given arguments and the hostname as the last argument.
-
-### <a name="ftpfs"> ftpfs </a>
-
-ftpfs is a good example, that is even very usefull. With hostmux and ftpfs you can access anonymous ftp via the filesystem, sparing out complicate use of a ftp client.
-
-We assume you want to access the ftp root at all servers. The example host is ftp.yourbox.com.
-
-Usermux is called via <code>**settrans -fgap /ftp /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /**</code> .
-
-* <code>**-fg**</code> makes settrans try hard to remove an existing old translator from <code>**/ftp**</code>
-* <code>**ap**</code> sets an active translator (starts the translator) and a passive translator (stores translator information in the filesystem with which an active translator can be started on access of this node)
-* <code>**/ftp**</code> is where we want to set the translator
-* <code>**/hurd/hostmux**</code> is obviously our hostmux translator that will be started at <code>**/ftp**</code> and handle filesystem operations on <code>**/ftp**</code> and everything below (like <code>**/ftp/ftp.yourbox.com/pub/**</code>)
-* <code>**/hurd/ftpfs /**</code> is the argument to hostmux.
-
-When <code>**/ftp**</code> is accessed, the first directory is interpreted as hostname and a new translator is set up with the <code>**hostmux**</code> arguments:
-
-<code>**ls /ftp/ftp.yourhost.com/pub/**</code> lets hostmux start a new traslator <code>**/hurd/ftpfs / ftp.yourhost.com**</code> and serve it via <code>**/ftp/ftp.yourhos  t.com/**</code> as directory. Subsequent the directory <code>**pub/**</code> on <code>**/ftp.yourhost.com/**</code> can be accessed via the new created translator.
-
-You can see the new created translator in the process list: <code>**ps ax | grep ftpsfs**</code> . You shoud see <code>**/hurd/ftpfs / ftp.yourhost.com**</code> .
-
--- [[Main/PatrickStrasser]] - 13 Jul 2004
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 9e72d108..f09b5398 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 # Existing Translators
 
 * [[pfinet]]
+* [[hostmux]]
 * [[storeio]]
 * [[ext2fs]]
 * [[fatfs]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/hostmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/hostmux.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fab2dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/hostmux.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Multiplexes arbitrary host names, making access to many differnt host fast and easy.
+
+For each host accessed via a directory an new translator is started with the hostname as option. Say, /hostmuxdemo should let you access your favourite host with your translator mytranslatorfs.
+
+<code>**ls /hostmuxdemo/mybox/**</code> would give the result of mytranslatorfs applied to host mybox.
+
+## <a name="Usage"> Usage </a>
+
+Hostmux takes translator options as argument and (in the easiest case ) starts the translator with the given arguments and the hostname as the last argument.
+
+### <a name="ftpfs"> ftpfs </a>
+
+ftpfs is a good example, that is even very usefull. With hostmux and ftpfs you can access anonymous ftp via the filesystem, sparing out complicate use of a ftp client.
+
+We assume you want to access the ftp root at all servers. The example host is ftp.yourbox.com.
+
+Usermux is called via <code>**settrans -fgap /ftp /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /**</code> .
+
+* <code>**-fg**</code> makes settrans try hard to remove an existing old translator from <code>**/ftp**</code>
+* <code>**ap**</code> sets an active translator (starts the translator) and a passive translator (stores translator information in the filesystem with which an active translator can be started on access of this node)
+* <code>**/ftp**</code> is where we want to set the translator
+* <code>**/hurd/hostmux**</code> is obviously our hostmux translator that will be started at <code>**/ftp**</code> and handle filesystem operations on <code>**/ftp**</code> and everything below (like <code>**/ftp/ftp.yourbox.com/pub/**</code>)
+* <code>**/hurd/ftpfs /**</code> is the argument to hostmux.
+
+When <code>**/ftp**</code> is accessed, the first directory is interpreted as hostname and a new translator is set up with the <code>**hostmux**</code> arguments:
+
+<code>**ls /ftp/ftp.yourhost.com/pub/**</code> lets hostmux start a new traslator <code>**/hurd/ftpfs / ftp.yourhost.com**</code> and serve it via <code>**/ftp/ftp.yourhos  t.com/**</code> as directory. Subsequent the directory <code>**pub/**</code> on <code>**/ftp.yourhost.com/**</code> can be accessed via the new created translator.
+
+You can see the new created translator in the process list: <code>**ps ax | grep ftpsfs**</code> . You shoud see <code>**/hurd/ftpfs / ftp.yourhost.com**</code> .
+
+-- [[Main/PatrickStrasser]] - 13 Jul 2004
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a1a4a9f06dd2621614910bc63cc934e28300ace8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 10:50:18 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram

---
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index 000fb5aa..d941abee 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Lets clean this up.
     * Probably we should set up a Savannah project
   * How to handle experimental patches to the core packages (Hurd, Mach, libc etc.) that are not in official CVS yet?
 
+## Resources
+
+ * Universal package manager [[universalpackagemanager]]
+ * How to set up GNU and archiver for GNU [[setupgnu]]
+
 ## <a name="Todo"> Todo </a>
 
 1. AMS had made a GNU release. We can try it and test it to good use. We can fix broken things in it, and enhance it.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From df0e72b26a0f98aaf218f7b5653a059641290b84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 11:15:32 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 124 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 124 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index f09b5398..2ed7946f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -46,3 +46,127 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
 * [[random]]
 * ...
+
+# Translator wishlist
+
+* FUSE(fuse.sourceforge.net/) compatilbility library. : just modify FUSE apps a and compile little to work as translator :-)
+
+* File Finder. (uses find, grep, a combination or a custom command (htdig, mp3 info)
+   * Files found will be available under one directory and then can be used like a normal directory
+   * usefull to generate Albums, Share only resulting files over the et, etc..
+   * The filefinder can be scheduled or can be connected over some ipc like dbus to the VFS system if any to keep a watch for new files.
+      
+* GNOKII, BitPim and openobex as translators
+   * grep through your SMSs!
+   * share your addressbook!
+   * "Attach" that funny SMS/MMS to your email.
+   * "svn commit" your joke collection :-D
+
+* Real Language Translator [[br]]
+   * cat /usr/translator/de-en/usr/share/doc/something.txt should take /usr/share/doc/something.txt , submit it to google's website and bring back results.
+
+* Mozilla Bookmarks = del.ici.ous
+   * Need more explanation ? ;-)
+
+* http://hnb.sf.net
+   * having a directory structure for a file can allow to "svn commit"  the hnb document in a more "node-safe" manner, thus allowing multiple people to work on the same hnb document.
+   * This must be fairly easy as HNB can already export to XML and XMLfs already exists.
+
+* DavFS 
+   * Just setup a 'WebDav share' as a directory. The implimentation of the protocol is already available in nautilus and konqueror.
+
+* Compiled form of your project 
+   *  you have your project in /somedir/project with source in /somedir/project/src .. /somedir/project/bin should always have the compiled version.. is it possible?
+   * The source has to have a MakeFile.
+   * creating /somedir/project/bin-somearch should aotomatically crosscompile
+   * Seems feasible for a small project.
+
+* Report generation FrameWork - an idea to be hugged by app developers..not kernel developers.
+   * You have financial data in some Spreadsheet like format in /yourFinance directory
+   * You add report templates to /yourFinance/repTemplates
+   * Once you save data in /yourFinance the next cat /yourFinance/reports/areportname will give you an uptodate report.
+   * This will be usefull for any purpose including serving by static page web servers, sharing over samba/nfs/ftp etc.!
+   * The advantage is any save to the spreadsheet will update the report.. not just from one software.
+
+* SVN  (Subversion suite) 
+   * like CVS.. /svndir/version/version-no should automatically have subversion  
+   * I think it is nice to write a generalised version control system framework library which will help in writing version control translators and other tools easily.
+
+* Flexi-acls
+   * First of all - Can this be done? : A translator bound to a directory must be able to access the contents of the directory which would have been accessible in the absence of the translator.. 
+   * This will enable to wirte translators that can implement custom "Access Control Lists". Just imagine having advanced ACLs even if underlying FileSystem is dumb!  Imagine changing the type of ACLs implemented with Just two commands - one to unattach previous translator and the next to attach a different ACL translator! The ACLs themselves may be stored in a different directory
+
+
+* The translator manager!
+   * Some translators will need to be inserted automatically - like for eg: hardware drivers ..
+   * Each hardware translator will pubish its capabilities.
+   * The "top" translator will query the capabilities of different hardware and match capabilities with the "slave" translators. That is it's only Job.
+   * The control is then handed over to the slave translator.
+   * The ranking not only looks who can handle the "most" capabilites of the hardware. If it finds that multiple translators can handle the same hardware, It will use other parameters to choose between them.. like may be the size in memory? The revision date? Stability (inferred from version number)? And to go to the extreme, the profiling data of the driver ;-P
+   * Advantage : The best driver wins!
+ 
+* An eg. Skip it if you understood the above :-):  
+   * You have a driver that can handle VGA + SVGA + Super3d acceleration + Particle graphics + Works for nvidea card.      
+   * You have a driver that can handle SVGA + VGA .
+   * You have a driver that can handle VGA.
+   * Case 1: Your card: A VGA card with some extra fonts.. 
+      * First the VGA driver will be quireied .. ok can handle essential capability. 
+      * Next SVGA driver:  can handle but has extra module.. unnecassary weight .
+      * The Nvidia driver:  can handle , but again unnecassary weight : ruled out.
+      * Winner : VGA driver:
+    * Case 2: Your card An SVGA card: 
+       * First the VGA driver will be quireied .. ok can handle one essential capability. 
+       * Next SVGA driver:  can handle essential and one extra capability no extra weight..
+       * The Nvidia driver:  can handle , but  unnecassary weight : ruled out.
+       * Winner : SVGA driver..
+    * Case 3 : You have an VGA  .. but  no VGA driver .. then the SVGA driver would win.
+
+
+* Sound Server 
+   * /ahsa   - stands for Advanced HURD sound architecture :-) Just a temporary name ..  for fun.
+   * /ahsa/out   - directory wich will hold "plug"s where apllications come and join the server .. see below.
+   * /ahsa/out/mixer  - main mixer 
+   * /ahsa/out/nextfree  - the file when "cat"ed gives the number of the next free plug
+   * /ahsa/plugins/ - info about available plugins
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/  - dynamically generated directories for applications to plug on..
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/data this is where you should do a "cat somerawsoundfile>/ahsa/out/`cat /ahsa/nextfree`/data"
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins  -  the plugin stack .. volume is also a plugin..
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/    - echo "plugin param1 param2 param3" > /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/`cat /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/nextfree`/add
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/params/{param1.. paramn}
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/data.out - can be catted to get data processed through the server
+   * /ahsa/in - similar to /ahsa/out .. with except for an extra file to choose input devices.
+   * /ahsa/devs/{1..n} - devices detected .. can be dynamic .. there are usb soundcards and and midi devices.   
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/0/params/dev
+   * Dont get tempted for :/ahsa/out/[1..n]/params/{rate, channels, and other stuff}
+   * that goes into /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/0/params if /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/0/detected == "headerless audio"
+   * There are a lot more things I can continue about the "sound server" .. The Ideas simply dont seem to exhaust..
+   * Some features/advantages 
+   * set output's translator plugin as ordinary text -- have text to speech conversion done by sound server! 
+   * Create and apply plugin presets by simply copying directories!
+   * Me getting dizzy thinking of the zillion more advantages. 
+   * If you are really doing some ordinary output , all you need to do is "cat" data into next free "plug" and everything will be autodetected including the format of the data and sent to the final sound "merge"r
+   * Dizzy ...
+
+* /usr/share/menu !!!! extension for package management idea ..
+   * cat mymenuitem.menu >> /usr/share/menu/menu
+   * cat /usr/share/menu/debian/kde ... :-)
+
+* Spam/Malware Control 
+   * /usr/antimalware/ - put your mail here.. it will automatically be scanned. when finished it will vanish from here .. 
+   * /usr/antimalware/clean - ... and pop out from here 
+   * /usr/antimalware/malware - or here.
+
+* NetDevice
+   * !JustImagine(tm)... settrans -ac /netdevices /hurd/netdevfs - [ host  | net ] 
+   * One can access device files remotely
+   * This could be acheived by allowing translators talk to one another over a network
+   * This will need translators to catch and handle ioctls (if there is such a thing in HURD).
+   * The device server which will listen to requests from the translators can be run even on a Linux machine!!!
+   * !JustImagine(tm)... accessing the crwriter/webcam on that GNU/Linux machine on the network using cdrecord of your local hurd machine!      
+   * !JustImagine(tm)... running GNU/HURD on a minimalistic GNU/Linux(but with all the drivers) through a specially modified and optimised Qemu. The device server runs on the host machine, and the client translators access  over the virtual network created by Qemu. You got most of the drivers for free!
+
+* Emacs File VFS
+   * I came to know from my Emacs loving friend that there are lots of VFS handlers in Emacs.. I was wondering if there can be translator which can tap into these Emacs VFS handlers. 
+
+-- 
+16 Jan 2007 Laxminarayan G Kamath A, laxminarayan@deeproot.co.in(translator wishlist)
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d8c968c1a851541d0a35c879915e6c4327b44f4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 11:27:36 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: updated from hurd.in the
 cross-compilation data

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 539 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 531 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index dd8edd0d..0c37bd07 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
-complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
+Feel free to ask questions or report problems on this page's [[discussion]]
+sub-page.
 
-For now, find the shell scripts at
-<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
-<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
+## Cross Compilation Guide
 
+This is a HOWTO to build a cross-compiler on x86 GNU/Linux so you can build GNU Mach, GNU Hurd. This has been successfully built by Vitalie Ciubotaru as posted here [1].
+
+## cross-gnu
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
+complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
 Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
 
 /!\ Be made aware that -- while it is of course possible to build a working
@@ -25,9 +29,528 @@ definitely needed for the glibc, Hurd and GCC source packages, as there are a
 bunch of outstanding patches that are needed for getting a functional build.
 
 
-Feel free to ask questions or report problems on this page's [[discussion]]
-sub-page.
+<pre>
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Cross compile a GNU build environment.
+
+# Written by Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>.
+
+# This script is placed into the public domain; nevertheless, please feel free
+# to send any suggestions, improvements, etc. back to me.
+
+# The files are canonically found at
+# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
+# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
+
+# Thanks to
+# * Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo for updating the instructions about getting
+#   the source code of GCC using the Subversion repositories.
+
+# Prerequisites:
+#
+# A build environment for the system you're running the script on is required,
+# i.e. a C compiler with the basic libraries and `make'.  You might also need
+# `flex' and `bison'.
+
+# Usage:
+#
+# Place `cross-gnu' and `cross-gnu-env' somewhere in `$PATH', e.g. in `~/bin/'.
+
+# Get the source code of the
+
+# * GNU Binutils, <http://gnu.org/software/binutils/>, `src/binutils'
+#
+#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
+#       co -r binutils-2_17-branch binutils
+#   $ mv src binutils-2_17-branch
+#
+#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/>.
+
+# * GNU Compiler Collection, <http://gcc.gnu.org/>, `src/gcc'
+#
+#   $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/BRANCH gcc
+#   $ mv gcc BRANCH
+#
+#   BRANCH is one of `gcc-3_3-branch', `gcc-3_4-branch', `gcc-4_0-branch',
+#   `gcc-4_1-branch' or the tag of a released version like `gcc_3_4_3_release'.
+#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>.
+
+# * GNU C Library, <http://gnu.org/software/libc/>, `src/glibc'
+#
+#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc \
+#       co -r glibc-2_3-branch glibc
+#   $ mv libc glibc-2_3-branch
+#
+#   Change `glibc-2_3-branch' to `glibc-2_5-branch' to get the glibc 2.5 branch
+#   or omit `-r glibc-2_3-branch' if you want to get the trunk, i.e. the glibc
+#   2.6 branch, but note that building both of them currently won't work
+#   without heavy patching.
+#
+#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>.
+#
+#   If you want to use GCC 4.1 or newer, you'll also need to apply the
+#   following patch, for both glibc-2_3-branch and glibc-2_5-branch:
+#   <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/init-first.c_vs._GCC_4.1.patch>.
+#
+#   If you use a GNU Make version newer than 3.80, you also need to apply the
+#   following patch to glibc-2_3-branch:
+#   <http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2507#c2>.
+
+# * GNU Hurd, <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, `src/hurd'
+#
+#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
+
+# * GNU Mach (gnumach-1-branch), <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, `src/gnumach'
+#
+#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd \
+#       co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+#   $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
+
+# * GNU Mach Interface Generator, <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, `src/mig'
+#
+#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
+
+# * GNU Debugger, <http://gnu.org/software/gdb/>, `src/gdb'
+#
+#   This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
+#
+#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
+#       co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
+#   $ mv src gdb_6_6-branch
+#
+#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/>.
+
+# Unpack the tarballs if you downloaded any.
+
+# Create a directory where the cross build shall take place and `cd' to that
+# directory.  Create a subdirectory `src' and create symbolic links for every
+# of the above packages: from `src/PACKAGE' to where you stored or unpacked it.
+# If you don't intend to build several cross compilers or use the source trees
+# otherwise, you can also directly store the source trees in `src/'.  The
+# source trees can be shared between multiple cross build trees since the
+# package's build systems are supposed not to modify the files in the source
+# trees.  Not all packages adhere to that, but they fail to do so only for
+# pre-processed documentation, etc., as far as I can tell.
+
+# Run
+# $ ROOT=. cross-gnu
+# ... to create the cross build environment in the current directory from the
+# sources in `src/'.
+
+# Later, run
+# $ ROOT=WHERE_THE_ROOT_OF_THE_CROSS_BUILD_TREE_IS; . cross-gnu-env
+# ... to set up `$PATH' (and some other environment variables; have a look at
+# cross-gnu-env), so that you can easily use e.g. the cross compiler running
+# `$TARGET-gcc'.
+
+# Notes:
+
+# You can re-run `cross-gnu' to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
+# changed since the last run.  This might save a lot of time and is especially
+# useful if you aren't working with unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's branches or
+# want to quickly get a new tool chain with patches you applied to the source
+# trees.
+# I would, however, _not_ recommend to use this technique when doing major
+# changes to the source trees, like switching from gcc-3.3 to gcc-3.4.
+
+# There are several parts marked with `TODO' in this file; feel free to have a
+# look at these issues and send the outcome back to me.
+
+
+# Set up the environment.
+
+. cross-gnu-env
+
+case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
+
+
+# Be verbose.
+
+set -x &&
+
+
+# Create directories.
+
+mkdir -p "$ROOT" &&
+cd "$ROOT" &&
+mkdir -p bin "$SYS_ROOT"/{include,lib} "$TARGET" &&
+ln -sfn "$SYS_ROOT"/{include,lib} "$TARGET"/ &&
+
+
+# Install the cross GNU Binutils.
+
+mkdir -p "$BINUTILS_SRC".obj &&
+cd "$BINUTILS_SRC".obj &&
+# We use `config.status''s existence as an indicator whether the package was
+# configured already.  (E.g. when running cross-gnu a second time to update the
+# tool chain.)
+if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  "$BINUTILS_SRC"/configure \
+    --target="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix="$ROOT" \
+    --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
+    --disable-nls
+fi &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  all \
+  install &&
+
+
+# Install a minimal cross GCC to build a cross MIG and the GNU C Library.
+
+mkdir -p "$GCC_SRC".obj &&
+cd "$GCC_SRC".obj &&
+# Perhaps we already have a complete cross GCC?
+if "$TARGET"-gcc --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+    "$GCC_SRC"/configure \
+      --target="$TARGET" \
+      --prefix="$ROOT" \
+      --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
+      --disable-nls \
+      --disable-shared \
+      --without-headers \
+      --with-newlib \
+      --enable-languages=c
+  fi &&
+
+# TODO: GCC 3.3 and GCC 3.4 need this for building libgcc.a.  Not needed for
+# GCC 4.0.
+  : > "$SYS_ROOT"/include/signal.h &&
+  mkdir -p "$SYS_ROOT"/include/sys &&
+  : > "$SYS_ROOT"/include/sys/ucontext.h &&
+
+  if "$MAKE" \
+      all-gcc \
+      install-gcc &&
+# TODO: Make glibc happy.  We can not yet build libgcc_eh, but glibc's build
+# system wants to link against that library.  A totally empty file is fine for
+# binutils-2.16, but not for binutils-2.15.
+# <http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2003-09/msg00100.html>.
+      echo '/* Empty.  */' > "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/libgcc_eh.a
+  then
+    # Remove the bogus files if building the cross compiler succeesded.
+    rm config.status "$SYS_ROOT"/include/{signal.h,sys/ucontext.h}
+  else
+    # That indication file might already have been installed, but we do not yet
+    # have a complete, working cross compiler.
+    rm -f "$ROOT"/bin/"$TARGET"-gcc &&
+    exit 100
+  fi
+fi &&
+
+
+# Install GNU Mach's header files.
+
+mkdir -p "$GNUMACH_SRC".obj &&
+cd "$GNUMACH_SRC".obj &&
+if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  # `$TARGET-gcc' doesn't work yet (to satisfy the Autoconf checks), but isn't
+  # needed either.
+  CC=gcc \
+  "$GNUMACH_SRC"/configure \
+    --host="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix=
+fi &&
+if grep -q install-data "$GNUMACH_SRC"/Makefile.in; then
+  "$MAKE" \
+    DESTDIR="$SYS_ROOT" \
+    install-data
+else
+  # Old.
+  "$MAKE" \
+    prefix="$SYS_ROOT" \
+    no_deps=t \
+    install-headers
+fi &&
+
+
+# Install a cross GNU MIG.
+
+mkdir -p "$MIG_SRC".obj &&
+cd "$MIG_SRC".obj &&
+if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  "$MIG_SRC"/configure \
+    --target="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix="$ROOT"
+fi &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  all \
+  install &&
+
+
+# Install the GNU Hurd's header files.
+
+mkdir -p "$HURD_SRC".obj &&
+cd "$HURD_SRC".obj &&
+if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  # `$TARGET-gcc' doesn't work yet (to satisfy the Autoconf checks), but isn't
+  # needed either.
+  CC=gcc \
+  "$HURD_SRC"/configure \
+    --host="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix= \
+    --disable-profile
+fi &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  prefix="$SYS_ROOT" \
+  no_deps=t \
+  install-headers &&
+# Below, we will reconfigure for allowing to build the pthreads library.
+if grep -q '^CC = gcc$' config.make
+then rm config.status
+else :
+fi &&
+
+
+# Install the GNU C Library.
+
+# Do we already have the GNU C library installed?
+if test -h "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/ld.so; then :; else
+  mkdir -p "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
+  cd "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
+  if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+    # `--build' has to be set to make sure that glibc is cross compiled.
+    # TODO: Unless overridden, the build system is forced to think that the
+    # linker doesn't support the `-z relro' flag, because there are unfixed
+    # bugs in glibc w.r.t. that flag.  Likewise for `--without-tls'.
+    "$GLIBC_SRC"/configure \
+      --without-cvs \
+      --build="`"$GLIBC_SRC"/scripts/config.guess`" \
+      --host="$TARGET" \
+      --prefix= \
+      --with-headers="$SYS_ROOT"/include \
+      --disable-profile \
+      ${CROSS_GNU_TLS---without-tls} \
+      ${CROSS_GNU_Z_RELRO-libc_cv_z_relro=no}
+  fi &&
+  if "$MAKE" \
+       install_root="$SYS_ROOT" \
+       all \
+       install
+  then
+    # TODO: Why doesn't `make install' do that?
+    ln -sf ld.so.1 "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/ld.so &&
+    if [ "$CROSS_GNU_REINSTALL_GLIBC" = n ]; then :; else
+      # Force re-linking files once libgcc_eh is available.  TODO: Is the
+      # following enough?
+      rm -f "$GLIBC_SRC".obj/config.status
+#      rm -rf "$GLIBC_SRC".obj
+    fi
+  else
+    # That indication file might already have been installed, but we do not yet
+    # have a complete, working installation of the GNU C library.
+    rm -f "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/ld.so
+    exit 100
+  fi
+fi &&
+
+
+# Install the GNU Hurd's pthreads library.
+
+cd "$HURD_SRC".obj &&
+if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  "$HURD_SRC"/configure \
+    --host="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix= \
+    --disable-profile
+fi &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  libpthread &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  prefix="$SYS_ROOT" \
+  libihash-install libpthread-install &&
+
+
+# Install a complete cross GCC.
+
+cd "$GCC_SRC".obj &&
+if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  # TODO: At the moment we only configure for creating a C compiler.
+  "$GCC_SRC"/configure \
+    --target="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix="$ROOT" \
+    --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
+    --disable-nls \
+    --enable-languages=c
+fi &&
+# Remove the bogus libgcc_eh.
+rm -f "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/libgcc_eh.a &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  all \
+  install &&
+
+
+# Install the GNU C Library.
+
+mkdir -p "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
+cd "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
+if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+  # `--build' has to be set to make sure that glibc is cross compiled.
+  # TODO: Unless overridden, the build system is forced to think that the
+  # linker doesn't support the `-z relro' flag, because there are unfixed
+  # bugs in glibc w.r.t. that flag.  Likewise for `--without-tls'.
+  "$GLIBC_SRC"/configure \
+    --without-cvs \
+    --build="`"$GLIBC_SRC"/scripts/config.guess`" \
+    --host="$TARGET" \
+    --prefix= \
+    --with-headers="$SYS_ROOT"/include \
+    --disable-profile \
+    ${CROSS_GNU_TLS---without-tls} \
+    ${CROSS_GNU_Z_RELRO-libc_cv_z_relro=no}
+fi &&
+"$MAKE" \
+  install_root="$SYS_ROOT" \
+  all \
+  install &&
+
+
+# Install a cross GDB, if requested.
+
+if test -d "$GDB_SRC"/; then
+  mkdir -p "$GDB_SRC".obj &&
+  cd "$GDB_SRC".obj &&
+  if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+    "$GDB_SRC"/configure \
+      --target="$TARGET" \
+      --prefix="$ROOT" \
+      --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
+      --disable-nls
+  fi &&
+  "$MAKE" \
+    all \
+    install &&
+
+
+  # If possible, install a cross compiled `gdbserver' to be ran on the TARGET
+  # system.
+
+  if grep -q '86-\*-gnu\*' "$GDB_SRC"/gdb/gdbserver/README; then
+    mkdir -p gdb/gdbserver &&
+    cd gdb/gdbserver &&
+    if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
+      "$GDB_SRC"/gdb/gdbserver/configure \
+        --host="$TARGET" \
+        --prefix="$SYS_ROOT"
+    fi &&
+    "$MAKE" \
+      all \
+      install
+  else :
+  fi
+fi &&
+
+
+# Success.
+
+echo "$0"': Everything should be in place now.'
+</pre>
+
+## cross-gnu-env
+
+<pre>
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Cross compile a GNU build environment.
+
+# Written by Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>.
+
+# This script is placed into the public domain; nevertheless, please feel free
+# to send any suggestions, improvements, etc. back to me.
+
+# The files are canonically found at
+# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
+# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
+
+
+# Functions from Paul Jarc's prjlibs available at
+# <http://code.dogmap.org/prjlibs/>.
+
+# sh/set.sh
+case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
+prj_set() {
+  eval "$1=\${2?}"
+}
+
+# sh/set_default.sh
+case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
+prj_set_default() {
+  : "${2?}" &&
+  eval "
+  if test \"\${$1+x}\" = x; then :; else
+    $1=\$2
+  fi"
+}
+
+# sh/unset.sh
+case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
+prj_unset() {
+  while test "$#" != 0; do
+    { eval "$1=" &&
+      unset "$1" &&
+      shift
+    } || return "$?"
+  done
+}
+
+# sh/x2.sh
+case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
+prj_x2() {
+  : "${2?}" &&
+  "$@" &&
+  export "$2"
+}
+
+case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
+
+
+# Create a clean environment.
+
+prj_x2 prj_set LC_ALL C &&
+prj_unset ASFLAGS CFLAGS CPPFLAGS CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS &&
+prj_unset MAKEFLAGS &&
+
+
+# Environment variables.
+
+# `$ROOT' defaults to `~/tmp/gnu'.
+prj_x2 prj_set_default ROOT ~/tmp/gnu &&
+# `$ROOT' must specify an absolute path.
+case $ROOT in
+  /*)
+    :;;
+  *)
+    ROOT=`cd "$ROOT" && pwd`;;
+esac &&
+
+prj_x2 prj_set_default SYS_ROOT "$ROOT"/sys_root &&
+
+prj_x2 prj_set_default TARGET i586-pc-gnu &&
+
+prj_x2 prj_set_default BINUTILS_SRC "$ROOT"/src/binutils &&
+prj_x2 prj_set_default GCC_SRC "$ROOT"/src/gcc &&
+prj_x2 prj_set_default GDB_SRC "$ROOT"/src/gdb &&
+prj_x2 prj_set_default GLIBC_SRC "$ROOT"/src/glibc &&
+prj_x2 prj_set_default GNUMACH_SRC "$ROOT"/src/gnumach &&
+prj_x2 prj_set_default HURD_SRC "$ROOT"/src/hurd &&
+prj_x2 prj_set_default MIG_SRC "$ROOT"/src/mig &&
+
+# TODO.  See cross-gnu.
+prj_x2 prj_set_default CROSS_GNU_REINSTALL_GLIBC y &&
+
+prj_x2 prj_set PATH "$ROOT"/bin:"$PATH" &&
+
+if gmake --version 2> /dev/null | grep -q GNU
+then prj_x2 prj_set MAKE gmake
+else prj_x2 prj_set MAKE make
+fi
+</pre>
+
+-- ShakthiKannan - 03 Oct 2007
 
----
+## References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
+* <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2007-06/msg00008.html>
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a40e606e9f14783d61feda0d80d74c96585e86f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 11:31:44 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: Updated cross-compilation link

---
 hurd/building.mdwn | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index cb7cb52f..b91a65fe 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-* [[cross-compiling]]
-
-
 /!\ The following information may very well be incomplete and out-dated.
 
 
@@ -79,6 +76,7 @@ This will automatically build all libraries that are required to build the reque
 
 ### <a name="Cross_Compiling"> Cross Compiling </a>
 
+* [[cross-compiling]]
 See <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env> and <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> for now.
 
 ## <a name="RPC_Ids"> </a> RPC Ids
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f3c467cd3a22a22d24a8be1b6b7af5a2fa888bea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 14:04:15 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: imported from hurd.in

---
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index d941abee..e230a628 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Lets clean this up.
       * However, we should try to reuse existing stuff (from Debian for example) as long as it doesn't limit our possibilities or impose considerable overhead
   * Lets have fun. It's GNU and it's important but let's enjoy ourselves.
 
+## Download
+
+  * Official GNU snapshot <http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/GNU>
+  * Extended GNU distribution <http://i-hug.sarovar.org/downloads/GNU/extended/>
+
 ## <a name="Tools"> Tools </a>
 
 1. Developer Needs
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fb23e34680b509fa7cf772e20f8e8249f242b4da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 17:21:13 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 emailfs.mdwn                 | 285 -------------------------------------------
 hurd.mdwn                    |   2 -
 hurd/translator.mdwn         |   1 +
 hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn | 285 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 286 insertions(+), 287 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 emailfs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/emailfs.mdwn b/emailfs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index dc05887c..00000000
--- a/emailfs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,285 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-# How cool it would be if the email becomes similar to snail mail?
-
-## Let see how the snail mail works
-
-* You write the letter with a pen and paper
-* You write the "To" address
-* Post it -> Put it in a Post Box
-
-## How Email works
-
-* You have your email client (and there comes the limitation, you can't use
-  your favourite editor)
-* Fill in destination email address 
-* Send it (May be a send button or a keyboard shortcut)
-
-## What are the problems 
-
-If you want to use a wordprocessor for sending email, it should implement a
-feature like mail merge, suppose it doesn't have such a feature then? You copy
-and paste it to your email client and if it doesn't support HTML? Well you have
-work arounds for all these, but how cool it would be if you have something like
-this:
-
-* You create a file, use any wordprocessor or text editor.
-* Right click and see the properties
-* Set the "To" field
-* Drag it to the Post Box icon on your panel next to Trash
-
-## How can we implement it?
-
-An SMTP translator which uses extended atributes 
-
-## Comments
-
-IRC Logs about the discussion on #hurd
-
-<!-- That smileys are rendered the wrong way below is a ikiwiki bug.  -->
-
->>>>>>> 5384ccd0a47e900fbdae993143110538248517a2:emailfs.mdwn
-
-    <manuel>j4v4m4n: isn't the HHG a good enough libtrivfs tutorial?
-    <manuel> the problem I have with mail, blog, ..., translators is that you want to save mails before sending them, so you can't edit directly into the translator
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, may be we want a simpler one, all of us are beginners except AB
-    <manuel> they're not stream-based so unless you save it into memory and wait for "sync" to send mails, it doesn't seem well suited
-    <manuel> who's AB?
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, create any file with your favourite editor and copy it to the directory where SMTP translator is sitting 
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, Anand Babu
-    <manuel> sure, but how is that better than sending it via the "mail" command then?
-    <manuel> except it's less hype, of course.
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, http://savannah.gnu.org/users/ab
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it would be cool :-)
-    <manuel> still not convinced :)
-    * schlesix (n=thomas@xdsl-81-173-230-219.netcologne.de) has joined #hurd
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, set up SMTP translator on the desktop and may be add it next to the Trash :-) 
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, have a nice postbox icon
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, drag your files to it
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it would be closer to the real world and snail mail
-    <bvk> j4v4m4n: To whom do they go?
-    <manuel> bvk: the file must be preformatted, probably
-    <j4v4m4n> bvk, in snail mail you will write to address on top of the envelop, right?
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: yeah well, it could make sense in a desktop envronment
-    <j4v4m4n> bvk, here we can have it as the first line of the file
-    <manuel> not sure
-    <bvk> j4v4m4n: i never used snail :(
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, that is what I have in mind
-    * j4v4m4n like snail mail that email
-    <manuel> bvk: you never sent a mail via snail mail?! :)
-    * j4v4m4n like snail mail more than email
-    <bvk> manuel: nope :( whats that btw?
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or why not have it as the file property itself??
-    <bvk> manuel: you know its first time i hear it *snail mail* :((
-    <j4v4m4n> bvk, the normal mails which a postman delivers :-)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you create a file text, open document or whatver format
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: I'm quite sure it'd make things more complicated in the end, using file properties, dragging files etc.
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, righ click and see properties and set the to field
-    <bvk> Oh, these english words... :X
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, we can use the xtended atributes
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, which really showcase the power of hurd
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it becomes closer to the real world
-    <bvk> actually, is X working on hurd?
-    <j4v4m4n> bvk, well it used to work and the new Xorg release has som
-    <j4v4m4n> bvk, well it used to work and the new Xorg release has some broken packages
-    <j4v4m4n> bvk, if you use an old snapshot repository it will work (xorg 6.9)
-    * marco_g (n=marco@gnu/the-hurd/marco) has joined #hurd
-    <marco_g> hi
-    <j4v4m4n> marco_g, hi
-    * bvk watching MIT lecture video on 'structure and interpretation of computer programs'
-    <manuel> bvk: yeah, X was ported on GNU/Hurd five-six years ago or so
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, see http://hurd.in/bin/view/Main/EmailFS
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, add your comments, if you like
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: how would you convert the .odt to a mail?
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, attachment
-    <manuel> with an empty mail?
-    <manuel> that won't get through *most* spam filters :)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or may be convert it to HTML
-    <manuel> well converting it to text or HTML would require a set of rules to convert from any format to text/HTML, like a2ps has (some sort of mailcap file)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it can be flexible, a parameter to the translator as to what should be done with each formats
-    <manuel> and there's no convenient way to convert ODT to text AFAIK, you need to use ooffice with a batch program, which you need to provide too
-    <manuel> well that's really complex
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, well how will you send me a CD by post?
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or say a bed?
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, courier or parcel, right? so attachment is fine
-    <manuel> sure but you'll add a note saying "this is a bed from Praveen"
-    <ness> why not add a note to such a mail
-    <ness> you could even move multiple files simultaneously to the mail translator
-    <manuel> hm
-    <manuel> so how is the translator supposed to know that all the files I move are to be sent in a single mail and not on separate mails?
-    <manuel> and how'll you be able to add a note to such a mail? I mean, of course you can set it on the xattr but that's quite strange (the attachment is supposed to be an attr of the mail, not the other way) and not convenient at all
-    <manuel> I'm quite sure using a MUA is still easier
-    <ness> you could move a complete directory to the mail trans
-    <ness> (and the desktop icon can do this transparently)
-    <manuel> hmm so you have to create a directory, write a text file on it (with a special filename, I guess, since you could also have text files as attachments) and add the attachments to the directory
-    <manuel> and then drag & drop it
-    * manuel thinks things are getting more and more complicated :)
-    <ness> the special file name or attribute thing is right
-    <ness> but you not necisirily need to create a dir
-    <ness> s/necisirily/necessarily/
-    <ness> you just drag 'n' drop multiple files to the icon
-    <manuel> and how is the translator supposed to know they are dragged at the same time and not one after the other?
-    <ness> I do not know if it is viable
-    * antrik (n=olaf@port-212-202-210-130.dynamic.qsc.de) has joined #hurd
-    <manuel> AFACS, dragging multiple files just make the desktop issue multiple rename()
-    <moritz> manuel: however the desktop handles that - it would be a rather easy thing to fix, i guess.
-    * schlesix has quit (Remote closed the connection)
-    <manuel> moritz: how is the desktop supposed to handle that?
-    <moritz> if this mail translator approach, is primarily to be used in desktop environments, one could implement the whole thing on the desktop environment layer, not with Hurd translators.
-    <moritz> manuel: i think it would be rather easy for the desktop to distinguish between actions like "ONE file is dragged" and "MULTIPLE files are dragged".
-    * schlesix (n=schlesix@xdsl-81-173-230-219.netcologne.de) has joined #hurd
-    <manuel> oh yeah, but then you loose the transparency, and there's no point in making it a translator. I think we agree on that :)
-    <moritz> i see rather little point in making it a translator anyway, since only god knows wether we have similar concept to translators in hurd-ng.
-    <manuel> yeah sure, but praveen wasn't planning it for HurdNG AIUI
-    <moritz> in that case it would probably be toy project. fine.
-    <moritz> i need to do some maths.  see you.
-    <manuel> hmm well, you can't write anything else than toy projects, then
-    <ness> moritz: you shouldn't be too sure about success of ngHurg
-    <ness> it is an experiment
-    <antrik> sdschulze: ping
-    * antrik has quit (Remote closed the connection)
-    * antrik (n=olaf@port-212-202-210-130.dynamic.qsc.de) has joined #hurd
-    * bddebian (n=bdefrees@71.224.172.103) has joined #hurd
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, This is a lot of input, let me sink these all first :-)
-    <bddebian> Heya folks
-    <schlesix> heya bddebian!
-    <j4v4m4n> it is ofcoures a "nice to have" feature. 
-    <j4v4m4n> These are quite intersting inputs as well
-    <bddebian> Hi schlesix
-    <j4v4m4n> manual in the real wprld how will you send multiple things, say you want to send a CD and a bed
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you will package it (files) and then one parcel containing all these things (folder) 
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well you want to make sending emails easier than sending real mails :-)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it won't substitute MUAs
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, we need it as the backend
-    <diocles> geekoe: You asked about GFS yesterday; well, glibc compiled. :) I've not done much more after that.
-    <antrik> regarding mail translator: take a look at Plan9, they have been doing it for years
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, sorry not MUA I meant MTA
-    * syamajala (n=syamajal@c-24-147-61-120.hsd1.ma.comcast.net) has joined #hurd
-    <manuel> ah yes sure, but MUA will still be easier to use afaics
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, people who are used to Windows say GNU/Linux is tough to use
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, but when they start with GNOME or KDE they don't have any issues
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, that is a great info I will look into  it
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, sorry not MUA I meant MTA
-    * syamajala (n=syamajal@c-24-147-61-120.hsd1.ma.comcast.net) has joined #hurd
-    <manuel> ah yes sure, but MUA will still be easier to use afaics
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, people who are used to Windows say GNU/Linux is tough to use
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, but when they start with GNOME or KDE they don't have any issues
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, that is a great info I will look into  it
-    <ness> j4v4m4n: they do it quite differently
-    <manuel> this doesn't answer to the basic question: how is it better than what we have now
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it is different, better is always debatable
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, GNOME might work for but some doesn't use X at all 
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, whether it is good will be depending on the implemetation
-    <Jeroen> people who used to GNU/Linux say Windows is tough to use
-    <Jeroen> +are
-    <unlink> GNU/Linux is at least tougher to say
-    <Jeroen> no, people have less experience with GNU/Linux
-    <manuel> "to say", Jeroen
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, better and easier are always relative
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, there a lot of people still using mutt when you have thunderbird
-    <manuel> well because they have reasons to say mutt is easier than thunderbird
-    <Jeroen> the only thing is that you've to learn a few shortcuts when you want to use mutt, you can't just click around
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, exactly
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, consider this, you want to send a document across to someone
-    * Blackmore has quit (Read error: 104 (Connection reset by peer))
-    * koollman has quit (Remote closed the connection)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, now you open a MUA add the attachment send it
-    * koollman (n=samson_t@gsv95-1-82-233-13-27.fbx.proxad.net) has joined #hurd
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, if you just have to drag it to an icon, would that be easier?
-    * Casanova (n=prash@unaffiliated/casanova) has joined #hurd
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, chmod +to:manuel@somehost doc.pdf ; cp doc.pdf postbox/
-    <Jeroen> yeah
-    <Jeroen> chmod is for setting permissions...
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, I am not sure how to set xattr
-    <manuel> well, setfattr
-    <Jeroen> well
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, ok
-    <Jeroen> how do you type your subject?
-    <Jeroen> and there message itself?
-    <Jeroen> s/there/the/
-    <Jeroen> how do you encrypt+sign it with pgp?
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well the problem is still the same you know. OK for to/subject : they'd be extended attributes. but how do you type the message itself?
-    <antrik> I don't think using xattr for such stuff is a good idea
-    <antrik> after all, it's not a property of the document
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, we can use it only on a particular directory  on which our translator sit
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, create a folder
-    <manuel> that'd mean mkdir message; ln -s doc.pdf message/; cat >message/message <<EOF; setfattr -n to -v mmenal@hurdfr.org; setfattr -n subject -v document; mv message postbox
-    <antrik> the reason why having translators for such stuff is that this way you have a generic service for sending mail, whether you use it through a special UI (MUA), directly with file commands, from a script, or from some other program that just sends mails as a side functionality
-    * mheath has quit (Connection reset by peer)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, that looks scary :-(
-    <manuel> not sure it's easier than "mutt; m; mmenal@hurdfr.org; document; >typing the message<; a; doc.pdf; y"
-    <antrik> manuel: it is easier in some situations
-    <antrik> (and again, I would not use xattr for such stuff)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, now how do you use mutt on GNOME?
-    <antrik> in fact, Plan9 explicitely does *not* have any xattr and stuff
-    <manuel> antrik: well xattr on the directory that represents the message is not illogical
-    * mheath (n=mheath@c-67-182-231-23.hsd1.co.comcast.net) has joined #hurd
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, may be we can think of some other way if you don't wanna xattr
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well I just used the CLI because it's easier to describe, but try to explain the steps in a GUI and you'll see it's the same problem
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, right click on desktop -> create folder -> drag the files to the folder -> set attributes to the folder-> drag it to postbox
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it is quite logical step
-    <manuel> sure, but how is it easier than click on the MUA icon -> create mail -> drag the files to the mail window ; type the attrbutes + contents ; click on send mail
-    <manuel> looks quite similar to me :-)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or if you already have the folder just drag it
-    <kilobug> a POP or IMAP translator would be more useful IMHO (but well, I didn't read all the backlog, so I may be off topic)
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you don't have a MUA here :-) just files and folders
-    <kilobug> to read mails, I mean
-    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, that is even easier IMAP->mabox and then mboxfs
-    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well you have a MUA : that's the translator
-    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, mboxfs is already available
-    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, I think someone already wrote IMAP to mbox as well but couldn't find it
-    <kilobug> j4v4m4n: well, imapfs could work both way, writing changes on the imap server too ;)
-    <antrik> manuel: the difference is not how it is used; the difference is how it is implemented
-    <antrik> manuel: if you have a generic mail translator, you have most functionality already there with the file manager; all you need to add is some scripts for better comfort
-    <antrik> j4v4m4n: the way I would do it (and I guess Plan9 does, though I haven't checked) is either having a file in the mail directory with the headers, or a subdirectory with a single file for each header (probably the latter)
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, that would make it too complicated IMHO, it would be close to how it is for snail mail
-    <antrik> j4v4m4n: I don't see how this would be more complicated than xattr
-    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you can write your own scripts to automate it for whatver way you want
-    * azor (n=azor@62-43-135-201.user.ono.com) has joined #hurd
-    <manuel> antrik: having the functionality in the filesystem is useful because programs can use this functionality without patching; the protocol to use the mail translator is so specific that you either need to be a real user (but then a MUA is a lot more useful) or have a patched program (but then you could use a lib)
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, right clicking a file and setting u p to and subject seems easier that creating more files
-    <antrik> j4v4m4n: I don't think so. maybe it is in gnome, but than I'd consider it a shortcoming of gnome
-    <antrik> j4v4m4n: in shell "cat foo@example.invalid headers/to" is about as simple as you can get
-    <manuel> >
-    <antrik> erm... I mean echo
-    <antrik> and >, yes
-    <antrik> sorry
-    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has joined #hurd
-    <manuel> "echo foo@example.invalid > headers/to" is not easier than "setfattr -n to -v foo@example.invalid" AFAICS.
-    <antrik> echo foo@example.invalid >headers/to
-    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has left #hurd
-    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has joined #hurd
-    <kilobug> manuel: it is a tiny bit if your "foo@example.invalid" is the output of a command, mycomplexcommand > headers/to is a bit easier than setfattr -n to -v `mycomplexcommand`
-    <kilobug> manuel: but it's the same for a value you type directly
-    <antrik> manuel: objectively it is not simpler, but it uses a generic mechanism users now well, instead of obscure xattr stuff
-    <antrik> know well
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, ok we can think of that, but how about a desktop user?
-     abeaumont andar antrik arnau azeem azor 
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, he has to use more clicks and more head aches
-    <j4v4m4n> antrik, just right click and add to address and subject just you write on the envelop
-    <kilobug> j4v4m4n: that's good ! it makes him buy more medicine, drug corporations will sponsor you then !
-    * kilobug runs away
-    * j4v4m4n chases kilobug 
-    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, better way would be making outlook run on GNU :-) 
-    <marco_g> Or GNU on outlook \o/
-    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has left #hurd
-    <kilobug> this channel is becoming insnae :p
-    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, or is it the members ?? :-)
-    <marco_g> I agree with kilobug, we should stop those weirdos here :-/
-    * whr` (i=whr@acy238.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl) has joined #hurd
-    <antrik> hm... anyone have the marcus quote at hand?
-    <j4v4m4n> i got to go as well
-    <j4v4m4n> bye
-    <kilobug> bye j4v4m4n
-
-## Interesting??
-
-Join the project  -- Add yourself to the list below
-
-* [[Praveen A]]
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index b168f268..6406d252 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -66,7 +66,5 @@
 
 # Hurd hacking projects
 
-* Email as a filesystem
-  * [[emailfs]]
 * Universal package manager and archiver for GNU
   * [[universalpackagemanager]]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 2ed7946f..1fe4cf9a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 # Translators Being Under Development
 
 * [[random]]
+* [[emailfs]] -- email as a filesystem
 * ...
 
 # Translator wishlist
diff --git a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc05887c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# How cool it would be if the email becomes similar to snail mail?
+
+## Let see how the snail mail works
+
+* You write the letter with a pen and paper
+* You write the "To" address
+* Post it -> Put it in a Post Box
+
+## How Email works
+
+* You have your email client (and there comes the limitation, you can't use
+  your favourite editor)
+* Fill in destination email address 
+* Send it (May be a send button or a keyboard shortcut)
+
+## What are the problems 
+
+If you want to use a wordprocessor for sending email, it should implement a
+feature like mail merge, suppose it doesn't have such a feature then? You copy
+and paste it to your email client and if it doesn't support HTML? Well you have
+work arounds for all these, but how cool it would be if you have something like
+this:
+
+* You create a file, use any wordprocessor or text editor.
+* Right click and see the properties
+* Set the "To" field
+* Drag it to the Post Box icon on your panel next to Trash
+
+## How can we implement it?
+
+An SMTP translator which uses extended atributes 
+
+## Comments
+
+IRC Logs about the discussion on #hurd
+
+<!-- That smileys are rendered the wrong way below is a ikiwiki bug.  -->
+
+>>>>>>> 5384ccd0a47e900fbdae993143110538248517a2:emailfs.mdwn
+
+    <manuel>j4v4m4n: isn't the HHG a good enough libtrivfs tutorial?
+    <manuel> the problem I have with mail, blog, ..., translators is that you want to save mails before sending them, so you can't edit directly into the translator
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, may be we want a simpler one, all of us are beginners except AB
+    <manuel> they're not stream-based so unless you save it into memory and wait for "sync" to send mails, it doesn't seem well suited
+    <manuel> who's AB?
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, create any file with your favourite editor and copy it to the directory where SMTP translator is sitting 
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, Anand Babu
+    <manuel> sure, but how is that better than sending it via the "mail" command then?
+    <manuel> except it's less hype, of course.
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, http://savannah.gnu.org/users/ab
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it would be cool :-)
+    <manuel> still not convinced :)
+    * schlesix (n=thomas@xdsl-81-173-230-219.netcologne.de) has joined #hurd
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, set up SMTP translator on the desktop and may be add it next to the Trash :-) 
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, have a nice postbox icon
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, drag your files to it
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it would be closer to the real world and snail mail
+    <bvk> j4v4m4n: To whom do they go?
+    <manuel> bvk: the file must be preformatted, probably
+    <j4v4m4n> bvk, in snail mail you will write to address on top of the envelop, right?
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: yeah well, it could make sense in a desktop envronment
+    <j4v4m4n> bvk, here we can have it as the first line of the file
+    <manuel> not sure
+    <bvk> j4v4m4n: i never used snail :(
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, that is what I have in mind
+    * j4v4m4n like snail mail that email
+    <manuel> bvk: you never sent a mail via snail mail?! :)
+    * j4v4m4n like snail mail more than email
+    <bvk> manuel: nope :( whats that btw?
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or why not have it as the file property itself??
+    <bvk> manuel: you know its first time i hear it *snail mail* :((
+    <j4v4m4n> bvk, the normal mails which a postman delivers :-)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you create a file text, open document or whatver format
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: I'm quite sure it'd make things more complicated in the end, using file properties, dragging files etc.
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, righ click and see properties and set the to field
+    <bvk> Oh, these english words... :X
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, we can use the xtended atributes
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, which really showcase the power of hurd
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it becomes closer to the real world
+    <bvk> actually, is X working on hurd?
+    <j4v4m4n> bvk, well it used to work and the new Xorg release has som
+    <j4v4m4n> bvk, well it used to work and the new Xorg release has some broken packages
+    <j4v4m4n> bvk, if you use an old snapshot repository it will work (xorg 6.9)
+    * marco_g (n=marco@gnu/the-hurd/marco) has joined #hurd
+    <marco_g> hi
+    <j4v4m4n> marco_g, hi
+    * bvk watching MIT lecture video on 'structure and interpretation of computer programs'
+    <manuel> bvk: yeah, X was ported on GNU/Hurd five-six years ago or so
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, see http://hurd.in/bin/view/Main/EmailFS
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, add your comments, if you like
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: how would you convert the .odt to a mail?
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, attachment
+    <manuel> with an empty mail?
+    <manuel> that won't get through *most* spam filters :)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or may be convert it to HTML
+    <manuel> well converting it to text or HTML would require a set of rules to convert from any format to text/HTML, like a2ps has (some sort of mailcap file)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it can be flexible, a parameter to the translator as to what should be done with each formats
+    <manuel> and there's no convenient way to convert ODT to text AFAIK, you need to use ooffice with a batch program, which you need to provide too
+    <manuel> well that's really complex
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, well how will you send me a CD by post?
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or say a bed?
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, courier or parcel, right? so attachment is fine
+    <manuel> sure but you'll add a note saying "this is a bed from Praveen"
+    <ness> why not add a note to such a mail
+    <ness> you could even move multiple files simultaneously to the mail translator
+    <manuel> hm
+    <manuel> so how is the translator supposed to know that all the files I move are to be sent in a single mail and not on separate mails?
+    <manuel> and how'll you be able to add a note to such a mail? I mean, of course you can set it on the xattr but that's quite strange (the attachment is supposed to be an attr of the mail, not the other way) and not convenient at all
+    <manuel> I'm quite sure using a MUA is still easier
+    <ness> you could move a complete directory to the mail trans
+    <ness> (and the desktop icon can do this transparently)
+    <manuel> hmm so you have to create a directory, write a text file on it (with a special filename, I guess, since you could also have text files as attachments) and add the attachments to the directory
+    <manuel> and then drag & drop it
+    * manuel thinks things are getting more and more complicated :)
+    <ness> the special file name or attribute thing is right
+    <ness> but you not necisirily need to create a dir
+    <ness> s/necisirily/necessarily/
+    <ness> you just drag 'n' drop multiple files to the icon
+    <manuel> and how is the translator supposed to know they are dragged at the same time and not one after the other?
+    <ness> I do not know if it is viable
+    * antrik (n=olaf@port-212-202-210-130.dynamic.qsc.de) has joined #hurd
+    <manuel> AFACS, dragging multiple files just make the desktop issue multiple rename()
+    <moritz> manuel: however the desktop handles that - it would be a rather easy thing to fix, i guess.
+    * schlesix has quit (Remote closed the connection)
+    <manuel> moritz: how is the desktop supposed to handle that?
+    <moritz> if this mail translator approach, is primarily to be used in desktop environments, one could implement the whole thing on the desktop environment layer, not with Hurd translators.
+    <moritz> manuel: i think it would be rather easy for the desktop to distinguish between actions like "ONE file is dragged" and "MULTIPLE files are dragged".
+    * schlesix (n=schlesix@xdsl-81-173-230-219.netcologne.de) has joined #hurd
+    <manuel> oh yeah, but then you loose the transparency, and there's no point in making it a translator. I think we agree on that :)
+    <moritz> i see rather little point in making it a translator anyway, since only god knows wether we have similar concept to translators in hurd-ng.
+    <manuel> yeah sure, but praveen wasn't planning it for HurdNG AIUI
+    <moritz> in that case it would probably be toy project. fine.
+    <moritz> i need to do some maths.  see you.
+    <manuel> hmm well, you can't write anything else than toy projects, then
+    <ness> moritz: you shouldn't be too sure about success of ngHurg
+    <ness> it is an experiment
+    <antrik> sdschulze: ping
+    * antrik has quit (Remote closed the connection)
+    * antrik (n=olaf@port-212-202-210-130.dynamic.qsc.de) has joined #hurd
+    * bddebian (n=bdefrees@71.224.172.103) has joined #hurd
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, This is a lot of input, let me sink these all first :-)
+    <bddebian> Heya folks
+    <schlesix> heya bddebian!
+    <j4v4m4n> it is ofcoures a "nice to have" feature. 
+    <j4v4m4n> These are quite intersting inputs as well
+    <bddebian> Hi schlesix
+    <j4v4m4n> manual in the real wprld how will you send multiple things, say you want to send a CD and a bed
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you will package it (files) and then one parcel containing all these things (folder) 
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well you want to make sending emails easier than sending real mails :-)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it won't substitute MUAs
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, we need it as the backend
+    <diocles> geekoe: You asked about GFS yesterday; well, glibc compiled. :) I've not done much more after that.
+    <antrik> regarding mail translator: take a look at Plan9, they have been doing it for years
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, sorry not MUA I meant MTA
+    * syamajala (n=syamajal@c-24-147-61-120.hsd1.ma.comcast.net) has joined #hurd
+    <manuel> ah yes sure, but MUA will still be easier to use afaics
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, people who are used to Windows say GNU/Linux is tough to use
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, but when they start with GNOME or KDE they don't have any issues
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, that is a great info I will look into  it
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, sorry not MUA I meant MTA
+    * syamajala (n=syamajal@c-24-147-61-120.hsd1.ma.comcast.net) has joined #hurd
+    <manuel> ah yes sure, but MUA will still be easier to use afaics
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, people who are used to Windows say GNU/Linux is tough to use
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, but when they start with GNOME or KDE they don't have any issues
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, that is a great info I will look into  it
+    <ness> j4v4m4n: they do it quite differently
+    <manuel> this doesn't answer to the basic question: how is it better than what we have now
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it is different, better is always debatable
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, GNOME might work for but some doesn't use X at all 
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, whether it is good will be depending on the implemetation
+    <Jeroen> people who used to GNU/Linux say Windows is tough to use
+    <Jeroen> +are
+    <unlink> GNU/Linux is at least tougher to say
+    <Jeroen> no, people have less experience with GNU/Linux
+    <manuel> "to say", Jeroen
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, better and easier are always relative
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, there a lot of people still using mutt when you have thunderbird
+    <manuel> well because they have reasons to say mutt is easier than thunderbird
+    <Jeroen> the only thing is that you've to learn a few shortcuts when you want to use mutt, you can't just click around
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, exactly
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, consider this, you want to send a document across to someone
+    * Blackmore has quit (Read error: 104 (Connection reset by peer))
+    * koollman has quit (Remote closed the connection)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, now you open a MUA add the attachment send it
+    * koollman (n=samson_t@gsv95-1-82-233-13-27.fbx.proxad.net) has joined #hurd
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, if you just have to drag it to an icon, would that be easier?
+    * Casanova (n=prash@unaffiliated/casanova) has joined #hurd
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, chmod +to:manuel@somehost doc.pdf ; cp doc.pdf postbox/
+    <Jeroen> yeah
+    <Jeroen> chmod is for setting permissions...
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, I am not sure how to set xattr
+    <manuel> well, setfattr
+    <Jeroen> well
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, ok
+    <Jeroen> how do you type your subject?
+    <Jeroen> and there message itself?
+    <Jeroen> s/there/the/
+    <Jeroen> how do you encrypt+sign it with pgp?
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well the problem is still the same you know. OK for to/subject : they'd be extended attributes. but how do you type the message itself?
+    <antrik> I don't think using xattr for such stuff is a good idea
+    <antrik> after all, it's not a property of the document
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, we can use it only on a particular directory  on which our translator sit
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, create a folder
+    <manuel> that'd mean mkdir message; ln -s doc.pdf message/; cat >message/message <<EOF; setfattr -n to -v mmenal@hurdfr.org; setfattr -n subject -v document; mv message postbox
+    <antrik> the reason why having translators for such stuff is that this way you have a generic service for sending mail, whether you use it through a special UI (MUA), directly with file commands, from a script, or from some other program that just sends mails as a side functionality
+    * mheath has quit (Connection reset by peer)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, that looks scary :-(
+    <manuel> not sure it's easier than "mutt; m; mmenal@hurdfr.org; document; >typing the message<; a; doc.pdf; y"
+    <antrik> manuel: it is easier in some situations
+    <antrik> (and again, I would not use xattr for such stuff)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, now how do you use mutt on GNOME?
+    <antrik> in fact, Plan9 explicitely does *not* have any xattr and stuff
+    <manuel> antrik: well xattr on the directory that represents the message is not illogical
+    * mheath (n=mheath@c-67-182-231-23.hsd1.co.comcast.net) has joined #hurd
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, may be we can think of some other way if you don't wanna xattr
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well I just used the CLI because it's easier to describe, but try to explain the steps in a GUI and you'll see it's the same problem
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, right click on desktop -> create folder -> drag the files to the folder -> set attributes to the folder-> drag it to postbox
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, it is quite logical step
+    <manuel> sure, but how is it easier than click on the MUA icon -> create mail -> drag the files to the mail window ; type the attrbutes + contents ; click on send mail
+    <manuel> looks quite similar to me :-)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, or if you already have the folder just drag it
+    <kilobug> a POP or IMAP translator would be more useful IMHO (but well, I didn't read all the backlog, so I may be off topic)
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you don't have a MUA here :-) just files and folders
+    <kilobug> to read mails, I mean
+    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, that is even easier IMAP->mabox and then mboxfs
+    <manuel> j4v4m4n: well you have a MUA : that's the translator
+    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, mboxfs is already available
+    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, I think someone already wrote IMAP to mbox as well but couldn't find it
+    <kilobug> j4v4m4n: well, imapfs could work both way, writing changes on the imap server too ;)
+    <antrik> manuel: the difference is not how it is used; the difference is how it is implemented
+    <antrik> manuel: if you have a generic mail translator, you have most functionality already there with the file manager; all you need to add is some scripts for better comfort
+    <antrik> j4v4m4n: the way I would do it (and I guess Plan9 does, though I haven't checked) is either having a file in the mail directory with the headers, or a subdirectory with a single file for each header (probably the latter)
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, that would make it too complicated IMHO, it would be close to how it is for snail mail
+    <antrik> j4v4m4n: I don't see how this would be more complicated than xattr
+    <j4v4m4n> manuel, you can write your own scripts to automate it for whatver way you want
+    * azor (n=azor@62-43-135-201.user.ono.com) has joined #hurd
+    <manuel> antrik: having the functionality in the filesystem is useful because programs can use this functionality without patching; the protocol to use the mail translator is so specific that you either need to be a real user (but then a MUA is a lot more useful) or have a patched program (but then you could use a lib)
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, right clicking a file and setting u p to and subject seems easier that creating more files
+    <antrik> j4v4m4n: I don't think so. maybe it is in gnome, but than I'd consider it a shortcoming of gnome
+    <antrik> j4v4m4n: in shell "cat foo@example.invalid headers/to" is about as simple as you can get
+    <manuel> >
+    <antrik> erm... I mean echo
+    <antrik> and >, yes
+    <antrik> sorry
+    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has joined #hurd
+    <manuel> "echo foo@example.invalid > headers/to" is not easier than "setfattr -n to -v foo@example.invalid" AFAICS.
+    <antrik> echo foo@example.invalid >headers/to
+    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has left #hurd
+    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has joined #hurd
+    <kilobug> manuel: it is a tiny bit if your "foo@example.invalid" is the output of a command, mycomplexcommand > headers/to is a bit easier than setfattr -n to -v `mycomplexcommand`
+    <kilobug> manuel: but it's the same for a value you type directly
+    <antrik> manuel: objectively it is not simpler, but it uses a generic mechanism users now well, instead of obscure xattr stuff
+    <antrik> know well
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, ok we can think of that, but how about a desktop user?
+     abeaumont andar antrik arnau azeem azor 
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, he has to use more clicks and more head aches
+    <j4v4m4n> antrik, just right click and add to address and subject just you write on the envelop
+    <kilobug> j4v4m4n: that's good ! it makes him buy more medicine, drug corporations will sponsor you then !
+    * kilobug runs away
+    * j4v4m4n chases kilobug 
+    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, better way would be making outlook run on GNU :-) 
+    <marco_g> Or GNU on outlook \o/
+    * yoj (n=jao@200.163.8.72) has left #hurd
+    <kilobug> this channel is becoming insnae :p
+    <j4v4m4n> kilobug, or is it the members ?? :-)
+    <marco_g> I agree with kilobug, we should stop those weirdos here :-/
+    * whr` (i=whr@acy238.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl) has joined #hurd
+    <antrik> hm... anyone have the marcus quote at hand?
+    <j4v4m4n> i got to go as well
+    <j4v4m4n> bye
+    <kilobug> bye j4v4m4n
+
+## Interesting??
+
+Join the project  -- Add yourself to the list below
+
+* [[Praveen A]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3320bbaa0bebb4a737ab37c115dc553c44a8910d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 17:31:11 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 hurd.mdwn                                       |   5 -
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn                           |   2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/softwareprojects.mdwn          |   2 +
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 148 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 universalpackagemanager.mdwn                    | 148 ------------------------
 5 files changed, 151 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 universalpackagemanager.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 6406d252..dcb66426 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -63,8 +63,3 @@
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [[HurdSpecificGlibcApi]]: Functions in GLIBC for the Hurd.
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
-
-# Hurd hacking projects
-
-* Universal package manager and archiver for GNU
-  * [[universalpackagemanager]]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index e230a628..a71a509e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Lets clean this up.
 
 ## Resources
 
- * Universal package manager [[universalpackagemanager]]
+ * [[Universal_package_manager]]
  * How to set up GNU and archiver for GNU [[setupgnu]]
 
 ## <a name="Todo"> Todo </a>
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/softwareprojects.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/softwareprojects.mdwn
index 54a92030..4790c5c9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/softwareprojects.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/softwareprojects.mdwn
@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ Some of the GNU software effects the Hurd development directly or indirectly. He
   <dt> GCC</dt>
   <dd> deb packages of gcc-{3.2,3.3} are available for testing from <a href="http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/hurd-gcc-4.0/" target="_top">http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/hurd-gcc-4.0/</a> ./ </dd>
 </dl>
+
+* [[Universal_package_manager]] and archiver for GNU
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd37bb41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## Mission
+
+"To enable the GNU System to install packages of any format like rpm, deb, 
+ebuild... so that GNU System will be able to use softwares packaged by projects like Debian and Gentoo"
+
+## Features
+
+Basically all package management schemes follow similar approach, it will have a single binary archive containing the actual software and some metadata like packages it requires, what all it provides ... So when we install an rpm package this tool will help rpm tool to recognise the packages installed by stow and it will be stowed instead of the normal rpm way of installing in /usr. 
+
+There can be both aproaches
+
+   * Re-implement rpm, dpkg... to recognise stow as backend instead of its own  data store. In that case we will have to re implement, apt-rpm, yum ... 
+   * Implement a translator which reads stow and show it as an rpm data store  for yum, deb data store for apt-get ...
+
+One goal is obviously choice of packaging and hence availability of more  packages. Also this gives maintainers a chioce to continue builing packages  for GNU in the format they are already familiar with. The second goal is to  demonstrate the flexibility GNU offers in implementing functionality in filesystems (open/read/write interface).
+
+## Why?
+
+   * The GNU Hurd provides a lot of advanced features and functionalities. We aim to exploit those features. 
+   * Combining translators with UnionFS gives a very exciting package manager. 
+   * We could use the good features of existing packaging systems like deb, rpm, ebuilds, ports ... plus unionfs and hurd translator is a compelling compination.
+
+With the increased flexibility in implementing filesystems as per the requirements, we can implement the functionality similar to apt-get, emerge or yum... (dependency tracking, versions tracking...) in the filesystem itself. 
+
+## What?
+
+   * Have a basic filesystem based package manager
+   * Write translators to convert between GNU's packaging format and the existing one's like rpm, deb ...
+
+## How?
+
+   * Installtion of a package is just drag the pacakage (be it a tgz, rpm, deb or an exe) and drop it to the package manager.
+
+      * apt-cache search vim --> ls -al /packages/meta/ |grep vim
+      * apt-get install vim --> install vim 
+
+Just a sample script. 
+
+    $ cd /packages/meta/vim/current/depends
+    $ for i in `ls *`
+    $ do
+    $ if [ -f /packages/binary/$i ]
+    $ then 
+    $ echo "$i is installed"
+    $ else
+    $ install $i
+    $ fi
+    $ done
+
+The same can be achieved using any of the languages or front ends or even manual copying.
+
+If all the dependencies are there 
+
+    $ cp -r /ftp/ftp.gnu.org/packages/binary/vim/7.0 /packages/binary/vim/7.0 
+
+## Implementation Details
+
+Lets take the example of rpm, it is simply a cpio archive with software and 
+meta data as its contents. Just extract it to stow directory with a name 
+package-version. When apt-get or yum asks for information about already
+installed packages read the stow tree and return back the requested data.
+
+Same case for ebuild. We can provide these details to any packaging system
+in the way it wants using a translator. So support for a new format is 
+just writing the new translator.
+
+## Initial idea 
+
+A bit complex than the earlier scheme but it is more exciting and we can look at this schem seriously once we have the simple scheme working.
+
+All packages are installed at
+`/packages/binary/<packagename>/<packageversion>`.
+
+For eaxmple  vim 6.4 version can be installed from source like
+
+    # cd vim64
+    # ./configure --prefix=/packages/binary/vim/6.4
+    # make
+    # make install
+
+Now if you have another vim version, say 7.0  then just follow the steps
+
+    # cd /packages/source/vim
+    # CP /<pathtovimtarball>/vim-7.0.tar.bz2
+    # tar -jxvf vim-7.0.tar.bz2
+    # mv vim70 7.0
+    # ./configure --prefix=/packages/binary/vim/7.0
+    # make
+    # make install
+
+You have 2 versions of vim and how can you sepcify which one is the current version? You can symlink the current version to select the version you would like to see as default
+
+    # ln -s /packages/binary/vim/7.0 /packages/vim/current
+
+## Metadata: /packages/meta
+
+Dependency information is stored as a symbolic link to the required packages in a subdirectory called depends. 
+
+## Requirement
+
+We will require unionfs support if we chose to go through path 2 (which is what I like because we can really show off with translators.)
+
+   * Developing status - planning
+   * Near term goal - implement stow backend for dpkg
+   * High priority task - make unionfs work on boot. Mail from AMS to gnu-system-discuss on problem statement <http://www.mail-archive.com/gnu-system-discuss@gnu.org/msg00198.html> 
+
+## Developer Guidelines.
+
+   * GNU coding standards <http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/>
+
+
+## FAQ - Frequently asked questions
+
+   1. How can I join this project?
+
+OK. I will give you steps.
+
+i. Install a GNU System by folowing these instructions [[SetupGNU]]
+
+ii. Read about GNU Design <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html>
+
+iii. Read about translators <http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator>
+
+iv. Try out these cool translators [[SettransExamples]]
+
+v. Add your name below and give a shout in the list.
+
+
+## Comments??
+
+Add your comments here
+
+## Interesting?
+
+To join the project just list your name below.
+
+   1. PraveenA
+   2. IsaacPraveen
+   3. VikramVincent
+   4. MaheshM
diff --git a/universalpackagemanager.mdwn b/universalpackagemanager.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index cd37bb41..00000000
--- a/universalpackagemanager.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Mission
-
-"To enable the GNU System to install packages of any format like rpm, deb, 
-ebuild... so that GNU System will be able to use softwares packaged by projects like Debian and Gentoo"
-
-## Features
-
-Basically all package management schemes follow similar approach, it will have a single binary archive containing the actual software and some metadata like packages it requires, what all it provides ... So when we install an rpm package this tool will help rpm tool to recognise the packages installed by stow and it will be stowed instead of the normal rpm way of installing in /usr. 
-
-There can be both aproaches
-
-   * Re-implement rpm, dpkg... to recognise stow as backend instead of its own  data store. In that case we will have to re implement, apt-rpm, yum ... 
-   * Implement a translator which reads stow and show it as an rpm data store  for yum, deb data store for apt-get ...
-
-One goal is obviously choice of packaging and hence availability of more  packages. Also this gives maintainers a chioce to continue builing packages  for GNU in the format they are already familiar with. The second goal is to  demonstrate the flexibility GNU offers in implementing functionality in filesystems (open/read/write interface).
-
-## Why?
-
-   * The GNU Hurd provides a lot of advanced features and functionalities. We aim to exploit those features. 
-   * Combining translators with UnionFS gives a very exciting package manager. 
-   * We could use the good features of existing packaging systems like deb, rpm, ebuilds, ports ... plus unionfs and hurd translator is a compelling compination.
-
-With the increased flexibility in implementing filesystems as per the requirements, we can implement the functionality similar to apt-get, emerge or yum... (dependency tracking, versions tracking...) in the filesystem itself. 
-
-## What?
-
-   * Have a basic filesystem based package manager
-   * Write translators to convert between GNU's packaging format and the existing one's like rpm, deb ...
-
-## How?
-
-   * Installtion of a package is just drag the pacakage (be it a tgz, rpm, deb or an exe) and drop it to the package manager.
-
-      * apt-cache search vim --> ls -al /packages/meta/ |grep vim
-      * apt-get install vim --> install vim 
-
-Just a sample script. 
-
-    $ cd /packages/meta/vim/current/depends
-    $ for i in `ls *`
-    $ do
-    $ if [ -f /packages/binary/$i ]
-    $ then 
-    $ echo "$i is installed"
-    $ else
-    $ install $i
-    $ fi
-    $ done
-
-The same can be achieved using any of the languages or front ends or even manual copying.
-
-If all the dependencies are there 
-
-    $ cp -r /ftp/ftp.gnu.org/packages/binary/vim/7.0 /packages/binary/vim/7.0 
-
-## Implementation Details
-
-Lets take the example of rpm, it is simply a cpio archive with software and 
-meta data as its contents. Just extract it to stow directory with a name 
-package-version. When apt-get or yum asks for information about already
-installed packages read the stow tree and return back the requested data.
-
-Same case for ebuild. We can provide these details to any packaging system
-in the way it wants using a translator. So support for a new format is 
-just writing the new translator.
-
-## Initial idea 
-
-A bit complex than the earlier scheme but it is more exciting and we can look at this schem seriously once we have the simple scheme working.
-
-All packages are installed at
-`/packages/binary/<packagename>/<packageversion>`.
-
-For eaxmple  vim 6.4 version can be installed from source like
-
-    # cd vim64
-    # ./configure --prefix=/packages/binary/vim/6.4
-    # make
-    # make install
-
-Now if you have another vim version, say 7.0  then just follow the steps
-
-    # cd /packages/source/vim
-    # CP /<pathtovimtarball>/vim-7.0.tar.bz2
-    # tar -jxvf vim-7.0.tar.bz2
-    # mv vim70 7.0
-    # ./configure --prefix=/packages/binary/vim/7.0
-    # make
-    # make install
-
-You have 2 versions of vim and how can you sepcify which one is the current version? You can symlink the current version to select the version you would like to see as default
-
-    # ln -s /packages/binary/vim/7.0 /packages/vim/current
-
-## Metadata: /packages/meta
-
-Dependency information is stored as a symbolic link to the required packages in a subdirectory called depends. 
-
-## Requirement
-
-We will require unionfs support if we chose to go through path 2 (which is what I like because we can really show off with translators.)
-
-   * Developing status - planning
-   * Near term goal - implement stow backend for dpkg
-   * High priority task - make unionfs work on boot. Mail from AMS to gnu-system-discuss on problem statement <http://www.mail-archive.com/gnu-system-discuss@gnu.org/msg00198.html> 
-
-## Developer Guidelines.
-
-   * GNU coding standards <http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/>
-
-
-## FAQ - Frequently asked questions
-
-   1. How can I join this project?
-
-OK. I will give you steps.
-
-i. Install a GNU System by folowing these instructions [[SetupGNU]]
-
-ii. Read about GNU Design <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html>
-
-iii. Read about translators <http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator>
-
-iv. Try out these cool translators [[SettransExamples]]
-
-v. Add your name below and give a shout in the list.
-
-
-## Comments??
-
-Add your comments here
-
-## Interesting?
-
-To join the project just list your name below.
-
-   1. PraveenA
-   2. IsaacPraveen
-   3. VikramVincent
-   4. MaheshM
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c15927403ccadbf117d27193502d038f948e0e2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 17:39:59 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                                     |  2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn                           |  2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn                     | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn |  2 +-
 setupgnu.mdwn                                   | 82 -------------------------
 5 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 setupgnu.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 5dcaf589..70b963a5 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
 ## Collection of brief !HOWTOs 
-   * [[SetupGNU]] Setup a GNU System (also known as GNU/Hurd)
+   * [[Setup_a_GNU_System|hurd/running/gnu/setup]] (also known as GNU/Hurd)
    * [[BuildGNUOnQemu]] Build a bootable qemu image of GNU System, aka build a bootable qemu image
    * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
    * [[HurdOnQemuOnWindows]] Setting up a GNU/Hurd system on Qemu on a Micorsoft Windows machine
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index a71a509e..e52ac062 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Lets clean this up.
 ## Resources
 
  * [[Universal_package_manager]]
- * How to set up GNU and archiver for GNU [[setupgnu]]
+ * How to [[set_up_GNU|setup]] and archiver for GNU
 
 ## <a name="Todo"> Todo </a>
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac978b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Setup is very easy (You need a GNU/Linux system to install GNU, we are developing an installer for GNU and if you want to help us join us on [[http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss][gnu-system-discuss]]), just follow these steps ...
+
+## Step 1: Find a home for GNU 
+
+create a partition with minimum of 800 MB (if you want to install programs later you might need to allocate more space)
+
+It comes with GNU Emacs 21.4, gcc 4.0, gdb 6.3, parted, wget and many more
+
+Note: 2GB limit for partitions is no more there, it is fixed
+
+## Step 2: Create GNU Hurd filesystem on the partition
+
+    # mke2fs -o hurd /dev/hdd6
+
+## Step 3: Grab a snapshot of the GNU 
+
+from <http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/> or Extended GNU from <http://i-hug.sarovar.org/downloads/GNU/extended/>
+
+## Step 4: Extract the snapshot to the newly created partition
+
+    # mount /dev/hdd6 /mnt
+    # cd /mnt
+    # tar -jxvf <path to downloaded location>/GNU--2006-01-08.tar.bz2 
+
+Wait for the extraction to complete, depending on the system configuration the time varies. The compressed image is 178MB and it uncompresses to about 750MB
+
+## Step 5: Configure grub to boot GNU
+
+This can be tricky since the partition naming is different for linux, grub and hurd
+
+My configuration look like this ...
+
+    title  GNU (also known as GNU/Hurd)(Single user)
+    root   (hd0,5)
+    kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd3s6 -s
+    module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
+    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create) 
+
+    title  GNU (also known as GNU/Hurd)(Multi-user)
+    root   (hd0,5)
+    kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd3s6 
+    module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
+    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create) 
+
+    grub		 linux		hurd
+    hd0,5		hdd6		hd3s6
+
+If you have only one harddisk it will be hd0 for grub wherever you connect it.
+But linux and hurd names depend on whether you connect it as primary master 
+(hda or hd0), primary slave (hdb or hd1) [this is my cdrom drive], secondary
+ master (hdc or hd2) or secondary slave (hdd or hd3) [this is my precious 
+Maxtor 2GB hard disk].
+
+The partition naming of hurd is similar to BSD slices. hda1 is hd0s1, hda2 is
+ hd0s2 ...
+
+In my case the root device is hd0s6 (hdd6)
+
+## Step 6: Now boot into your brand new GNU System.
+
+It will do some initial setup and you will get a prompt. 
+Now reboot into your configured GNU System.
+
+    # reboot 
+
+## Step 7: Start using your GNU system
+
+Here is the GNU/Hurd users guide. It starts from the basics. <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html>
+
+*Warning! : It is not yet ready for normal use, it is a developer's release.*
+
+So when you encounter bugs report it to bug-hurd@gnu.org
+
+Join us on gnu-system-discuss <http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss>  to help finish the GNU System. 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index cd37bb41..bd6f8835 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ We will require unionfs support if we chose to go through path 2 (which is what
 
 OK. I will give you steps.
 
-i. Install a GNU System by folowing these instructions [[SetupGNU]]
+i. Install a GNU System by folowing [[these_instructions|setup]]
 
 ii. Read about GNU Design <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html>
 
diff --git a/setupgnu.mdwn b/setupgnu.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index ac978b38..00000000
--- a/setupgnu.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-Setup is very easy (You need a GNU/Linux system to install GNU, we are developing an installer for GNU and if you want to help us join us on [[http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss][gnu-system-discuss]]), just follow these steps ...
-
-## Step 1: Find a home for GNU 
-
-create a partition with minimum of 800 MB (if you want to install programs later you might need to allocate more space)
-
-It comes with GNU Emacs 21.4, gcc 4.0, gdb 6.3, parted, wget and many more
-
-Note: 2GB limit for partitions is no more there, it is fixed
-
-## Step 2: Create GNU Hurd filesystem on the partition
-
-    # mke2fs -o hurd /dev/hdd6
-
-## Step 3: Grab a snapshot of the GNU 
-
-from <http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/> or Extended GNU from <http://i-hug.sarovar.org/downloads/GNU/extended/>
-
-## Step 4: Extract the snapshot to the newly created partition
-
-    # mount /dev/hdd6 /mnt
-    # cd /mnt
-    # tar -jxvf <path to downloaded location>/GNU--2006-01-08.tar.bz2 
-
-Wait for the extraction to complete, depending on the system configuration the time varies. The compressed image is 178MB and it uncompresses to about 750MB
-
-## Step 5: Configure grub to boot GNU
-
-This can be tricky since the partition naming is different for linux, grub and hurd
-
-My configuration look like this ...
-
-    title  GNU (also known as GNU/Hurd)(Single user)
-    root   (hd0,5)
-    kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd3s6 -s
-    module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create) 
-
-    title  GNU (also known as GNU/Hurd)(Multi-user)
-    root   (hd0,5)
-    kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd3s6 
-    module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create) 
-
-    grub		 linux		hurd
-    hd0,5		hdd6		hd3s6
-
-If you have only one harddisk it will be hd0 for grub wherever you connect it.
-But linux and hurd names depend on whether you connect it as primary master 
-(hda or hd0), primary slave (hdb or hd1) [this is my cdrom drive], secondary
- master (hdc or hd2) or secondary slave (hdd or hd3) [this is my precious 
-Maxtor 2GB hard disk].
-
-The partition naming of hurd is similar to BSD slices. hda1 is hd0s1, hda2 is
- hd0s2 ...
-
-In my case the root device is hd0s6 (hdd6)
-
-## Step 6: Now boot into your brand new GNU System.
-
-It will do some initial setup and you will get a prompt. 
-Now reboot into your configured GNU System.
-
-    # reboot 
-
-## Step 7: Start using your GNU system
-
-Here is the GNU/Hurd users guide. It starts from the basics. <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html>
-
-*Warning! : It is not yet ready for normal use, it is a developer's release.*
-
-So when you encounter bugs report it to bug-hurd@gnu.org
-
-Join us on gnu-system-discuss <http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss>  to help finish the GNU System. 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From baecaca1378c5ff3de9794a95ea5dc09c51450ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 17:52:00 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                                     |  2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn |  2 +-
 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn                   | 91 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 settransexamples.mdwn                           | 91 -------------------------
 4 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 settransexamples.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 70b963a5..85e53bc8 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * [[HurdOnQemuOnWindows]] Setting up a GNU/Hurd system on Qemu on a Micorsoft Windows machine
    * [[HurdOnVMware]] Setting up Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware
    * [[QemuNetworkForHurd]] Setting up Hurd Networking on Qemu
-   * [[SettransExamples]] Setting up translators - some examples
+   * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
    * [[QemuFileSharingWithHost]] File sharing between GNU on Qemu and the Host OS
    * [[Setupcvsfs]]Setting up cvsfs from HurdExtras
    * [[HurdTranslatorExample]] Hurd translator example
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index bd6f8835..6f3c2f57 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ ii. Read about GNU Design <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html>
 
 iii. Read about translators <http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator>
 
-iv. Try out these cool translators [[SettransExamples]]
+iv. Try out these cool [[translator_examples|translator/examples]]
 
 v. Add your name below and give a shout in the list.
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc4f9a81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## Setting up translators - HowTo
+
+Translators can be got from hurd-extras <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/>
+
+    cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/sources/hurdextras co <modulename> 
+
+* httpfs translator 
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ settrans -a tmp/ /hurd/httpfs www.hurd-project.com/
+
+or
+
+    $ settrans -a tmp/ /hurd/httpfs www.hurd-project.com/ --proxy=<proxy> --port=<port>
+    $ cd tmp/
+    $ ls -l      
+
+* ftpfs translator
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ settrans -cgap ftp /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /
+    $ cd ftp
+    ftp$ ls
+    ftp$ cd ftp.fr.debian.org
+    ftp/ftp.fr.debian.org $ ls
+
+* tarfs  translator 
+
+You can use tarfs to mount (almost) any tar file:
+
+    $ settrans -ca a /hurd/tarfs -z myfile.tar.gz
+    $ settrans -ca b /hurd/tarfs -y myfile.tar.bz2
+    $ settrans -ca c /hurd/tarfs myfile.tar
+
+You can even use it to create new tar files:
+
+    $ settrans -ca new /hurd/tarfs -cz newfile.tar.gz
+    $ cp -r all my files  new/
+    $ syncfs new
+
+This is not as fast as `tar czvf newfile.tar.gz all my files` but at least, it's more original. ;)
+    
+* cvsfs translator 
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ settrans -ac cvsfs_testing /hurd/cvsfs cvs.savannah.nongnu.org /sources/hurdextras
+    $ cd cvsfs_testing
+   
+* pfinet translator --  configuring your network interface 
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ settrans -fgca /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i <interface> -a <ip address> -m <subnet mask> -g <gateway ip>
+   
+* Console translator -- setting up virtual consoles  
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ console -d vga -d pc_mouse -d pc_kbd -d generic_speaker /dev/vcs
+   
+* iso9660fs translator --  'mounting' your cdrom 
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ settrans -ac /cdrom /hurd/iso9660fs /dev/<cdrom device file>      
+   
+* ext2fs translator  -- 'mounting' an ext2fs partition 
+
+<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
+
+    $ settrans -ac /linux /hurd/ext2fs /dev/<partition device file>   
+
+* unionfs translator 
+
+To join "foo/" "bar/" and "baz/" in the directory "quux/", just do:
+
+    $ settrans -capfg quux/ /hurd/unionfs foo/ bar/ baz/
+
+If you want to join even quux/ contents in the union itself, add -u as a translator argument.
+You can add filesystems at run-time with the fsysopts command.
diff --git a/settransexamples.mdwn b/settransexamples.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index dc4f9a81..00000000
--- a/settransexamples.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Setting up translators - HowTo
-
-Translators can be got from hurd-extras <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/>
-
-    cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/sources/hurdextras co <modulename> 
-
-* httpfs translator 
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ settrans -a tmp/ /hurd/httpfs www.hurd-project.com/
-
-or
-
-    $ settrans -a tmp/ /hurd/httpfs www.hurd-project.com/ --proxy=<proxy> --port=<port>
-    $ cd tmp/
-    $ ls -l      
-
-* ftpfs translator
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ settrans -cgap ftp /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /
-    $ cd ftp
-    ftp$ ls
-    ftp$ cd ftp.fr.debian.org
-    ftp/ftp.fr.debian.org $ ls
-
-* tarfs  translator 
-
-You can use tarfs to mount (almost) any tar file:
-
-    $ settrans -ca a /hurd/tarfs -z myfile.tar.gz
-    $ settrans -ca b /hurd/tarfs -y myfile.tar.bz2
-    $ settrans -ca c /hurd/tarfs myfile.tar
-
-You can even use it to create new tar files:
-
-    $ settrans -ca new /hurd/tarfs -cz newfile.tar.gz
-    $ cp -r all my files  new/
-    $ syncfs new
-
-This is not as fast as `tar czvf newfile.tar.gz all my files` but at least, it's more original. ;)
-    
-* cvsfs translator 
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ settrans -ac cvsfs_testing /hurd/cvsfs cvs.savannah.nongnu.org /sources/hurdextras
-    $ cd cvsfs_testing
-   
-* pfinet translator --  configuring your network interface 
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ settrans -fgca /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i <interface> -a <ip address> -m <subnet mask> -g <gateway ip>
-   
-* Console translator -- setting up virtual consoles  
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ console -d vga -d pc_mouse -d pc_kbd -d generic_speaker /dev/vcs
-   
-* iso9660fs translator --  'mounting' your cdrom 
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ settrans -ac /cdrom /hurd/iso9660fs /dev/<cdrom device file>      
-   
-* ext2fs translator  -- 'mounting' an ext2fs partition 
-
-<!-- Prevent ikiwiki / Markdown rendering bug.  -->
-
-    $ settrans -ac /linux /hurd/ext2fs /dev/<partition device file>   
-
-* unionfs translator 
-
-To join "foo/" "bar/" and "baz/" in the directory "quux/", just do:
-
-    $ settrans -capfg quux/ /hurd/unionfs foo/ bar/ baz/
-
-If you want to join even quux/ contents in the union itself, add -u as a translator argument.
-You can add filesystems at run-time with the fsysopts command.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6d68f04b6434152c21a5c20074f19835b1ccab09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 17:58:38 +0100
Subject: Whitespace.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 10 +++-------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 1fe4cf9a..63812e0d 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 * [[emailfs]] -- email as a filesystem
 * ...
 
+
 # Translator wishlist
 
 * FUSE(fuse.sourceforge.net/) compatilbility library. : just modify FUSE apps a and compile little to work as translator :-)
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
    * Files found will be available under one directory and then can be used like a normal directory
    * usefull to generate Albums, Share only resulting files over the et, etc..
    * The filefinder can be scheduled or can be connected over some ipc like dbus to the VFS system if any to keep a watch for new files.
-      
+
 * GNOKII, BitPim and openobex as translators
    * grep through your SMSs!
    * share your addressbook!
@@ -97,7 +98,6 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
    * First of all - Can this be done? : A translator bound to a directory must be able to access the contents of the directory which would have been accessible in the absence of the translator.. 
    * This will enable to wirte translators that can implement custom "Access Control Lists". Just imagine having advanced ACLs even if underlying FileSystem is dumb!  Imagine changing the type of ACLs implemented with Just two commands - one to unattach previous translator and the next to attach a different ACL translator! The ACLs themselves may be stored in a different directory
 
-
 * The translator manager!
    * Some translators will need to be inserted automatically - like for eg: hardware drivers ..
    * Each hardware translator will pubish its capabilities.
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
    * The control is then handed over to the slave translator.
    * The ranking not only looks who can handle the "most" capabilites of the hardware. If it finds that multiple translators can handle the same hardware, It will use other parameters to choose between them.. like may be the size in memory? The revision date? Stability (inferred from version number)? And to go to the extreme, the profiling data of the driver ;-P
    * Advantage : The best driver wins!
- 
+
 * An eg. Skip it if you understood the above :-):  
    * You have a driver that can handle VGA + SVGA + Super3d acceleration + Particle graphics + Works for nvidea card.      
    * You have a driver that can handle SVGA + VGA .
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
        * Winner : SVGA driver..
     * Case 3 : You have an VGA  .. but  no VGA driver .. then the SVGA driver would win.
 
-
 * Sound Server 
    * /ahsa   - stands for Advanced HURD sound architecture :-) Just a temporary name ..  for fun.
    * /ahsa/out   - directory wich will hold "plug"s where apllications come and join the server .. see below.
@@ -168,6 +167,3 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
 * Emacs File VFS
    * I came to know from my Emacs loving friend that there are lots of VFS handlers in Emacs.. I was wondering if there can be translator which can tap into these Emacs VFS handlers. 
-
--- 
-16 Jan 2007 Laxminarayan G Kamath A, laxminarayan@deeproot.co.in(translator wishlist)
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a70676a3cbb4a442253a1ecdc2d0d23ee25450ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 18:05:59 +0100
Subject: Use proper ikiwiki syntax.  Remove the link to the cross-gnu scripts,
 as it's being linked to the [[cross-compiling]] page now

---
 hurd/building.mdwn | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index b91a65fe..5b88ac7c 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -1,58 +1,69 @@
 /!\ The following information may very well be incomplete and out-dated.
 
 
-# <a name="Building_the_Hurd_from_Source"> Building the Hurd from Source </a>
+# Building the Hurd from Source
 
-If you want to build the Hurd libraries and servers (translators) yourself instead of just using pre-built binaries, follow these instructions.
+If you want to build the Hurd libraries and servers (translators) yourself
+instead of just using pre-built binaries, follow these instructions.
 
-One note before we begin: the likelihood that the compiled result will actually do what you expect it to do is the highest if you try building from the Debian source packages. This is especially true if you want to use your compilation within a Debian system.
+One note before we begin: the likelihood that the compiled result will actually
+do what you expect it to do is the highest if you try building from the Debian
+source packages.  This is especially true if you want to use your compilation
+within a Debian system.
 
-## <a name="Getting_the_Source_Code"> Getting the Source Code </a>
+## Getting the Source Code
 
-You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's RCS](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/download.html#cvs):
+You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's
+RCS](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/download.html#cvs):
 
     $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd
 
-... or (if you are working on a Debian system) the ones that are used for the [current Debian hurd package](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/hurd):
+... or (if you are working on a Debian system) the ones that are used for the
+[current Debian hurd package](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/hurd):
 
     $ apt-get source hurd
 
-Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using _apt-get source_.
+Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using `apt-get source`.
 
-The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (configured with _--disable-profile_) is around 100 MiB.
+The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (configured with
+`--disable-profile`) is around 100 MiB.
 
-## <a name="Preparing_for_the_Build"> Preparing for the Build </a>
+## Preparing for the Build
 
-### <a name="_on_Debian_systems"> ... on Debian systems </a>
+### ... on Debian systems
 
-Building the Hurd requires the _build-essential_ and _fakeroot_ packages, their dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source hurd package:
+Building the Hurd requires the *build-essential* and *fakeroot* packages, their
+dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source hurd
+package:
 
     # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
     # apt-get build-dep hurd
 
-### <a name="_on_non_Debian_systems"> ... on non-Debian systems </a>
+### ... on non-Debian systems
 
 [TODO]
 
-## <a name="Building"> Building </a>
+## Building
 
-### <a name="Debian_deb_Files"> Debian _.deb_ Files </a>
+### Debian `.deb` Files
 
 Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked Hurd sources, e.g.
 
     $ cd hurd-[TODO]
 
-If you want to work on the sources before building them, it's advisable to first apply the patches the Debian hurd package additionally contains:
+If you want to work on the sources before building them, it's advisable to
+first apply the patches the Debian hurd package additionally contains:
 
     $ debian/rules apply-patches
 
-Then edit and change whatever files you want and finally start the build process with
+Then edit and change whatever files you want and finally start the build
+process with
 
     $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -nc -b -rfakeroot
 
-The _.deb_ packages will then drop out at the _../_ directory.
+The `.deb` packages will then drop out at the `../` directory.
 
-### <a name="Building_but_not_the_Debian_Way"> Building, but not the Debian Way </a>
+### Building, but not the Debian Way
 
 The Hurd has to be built in a separate directory:
 
@@ -63,27 +74,36 @@ The Hurd has to be built in a separate directory:
     $ make
     $ make install
 
-Notice that _make install_ will install the Hurd in _/_, not in _/usr/local/_ or _/local/_, so your current Hurd servers will be replaced. [TODO: how to install somewhere else.]
+Notice that `make install` will install the Hurd in `/`, not in `/usr/local/`
+or `/local/`, so your current Hurd servers will be replaced.  [TODO: how to
+install somewhere else.]
 
-By default profiling versions of all the libraries and code are generated but this is useless in most of the cases, so we disable them by specifying _--disable-profile_ on \_configure\_'s command line.
+By default profiling versions of all the libraries and code are generated but
+this is useless in most of the cases, so we disable them by specifying
+`--disable-profile` on `configure`'s command line.
 
-If you just want to build a specific server or library, you can pass its name to _make_:
+If you just want to build a specific server or library, you can pass its name
+to `make`:
 
     $ make ext2fs
     $ make libtrivfs
 
-This will automatically build all libraries that are required to build the requested server or library.
+This will automatically build all libraries that are required to build the
+requested server or library.
 
-### <a name="Cross_Compiling"> Cross Compiling </a>
+### Cross Compiling
 
-* [[cross-compiling]]
-See <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env> and <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> for now.
+Read about [[cross-compiling]].
 
-## <a name="RPC_Ids"> </a> RPC Ids
+
+## RPC IDs
 
 [TODO: update / integrate somewhere.]
 
-If you want to trace the RPC calls made by some process by using `rpctrace` command, you will also want some more human-readable output of this command. This is achieved by generating `hurd.msgids` file that includes the mapping between the number of the RPC call and its name:
+If you want to trace the RPC calls made by some process by using `rpctrace`
+command, you will also want some more human-readable output of this
+command. This is achieved by generating `hurd.msgids` file that includes the
+mapping between the number of the RPC call and its name:
 
     $ cd build/hurd
     $ make hurd.msgids
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eda08f86a615dddace8b28f46ed71103a821b9ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 18:10:51 +0100
Subject: Not really interesting who has been doing this successfully, as it's
 just supposed to work.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 0c37bd07..51508d20 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ sub-page.
 
 ## Cross Compilation Guide
 
-This is a HOWTO to build a cross-compiler on x86 GNU/Linux so you can build GNU Mach, GNU Hurd. This has been successfully built by Vitalie Ciubotaru as posted here [1].
+This is a HOWTO to build a cross-compiler on x86 GNU/Linux so you can build GNU
+Mach, GNU Hurd.
 
 ## cross-gnu
 
@@ -548,9 +549,6 @@ else prj_x2 prj_set MAKE make
 fi
 </pre>
 
--- ShakthiKannan - 03 Oct 2007
-
 ## References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-* <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2007-06/msg00008.html>
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2d29a23f0c62bebe57ae31c22f7e96d8506aa400 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 18:14:55 +0100
Subject: Don't *include* the shell scripts, but *link* to them.

This is for a reason: I manage them in a RCS and from time to time publish
updates.  They're not going to be maintained inside the wiki system, but will
eventually be included in the Hurd's source code base.
---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 524 +------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 519 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 51508d20..5a5e3f60 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ Mach, GNU Hurd.
 
 [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
 complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
+
+For now, find the shell scripts at
+<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
+<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
+
 Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
 
 /!\ Be made aware that -- while it is of course possible to build a working
@@ -30,525 +35,6 @@ definitely needed for the glibc, Hurd and GCC source packages, as there are a
 bunch of outstanding patches that are needed for getting a functional build.
 
 
-<pre>
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Cross compile a GNU build environment.
-
-# Written by Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>.
-
-# This script is placed into the public domain; nevertheless, please feel free
-# to send any suggestions, improvements, etc. back to me.
-
-# The files are canonically found at
-# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
-# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
-
-# Thanks to
-# * Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo for updating the instructions about getting
-#   the source code of GCC using the Subversion repositories.
-
-# Prerequisites:
-#
-# A build environment for the system you're running the script on is required,
-# i.e. a C compiler with the basic libraries and `make'.  You might also need
-# `flex' and `bison'.
-
-# Usage:
-#
-# Place `cross-gnu' and `cross-gnu-env' somewhere in `$PATH', e.g. in `~/bin/'.
-
-# Get the source code of the
-
-# * GNU Binutils, <http://gnu.org/software/binutils/>, `src/binutils'
-#
-#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
-#       co -r binutils-2_17-branch binutils
-#   $ mv src binutils-2_17-branch
-#
-#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/>.
-
-# * GNU Compiler Collection, <http://gcc.gnu.org/>, `src/gcc'
-#
-#   $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/BRANCH gcc
-#   $ mv gcc BRANCH
-#
-#   BRANCH is one of `gcc-3_3-branch', `gcc-3_4-branch', `gcc-4_0-branch',
-#   `gcc-4_1-branch' or the tag of a released version like `gcc_3_4_3_release'.
-#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>.
-
-# * GNU C Library, <http://gnu.org/software/libc/>, `src/glibc'
-#
-#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc \
-#       co -r glibc-2_3-branch glibc
-#   $ mv libc glibc-2_3-branch
-#
-#   Change `glibc-2_3-branch' to `glibc-2_5-branch' to get the glibc 2.5 branch
-#   or omit `-r glibc-2_3-branch' if you want to get the trunk, i.e. the glibc
-#   2.6 branch, but note that building both of them currently won't work
-#   without heavy patching.
-#
-#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>.
-#
-#   If you want to use GCC 4.1 or newer, you'll also need to apply the
-#   following patch, for both glibc-2_3-branch and glibc-2_5-branch:
-#   <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/init-first.c_vs._GCC_4.1.patch>.
-#
-#   If you use a GNU Make version newer than 3.80, you also need to apply the
-#   following patch to glibc-2_3-branch:
-#   <http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2507#c2>.
-
-# * GNU Hurd, <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, `src/hurd'
-#
-#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
-
-# * GNU Mach (gnumach-1-branch), <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, `src/gnumach'
-#
-#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd \
-#       co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
-#   $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
-
-# * GNU Mach Interface Generator, <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, `src/mig'
-#
-#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
-
-# * GNU Debugger, <http://gnu.org/software/gdb/>, `src/gdb'
-#
-#   This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
-#
-#   $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
-#       co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
-#   $ mv src gdb_6_6-branch
-#
-#   Or fetch a tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/>.
-
-# Unpack the tarballs if you downloaded any.
-
-# Create a directory where the cross build shall take place and `cd' to that
-# directory.  Create a subdirectory `src' and create symbolic links for every
-# of the above packages: from `src/PACKAGE' to where you stored or unpacked it.
-# If you don't intend to build several cross compilers or use the source trees
-# otherwise, you can also directly store the source trees in `src/'.  The
-# source trees can be shared between multiple cross build trees since the
-# package's build systems are supposed not to modify the files in the source
-# trees.  Not all packages adhere to that, but they fail to do so only for
-# pre-processed documentation, etc., as far as I can tell.
-
-# Run
-# $ ROOT=. cross-gnu
-# ... to create the cross build environment in the current directory from the
-# sources in `src/'.
-
-# Later, run
-# $ ROOT=WHERE_THE_ROOT_OF_THE_CROSS_BUILD_TREE_IS; . cross-gnu-env
-# ... to set up `$PATH' (and some other environment variables; have a look at
-# cross-gnu-env), so that you can easily use e.g. the cross compiler running
-# `$TARGET-gcc'.
-
-# Notes:
-
-# You can re-run `cross-gnu' to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
-# changed since the last run.  This might save a lot of time and is especially
-# useful if you aren't working with unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's branches or
-# want to quickly get a new tool chain with patches you applied to the source
-# trees.
-# I would, however, _not_ recommend to use this technique when doing major
-# changes to the source trees, like switching from gcc-3.3 to gcc-3.4.
-
-# There are several parts marked with `TODO' in this file; feel free to have a
-# look at these issues and send the outcome back to me.
-
-
-# Set up the environment.
-
-. cross-gnu-env
-
-case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
-
-
-# Be verbose.
-
-set -x &&
-
-
-# Create directories.
-
-mkdir -p "$ROOT" &&
-cd "$ROOT" &&
-mkdir -p bin "$SYS_ROOT"/{include,lib} "$TARGET" &&
-ln -sfn "$SYS_ROOT"/{include,lib} "$TARGET"/ &&
-
-
-# Install the cross GNU Binutils.
-
-mkdir -p "$BINUTILS_SRC".obj &&
-cd "$BINUTILS_SRC".obj &&
-# We use `config.status''s existence as an indicator whether the package was
-# configured already.  (E.g. when running cross-gnu a second time to update the
-# tool chain.)
-if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  "$BINUTILS_SRC"/configure \
-    --target="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix="$ROOT" \
-    --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
-    --disable-nls
-fi &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  all \
-  install &&
-
-
-# Install a minimal cross GCC to build a cross MIG and the GNU C Library.
-
-mkdir -p "$GCC_SRC".obj &&
-cd "$GCC_SRC".obj &&
-# Perhaps we already have a complete cross GCC?
-if "$TARGET"-gcc --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-    "$GCC_SRC"/configure \
-      --target="$TARGET" \
-      --prefix="$ROOT" \
-      --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
-      --disable-nls \
-      --disable-shared \
-      --without-headers \
-      --with-newlib \
-      --enable-languages=c
-  fi &&
-
-# TODO: GCC 3.3 and GCC 3.4 need this for building libgcc.a.  Not needed for
-# GCC 4.0.
-  : > "$SYS_ROOT"/include/signal.h &&
-  mkdir -p "$SYS_ROOT"/include/sys &&
-  : > "$SYS_ROOT"/include/sys/ucontext.h &&
-
-  if "$MAKE" \
-      all-gcc \
-      install-gcc &&
-# TODO: Make glibc happy.  We can not yet build libgcc_eh, but glibc's build
-# system wants to link against that library.  A totally empty file is fine for
-# binutils-2.16, but not for binutils-2.15.
-# <http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2003-09/msg00100.html>.
-      echo '/* Empty.  */' > "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/libgcc_eh.a
-  then
-    # Remove the bogus files if building the cross compiler succeesded.
-    rm config.status "$SYS_ROOT"/include/{signal.h,sys/ucontext.h}
-  else
-    # That indication file might already have been installed, but we do not yet
-    # have a complete, working cross compiler.
-    rm -f "$ROOT"/bin/"$TARGET"-gcc &&
-    exit 100
-  fi
-fi &&
-
-
-# Install GNU Mach's header files.
-
-mkdir -p "$GNUMACH_SRC".obj &&
-cd "$GNUMACH_SRC".obj &&
-if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  # `$TARGET-gcc' doesn't work yet (to satisfy the Autoconf checks), but isn't
-  # needed either.
-  CC=gcc \
-  "$GNUMACH_SRC"/configure \
-    --host="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix=
-fi &&
-if grep -q install-data "$GNUMACH_SRC"/Makefile.in; then
-  "$MAKE" \
-    DESTDIR="$SYS_ROOT" \
-    install-data
-else
-  # Old.
-  "$MAKE" \
-    prefix="$SYS_ROOT" \
-    no_deps=t \
-    install-headers
-fi &&
-
-
-# Install a cross GNU MIG.
-
-mkdir -p "$MIG_SRC".obj &&
-cd "$MIG_SRC".obj &&
-if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  "$MIG_SRC"/configure \
-    --target="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix="$ROOT"
-fi &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  all \
-  install &&
-
-
-# Install the GNU Hurd's header files.
-
-mkdir -p "$HURD_SRC".obj &&
-cd "$HURD_SRC".obj &&
-if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  # `$TARGET-gcc' doesn't work yet (to satisfy the Autoconf checks), but isn't
-  # needed either.
-  CC=gcc \
-  "$HURD_SRC"/configure \
-    --host="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix= \
-    --disable-profile
-fi &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  prefix="$SYS_ROOT" \
-  no_deps=t \
-  install-headers &&
-# Below, we will reconfigure for allowing to build the pthreads library.
-if grep -q '^CC = gcc$' config.make
-then rm config.status
-else :
-fi &&
-
-
-# Install the GNU C Library.
-
-# Do we already have the GNU C library installed?
-if test -h "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/ld.so; then :; else
-  mkdir -p "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
-  cd "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
-  if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-    # `--build' has to be set to make sure that glibc is cross compiled.
-    # TODO: Unless overridden, the build system is forced to think that the
-    # linker doesn't support the `-z relro' flag, because there are unfixed
-    # bugs in glibc w.r.t. that flag.  Likewise for `--without-tls'.
-    "$GLIBC_SRC"/configure \
-      --without-cvs \
-      --build="`"$GLIBC_SRC"/scripts/config.guess`" \
-      --host="$TARGET" \
-      --prefix= \
-      --with-headers="$SYS_ROOT"/include \
-      --disable-profile \
-      ${CROSS_GNU_TLS---without-tls} \
-      ${CROSS_GNU_Z_RELRO-libc_cv_z_relro=no}
-  fi &&
-  if "$MAKE" \
-       install_root="$SYS_ROOT" \
-       all \
-       install
-  then
-    # TODO: Why doesn't `make install' do that?
-    ln -sf ld.so.1 "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/ld.so &&
-    if [ "$CROSS_GNU_REINSTALL_GLIBC" = n ]; then :; else
-      # Force re-linking files once libgcc_eh is available.  TODO: Is the
-      # following enough?
-      rm -f "$GLIBC_SRC".obj/config.status
-#      rm -rf "$GLIBC_SRC".obj
-    fi
-  else
-    # That indication file might already have been installed, but we do not yet
-    # have a complete, working installation of the GNU C library.
-    rm -f "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/ld.so
-    exit 100
-  fi
-fi &&
-
-
-# Install the GNU Hurd's pthreads library.
-
-cd "$HURD_SRC".obj &&
-if ./config.status --version > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  "$HURD_SRC"/configure \
-    --host="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix= \
-    --disable-profile
-fi &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  libpthread &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  prefix="$SYS_ROOT" \
-  libihash-install libpthread-install &&
-
-
-# Install a complete cross GCC.
-
-cd "$GCC_SRC".obj &&
-if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  # TODO: At the moment we only configure for creating a C compiler.
-  "$GCC_SRC"/configure \
-    --target="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix="$ROOT" \
-    --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
-    --disable-nls \
-    --enable-languages=c
-fi &&
-# Remove the bogus libgcc_eh.
-rm -f "$SYS_ROOT"/lib/libgcc_eh.a &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  all \
-  install &&
-
-
-# Install the GNU C Library.
-
-mkdir -p "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
-cd "$GLIBC_SRC".obj &&
-if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-  # `--build' has to be set to make sure that glibc is cross compiled.
-  # TODO: Unless overridden, the build system is forced to think that the
-  # linker doesn't support the `-z relro' flag, because there are unfixed
-  # bugs in glibc w.r.t. that flag.  Likewise for `--without-tls'.
-  "$GLIBC_SRC"/configure \
-    --without-cvs \
-    --build="`"$GLIBC_SRC"/scripts/config.guess`" \
-    --host="$TARGET" \
-    --prefix= \
-    --with-headers="$SYS_ROOT"/include \
-    --disable-profile \
-    ${CROSS_GNU_TLS---without-tls} \
-    ${CROSS_GNU_Z_RELRO-libc_cv_z_relro=no}
-fi &&
-"$MAKE" \
-  install_root="$SYS_ROOT" \
-  all \
-  install &&
-
-
-# Install a cross GDB, if requested.
-
-if test -d "$GDB_SRC"/; then
-  mkdir -p "$GDB_SRC".obj &&
-  cd "$GDB_SRC".obj &&
-  if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-    "$GDB_SRC"/configure \
-      --target="$TARGET" \
-      --prefix="$ROOT" \
-      --with-sysroot="$SYS_ROOT" \
-      --disable-nls
-  fi &&
-  "$MAKE" \
-    all \
-    install &&
-
-
-  # If possible, install a cross compiled `gdbserver' to be ran on the TARGET
-  # system.
-
-  if grep -q '86-\*-gnu\*' "$GDB_SRC"/gdb/gdbserver/README; then
-    mkdir -p gdb/gdbserver &&
-    cd gdb/gdbserver &&
-    if ./config.status > /dev/null 2>&1; then :; else
-      "$GDB_SRC"/gdb/gdbserver/configure \
-        --host="$TARGET" \
-        --prefix="$SYS_ROOT"
-    fi &&
-    "$MAKE" \
-      all \
-      install
-  else :
-  fi
-fi &&
-
-
-# Success.
-
-echo "$0"': Everything should be in place now.'
-</pre>
-
-## cross-gnu-env
-
-<pre>
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Cross compile a GNU build environment.
-
-# Written by Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>.
-
-# This script is placed into the public domain; nevertheless, please feel free
-# to send any suggestions, improvements, etc. back to me.
-
-# The files are canonically found at
-# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
-# <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
-
-
-# Functions from Paul Jarc's prjlibs available at
-# <http://code.dogmap.org/prjlibs/>.
-
-# sh/set.sh
-case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
-prj_set() {
-  eval "$1=\${2?}"
-}
-
-# sh/set_default.sh
-case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
-prj_set_default() {
-  : "${2?}" &&
-  eval "
-  if test \"\${$1+x}\" = x; then :; else
-    $1=\$2
-  fi"
-}
-
-# sh/unset.sh
-case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
-prj_unset() {
-  while test "$#" != 0; do
-    { eval "$1=" &&
-      unset "$1" &&
-      shift
-    } || return "$?"
-  done
-}
-
-# sh/x2.sh
-case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
-prj_x2() {
-  : "${2?}" &&
-  "$@" &&
-  export "$2"
-}
-
-case $? in 0) :;; *) (exit "$?");; esac &&
-
-
-# Create a clean environment.
-
-prj_x2 prj_set LC_ALL C &&
-prj_unset ASFLAGS CFLAGS CPPFLAGS CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS &&
-prj_unset MAKEFLAGS &&
-
-
-# Environment variables.
-
-# `$ROOT' defaults to `~/tmp/gnu'.
-prj_x2 prj_set_default ROOT ~/tmp/gnu &&
-# `$ROOT' must specify an absolute path.
-case $ROOT in
-  /*)
-    :;;
-  *)
-    ROOT=`cd "$ROOT" && pwd`;;
-esac &&
-
-prj_x2 prj_set_default SYS_ROOT "$ROOT"/sys_root &&
-
-prj_x2 prj_set_default TARGET i586-pc-gnu &&
-
-prj_x2 prj_set_default BINUTILS_SRC "$ROOT"/src/binutils &&
-prj_x2 prj_set_default GCC_SRC "$ROOT"/src/gcc &&
-prj_x2 prj_set_default GDB_SRC "$ROOT"/src/gdb &&
-prj_x2 prj_set_default GLIBC_SRC "$ROOT"/src/glibc &&
-prj_x2 prj_set_default GNUMACH_SRC "$ROOT"/src/gnumach &&
-prj_x2 prj_set_default HURD_SRC "$ROOT"/src/hurd &&
-prj_x2 prj_set_default MIG_SRC "$ROOT"/src/mig &&
-
-# TODO.  See cross-gnu.
-prj_x2 prj_set_default CROSS_GNU_REINSTALL_GLIBC y &&
-
-prj_x2 prj_set PATH "$ROOT"/bin:"$PATH" &&
-
-if gmake --version 2> /dev/null | grep -q GNU
-then prj_x2 prj_set MAKE gmake
-else prj_x2 prj_set MAKE make
-fi
-</pre>
-
 ## References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8ecf72bde883e38e06252b38d86184dcadac81c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 18:19:26 +0100
Subject: Gerenal hints about where to ask questions and give comments.

---
 how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn | 4 ++++
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn  | 3 ---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
index 43d5b23e..8112fadd 100644
--- a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
+++ b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ projects:
 Before doing any changes, you are encouraged to play a bit in this wiki's
 [[sandbox]], to become familiar with the [[Markdown]] syntax.
 
+Feel free to ask questions or report problems on every page's [[discussion]]
+sub-page.  They're reachable from the *Discussion* link on the top of the page,
+which will, when selected, create a new page if there isn't one yet.
+
 
 # Edit Via the Web Interface
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 5a5e3f60..e4bf7dd2 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-Feel free to ask questions or report problems on this page's [[discussion]]
-sub-page.
-
 ## Cross Compilation Guide
 
 This is a HOWTO to build a cross-compiler on x86 GNU/Linux so you can build GNU
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7e780f85b763ee409e0a6ba06b204ce9ac4c8f8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 18:21:44 +0100
Subject: This isn't just for ``x86 GNU/Linux'', but for every Unixy system.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 9 ++-------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index e4bf7dd2..fd2479b5 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -6,12 +6,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-## Cross Compilation Guide
-
-This is a HOWTO to build a cross-compiler on x86 GNU/Linux so you can build GNU
-Mach, GNU Hurd.
-
-## cross-gnu
+# `cross-gnu`
 
 [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
 complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
@@ -32,6 +27,6 @@ definitely needed for the glibc, Hurd and GCC source packages, as there are a
 bunch of outstanding patches that are needed for getting a functional build.
 
 
-## References
+# References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 664fda183dd77c991b0a134f56a9d6f1dec685b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 18:28:30 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                |  2 +-
 hurd/building.mdwn         |  2 ++
 hurd/building/example.mdwn | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurdcompilation.mdwn       | 58 ----------------------------------------------
 hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn      |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/building/example.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurdcompilation.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 85e53bc8..a9a34818 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 ## Compilation
    * [[GNUMachCompilation]] Compiling GNU Mach from sources
-   * [[HurdCompilation]] Compilation of Hurd sources
+   * An [[hurd/building/example]] about the compilation of Hurd sources
diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index 5b88ac7c..7a24f70a 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+Additional to the following text, a further [[example]] has be posted.
+
 /!\ The following information may very well be incomplete and out-dated.
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/example.mdwn b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0adaf1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+I checked out the source code on my Ubuntu GNU/Linux system connected to the
+Internet using:
+
+    cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd
+
+I mounted the hurd directory on Ubuntu from my GNU Hurd system connected to the
+LAN through NFS:
+
+    settrans -ac /mnt /hurd/nfs ubuntu:/home/shaks/code
+
+Copy the hurd directory, locally.
+
+For compilation, you require build-essential, libc0.3-dev, hurd-dev.  I used
+Debian GNU Hurd K10 CDs for installation and they are available in the first
+CD.
+
+    apt-get update
+    apt-get install build-essential libc0.3-dev hurd-dev
+
+Enter into the hurd directory and start building it:
+
+    cd hurd
+    mkdir build 
+    cd build 
+    ../configure
+    make
+
+There is a "libiohelp needed by" error.  So, do a manual compilation for
+libiohelp.
+
+    cd ..
+    make libiohelp
+    cd build
+    make
+
+There is a "libiostore needed by" error.  So, do a manual compilation for
+libiostore.
+
+    cd ..
+    make libiostore
+    cd build
+    make
+
+There is a "libiohelp.so: No such file or directory" error.
+
+Copy libiohelp/libiohelp.so file to build/libiohelp/ and re-run make,
+
+    make
+
+The executables are created in the subdirectories in build/ directory.
diff --git a/hurdcompilation.mdwn b/hurdcompilation.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 0adaf1f8..00000000
--- a/hurdcompilation.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-I checked out the source code on my Ubuntu GNU/Linux system connected to the
-Internet using:
-
-    cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd
-
-I mounted the hurd directory on Ubuntu from my GNU Hurd system connected to the
-LAN through NFS:
-
-    settrans -ac /mnt /hurd/nfs ubuntu:/home/shaks/code
-
-Copy the hurd directory, locally.
-
-For compilation, you require build-essential, libc0.3-dev, hurd-dev.  I used
-Debian GNU Hurd K10 CDs for installation and they are available in the first
-CD.
-
-    apt-get update
-    apt-get install build-essential libc0.3-dev hurd-dev
-
-Enter into the hurd directory and start building it:
-
-    cd hurd
-    mkdir build 
-    cd build 
-    ../configure
-    make
-
-There is a "libiohelp needed by" error.  So, do a manual compilation for
-libiohelp.
-
-    cd ..
-    make libiohelp
-    cd build
-    make
-
-There is a "libiostore needed by" error.  So, do a manual compilation for
-libiostore.
-
-    cd ..
-    make libiostore
-    cd build
-    make
-
-There is a "libiohelp.so: No such file or directory" error.
-
-Copy libiohelp/libiohelp.so file to build/libiohelp/ and re-run make,
-
-    make
-
-The executables are created in the subdirectories in build/ directory.
diff --git a/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn b/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn
index 47525c50..ddc0d7a9 100644
--- a/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn
+++ b/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 Build the Hurd sources:
 ------------------------
  
-Refer to: [[HurdCompilation]]
+Refer to this [[hurd/building/example]].
 
 Create the library files:
 ----------------------
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7af9f1d9e3f8d6e893e93645cbf75081e507daf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 19:29:55 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                |   2 +-
 hurd/libhello_example.mdwn | 165 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn      | 165 ---------------------------------------------
 3 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 1398bcd2..8cd3ed2c 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * [[QemuFileSharingWithHost]] File sharing between GNU on Qemu and the Host OS
    * [[Setupcvsfs]]Setting up cvsfs from HurdExtras
    * [[HurdTranslatorExample]] Hurd translator example
-   * [[HurdLibraryHOWTO]] Hurd Library HOWTO
+   * [[hurd/libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
 
 ## Compilation
 
diff --git a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5df45e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## Howto write a Hurd library
+
+Build the Hurd sources:
+------------------------
+
+Refer to this [[hurd/building/example]].
+
+Create the library files:
+----------------------
+
+Create a directory, say, libhello in the Hurd sources directory. 
+
+Create a lhello.h header file:
+
+    /* lhello.h - Example library header file.
+       Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+       Written by Shakthi Kannan <shaks@shakthimaan.com>.
+    
+       This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
+    
+       The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+       modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+       published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+       your option) any later version.
+    
+       The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+       WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+       General Public License for more details.
+    
+       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+       along with the GNU Hurd; if not, write to the Free Software
+       Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+    
+    #ifndef _HURD_HELLO_H
+    #define _HURD_HELLO_H	1
+    
+    struct hello
+    {
+      int x;
+    };
+    
+    #endif	/* _HURD_HELLO_H */
+
+Replace filename, year, author name and e-mail address appropriately.
+
+Create a lhello.c file:
+
+    /* lhello.c - Example library .c file.
+       Copyright (C) 2006
+       Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+       Written by Shakthi Kannan <shaks@shakthimaan.com>.
+       
+       This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
+    
+       The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+       it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+       the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+       any later version.
+    
+       The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+       but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+       GNU General Public License for more details.
+    
+       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+       along with the GNU Hurd; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+       the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+    
+    #include "lhello.h"
+    
+    void 
+    print_hello (void)
+    {
+      struct hello example;
+      example.x = 2;
+      printf ("foo and bar are %d words!\n", example.x);
+    } 
+
+Replace header file year, author name and e-mail address appropriately.
+
+Create a Makefile
+
+    #
+    #   Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+    #
+    #   This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
+    #
+    #   The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+    #   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+    #   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+    #   your option) any later version.
+    #
+    #   The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+    #   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    #   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+    #   General Public License for more details.
+    #
+    #   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    #   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    #   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+    
+    dir := libhello
+    makemode := library
+    
+    libname := libhello
+    SRCS = lhello.c
+    installhdrs = lhello.h
+    LCLHDRS = $(installhdrs)
+    
+    OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
+    
+    include ../Makeconf
+
+Update the Makeconf file:
+
+Add libhello to lib-subdirs target in the top-level Makefile in the Hurd
+sources.
+
+    cd build
+    ../configure
+    make
+
+Testing the library
+-------------------
+
+Write a file, say, foo.c:
+
+    /* foo.c */
+    
+    #define _GNU_SOURCE
+    
+    int
+    main (int argc, char *argv[])
+    {
+      print_hello();
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+Static compilation and linking method:
+
+    gcc -g -o foo foo.c -L/path/to/libhello -lhello -static
+
+Run the example:
+
+    ./foo
+
+Compilation and dynamic linking method:
+
+    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/libhello
+    gcc -g -o foo foo.c -L/path/to/libhello -lhello
+
+where /path/to/libhello = /path/to/hurd/build/libhello
+
+Run the example:
+
+    ./foo
diff --git a/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn b/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d5df45e3..00000000
--- a/hurdlibraryhowto.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Howto write a Hurd library
-
-Build the Hurd sources:
-------------------------
-
-Refer to this [[hurd/building/example]].
-
-Create the library files:
-----------------------
-
-Create a directory, say, libhello in the Hurd sources directory. 
-
-Create a lhello.h header file:
-
-    /* lhello.h - Example library header file.
-       Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-       Written by Shakthi Kannan <shaks@shakthimaan.com>.
-    
-       This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
-    
-       The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-       modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-       published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
-       your option) any later version.
-    
-       The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-       WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-       General Public License for more details.
-    
-       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-       along with the GNU Hurd; if not, write to the Free Software
-       Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
-    
-    #ifndef _HURD_HELLO_H
-    #define _HURD_HELLO_H	1
-    
-    struct hello
-    {
-      int x;
-    };
-    
-    #endif	/* _HURD_HELLO_H */
-
-Replace filename, year, author name and e-mail address appropriately.
-
-Create a lhello.c file:
-
-    /* lhello.c - Example library .c file.
-       Copyright (C) 2006
-       Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-       Written by Shakthi Kannan <shaks@shakthimaan.com>.
-       
-       This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
-    
-       The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-       it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-       the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-       any later version.
-    
-       The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-       but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-       GNU General Public License for more details.
-    
-       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-       along with the GNU Hurd; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
-       the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
-    
-    #include "lhello.h"
-    
-    void 
-    print_hello (void)
-    {
-      struct hello example;
-      example.x = 2;
-      printf ("foo and bar are %d words!\n", example.x);
-    } 
-
-Replace header file year, author name and e-mail address appropriately.
-
-Create a Makefile
-
-    #
-    #   Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-    #
-    #   This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
-    #
-    #   The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-    #   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-    #   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
-    #   your option) any later version.
-    #
-    #   The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-    #   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    #   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-    #   General Public License for more details.
-    #
-    #   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    #   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    #   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-    
-    dir := libhello
-    makemode := library
-    
-    libname := libhello
-    SRCS = lhello.c
-    installhdrs = lhello.h
-    LCLHDRS = $(installhdrs)
-    
-    OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
-    
-    include ../Makeconf
-
-Update the Makeconf file:
-
-Add libhello to lib-subdirs target in the top-level Makefile in the Hurd
-sources.
-
-    cd build
-    ../configure
-    make
-
-Testing the library
--------------------
-
-Write a file, say, foo.c:
-
-    /* foo.c */
-    
-    #define _GNU_SOURCE
-    
-    int
-    main (int argc, char *argv[])
-    {
-      print_hello();
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-Static compilation and linking method:
-
-    gcc -g -o foo foo.c -L/path/to/libhello -lhello -static
-
-Run the example:
-
-    ./foo
-
-Compilation and dynamic linking method:
-
-    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/libhello
-    gcc -g -o foo foo.c -L/path/to/libhello -lhello
-
-where /path/to/libhello = /path/to/hurd/build/libhello
-
-Run the example:
-
-    ./foo
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 26914f95a7f8bd868d8808f00fd90f90926f690a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 19:34:40 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                          |   3 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                 |   2 +
 hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn | 301 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurdtranslatorexample.mdwn           | 301 -----------------------------------
 4 files changed, 305 insertions(+), 302 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurdtranslatorexample.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 8cd3ed2c..7d893c68 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
    * [[QemuFileSharingWithHost]] File sharing between GNU on Qemu and the Host OS
    * [[Setupcvsfs]]Setting up cvsfs from HurdExtras
-   * [[HurdTranslatorExample]] Hurd translator example
+   * [[hurd/translator/writing/Example]] about how to write a simple Hurd
+     translator
    * [[hurd/libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
 
 ## Compilation
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 63812e0d..202f6ff1 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ To learn how to write a translator, read the code!
 It is well documented, in particular, the header files.
 The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
+Also there is an [[writing/example]] about how to write a simple translator.
+
 
 # Existing Translators
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83ac7da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## Data User-Server Translator Example
+
+The code examples were written by Anand Babu.
+
+We have a data.h header file, a data.defs file, a data-user.c, data-server.c
+sources files and a Makefile.
+
+data.h:
+-------
+
+    #ifndef	_data_user_
+    #define	_data_user_
+    
+    /* Module data */
+    
+    #include <mach/kern_return.h>
+    #include <mach/port.h>
+    #include <mach/message.h>
+    
+    #include <mach/std_types.h>
+    #include <mach/mach_types.h>
+    #include <device/device_types.h>
+    #include <device/net_status.h>
+    #include <sys/types.h>
+    #include <sys/stat.h>
+    #include <sys/statfs.h>
+    #include <sys/resource.h>
+    #include <sys/utsname.h>
+    #include <hurd/hurd_types.h>
+    
+    /* Routine data_set_value */
+    #ifdef	mig_external
+    mig_external
+    #else
+    extern
+    #endif
+    kern_return_t S_data_set_value
+    #if	defined(LINTLIBRARY)
+        (data_port, value)
+    	mach_port_t data_port;
+    	int value;
+    { return S_data_set_value(data_port, value); }
+    #else
+    (
+    	mach_port_t data_port,
+    	int value
+    );
+    #endif
+    
+    /* Routine data_get_value */
+    #ifdef	mig_external
+    mig_external
+    #else
+    extern
+    #endif
+    kern_return_t S_data_get_value
+    #if	defined(LINTLIBRARY)
+        (data_port, value)
+    	mach_port_t data_port;
+    	int *value;
+    { return S_data_get_value(data_port, value); }
+    #else
+    (
+    	mach_port_t data_port,
+    	int *value
+    );
+    #endif
+    
+    #endif	/* not defined(_data_user_) */
+
+data.defs:
+----------
+
+    /* Definitions for data interface
+    
+    This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
+    
+    The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+    any later version.
+    
+    The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+    
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with the GNU Hurd; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+    the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
+    
+    subsystem data 45000;
+    
+    #include <hurd/hurd_types.defs>
+    
+    #ifdef STACK_IMPORTS
+    STACK_IMPORTS
+    #endif
+    
+    /* intr-rpc.defs defines the INTR_INTERFACE macro to make the generated RPC
+    stubs send-interruptible, and to prefix them with `hurd_intr_rpc_'. */
+    INTR_INTERFACE
+    
+    /* set integer value to data */
+    routine data_set_value (
+    	data_port: mach_port_t;
+    	value: int);
+    
+    /* get integer value from data */
+    routine data_get_value (
+    	data_port: mach_port_t;
+    	out value: int);
+
+data-user.c:
+------------
+
+    #include <stdio.h>
+    #include <hurd.h>
+    #include <hurd/hurd_types.h>
+    #include "data.h"
+    
+    #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+      #define _GNU_SOURCE
+    #endif
+    
+    int
+    main(int argc, char *argv[])
+    {
+      int value=0;
+      mach_port_t data_server_port;
+    
+      data_server_port = file_name_lookup ("/tmp/trans", 0, 0);
+      printf ("data_server_port [%u]\n", data_server_port);
+      S_data_set_value (data_server_port, 99);
+      S_data_get_value (data_server_port, &value);
+      printf ("data->get_value: [%d]\n", value);
+      
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+data-server.c:
+--------------
+
+    #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+      #define _GNU_SOURCE
+    #endif
+    
+    #include <stdio.h>
+    #include <getopt.h>
+    #include <errno.h>
+    #include <sys/stat.h>
+    #include <error.h>
+    
+    #include <hurd/ports.h>
+    #include <hurd/hurd_types.h>
+    #include <hurd/trivfs.h>
+    
+    #include "data.h"
+    
+    extern boolean_t S_data_server
+    (mach_msg_header_t *InHeadP, mach_msg_header_t *OutHeadP);
+    
+    int trivfs_fstype = FSTYPE_MISC;
+    int trivfs_fsid = 0;
+    int trivfs_support_read = 0;
+    int trivfs_support_write = 0;
+    int trivfs_support_exec = 0;
+    int trivfs_allow_open = 0x00;
+    int trivfs_protid_nportclasses = 0;
+    int trivfs_cntl_nportclasses = 0;
+    
+    int data_value;
+    
+    int demuxer (mach_msg_header_t *inp, mach_msg_header_t *outp)
+    {
+      return (S_data_server(inp,outp)||trivfs_demuxer(inp,outp));
+    }
+    
+    void trivfs_modify_stat (struct trivfs_protid *cred, io_statbuf_t  *st)
+    {
+    }
+    error_t trivfs_goaway (struct trivfs_control *fsys, int flags)
+    {
+      exit (0);
+    }
+    
+    kern_return_t S_data_set_value (mach_port_t data_port, int value)
+    {
+      data_value = value;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    
+    kern_return_t S_data_get_value (mach_port_t data_port, int *value)
+    {
+      *value = data_value;
+      return 0;
+    }
+    
+    int
+    main(int argc, char *argv[])
+    {
+      int err;
+      mach_port_t bootstrap;
+      struct trivfs_control *fsys;
+    
+      if (argc > 1)
+        {
+          fprintf(stderr, "Usage: settrans [opts] node %s\n", program_invocation_name); 
+          exit (1);
+        }
+    
+      task_get_bootstrap_port (mach_task_self (), &bootstrap);
+      if (bootstrap == MACH_PORT_NULL)
+        error(2, 0, "Must be started as a translator");
+    
+      /* Reply to our parent */
+      err = trivfs_startup (bootstrap, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,&fsys);
+      mach_port_deallocate (mach_task_self (), bootstrap);
+      if (err) {
+        return (0);
+      }
+    
+      ports_manage_port_operations_one_thread (fsys->pi.bucket, demuxer, 0);
+    
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+Makefile:
+---------
+
+    CC = gcc
+    MIG = mig
+    CFLAGS = -Wall -g  -D_GNU_SOURCE
+    LDFLAGS = -lthreads -lports -ltrivfs -lfshelp -lshouldbeinlibc
+    INCLUDES = -I.
+    LCHDRS = 
+    MIGCOMSFLAGS = -prefix S_
+    OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
+    TAGS = etags.emacs21
+    
+    all: data-server data-user
+    tags:
+    	$(TAGS) $(SRCS) $(LCHDRS)
+    
+    stubs: data.defs
+    	$(MIG) $(MIGCOMSFLAGS) -server dataServer.c -user dataUser.c $^
+    data-server: data-server.c dataServer.c 
+    	$(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
+    data-user: data-user.c dataUser.c
+    	$(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $@
+    clean:
+    	rm -f *.o data-server data-user
+    
+    start: data-server data-user
+    	settrans -ac /tmp/trans data-server
+    	ps -x | grep data-server
+    end:
+    	settrans -fg /tmp/trans
+
+Building
+--------
+
+Do
+
+    make stubs
+
+to create the dataUser.c and dataServer.c files generated by mig.  Create the
+executables using:
+
+    make all
+
+Testing
+-------
+
+Start the data-server translator using:
+
+    settrans -ac /tmp/trans data-server
+
+You can check if it is running using
+
+    ps -x | grep data-server
+
+Run the data-user executable to get the resultant output.
+
+You can remove the translator using:
+
+    settrans -fg /tmp/trans
+
+To remove the built files use:
+
+    make clean
+
+Happy Hacking!
diff --git a/hurdtranslatorexample.mdwn b/hurdtranslatorexample.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 83ac7da1..00000000
--- a/hurdtranslatorexample.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,301 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Data User-Server Translator Example
-
-The code examples were written by Anand Babu.
-
-We have a data.h header file, a data.defs file, a data-user.c, data-server.c
-sources files and a Makefile.
-
-data.h:
--------
-
-    #ifndef	_data_user_
-    #define	_data_user_
-    
-    /* Module data */
-    
-    #include <mach/kern_return.h>
-    #include <mach/port.h>
-    #include <mach/message.h>
-    
-    #include <mach/std_types.h>
-    #include <mach/mach_types.h>
-    #include <device/device_types.h>
-    #include <device/net_status.h>
-    #include <sys/types.h>
-    #include <sys/stat.h>
-    #include <sys/statfs.h>
-    #include <sys/resource.h>
-    #include <sys/utsname.h>
-    #include <hurd/hurd_types.h>
-    
-    /* Routine data_set_value */
-    #ifdef	mig_external
-    mig_external
-    #else
-    extern
-    #endif
-    kern_return_t S_data_set_value
-    #if	defined(LINTLIBRARY)
-        (data_port, value)
-    	mach_port_t data_port;
-    	int value;
-    { return S_data_set_value(data_port, value); }
-    #else
-    (
-    	mach_port_t data_port,
-    	int value
-    );
-    #endif
-    
-    /* Routine data_get_value */
-    #ifdef	mig_external
-    mig_external
-    #else
-    extern
-    #endif
-    kern_return_t S_data_get_value
-    #if	defined(LINTLIBRARY)
-        (data_port, value)
-    	mach_port_t data_port;
-    	int *value;
-    { return S_data_get_value(data_port, value); }
-    #else
-    (
-    	mach_port_t data_port,
-    	int *value
-    );
-    #endif
-    
-    #endif	/* not defined(_data_user_) */
-
-data.defs:
-----------
-
-    /* Definitions for data interface
-    
-    This file is part of the GNU Hurd.
-    
-    The GNU Hurd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-    any later version.
-    
-    The GNU Hurd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-    
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with the GNU Hurd; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
-    the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */
-    
-    subsystem data 45000;
-    
-    #include <hurd/hurd_types.defs>
-    
-    #ifdef STACK_IMPORTS
-    STACK_IMPORTS
-    #endif
-    
-    /* intr-rpc.defs defines the INTR_INTERFACE macro to make the generated RPC
-    stubs send-interruptible, and to prefix them with `hurd_intr_rpc_'. */
-    INTR_INTERFACE
-    
-    /* set integer value to data */
-    routine data_set_value (
-    	data_port: mach_port_t;
-    	value: int);
-    
-    /* get integer value from data */
-    routine data_get_value (
-    	data_port: mach_port_t;
-    	out value: int);
-
-data-user.c:
-------------
-
-    #include <stdio.h>
-    #include <hurd.h>
-    #include <hurd/hurd_types.h>
-    #include "data.h"
-    
-    #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-      #define _GNU_SOURCE
-    #endif
-    
-    int
-    main(int argc, char *argv[])
-    {
-      int value=0;
-      mach_port_t data_server_port;
-    
-      data_server_port = file_name_lookup ("/tmp/trans", 0, 0);
-      printf ("data_server_port [%u]\n", data_server_port);
-      S_data_set_value (data_server_port, 99);
-      S_data_get_value (data_server_port, &value);
-      printf ("data->get_value: [%d]\n", value);
-      
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-data-server.c:
---------------
-
-    #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-      #define _GNU_SOURCE
-    #endif
-    
-    #include <stdio.h>
-    #include <getopt.h>
-    #include <errno.h>
-    #include <sys/stat.h>
-    #include <error.h>
-    
-    #include <hurd/ports.h>
-    #include <hurd/hurd_types.h>
-    #include <hurd/trivfs.h>
-    
-    #include "data.h"
-    
-    extern boolean_t S_data_server
-    (mach_msg_header_t *InHeadP, mach_msg_header_t *OutHeadP);
-    
-    int trivfs_fstype = FSTYPE_MISC;
-    int trivfs_fsid = 0;
-    int trivfs_support_read = 0;
-    int trivfs_support_write = 0;
-    int trivfs_support_exec = 0;
-    int trivfs_allow_open = 0x00;
-    int trivfs_protid_nportclasses = 0;
-    int trivfs_cntl_nportclasses = 0;
-    
-    int data_value;
-    
-    int demuxer (mach_msg_header_t *inp, mach_msg_header_t *outp)
-    {
-      return (S_data_server(inp,outp)||trivfs_demuxer(inp,outp));
-    }
-    
-    void trivfs_modify_stat (struct trivfs_protid *cred, io_statbuf_t  *st)
-    {
-    }
-    error_t trivfs_goaway (struct trivfs_control *fsys, int flags)
-    {
-      exit (0);
-    }
-    
-    kern_return_t S_data_set_value (mach_port_t data_port, int value)
-    {
-      data_value = value;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    
-    kern_return_t S_data_get_value (mach_port_t data_port, int *value)
-    {
-      *value = data_value;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    
-    int
-    main(int argc, char *argv[])
-    {
-      int err;
-      mach_port_t bootstrap;
-      struct trivfs_control *fsys;
-    
-      if (argc > 1)
-        {
-          fprintf(stderr, "Usage: settrans [opts] node %s\n", program_invocation_name); 
-          exit (1);
-        }
-    
-      task_get_bootstrap_port (mach_task_self (), &bootstrap);
-      if (bootstrap == MACH_PORT_NULL)
-        error(2, 0, "Must be started as a translator");
-    
-      /* Reply to our parent */
-      err = trivfs_startup (bootstrap, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,&fsys);
-      mach_port_deallocate (mach_task_self (), bootstrap);
-      if (err) {
-        return (0);
-      }
-    
-      ports_manage_port_operations_one_thread (fsys->pi.bucket, demuxer, 0);
-    
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-Makefile:
----------
-
-    CC = gcc
-    MIG = mig
-    CFLAGS = -Wall -g  -D_GNU_SOURCE
-    LDFLAGS = -lthreads -lports -ltrivfs -lfshelp -lshouldbeinlibc
-    INCLUDES = -I.
-    LCHDRS = 
-    MIGCOMSFLAGS = -prefix S_
-    OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
-    TAGS = etags.emacs21
-    
-    all: data-server data-user
-    tags:
-    	$(TAGS) $(SRCS) $(LCHDRS)
-    
-    stubs: data.defs
-    	$(MIG) $(MIGCOMSFLAGS) -server dataServer.c -user dataUser.c $^
-    data-server: data-server.c dataServer.c 
-    	$(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
-    data-user: data-user.c dataUser.c
-    	$(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $@
-    clean:
-    	rm -f *.o data-server data-user
-    
-    start: data-server data-user
-    	settrans -ac /tmp/trans data-server
-    	ps -x | grep data-server
-    end:
-    	settrans -fg /tmp/trans
-
-Building
---------
-
-Do
-
-    make stubs
-
-to create the dataUser.c and dataServer.c files generated by mig.  Create the
-executables using:
-
-    make all
-
-Testing
--------
-
-Start the data-server translator using:
-
-    settrans -ac /tmp/trans data-server
-
-You can check if it is running using
-
-    ps -x | grep data-server
-
-Run the data-user executable to get the resultant output.
-
-You can remove the translator using:
-
-    settrans -fg /tmp/trans
-
-To remove the built files use:
-
-    make clean
-
-Happy Hacking!
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 21e5bc713b8ecefae137463fb04bbbda97ab0a09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 19:42:11 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                |  1 -
 hurd/translator.mdwn       |  3 ++-
 hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 setupcvsfs.mdwn            | 50 ----------------------------------------------
 4 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 setupcvsfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 7d893c68..95f77eb9 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * [[QemuNetworkForHurd]] Setting up Hurd Networking on Qemu
    * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
    * [[QemuFileSharingWithHost]] File sharing between GNU on Qemu and the Host OS
-   * [[Setupcvsfs]]Setting up cvsfs from HurdExtras
    * [[hurd/translator/writing/Example]] about how to write a simple Hurd
      translator
    * [[hurd/libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 202f6ff1..80cbd5da 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ Also there is an [[writing/example]] about how to write a simple translator.
 
 * [[random]]
 * [[emailfs]] -- email as a filesystem
+* [[cvsfs]]
 * ...
 
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ Also there is an [[writing/example]] about how to write a simple translator.
    * The advantage is any save to the spreadsheet will update the report.. not just from one software.
 
 * SVN  (Subversion suite) 
-   * like CVS.. /svndir/version/version-no should automatically have subversion  
+   * like [[cvsfs]]. /svndir/version/version-no should automatically have subversion  
    * I think it is nice to write a generalised version control system framework library which will help in writing version control translators and other tools easily.
 
 * Flexi-acls
diff --git a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f72b90e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## Setting up cvsfs on GNU/Hurd - A step by step process
+
+### Description of cvsfs
+
+cvsfs is a virtual ([[libnetfs]] based) filesystem allowing you to mount
+remotely located CVS modules into your local filesystem.  The version
+controlled files will appear to you just like regular ones.  If you just want
+to view one file (or a small bunch) you furthermore save a lot of network
+bandwidth since only these files will be downloaded.  The usual way to do so
+would be to check out the whole tree and deleting it after using.
+
+## Step by Step process in installing cvsfs
+
+Download and prepare the source files from the CVS repositiory and build them.
+
+    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/sources/hurdextras co cvsfs
+    $ cd cvsfs/
+    $ autoreconf -i
+    $ ./configure
+    $ make
+    $ make install
+
+Set up the translator and start grazing.
+
+    $ mkdir -p cvsfs_test
+    $ settrans -a cvsfs_test /hurd/cvsfs cvs.sourceforge.net /cvsroot/projectname modulename
+  
+Example to mount the cvsfs module on hurdextras to a local directory.
+
+    $ mkdir cvs.d
+    $ settrans -ac cvs.d/cvsfs /hurd/cvsfs cvs.savannah.nongnu.org sources/hurdextras cvsfs
+
+Now change to that directory and start using ls, emacs, and whatever you feel
+like.  :-)
+
+Happy Hacking.
+
+
+## References
+
+   * <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/>
+   * <http://cvs.sv.nongnu.org/viewcvs/*checkout*/cvsfs/README?root=hurdextras>
diff --git a/setupcvsfs.mdwn b/setupcvsfs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f72b90e..00000000
--- a/setupcvsfs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Setting up cvsfs on GNU/Hurd - A step by step process
-
-### Description of cvsfs
-
-cvsfs is a virtual ([[libnetfs]] based) filesystem allowing you to mount
-remotely located CVS modules into your local filesystem.  The version
-controlled files will appear to you just like regular ones.  If you just want
-to view one file (or a small bunch) you furthermore save a lot of network
-bandwidth since only these files will be downloaded.  The usual way to do so
-would be to check out the whole tree and deleting it after using.
-
-## Step by Step process in installing cvsfs
-
-Download and prepare the source files from the CVS repositiory and build them.
-
-    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.nongnu.org:/sources/hurdextras co cvsfs
-    $ cd cvsfs/
-    $ autoreconf -i
-    $ ./configure
-    $ make
-    $ make install
-
-Set up the translator and start grazing.
-
-    $ mkdir -p cvsfs_test
-    $ settrans -a cvsfs_test /hurd/cvsfs cvs.sourceforge.net /cvsroot/projectname modulename
-  
-Example to mount the cvsfs module on hurdextras to a local directory.
-
-    $ mkdir cvs.d
-    $ settrans -ac cvs.d/cvsfs /hurd/cvsfs cvs.savannah.nongnu.org sources/hurdextras cvsfs
-
-Now change to that directory and start using ls, emacs, and whatever you feel
-like.  :-)
-
-Happy Hacking.
-
-
-## References
-
-   * <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/>
-   * <http://cvs.sv.nongnu.org/viewcvs/*checkout*/cvsfs/README?root=hurdextras>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e9a9236364ff596839fa2a0cc21b6e60ef69bc2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:15:12 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 buildgnuonqemu.mdwn                   | 95 -----------------------------------
 howtos.mdwn                           |  3 +-
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn                 |  1 +
 hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn | 95 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                |  3 ++
 5 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 buildgnuonqemu.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/buildgnuonqemu.mdwn b/buildgnuonqemu.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c5fb8da3..00000000
--- a/buildgnuonqemu.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
-
-1. Create a hard disk image
-
-        qemu-img create -f qcow <imagename.img> <size>G
-
-2. Use a live CD (better to have a lighter OS like system rescue CD to make the
-    process faster) and the image created to boot.
-
-        qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom -hda <imagename.img> -boot d
-
-3. Once system is booted use a partition editing tool (like fdisk, cfdisk,
-    parted, gparted, qtparted ...) to partition the image.
-
-        cfdisk
-
-    create the necessary partitions (root and swap partitions boot, home ... if
-    required)
-
-4. Create a file syatem for the root partiotion
-
-        mke2fs /dev/hda1
-
-5. Mount the partition 
-
-        mkdir disk
-        mount /dev/hda1 disk
-
-6. Copy the file system from the host machine to the mounted directory (use a
-    compressed file system to make the copying faster)
-
-    Grab the GNU spapshot from ams' site
-    <http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/>
-
-        scp <user>@<host>:<path to the compressed file system> disk
-
-7. Uncompress the files
-
-        cd disk
-        tar -jxvf <compressed filesystem>
-
-8. Unmount the mounted partition
-
-        cd .. 
-        umount disk
-
-9. power off the guest OS.
-
-        poweroff
-
-10. To make the file syatem bootable download a grub floppy image
-
-        <http://hurd.in/pub/Hurd/HurdOnVMware/grub.img>
-
-11. Run qemu to boot into your brand new system 
-
-        qemu -hda <hard disk image.img> -fda grub.img -boot a
-
-Happy Hacking !!
-
-
-Make your new system boot from the hard disk
-
-1. Mount your grub image
-
-        mkdir floppy
-        mount -t ext2 -o loop grub.img floppy
-
-2. Use previous steps 2 and 5 to boot from a liveCD and mount the partition
-
-        cd disk/boot
-        scp -r <user>@<host>:<path to mounted floppy image directory>/boot/grub
-
-3. Poweroff the guest
-
-        poweroff
-
-4. Boot new system using floppy image previous step 11
-
-    use install to hard disk option if you used the above grub image
-
-    or go to grub command line and type
-
-        root (hd0,0)
-        setup (hd0)
-
-    Now you have a bootable system image. Enjoy Maadi !!
diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 95f77eb9..bc3ecf3b 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 ## Collection of brief !HOWTOs 
 
    * [[Setup_a_GNU_System|hurd/running/gnu/setup]] (also known as GNU/Hurd)
-   * [[BuildGNUOnQemu]] Build a bootable qemu image of GNU System, aka build a bootable qemu image
+   * [[hurd/running/gnu/Create_an_image]] of the GNU System, bootable in qemu,
+     for example.
    * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
    * [[HurdOnQemuOnWindows]] Setting up a GNU/Hurd system on Qemu on a Micorsoft Windows machine
    * [[HurdOnVMware]] Setting up Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index e52ac062..322597ec 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Lets clean this up.
 
  * [[Universal_package_manager]]
  * How to [[set_up_GNU|setup]] and archiver for GNU
+ * [[Create_an_image]]
 
 ## <a name="Todo"> Todo </a>
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5fb8da3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
+
+1. Create a hard disk image
+
+        qemu-img create -f qcow <imagename.img> <size>G
+
+2. Use a live CD (better to have a lighter OS like system rescue CD to make the
+    process faster) and the image created to boot.
+
+        qemu -cdrom /dev/cdrom -hda <imagename.img> -boot d
+
+3. Once system is booted use a partition editing tool (like fdisk, cfdisk,
+    parted, gparted, qtparted ...) to partition the image.
+
+        cfdisk
+
+    create the necessary partitions (root and swap partitions boot, home ... if
+    required)
+
+4. Create a file syatem for the root partiotion
+
+        mke2fs /dev/hda1
+
+5. Mount the partition 
+
+        mkdir disk
+        mount /dev/hda1 disk
+
+6. Copy the file system from the host machine to the mounted directory (use a
+    compressed file system to make the copying faster)
+
+    Grab the GNU spapshot from ams' site
+    <http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/>
+
+        scp <user>@<host>:<path to the compressed file system> disk
+
+7. Uncompress the files
+
+        cd disk
+        tar -jxvf <compressed filesystem>
+
+8. Unmount the mounted partition
+
+        cd .. 
+        umount disk
+
+9. power off the guest OS.
+
+        poweroff
+
+10. To make the file syatem bootable download a grub floppy image
+
+        <http://hurd.in/pub/Hurd/HurdOnVMware/grub.img>
+
+11. Run qemu to boot into your brand new system 
+
+        qemu -hda <hard disk image.img> -fda grub.img -boot a
+
+Happy Hacking !!
+
+
+Make your new system boot from the hard disk
+
+1. Mount your grub image
+
+        mkdir floppy
+        mount -t ext2 -o loop grub.img floppy
+
+2. Use previous steps 2 and 5 to boot from a liveCD and mount the partition
+
+        cd disk/boot
+        scp -r <user>@<host>:<path to mounted floppy image directory>/boot/grub
+
+3. Poweroff the guest
+
+        poweroff
+
+4. Boot new system using floppy image previous step 11
+
+    use install to hard disk option if you used the above grub image
+
+    or go to grub command line and type
+
+        root (hd0,0)
+        setup (hd0)
+
+    Now you have a bootable system image. Enjoy Maadi !!
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index f40d71d8..93111e6f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ Now run your image with floppy booting (`-boot a`) and finish the install (`./na
 
 **Important:** Older versions on gnumach needed that the `-M isapc` was passed to qemu. This is not needed anymore.
 
+Also see another text about how to [[gnu/create_an_image]] for the
+[[GNU_system|gnu]].
+
 
 # Mounting Disk Image on Host
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c0dddb7d2db5ded3f85b082c7e1c66a23fb722b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:26:23 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                              |  1 -
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                   |  4 +++
 hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurdonqemuonwindows.mdwn                 | 42 --------------------------------
 4 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurdonqemuonwindows.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index bc3ecf3b..9e8a5d50 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * [[hurd/running/gnu/Create_an_image]] of the GNU System, bootable in qemu,
      for example.
    * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
-   * [[HurdOnQemuOnWindows]] Setting up a GNU/Hurd system on Qemu on a Micorsoft Windows machine
    * [[HurdOnVMware]] Setting up Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware
    * [[QemuNetworkForHurd]] Setting up Hurd Networking on Qemu
    * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 93111e6f..2537f82c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+This page discusses things for Unix systems, there is a separate page for
+[[Microsoft_Windows]] systems.
+
+
 # Readily Available Images
 
 (!) Note that these are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2b2651c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Welcome, This document is for getting you started in a few minutes.
+
+1. Install Qemu for Windows
+
+    The executable can be downloaded from
+    <http://free.oszoo.org/ftp/qemu/win32/release/> Doble click on the
+    installer and follow the instructions.
+
+2. Obtain Qemu image 
+
+    * Debian GNU/Hurd qemu image can be downloaded from
+        <http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/>, but also see the main
+        [[QEMU]] page.
+    * Uncompress the image and rename it to debian-hurd-for-qemu.img (.img is
+        the only thing that matters, you can chose any name) Note: .img is for
+        QEMUMenu.bat, which saves you from remembering the command line options
+        of qemu and helps you change the settings (like chosing different
+        images, allocating RAM for the guest OS ...) interactivly.
+    * Copy this file to the directory where you installed Qemu.
+
+3. Start Qemu
+
+    Double click the QEMUMenu.bat and enter the number to chose between images.
+
+4. Qemu short cuts
+
+    * ctrl alt - to exit grab from qemu, get mouse cursor out from the qemu
+        window
+    * ctrl alt f - full screen
+    * ctrl alt 2 - qemu contrl console, use this to change devices
+        (eg. changing cdrom), send keys to the guest (for example if you want
+        to send ctrl alt del to the guest type "sendkey ctrl-alt-del" ... type
+        "help" for a listing of all the options.
+    * ctrl alt 1 - Hurd login console
diff --git a/hurdonqemuonwindows.mdwn b/hurdonqemuonwindows.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d2b2651c..00000000
--- a/hurdonqemuonwindows.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-Welcome, This document is for getting you started in a few minutes.
-
-1. Install Qemu for Windows
-
-    The executable can be downloaded from
-    <http://free.oszoo.org/ftp/qemu/win32/release/> Doble click on the
-    installer and follow the instructions.
-
-2. Obtain Qemu image 
-
-    * Debian GNU/Hurd qemu image can be downloaded from
-        <http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/>, but also see the main
-        [[QEMU]] page.
-    * Uncompress the image and rename it to debian-hurd-for-qemu.img (.img is
-        the only thing that matters, you can chose any name) Note: .img is for
-        QEMUMenu.bat, which saves you from remembering the command line options
-        of qemu and helps you change the settings (like chosing different
-        images, allocating RAM for the guest OS ...) interactivly.
-    * Copy this file to the directory where you installed Qemu.
-
-3. Start Qemu
-
-    Double click the QEMUMenu.bat and enter the number to chose between images.
-
-4. Qemu short cuts
-
-    * ctrl alt - to exit grab from qemu, get mouse cursor out from the qemu
-        window
-    * ctrl alt f - full screen
-    * ctrl alt 2 - qemu contrl console, use this to change devices
-        (eg. changing cdrom), send keys to the guest (for example if you want
-        to send ctrl alt del to the guest type "sendkey ctrl-alt-del" ... type
-        "help" for a listing of all the options.
-    * ctrl alt 1 - Hurd login console
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d5b5fbf3757ee6da366d9492f4fb708263579e81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:33:27 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                       |  1 -
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn            |  2 ++
 hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 qemunetworkforhurd.mdwn           | 41 ---------------------------------------
 4 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 qemunetworkforhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 9e8a5d50..1654db39 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
      for example.
    * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
    * [[HurdOnVMware]] Setting up Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware
-   * [[QemuNetworkForHurd]] Setting up Hurd Networking on Qemu
    * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
    * [[QemuFileSharingWithHost]] File sharing between GNU on Qemu and the Host OS
    * [[hurd/translator/writing/Example]] about how to write a simple Hurd
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 2537f82c..4c7e20ce 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply i
 
 # Networking in QEMU
 
+Some further notes about [[networking]].
+
 ## Internet Access
 
 If you just want to access the internet from within QEMU, you can setup pfinet for QEMU's user-networking:
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2a34938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## User mode network
+
+This is the default networking option for qemu.  This does not require root
+previleges.  If you have DHCP running it will take the ip as 10.0.2.15
+
+You can setup an ip 10.0.2.*
+Gateway is 10.0.2.2
+Name server is 10.0.2.3
+Netmask is 255.255.255.0
+
+You can setup the pfinet translator with the command
+
+    $ settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
+
+Configure nameserver in /etc/resolve.conf
+
+    nameserver 10.0.2.3
+
+Setup a proxy with the command
+
+    $ export http_proxy="http://<proxy.com>:<port>"
+
+Note: you can add this to your /etc/profile file so that every time you don't
+have to setup this.
+
+If you are using a direct connection to internet install a proxy server on the
+host os and use this.  (I was not able to use it without proxy)
+
+You might be able to do it using iptables, some clues
+<http://sujith-h.livejournal.com/9520.html>
+
+Use scp,ftp... to transfer files (also see
+[[hurd/running/debian/faq#index2h1]]).
diff --git a/qemunetworkforhurd.mdwn b/qemunetworkforhurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index f2a34938..00000000
--- a/qemunetworkforhurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## User mode network
-
-This is the default networking option for qemu.  This does not require root
-previleges.  If you have DHCP running it will take the ip as 10.0.2.15
-
-You can setup an ip 10.0.2.*
-Gateway is 10.0.2.2
-Name server is 10.0.2.3
-Netmask is 255.255.255.0
-
-You can setup the pfinet translator with the command
-
-    $ settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
-
-Configure nameserver in /etc/resolve.conf
-
-    nameserver 10.0.2.3
-
-Setup a proxy with the command
-
-    $ export http_proxy="http://<proxy.com>:<port>"
-
-Note: you can add this to your /etc/profile file so that every time you don't
-have to setup this.
-
-If you are using a direct connection to internet install a proxy server on the
-host os and use this.  (I was not able to use it without proxy)
-
-You might be able to do it using iptables, some clues
-<http://sujith-h.livejournal.com/9520.html>
-
-Use scp,ftp... to transfer files (also see
-[[hurd/running/debian/faq#index2h1]]).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fb22695540e6c45e21d4b4e9d0575d4edceabe23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:44:35 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn                                     |  1 -
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                          |  3 ++-
 hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn               |  2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 qemufilesharingwithhost.mdwn                    | 36 -------------------------
 5 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 qemufilesharingwithhost.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index 1654db39..bfde26c1 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
    * [[HurdOnVMware]] Setting up Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware
    * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
-   * [[QemuFileSharingWithHost]] File sharing between GNU on Qemu and the Host OS
    * [[hurd/translator/writing/Example]] about how to write a simple Hurd
      translator
    * [[hurd/libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 4c7e20ce..efb72e01 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply i
 
 # Networking in QEMU
 
-Some further notes about [[networking]].
+Some further notes about [[networking]] and home hints about
+[[networking/sharing_files]].
 
 ## Internet Access
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
index f2a34938..fc950118 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ You might be able to do it using iptables, some clues
 <http://sujith-h.livejournal.com/9520.html>
 
 Use scp,ftp... to transfer files (also see
-[[hurd/running/debian/faq#index2h1]]).
+[[hurd/running/debian/faq#index2h1]]), read about [[sharing_files]].
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f897bb68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# SCP
+
+Setup OpenSSH server on host system. 
+
+* Copying files from Guest to Host
+
+        $ scp <file> <user>@<host>:
+
+* Copying files from Host to Guest.
+
+        $ scp <user>@<host>:<file>
+
+Use scp -r for copying directories.
+
+
+# FTP
+
+Setup ftp server (like proftpd) on the host.
+
+* Use ftp client from GNU inetutils
+
+        $ ftp <host>
+
+    Use mget to copy files from host and mput to copy files to the host.
+
+* The GNU way - setup an ftp translator
+
+        $ settrans -ac ftp/<host> /hurd/ftpfs <username>:<password>@<host>:<path>
diff --git a/qemufilesharingwithhost.mdwn b/qemufilesharingwithhost.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index f897bb68..00000000
--- a/qemufilesharingwithhost.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-# SCP
-
-Setup OpenSSH server on host system. 
-
-* Copying files from Guest to Host
-
-        $ scp <file> <user>@<host>:
-
-* Copying files from Host to Guest.
-
-        $ scp <user>@<host>:<file>
-
-Use scp -r for copying directories.
-
-
-# FTP
-
-Setup ftp server (like proftpd) on the host.
-
-* Use ftp client from GNU inetutils
-
-        $ ftp <host>
-
-    Use mget to copy files from host and mput to copy files to the host.
-
-* The GNU way - setup an ftp translator
-
-        $ settrans -ac ftp/<host> /hurd/ftpfs <username>:<password>@<host>:<path>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f5b6eb494a22b1c43f6a5e8e062d22fdabc6ad2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:51:42 +0100
Subject: Move to a suitable place.

---
 howtos.mdwn              |  1 -
 hurd/running.mdwn        |  1 +
 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurdonvmware.mdwn        | 75 ------------------------------------------------
 4 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurdonvmware.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
index bfde26c1..cada40f4 100644
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ b/howtos.mdwn
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
    * [[hurd/running/gnu/Create_an_image]] of the GNU System, bootable in qemu,
      for example.
    * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
-   * [[HurdOnVMware]] Setting up Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware
    * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
    * [[hurd/translator/writing/Example]] about how to write a simple Hurd
      translator
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 28b9b241..188448b3 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
 * [[LiveCD]] - Live CDs
 * [[QEMU]] - In QEMU
+* [[vmware]] (**non-free!**)
 * [[FlashHurd]] - From a flash stick
 
 * [[Public_hurd_boxen]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30c84560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## Installation  
+
+Use <http://www.easyvmx.com/> web based tool to create vmx configuration files
+which can be used with VMware player (which is a freeware).  If you have a
+VMware workstation or server you don't have to do this step.
+
+Note: I have tried it with K10 version of Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware running on
+a Debian GNU/Linux machine.
+
+You can get more information about obtaining Debain GNU/Hurd CDROMS from
+<http://www.us.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd>.
+
+Insert the first cdrom and proceed with the installation as per the
+installation guide <http://www.us.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install>.
+
+## VMware specific notes:
+
+You will need a grub floppy image to boot GNU/Hurd.  I have attached a copy of
+it with this document. You can also download it from here
+<http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/grub.img>.
+
+When you reboot the machine after the base tar ball is extracted (first reboot)
+press 'Esc' key while VMware start up and set removable devices as the fisrt
+boot device.
+
+Select "GNU (Also known as GNU/Hurd)" ie, the first option and press 'e' to
+edit the grub menu and go to second line and press 'e' again to change
+/boot/gnumach to /boot/gnumach.gz.
+
+Add a link to /boot/gnumach from /boot/gnumach.gz so that you don't have to
+edit grub every time you boot.
+
+    # ln -s /boot/gnumach.gz /boot/gnumach
+
+Or mount the floppy image and change it.
+
+    # mkdir /media/floppy
+    # mount -o loop <path-to-grub.img> /media/floppy
+
+Edit /media/floppy/boot/grub/menu.lst with your favorite text editor and change
+/boot/gnumach to /boot/gnumach.gz.
+
+> I find that this is all quite quick to try and that I can run through the
+> ./native-install and reboot cycle twice OK.  However, at that point the
+> installed Hurd boots up but fails to display a login prompt.  This is the
+> case for both K10 and K14 using VMware Workstation 5.0.0 under Windows XP.
+> Maybe I'm doing something wrong but it is hard to see what.  I'd be
+> interested to know more precisely what other people find does work.
+> --IanMiller - 01 Apr 2007
+
+## After install tweaks
+
+Start using GNU, here is
+<http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html>.
+
+You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms
+
+    #!/bin/sh
+    # Filename: /usr/bin/umount
+    
+    settrans -fg "$@"
+
+Give executable permission to the script
+
+    # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
+
+In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
diff --git a/hurdonvmware.mdwn b/hurdonvmware.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 30c84560..00000000
--- a/hurdonvmware.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Installation  
-
-Use <http://www.easyvmx.com/> web based tool to create vmx configuration files
-which can be used with VMware player (which is a freeware).  If you have a
-VMware workstation or server you don't have to do this step.
-
-Note: I have tried it with K10 version of Debian GNU/Hurd on VMware running on
-a Debian GNU/Linux machine.
-
-You can get more information about obtaining Debain GNU/Hurd CDROMS from
-<http://www.us.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd>.
-
-Insert the first cdrom and proceed with the installation as per the
-installation guide <http://www.us.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install>.
-
-## VMware specific notes:
-
-You will need a grub floppy image to boot GNU/Hurd.  I have attached a copy of
-it with this document. You can also download it from here
-<http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/grub.img>.
-
-When you reboot the machine after the base tar ball is extracted (first reboot)
-press 'Esc' key while VMware start up and set removable devices as the fisrt
-boot device.
-
-Select "GNU (Also known as GNU/Hurd)" ie, the first option and press 'e' to
-edit the grub menu and go to second line and press 'e' again to change
-/boot/gnumach to /boot/gnumach.gz.
-
-Add a link to /boot/gnumach from /boot/gnumach.gz so that you don't have to
-edit grub every time you boot.
-
-    # ln -s /boot/gnumach.gz /boot/gnumach
-
-Or mount the floppy image and change it.
-
-    # mkdir /media/floppy
-    # mount -o loop <path-to-grub.img> /media/floppy
-
-Edit /media/floppy/boot/grub/menu.lst with your favorite text editor and change
-/boot/gnumach to /boot/gnumach.gz.
-
-> I find that this is all quite quick to try and that I can run through the
-> ./native-install and reboot cycle twice OK.  However, at that point the
-> installed Hurd boots up but fails to display a login prompt.  This is the
-> case for both K10 and K14 using VMware Workstation 5.0.0 under Windows XP.
-> Maybe I'm doing something wrong but it is hard to see what.  I'd be
-> interested to know more precisely what other people find does work.
-> --IanMiller - 01 Apr 2007
-
-## After install tweaks
-
-Start using GNU, here is
-<http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html>.
-
-You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms
-
-    #!/bin/sh
-    # Filename: /usr/bin/umount
-    
-    settrans -fg "$@"
-
-Give executable permission to the script
-
-    # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
-
-In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1ef5e07283ef81704e3b254adc0cd81ed768a172 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:54:33 +0100
Subject: Break out discussion.

---
 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn            |  8 --------
 hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
index 30c84560..fa00394f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
@@ -48,14 +48,6 @@ Or mount the floppy image and change it.
 Edit /media/floppy/boot/grub/menu.lst with your favorite text editor and change
 /boot/gnumach to /boot/gnumach.gz.
 
-> I find that this is all quite quick to try and that I can run through the
-> ./native-install and reboot cycle twice OK.  However, at that point the
-> installed Hurd boots up but fails to display a login prompt.  This is the
-> case for both K10 and K14 using VMware Workstation 5.0.0 under Windows XP.
-> Maybe I'm doing something wrong but it is hard to see what.  I'd be
-> interested to know more precisely what other people find does work.
-> --IanMiller - 01 Apr 2007
-
 ## After install tweaks
 
 Start using GNU, here is
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fc4d673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+I find that this is all quite quick to try and that I can run through the
+./native-install and reboot cycle twice OK.  However, at that point the
+installed Hurd boots up but fails to display a login prompt.  This is the case
+for both K10 and K14 using VMware Workstation 5.0.0 under Windows XP.  Maybe
+I'm doing something wrong but it is hard to see what.  I'd be interested to
+know more precisely what other people find does work.
+
+--IanMiller - 01 Apr 2007
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 653a917a9bfab3842c28b301f98913d13588ad94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:57:42 +0100
Subject: Move out Debian-specific bits.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn                | 13 -------------
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7e4fdd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Someone should check and incorporate the following:
+
+> You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount
+> cdroms
+> 
+>     #!/bin/sh
+>     # Filename: /usr/bin/umount
+>     
+>     settrans -fg "$@"
+> 
+> Give executable permission to the script
+> 
+>     # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
+> 
+> In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
index fa00394f..25d90a13 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
@@ -52,16 +52,3 @@ Edit /media/floppy/boot/grub/menu.lst with your favorite text editor and change
 
 Start using GNU, here is
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html>.
-
-You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms
-
-    #!/bin/sh
-    # Filename: /usr/bin/umount
-    
-    settrans -fg "$@"
-
-Give executable permission to the script
-
-    # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
-
-In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6bc5ead2ba235f4746d58086525d07636466e131 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 21:04:51 +0100
Subject: Remove [[howtos]] after having integrated the few link that were not
 yet referenced from other pages.

---
 howtos.mdwn            | 24 ------------------------
 hurd.mdwn              |  2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn |  3 +++
 hurd/translator.mdwn   |  2 ++
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 howtos.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howtos.mdwn b/howtos.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index cada40f4..00000000
--- a/howtos.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## Collection of brief !HOWTOs 
-
-   * [[Setup_a_GNU_System|hurd/running/gnu/setup]] (also known as GNU/Hurd)
-   * [[hurd/running/gnu/Create_an_image]] of the GNU System, bootable in qemu,
-     for example.
-   * <http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html> GNU/Hurd on qemu (external link)
-   * Setting up translators -- [[some_examples|hurd/translator/examples]] 
-   * [[hurd/translator/writing/Example]] about how to write a simple Hurd
-     translator
-   * [[hurd/libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
-
-## Compilation
-
-   * An [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example]] about the compilation of
-     GNU Mach from sources
-   * An [[hurd/building/example]] about the compilation of Hurd sources
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index dcb66426..4ef1f013 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
   * [[Critique]] - Analysis
   * [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]]
 * [[Concepts]]
-* [[Howtos]]
 * Other resources
   * [Docs at gnu.org](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html)
 
@@ -60,6 +59,7 @@
 * Libraries
   * [[libpager]]
   * [[libstore]]
+  * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [[HurdSpecificGlibcApi]]: Functions in GLIBC for the Hurd.
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index efb72e01..971074bf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ system after installation.
 
 [[Image_for_L4]] -- a QEMU image for the Hurd/L4 project.
 
+<http://eyeside.net/hurd/Hurd-on-QEMU.html>
+
 
 # TODO
 
@@ -153,3 +155,4 @@ system after installation.
     <tschwinge> Yes.
 
 The problem is actually that the linux block cache doesn't make any consistency between /dev/hda and /dev/hda6, so if you give /dev/hda to qemu, qemu writings won't be consistent with mounting /dev/hda6 in linux. You can give /dev/hda6 directly to qemu and it will be fine.
+
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 80cbd5da..6bfa308e 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
 
 Also there is an [[writing/example]] about how to write a simple translator.
 
+See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
+
 
 # Existing Translators
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f0e1df51fa698e51779c442b17943f9328891c02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 05:10:12 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: adjusted link

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 6bfa308e..3e7230b3 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * Mozilla Bookmarks = del.ici.ous
    * Need more explanation ? ;-)
 
-* http://hnb.sf.net
+* <http://hnb.sf.net>
    * having a directory structure for a file can allow to "svn commit"  the hnb document in a more "node-safe" manner, thus allowing multiple people to work on the same hnb document.
    * This must be fairly easy as HNB can already export to XML and XMLfs already exists.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bd7b61232a908a2aec37a0a14fe6424b61a436af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 07:02:08 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: Need an option to upload files to the
 wiki

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34561321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+* What happens if the external link goes down? Is there any way to store files 
+within the wiki itself? --[[vincentvikram]]
\ No newline at end of file
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 616ae11853fc353217dcde42f39f30d17d35e8d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2007 11:58:46 +0100
Subject: Answer.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
index 34561321..14852827 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
@@ -6,5 +6,19 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-* What happens if the external link goes down? Is there any way to store files 
-within the wiki itself? --[[vincentvikram]]
\ No newline at end of file
+What happens if the external link goes down? Is there any way to store files
+within the wiki itself? --[[vincentvikram]]
+
+> You can store files in the wiki if you have direct access to the Git
+> repository.
+
+> I'm not sure I'd like arbitrary people to be able to store files in the wiki,
+> as that might be abused easily and once a file is stored in the Git
+> repository, there's no clean way to get rid of it anymore.  Of course, there
+> are valid cases for adding raw files, then you can always send me a link and
+> ask me to add that file.
+
+> Now, as for the `cross-gnu` shell script, as I said: it will eventually be
+> made part of the Hurd CVS repository.
+
+> --[[tschwinge]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 151addab435499a77dd5d0d4fe13e4ab10ed60dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2007 01:51:31 +0100
Subject: Suggest supported versions.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 111 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 111 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index fd2479b5..8c8d0625 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ For now, find the shell scripts at
 <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
 <http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
 
+
+## Using
+
 Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
 
 /!\ Be made aware that -- while it is of course possible to build a working
@@ -27,6 +30,114 @@ definitely needed for the glibc, Hurd and GCC source packages, as there are a
 bunch of outstanding patches that are needed for getting a functional build.
 
 
+### Supported Versions of Source Packages
+
+The following ones are known to work.  Others may work as well, but no
+guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
+
+* `src/binutils`: [GNU Binutils](http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/)
+
+    * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
+                co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils
+            $ mv src binutils-2_18-branch
+
+    * The 2.18 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
+        also be fine, as should be all other recent releases.
+
+* `src/gcc`: [GNU Compiler Collection](http://gcc.gnu.org/)
+
+    * SVN `gcc-4_1-branch`
+
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch
+
+    * Recent releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+        should also be fine.
+
+    Support for the 4.2 series (`gcc-4_2-branch`) and the upcoming 4.3 series
+    (`trunk`) is being worked on.
+
+<!--
+
+    * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch` plus patches.
+
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_2-branch
+
+        TODO.  patches: libiberty (?!), config.
+
+    For building recent version of GCC (e.g., the upcoming 4.3) you'll need to
+    have development packages of GMP and MPFR (for the *build* system)
+    installed.
+
+-->
+
+* `src/gnumach`: [GNU Mach](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
+
+    * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd \
+                co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+            $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
+
+* `src/mig`: [GNU Mach Interface Generator](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
+
+    * CVS `HEAD`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
+
+* `src/hurd`: [GNU Hurd](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
+
+    * CVS `HEAD`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
+
+* `src/glibc`: [GNU C Library](http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/)
+
+    * CVS `glibc-2_7-branch`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc \
+                co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc
+            $ mv libc glibc-2_7-branch
+
+        * TODO.  Patches.
+
+    * Recent releases of the 2.7 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>
+        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
+        `glibc-2_7-branch` needs.
+
+<!--
+
+    * CVS `HEAD`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc \
+                co glibc
+            $ mv libc glibc-HEAD
+
+        * TODO.
+            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00026.html>
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+
+* `src/gdb`: [GNU Debugger](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/)
+
+    This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
+
+    * CVS `gdb_6_6-branch`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
+                co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
+            $ mv src gdb_6_6-branch
+
+        Also needs some patch because of MIG changes, if I remember correctly.
+
+    * Recent tarballs from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/> should also work.
+
+-->
+
+
 # References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0236ca1a672dc742a04f02b86aa06b4187a6c6f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2007 11:27:24 +0100
Subject: Make general GDB bits a top-level page.

---
 gdb/backtrace.mdwn                | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn           |  8 +-------
 hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn | 27 ---------------------------
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gdb/backtrace.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8825d3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+When someone asks you to supply a backtrace (from a [[segmentation_fault]], for
+example), here is roughly what you have to do.
+
+Run the faulting program like this:
+
+    $ gdb --args PROGRAM [ARGUMENTS]
+    [...]
+    (gdb) run
+    [...]
+    [Segmentation fault.]
+    (gdb) bt
+    [...]
+
+(!) This will only provide useful information if the executable (and additional
+libraries) contain debugging symbols, or those are available separartely.
+
+If you're one a [[Debian_GNU/Hurd_system|hurd/running/debian]], you'll have
+to have the *hurd-dbg* package installed for debugging Hurd stuff, and perhaps
+*libc0.3-dbg* as well if it's inside the glibc.
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index f01a5461..ea5ef857 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -6,14 +6,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) works on GNU/Hurd
+The [[GNU_debugger_*GDB*|/gdb]] works on GNU/Hurd
 systems as it does on other system, but has some additional [hurd-specific
 features](http://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb_19.html#Hurd%20Native)
 to offer, such as [[noninvasive_debugging]] (for avoiding [[deadlock]]s), for
 example.
-
-* [[Backtrace]]s
-
-* [Manual](http://sourceware.org/gdb/documentation/)
-
-* [When disassemble doesn't work](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-02/msg00039.html)
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 158031c4..00000000
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-When someone asks you to supply a backtrace (from a [[segmentation_fault]], for
-example), here is roughly what you have to do.
-
-Run the faulting program like this:
-
-    $ gdb --args PROGRAM [ARGUMENTS]
-    [...]
-    (gdb) run
-    [...]
-    [Segmentation fault.]
-    (gdb) bt
-    [...]
-
-(!) This will only provide useful information if the executable (and additional
-libraries) contain debugging symbols, or those are available separartely.
-
-If you're one a [[Debian_GNU/Hurd_system|running/distrib/debian]], you'll have
-to have the *hurd-dbg* package installed for debugging Hurd stuff, and perhaps
-*libc0.3-dbg* as well if it's inside the glibc.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 17da10f31c338a48c6b14b98fe21cdb80d823528 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2007 11:27:47 +0100
Subject: Add wikilinks.

---
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index 18355c8c..b6beb9c5 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a system server can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
+Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a [[system_server|translator]] can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
 can however still use GDB by using the [`set
 noninvasive`](http://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb_19.html#Hurd%20Native)
 option.  This indicates to GDB to not stop the program but allows you to
-nevertheless examine its state.  Thus, you can get back traces and value of
+nevertheless examine its state.  Thus, you can get [[/gdb/backtrace]]s and values of
 variables (and watch them change underneath you).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 00bd920b9bc1b4a47433412d63824cfd1b9087eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2007 19:00:06 +0100
Subject: Add all existing documentation.  Also extend it.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 8c8d0625..edde4400 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -18,16 +18,12 @@ For now, find the shell scripts at
 
 ## Using
 
-Read through it.  Understand it.  Then use it.
+Read through it.  Understand it.  Only then use it by following the next steps.
 
 /!\ Be made aware that -- while it is of course possible to build a working
-cross-compiler -- this is not trivial to do.  You'll have to patch several of
-the source packages.  See the corresponding Debian unstable source packages
-about which Hurd-specific patches exist and check which of them are not yet in
-the upstream source packages.  Not all of the patches from the Debian packages
-are needed for getting a functional tool chain, though.  Applying patches is
-definitely needed for the glibc, Hurd and GCC source packages, as there are a
-bunch of outstanding patches that are needed for getting a functional build.
+cross-compiler -- this is not trivial to do.  You'll have to patch source
+packages.  See the following list about needed patches, which have not yet been
+installed in the upstream repositories.
 
 
 ### Supported Versions of Source Packages
@@ -66,10 +62,6 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
         TODO.  patches: libiberty (?!), config.
 
-    For building recent version of GCC (e.g., the upcoming 4.3) you'll need to
-    have development packages of GMP and MPFR (for the *build* system)
-    installed.
-
 -->
 
 * `src/gnumach`: [GNU Mach](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
@@ -138,6 +130,77 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 -->
 
 
+### Preparation
+
+Unpack the tarballs if you downloaded any.
+
+Create a directory where the cross build shall be rooted in and a `src`
+subdirectory in there.  Then create symbolic links for every of the above
+packages: from `src/PACKAGE` to where you stored or unpacked it.  If you don't
+intend to build several cross compilers or use the source trees otherwise, you
+can also directly store the source trees in `src/`.  The source trees can be
+shared between multiple cross build trees since the packages' build systems are
+supposed not to modify the files in the source trees.  Not all packages adhere
+to that, but they fail to do so only for pre-processed documentation, etc.
+
+Either make sure that `cross-gnu-env` and `cross-gnu` are found in `$PATH`
+(`~/bin/`, for example) or alternatively remember to use their full paths in
+the following.
+
+The system you're running the script on (the *build* system) needs to have a
+basic compiling environment installed, i.e., a C compiler with the basic
+libraries and `make`.  You might also need `flex` and `bison`.  For building
+recent version of GCC (e.g., the upcoming 4.3, which is not yet supported)
+you'll need to have development packages of GMP and MPFR installed.
+
+
+### Setting Up the Environment
+
+Do this every time you intend to use the cross compiler:
+
+    $ ROOT=to/the/cross/build/root
+    $ . cross-gnu-env
+
+This will set several environment variables, which are later used by (a) the
+`cross-gnu` script and (b) by you, the user of the cross compiler.  `$TARGET`
+will be set by the script, `$PATH` will be adjusted, etc.  See the
+`cross-gnu-env` file for all environment variables that are set, as well as
+their default values.  `$ROOT` will be made an absolute path if it isn't
+already.
+
+Later, you'll be able to do things like `../configure --host="$TARGET"` and the
+cross compiler will be found automatically.
+
+
+### Creating the Cross Build Environment
+
+After setting up the environemt, just run `cross-gnu` and watch the messages
+flow by.  In the end you should see a message: *[...]/cross-gnu: Everything
+should be in place now.*
+
+
+### Staying Up-To-Date
+
+You can re-run `cross-gnu` to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
+changed since the last run.  This will save a lot of time compared to starting
+from scratch again.  Also, it is especially useful if you aren't working with
+unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's branches or want to quickly get a new tool
+chain with patches you applied to the source trees.  However: do *not* use this
+technique when doing major changes to the source trees, like switching from GCC
+4.0 to GCC 4.1.
+
+
+#### Comment
+
+Unfortunately the GNU Automake build system (which is used by GNU Mach's
+`gnumach-1-branch`) will overwrite installed files (header files in this case
+here), even if they didn't change.  And because all packages' build systems are
+using dependency tracking, a lot of files will be rebuilt each time `cross-gnu`
+is re-run, even if the files themselves didn't change.  Talk to [[tschwinge]]
+if you want to work on fixing that -- it is already clear what needs to be
+done, it just hasn't been done yet.
+
+
 # References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9dafdc1ebb6149a4cdda93129ef2a33f4ce39a84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2007 19:09:53 +0100
Subject: Link to wiki (stub and real) pages instead of external pages.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index edde4400..bfe07ca6 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ installed in the upstream repositories.
 The following ones are known to work.  Others may work as well, but no
 guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
-* `src/binutils`: [GNU Binutils](http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/)
+* `src/binutils`: [[GNU_Binutils|binutils]]
 
     * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
     * The 2.18 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
         also be fine, as should be all other recent releases.
 
-* `src/gcc`: [GNU Compiler Collection](http://gcc.gnu.org/)
+* `src/gcc`: [[GNU_Compiler_Collection|gcc]]
 
     * SVN `gcc-4_1-branch`
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
 -->
 
-* `src/gnumach`: [GNU Mach](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
+* `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
     * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
 
@@ -72,19 +72,19 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
                 co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
             $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
 
-* `src/mig`: [GNU Mach Interface Generator](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
+* `src/mig`: [[GNU_Mach_Interface_Generator|microkernel/mach/mig]]
 
     * CVS `HEAD`
 
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
 
-* `src/hurd`: [GNU Hurd](http://hurd.gnu.org/)
+* `src/hurd`: [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]]
 
     * CVS `HEAD`
 
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
 
-* `src/glibc`: [GNU C Library](http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/)
+* `src/glibc`: [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]]
 
     * CVS `glibc-2_7-branch`
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
 <!--
 
-* `src/gdb`: [GNU Debugger](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/)
+* `src/gdb`: [[GNU_Debugger|gdb]]
 
     This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 63b5a547f893d69c1e9485330bb9a3faad9c05db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 17 Nov 2007 01:02:59 +0100
Subject: Link to the glibc patches.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index bfe07ca6..97eb40c1 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
                 co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc
             $ mv libc glibc-2_7-branch
 
-        * TODO.  Patches.
+        * Patches:
+            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00030.html>
 
     * Recent releases of the 2.7 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>
         should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0ffbb2417509c25d8d64dd73215cad26de3dbb0c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 17 Nov 2007 14:59:05 +0100
Subject: GCC 4.2 works with patching.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 97eb40c1..c353fc4e 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -51,18 +51,18 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
     * Recent releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
         should also be fine.
 
-    Support for the 4.2 series (`gcc-4_2-branch`) and the upcoming 4.3 series
-    (`trunk`) is being worked on.
-
-<!--
-
-    * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch` plus patches.
+    * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch`
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_2-branch
 
-        TODO.  patches: libiberty (?!), config.
+        * Patches:
+            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
 
--->
+    * Recent releases of the 4.2 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
+        `gcc-4_2-branch` needs.
+
+    Support for the upcoming 4.3 series (`trunk`) is being worked on.
 
 * `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b70ce03abc597336f5ab4beb9922a1b3991276ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 18 Nov 2007 22:48:18 +0100
Subject: Enhance binutils CVS checkout instructions.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index c353fc4e..c30e79ca 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -35,9 +35,13 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
     * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
 
+            $ mkdir binutils-2_18-branch
+            $ cd binutils-2_18-branch
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
                 co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils
-            $ mv src binutils-2_18-branch
+
+        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_18-branch/src/`.  Also use these
+        commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
 
     * The 2.18 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
         also be fine, as should be all other recent releases.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1869507b795bd5a52a6b63258f0d266a292fbfbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 18 Nov 2007 23:41:15 +0100
Subject: Tell how to prepare the source trees for GNU Mach and GNU MIG.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index c30e79ca..08b1656a 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -76,12 +76,20 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
                 co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
             $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
 
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd gnumach-1-branch/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+
 * `src/mig`: [[GNU_Mach_Interface_Generator|microkernel/mach/mig]]
 
     * CVS `HEAD`
 
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
 
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+
 * `src/hurd`: [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]]
 
     * CVS `HEAD`
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2566dc6e8e741b0b19e00c8e2839809329031c0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 20 Nov 2007 13:54:42 +0100
Subject: How to prepare the GCC SVN checkouts.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 08b1656a..af22d8ee 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch
 
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_1-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
     * Recent releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
         should also be fine.
 
@@ -59,6 +63,10 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_2-branch
 
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_2-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
         * Patches:
             <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d0d3fe0cce1b6b925b892a1648682f6cfa0d1b0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2007 15:56:13 +0000
Subject: web commit by shakthimaan: Updated Makefile for building toolchain

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 178 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 178 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index af22d8ee..9a711523 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -200,6 +200,184 @@ flow by.  In the end you should see a message: *[...]/cross-gnu: Everything
 should be in place now.*
 
 
+### Makefile
+
+The following Makefile has been written to automate the above steps. You will require Internet connection and atleast 1.5 GB of hard-disk spaace. Just run:
+
+  make
+
+to build the toolchain. To clean-up, use:
+
+  make clean
+
+<pre>
+# "HurdToolchainMakefile" - a Makefile for setting up Hurd toolchain builds
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007  Shakthi Kannan <shakthi.kannan@qvantel.com>
+# 
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+# version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+# Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+
+## Variables
+TOPDIR=.
+DOWNLOADS=${TOPDIR}/downloads
+ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root
+SRC=${ROOT}/src
+GLIBC_DIR=${SRC}/glibc
+PATCH0_DIR=patch0
+PATCH1_DIR=patch1
+
+## Patches
+PATCH1 = 0003-2007-09-13-H.J.-Lu-hongjiu.lu-intel.com.patch \
+	0005-Hurd-specific-kernel-features.h.patch \
+	0007-2007-10-05-version-of-stat.patch.patch \
+	0008-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-atomic-no-mu.patch \
+	0010-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-gscope.diff.patch \
+	0012-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-no-strerror_.patch \
+	0013-r2626-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls-support.patch \
+	0014-r2591-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls.diff.patch \
+	0015-r2630-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-libc_onc.patch \
+	0016-Include-stdint.h.patch \
+	0017-r2598-of-debian-patches-any-local-stdio-lock.diff.patch \
+	0018-r2650-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-strtoul.patch \
+	0019-2007-11-12-Aurelien-Jarno-aurelien-aurel32.net-Tho.patch \
+	0020-r2656-of-debian-patches-any-submitted-sched_h.diff.patch \
+	0022-2007-11-18-Roland-McGrath-roland-frob.com.patch
+
+PATCH0 = 0009-2007-07-22-version-of-init-first.c_vs._GCC_4.1.patch.patch \
+	0011-2007-02-08-version-of-resolv_res_send.c.patch.patch
+
+all: create_dir get_sources apply_glibc_patches build_all
+
+## Create directories
+create_dir:
+	cd ${TOPDIR}
+	mkdir ${DOWNLOADS}
+	mkdir -p ${SRC}
+
+get_sources: get_cross_gnu get_binutils get_gcc get_gnumach get_mig get_hurd get_glibc
+
+get_cross_gnu:
+	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _ "
+	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |"
+	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |"
+	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|"
+	@ echo "                              |___/             "
+	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
+	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu
+	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _        ___ _ ____   __" 
+	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |_____ / _ \ '_ \ \ / /"
+	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |_____|  __/ | | \ V / " 
+	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|      \___|_| |_|\_/  " 
+	@ echo "                              |___/                                   " 
+	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
+	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env; \
+	chmod +x cross-gnu; \
+	chmod +x cross-gnu-env
+
+get_binutils:
+	@ echo " _     _             _   _ _     "
+	@ echo "| |__ (_)_ __  _   _| |_(_) |___ "
+	@ echo "| '_ \| | '_ \| | | | __| | / __|"
+	@ echo "| |_) | | | | | |_| | |_| | \__ \\"
+	@ echo "|_.__/|_|_| |_|\__,_|\__|_|_|___/"
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils; \
+	mv src binutils
+
+get_gcc:
+	@ echo "  __ _  ___ ___ "
+	@ echo " / _\` |/ __/ __|"
+	@ echo "| (_| | (_| (__ "
+	@ echo " \__, |\___\___|"
+	@ echo " |___/          "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch; \
+	mv gcc-4_1-branch gcc; \
+	( cd gcc/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
+get_gnumach:
+	@ echo "                                        _     "
+	@ echo "  __ _ _ __  _   _ _ __ ___   __ _  ___| |__  "
+	@ echo " / _\` | '_ \| | | | '_ \` _ \ / _\` |/ __| '_ \ "
+	@ echo "| (_| | | | | |_| | | | | | | (_| | (__| | | |"
+	@ echo " \__, |_| |_|\__,_|_| |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_| |_|"
+	@ echo " |___/                                        "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach; \
+	( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+
+get_mig:
+	@ echo "           _       "
+	@ echo " _ __ ___ (_) __ _ "
+	@ echo "| '_ \` _ \| |/ _\` |"
+	@ echo "| | | | | | | (_| |"
+	@ echo "|_| |_| |_|_|\__, |"
+	@ echo "             |___/ "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig; \
+	( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+
+get_hurd:
+	@ echo " _                   _ "
+	@ echo "| |__  _   _ _ __ __| |"
+	@ echo "| '_ \| | | | '__/ _\` |"
+	@ echo "| | | | |_| | | | (_| |"
+	@ echo "|_| |_|\__,_|_|  \__,_|"
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
+
+get_glibc:
+	@ echo "       _ _ _          "
+	@ echo "  __ _| (_) |__   ___ "
+	@ echo " / _\` | | | '_ \ / __|"
+	@ echo "| (_| | | | |_) | (__ "
+	@ echo " \__, |_|_|_.__/ \___|"
+	@ echo " |___/                "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc; \
+	mv libc glibc
+	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR}
+	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR}
+
+get_patch0: $(PATCH0)
+
+get_patch1: $(PATCH1)
+
+$(PATCH1):
+	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@ 
+	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
+	patch -p1 < ${PATCH1_DIR}/$@
+
+$(PATCH0): 
+	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@
+	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
+	patch -p0 < ${PATCH0_DIR}/$@
+
+apply_glibc_patches: get_patch0 get_patch1
+
+build_all:
+	ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root ; \
+	export PATH="$(PATH):$(DOWNLOADS)" ; \
+	echo $$PATH ; \
+	. ${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu-env ; \
+	${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf downloads root *~
+</pre>
+
 ### Staying Up-To-Date
 
 You can re-run `cross-gnu` to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3e4168b8c67c477a0b0d77a0c908630ed647d262 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2007 15:59:58 +0000
Subject: web commit by shakthimaan

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 9a711523..4d4b94d3 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -204,11 +204,15 @@ should be in place now.*
 
 The following Makefile has been written to automate the above steps. You will require Internet connection and atleast 1.5 GB of hard-disk spaace. Just run:
 
+<pre>
   make
+</pre>
 
 to build the toolchain. To clean-up, use:
 
+<pre>
   make clean
+</pre>
 
 <pre>
 # "HurdToolchainMakefile" - a Makefile for setting up Hurd toolchain builds
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9d373d1c0f30422a9bf39b57a9142c91cd59019f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 25 Nov 2007 15:58:48 +0100
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: Stick the `Makefile' into a separate
 file.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn     | 167 ---------------------------------
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile | 165 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 165 insertions(+), 167 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 4d4b94d3..dfbda138 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -214,173 +214,6 @@ to build the toolchain. To clean-up, use:
   make clean
 </pre>
 
-<pre>
-# "HurdToolchainMakefile" - a Makefile for setting up Hurd toolchain builds
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2007  Shakthi Kannan <shakthi.kannan@qvantel.com>
-# 
-# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-# version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
-# Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
-
-## Variables
-TOPDIR=.
-DOWNLOADS=${TOPDIR}/downloads
-ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root
-SRC=${ROOT}/src
-GLIBC_DIR=${SRC}/glibc
-PATCH0_DIR=patch0
-PATCH1_DIR=patch1
-
-## Patches
-PATCH1 = 0003-2007-09-13-H.J.-Lu-hongjiu.lu-intel.com.patch \
-	0005-Hurd-specific-kernel-features.h.patch \
-	0007-2007-10-05-version-of-stat.patch.patch \
-	0008-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-atomic-no-mu.patch \
-	0010-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-gscope.diff.patch \
-	0012-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-no-strerror_.patch \
-	0013-r2626-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls-support.patch \
-	0014-r2591-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls.diff.patch \
-	0015-r2630-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-libc_onc.patch \
-	0016-Include-stdint.h.patch \
-	0017-r2598-of-debian-patches-any-local-stdio-lock.diff.patch \
-	0018-r2650-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-strtoul.patch \
-	0019-2007-11-12-Aurelien-Jarno-aurelien-aurel32.net-Tho.patch \
-	0020-r2656-of-debian-patches-any-submitted-sched_h.diff.patch \
-	0022-2007-11-18-Roland-McGrath-roland-frob.com.patch
-
-PATCH0 = 0009-2007-07-22-version-of-init-first.c_vs._GCC_4.1.patch.patch \
-	0011-2007-02-08-version-of-resolv_res_send.c.patch.patch
-
-all: create_dir get_sources apply_glibc_patches build_all
-
-## Create directories
-create_dir:
-	cd ${TOPDIR}
-	mkdir ${DOWNLOADS}
-	mkdir -p ${SRC}
-
-get_sources: get_cross_gnu get_binutils get_gcc get_gnumach get_mig get_hurd get_glibc
-
-get_cross_gnu:
-	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _ "
-	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |"
-	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |"
-	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|"
-	@ echo "                              |___/             "
-	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
-	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu
-	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _        ___ _ ____   __" 
-	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |_____ / _ \ '_ \ \ / /"
-	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |_____|  __/ | | \ V / " 
-	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|      \___|_| |_|\_/  " 
-	@ echo "                              |___/                                   " 
-	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
-	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env; \
-	chmod +x cross-gnu; \
-	chmod +x cross-gnu-env
-
-get_binutils:
-	@ echo " _     _             _   _ _     "
-	@ echo "| |__ (_)_ __  _   _| |_(_) |___ "
-	@ echo "| '_ \| | '_ \| | | | __| | / __|"
-	@ echo "| |_) | | | | | |_| | |_| | \__ \\"
-	@ echo "|_.__/|_|_| |_|\__,_|\__|_|_|___/"
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils; \
-	mv src binutils
-
-get_gcc:
-	@ echo "  __ _  ___ ___ "
-	@ echo " / _\` |/ __/ __|"
-	@ echo "| (_| | (_| (__ "
-	@ echo " \__, |\___\___|"
-	@ echo " |___/          "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch; \
-	mv gcc-4_1-branch gcc; \
-	( cd gcc/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
-
-get_gnumach:
-	@ echo "                                        _     "
-	@ echo "  __ _ _ __  _   _ _ __ ___   __ _  ___| |__  "
-	@ echo " / _\` | '_ \| | | | '_ \` _ \ / _\` |/ __| '_ \ "
-	@ echo "| (_| | | | | |_| | | | | | | (_| | (__| | | |"
-	@ echo " \__, |_| |_|\__,_|_| |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_| |_|"
-	@ echo " |___/                                        "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach; \
-	( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vfi )
-
-get_mig:
-	@ echo "           _       "
-	@ echo " _ __ ___ (_) __ _ "
-	@ echo "| '_ \` _ \| |/ _\` |"
-	@ echo "| | | | | | | (_| |"
-	@ echo "|_| |_| |_|_|\__, |"
-	@ echo "             |___/ "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig; \
-	( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
-
-get_hurd:
-	@ echo " _                   _ "
-	@ echo "| |__  _   _ _ __ __| |"
-	@ echo "| '_ \| | | | '__/ _\` |"
-	@ echo "| | | | |_| | | | (_| |"
-	@ echo "|_| |_|\__,_|_|  \__,_|"
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
-
-get_glibc:
-	@ echo "       _ _ _          "
-	@ echo "  __ _| (_) |__   ___ "
-	@ echo " / _\` | | | '_ \ / __|"
-	@ echo "| (_| | | | |_) | (__ "
-	@ echo " \__, |_|_|_.__/ \___|"
-	@ echo " |___/                "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc; \
-	mv libc glibc
-	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR}
-	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR}
-
-get_patch0: $(PATCH0)
-
-get_patch1: $(PATCH1)
-
-$(PATCH1):
-	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@ 
-	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
-	patch -p1 < ${PATCH1_DIR}/$@
-
-$(PATCH0): 
-	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@
-	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
-	patch -p0 < ${PATCH0_DIR}/$@
-
-apply_glibc_patches: get_patch0 get_patch1
-
-build_all:
-	ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root ; \
-	export PATH="$(PATH):$(DOWNLOADS)" ; \
-	echo $$PATH ; \
-	. ${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu-env ; \
-	${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu
-
-clean:
-	rm -rf downloads root *~
-</pre>
 
 ### Staying Up-To-Date
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98c1dc1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# "HurdToolchainMakefile" - a Makefile for setting up Hurd toolchain builds
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2007  Shakthi Kannan <shakthi.kannan@qvantel.com>
+# 
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+# version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+# Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+
+## Variables
+TOPDIR=.
+DOWNLOADS=${TOPDIR}/downloads
+ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root
+SRC=${ROOT}/src
+GLIBC_DIR=${SRC}/glibc
+PATCH0_DIR=patch0
+PATCH1_DIR=patch1
+
+## Patches
+PATCH1 = 0003-2007-09-13-H.J.-Lu-hongjiu.lu-intel.com.patch \
+	0005-Hurd-specific-kernel-features.h.patch \
+	0007-2007-10-05-version-of-stat.patch.patch \
+	0008-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-atomic-no-mu.patch \
+	0010-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-gscope.diff.patch \
+	0012-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-no-strerror_.patch \
+	0013-r2626-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls-support.patch \
+	0014-r2591-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls.diff.patch \
+	0015-r2630-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-libc_onc.patch \
+	0016-Include-stdint.h.patch \
+	0017-r2598-of-debian-patches-any-local-stdio-lock.diff.patch \
+	0018-r2650-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-strtoul.patch \
+	0019-2007-11-12-Aurelien-Jarno-aurelien-aurel32.net-Tho.patch \
+	0020-r2656-of-debian-patches-any-submitted-sched_h.diff.patch \
+	0022-2007-11-18-Roland-McGrath-roland-frob.com.patch
+
+PATCH0 = 0009-2007-07-22-version-of-init-first.c_vs._GCC_4.1.patch.patch \
+	0011-2007-02-08-version-of-resolv_res_send.c.patch.patch
+
+all: create_dir get_sources apply_glibc_patches build_all
+
+## Create directories
+create_dir:
+	cd ${TOPDIR}
+	mkdir ${DOWNLOADS}
+	mkdir -p ${SRC}
+
+get_sources: get_cross_gnu get_binutils get_gcc get_gnumach get_mig get_hurd get_glibc
+
+get_cross_gnu:
+	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _ "
+	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |"
+	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |"
+	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|"
+	@ echo "                              |___/             "
+	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
+	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu
+	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _        ___ _ ____   __" 
+	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |_____ / _ \ '_ \ \ / /"
+	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |_____|  __/ | | \ V / " 
+	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|      \___|_| |_|\_/  " 
+	@ echo "                              |___/                                   " 
+	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
+	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env; \
+	chmod +x cross-gnu; \
+	chmod +x cross-gnu-env
+
+get_binutils:
+	@ echo " _     _             _   _ _     "
+	@ echo "| |__ (_)_ __  _   _| |_(_) |___ "
+	@ echo "| '_ \| | '_ \| | | | __| | / __|"
+	@ echo "| |_) | | | | | |_| | |_| | \__ \\"
+	@ echo "|_.__/|_|_| |_|\__,_|\__|_|_|___/"
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils; \
+	mv src binutils
+
+get_gcc:
+	@ echo "  __ _  ___ ___ "
+	@ echo " / _\` |/ __/ __|"
+	@ echo "| (_| | (_| (__ "
+	@ echo " \__, |\___\___|"
+	@ echo " |___/          "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch; \
+	mv gcc-4_1-branch gcc; \
+	( cd gcc/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
+get_gnumach:
+	@ echo "                                        _     "
+	@ echo "  __ _ _ __  _   _ _ __ ___   __ _  ___| |__  "
+	@ echo " / _\` | '_ \| | | | '_ \` _ \ / _\` |/ __| '_ \ "
+	@ echo "| (_| | | | | |_| | | | | | | (_| | (__| | | |"
+	@ echo " \__, |_| |_|\__,_|_| |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_| |_|"
+	@ echo " |___/                                        "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach; \
+	( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+
+get_mig:
+	@ echo "           _       "
+	@ echo " _ __ ___ (_) __ _ "
+	@ echo "| '_ \` _ \| |/ _\` |"
+	@ echo "| | | | | | | (_| |"
+	@ echo "|_| |_| |_|_|\__, |"
+	@ echo "             |___/ "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig; \
+	( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+
+get_hurd:
+	@ echo " _                   _ "
+	@ echo "| |__  _   _ _ __ __| |"
+	@ echo "| '_ \| | | | '__/ _\` |"
+	@ echo "| | | | |_| | | | (_| |"
+	@ echo "|_| |_|\__,_|_|  \__,_|"
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
+
+get_glibc:
+	@ echo "       _ _ _          "
+	@ echo "  __ _| (_) |__   ___ "
+	@ echo " / _\` | | | '_ \ / __|"
+	@ echo "| (_| | | | |_) | (__ "
+	@ echo " \__, |_|_|_.__/ \___|"
+	@ echo " |___/                "
+	cd ${SRC}; \
+	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc; \
+	mv libc glibc
+	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR}
+	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR}
+
+get_patch0: $(PATCH0)
+
+get_patch1: $(PATCH1)
+
+$(PATCH1):
+	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@ 
+	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
+	patch -p1 < ${PATCH1_DIR}/$@
+
+$(PATCH0): 
+	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@
+	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
+	patch -p0 < ${PATCH0_DIR}/$@
+
+apply_glibc_patches: get_patch0 get_patch1
+
+build_all:
+	ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root ; \
+	export PATH="$(PATH):$(DOWNLOADS)" ; \
+	echo $$PATH ; \
+	. ${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu-env ; \
+	${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf downloads root *~
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6d9c10d4544a07337b6eeff7ff2880b06e63a313 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 25 Nov 2007 16:06:44 +0100
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile: Copyright has been assigned
 to the FSF as per web-commit d0d3fe0cce1b6b925b892a1648682f6cfa0d1b0b.  Use
 GPLv2+.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile | 33 ++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
index 98c1dc1d..7a6a9524 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 # "HurdToolchainMakefile" - a Makefile for setting up Hurd toolchain builds
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2007  Shakthi Kannan <shakthi.kannan@qvantel.com>
+
+# Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+# Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+# version.
+# 
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+# for more details.
 # 
-# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-# version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
-# Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+
+# Written by Shakthi Kannan <shakthi.kannan@qvantel.com>.
+
 
 ## Variables
 TOPDIR=.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ce68e01b053e29788f010daca627913048c64336 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 25 Nov 2007 16:07:49 +0100
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: Use proper ikiwiki (Markdown) syntax. 
 Link to the `Makefile'.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index dfbda138..d96e94b3 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -202,17 +202,14 @@ should be in place now.*
 
 ### Makefile
 
-The following Makefile has been written to automate the above steps. You will require Internet connection and atleast 1.5 GB of hard-disk spaace. Just run:
+A [[Makefile]] has been written to automate the above steps.  You will require
+an Internet connection and atleast 1.5 GiB of hard-disk space.  Just run...
 
-<pre>
-  make
-</pre>
+    make
 
-to build the toolchain. To clean-up, use:
+... to build the toolchain.  To clean up, use...
 
-<pre>
-  make clean
-</pre>
+    make clean
 
 
 ### Staying Up-To-Date
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3d0cd78f9983a4652e05a96489693797bf44a6c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2007 18:02:46 +0100
Subject: Hurd/LiveCD: Move to hurd/running/live_cd.

---
 Hurd/FlashHurd.mdwn       |  2 +-
 Hurd/LiveCD.mdwn          | 17 -----------------
 hurd/running.mdwn         |  2 +-
 hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/LiveCD.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/FlashHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/FlashHurd.mdwn
index 6558c014..a6288afc 100644
--- a/Hurd/FlashHurd.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/FlashHurd.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 It would be nice if we had a bootable [USB flash drive](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_key) Hurd like [[DamnSmallLinux]]. It would be useful for those who want to try out the Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks. In addition to that, a bootable Flash Hurd would enable us to have a native installer instead of relying on Linux.
 
-It could be installed in the USB using a [[LiveCD]] (using a script) - this is the Burned version - or directly downloading the iso files from the Internet - Unburned version -. One can use also [qemu] to run the [[LiveCD]] and them use the USB installation script.
+It could be installed in the USB using a [[hurd/running/Live_CD]] (using a script) - this is the Burned version - or directly downloading the iso files from the Internet - Unburned version -. One can use also [qemu] to run the [[hurd/running/Live_CD]] and them use the USB installation script.
 
 Here is an outline of the things that need to be done. Please add your comments and suggestions.
 
diff --git a/Hurd/LiveCD.mdwn b/Hurd/LiveCD.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 3680e080..00000000
--- a/Hurd/LiveCD.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# <a name="GNU_Hurd_Live_CD"> </a> GNU/Hurd Live-CD
-
-You can download a gzipped iso of a Hurd Live CD at:
-
-* <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/live-cd/>
-
-The Superunpriveleged crew also offers a tiny Hurd Live CD that is under 10 megabytes:
-
-* <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/tiny-cd/>
-
-* [A disk image with an installation of the Debian distribution of GNU/Hurd](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/)
-
-
-These [LiveCDs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveCD) should be useful for those who want to try out the Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks. In addition to that, the bootable Hurd CDs should enable us to have a native installer instead of relying on Linux.
-
-* [[RequirementsForLiveCD]]
-* [[BuildingHurdLiveCD]]
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 188448b3..a79e6b60 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
-* [[LiveCD]] - Live CDs
+* [[Live_CD]]
 * [[QEMU]] - In QEMU
 * [[vmware]] (**non-free!**)
 * [[FlashHurd]] - From a flash stick
diff --git a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3680e080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# <a name="GNU_Hurd_Live_CD"> </a> GNU/Hurd Live-CD
+
+You can download a gzipped iso of a Hurd Live CD at:
+
+* <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/live-cd/>
+
+The Superunpriveleged crew also offers a tiny Hurd Live CD that is under 10 megabytes:
+
+* <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/tiny-cd/>
+
+* [A disk image with an installation of the Debian distribution of GNU/Hurd](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/)
+
+
+These [LiveCDs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveCD) should be useful for those who want to try out the Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks. In addition to that, the bootable Hurd CDs should enable us to have a native installer instead of relying on Linux.
+
+* [[RequirementsForLiveCD]]
+* [[BuildingHurdLiveCD]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a857410f5ecca3a340116516357b42e5cb086a82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2007 18:45:26 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/live_cd: Remove link to QEMU image.  Use proper ikiwiki
 syntax.

---
 hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn | 18 ++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
index 3680e080..b004c5b8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
-# <a name="GNU_Hurd_Live_CD"> </a> GNU/Hurd Live-CD
+You can download a gzipped iso of a Hurd Live CD at
+<http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/live-cd/>.
 
-You can download a gzipped iso of a Hurd Live CD at:
+The Superunpriveleged crew also offers a tiny Hurd Live CD that is under 10
+MiB: <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/tiny-cd/>
 
-* <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/live-cd/>
 
-The Superunpriveleged crew also offers a tiny Hurd Live CD that is under 10 megabytes:
+These [[wikipedia LiveCD]]s should be useful for those who want to try out the
+Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks.  In addition to
+that, the bootable Hurd CDs should enable us to have a native installer instead
+of relying on Linux.
 
-* <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/tiny-cd/>
-
-* [A disk image with an installation of the Debian distribution of GNU/Hurd](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/)
-
-
-These [LiveCDs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveCD) should be useful for those who want to try out the Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks. In addition to that, the bootable Hurd CDs should enable us to have a native installer instead of relying on Linux.
 
 * [[RequirementsForLiveCD]]
 * [[BuildingHurdLiveCD]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a6d92084a7e5e24c5e01cb57f480c3dc77bdeaf9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2007 18:46:53 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/live_cd: How to run the tiny Live CD.

---
 hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
index b004c5b8..f8727118 100644
--- a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ You can download a gzipped iso of a Hurd Live CD at
 The Superunpriveleged crew also offers a tiny Hurd Live CD that is under 10
 MiB: <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/tiny-cd/>
 
+Use it like this:
+
+    $ qemu -cdrom hurd-tiny-cd-20060722.iso
 
 These [[wikipedia LiveCD]]s should be useful for those who want to try out the
 Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks.  In addition to
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2e5e0d03ce2161c6e5e2a422e04b383e2ec5cfb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2007 18:57:38 +0100
Subject: hurd/concepts: Link to [[virtualization]].

---
 hurd/concepts.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index 1158d357..cdbd60dd 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 * [[Translator]]
 * [[Virtual_File_System]]
 * [[Authentication]]
+* [[Virtualization]]
 * [[Neighborhurd]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9b6a8056caec44112a4073860c5a0e85a6575183 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2007 18:58:20 +0100
Subject: hurd/virtualization: New page.  Link to Olaf's `` Advanced
 Lightweight Virtualization''.

---
 hurd/virtualization.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/virtualization.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fff45ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Olaf Buddenhagen has written a text about how [[/virtualization]] is applicable
+within Hurd systems:
+<http://tri-ceps.blogspot.com/2007/10/advanced-lightweight-virtualization.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f772816c588bd40132079dde30cf2e8e2122b7e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:11:02 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit: Split out.  Written by
 Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                   | 10 ----------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 1892d63f..8c410756 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -47,16 +47,6 @@ Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
 # Translators
 
 
-# 512 MiB RAM Limit
-
-GNU Mach does not cope well with lots of memory.  Newer versions of the Debian
-`gnumach` package will limit themselves to around 1 GiB of memory.  If you have
-an older version, or still experience problems with `vmstat` (see above)
-reported much less memory than you have, the best is to limit the memory it can
-see via GRUB's `upppermem` feature.  Add `uppermem 786432` to GRUB's Hurd entry
-in `menu.lst`.
-
-This should be fixed.
 
 
 # `xserver-common`
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea54fe5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# 512 MiB RAM Limit
+
+GNU Mach does not cope well with lots of memory.  Newer versions of the Debian
+`gnumach` package will limit themselves to around 1 GiB of memory.  If you have
+an older version, or still experience problems with `vmstat` (see above)
+reported much less memory than you have, the best is to limit the memory it can
+see via GRUB's `upppermem` feature.  Add `uppermem 786432` to GRUB's Hurd entry
+in `menu.lst`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 76f813b92fa0b8f3b48abfcc1c51ace7ff9018d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:12:51 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data: Split out.  Written by
 Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                    |  9 ---------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 8c410756..3a2e77a2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -116,12 +116,3 @@ If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
 The kernel logs are written to `/dev/klog`.  Run `cat /dev/klog > foo` as root
 and hit `ctrl+c` after a few seconds to catch the logs.  You can do this only
 once and do not do this in single-user mode (where `ctrl+c` does not work).
-
-
-# `bad hypermeta data`
-
-If you get the error `bad hypermeta data` when trying to mount an ext3
-partition from GNU/Linux, that is usually because the file system has not been
-unmounted cleanly (maybe GNU/Linux got suspended to disk) and the Hurd cannot
-mount it as ext2 without checking.  Either boot back into GNU/Linux and unmount
-it or you can try to run `fsck.ext3` from GNU/Hurd directly.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee0b71aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# `bad hypermeta data`
+
+If you get the error `bad hypermeta data` when trying to mount an ext3
+partition from GNU/Linux, that is usually because the file system has not been
+unmounted cleanly (maybe GNU/Linux got suspended to disk) and the Hurd cannot
+mount it as ext2 without checking.  Either boot back into GNU/Linux and unmount
+it or you can try to run `fsck.ext3` from GNU/Hurd directly.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 386ce5531a6df7431b03b2c5909f76c20e34e9d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:14:46 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs: Split out.  Written by Michael
 Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn             |  7 -------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 3a2e77a2..49176494 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -109,10 +109,3 @@ If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
     deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main
 
 ... replacing _de_ with your homeland's code.
-
-
-# Kernel Logs
-
-The kernel logs are written to `/dev/klog`.  Run `cat /dev/klog > foo` as root
-and hit `ctrl+c` after a few seconds to catch the logs.  You can do this only
-once and do not do this in single-user mode (where `ctrl+c` does not work).
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..526f45d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Kernel Logs
+
+The kernel logs are written to `/dev/klog`.  Run `cat /dev/klog > foo` as root
+and hit `ctrl+c` after a few seconds to catch the logs.  You can do this only
+once and do not do this in single-user mode (where `ctrl+c` does not work).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bacee1aeb09ad0f1d03c0725f351a6db5ccc9884 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:16:39 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random: Split out.  Written by Michael
 Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn            |  7 -------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 49176494..35f34bcf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -18,13 +18,6 @@ You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
 make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
 
 
-# `/dev/random`
-
-There is no random device by default as no secure implementation has been
-finished yet.  An easy (but very insecure) work-around is to copy a binary file
-like `/bin/bash` to `/dev/random` and `/dev/urandom`.
-
-
 # Hurd Console
 
 Edit `/etc/default/hurd-console` to configure the Hurd console and enable it on
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2a3c908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# `/dev/random`
+
+There is no random device by default as no secure implementation has been
+finished yet.  An easy (but very insecure) work-around is to copy a binary file
+like `/bin/bash` to `/dev/random` and `/dev/urandom`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 12bd9aebb9faa5212f422d588f88fa0547e4a9f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:19:50 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console: Split out.  Written by Michael
 Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn              |  6 ------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 35f34bcf..bc63482b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
 make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
 
 
-# Hurd Console
-
-Edit `/etc/default/hurd-console` to configure the Hurd console and enable it on
-bootup.  See [[console]] for further information about the Hurd console.
-
-
 # Swap
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..946aa307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Hurd Console
+
+Edit `/etc/default/hurd-console` to configure the Hurd console and enable it on
+bootup.  See [[console]] for further information about the Hurd console.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 21a75fd661bf5141296eb66f97f9194ae345f670 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:21:11 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/df: Split out.  Written by Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn    |  7 -------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index bc63482b..581ef8d9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -5,13 +5,6 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 [[toc ]]
 
 
-# `df`
-
-There is no `/etc/mtab`, so just running `df` will yield an error.  Pass `df` a
-path like `df /` or `df ./` to see the disk usage of that particular file
-system.
-
-
 # `sshd`
 
 You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3031d08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# `df`
+
+There is no `/etc/mtab`, so just running `df` will yield an error.  Pass `df` a
+path like `df /` or `df ./` to see the disk usage of that particular file
+system.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5e538c5c395ecaf4f95e8a8626b4dfe84f931388 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:22:03 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd: Split out.  Written by Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn      |  6 ------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 581ef8d9..378e25f2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 [[toc ]]
 
 
-# `sshd`
-
-You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
-make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
-
-
 # Swap
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2970920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# `sshd`
+
+You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
+make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From acf7ab7cd2b0c7c3b9da0b9f498c952cfcd0fe26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:23:05 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit: Split out.  Written by
 Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                       |  5 -----
 hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 378e25f2..beff14aa 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 # Swap
 
 
-# 2 GiB Partition Limit
-
-The 2 GiB limit has been removed in Debian GNU/Hurd.
-
-
 # Free Memory
 
 Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..726633e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# 2 GiB Partition Limit
+
+The 2 GiB limit has been removed in Debian GNU/Hurd.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 38ee1958ca150dc351038885b7c6308b4c431cd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:23:46 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory: Split out.  Written by Michael
 Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn             |  5 -----
 hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index beff14aa..39da5077 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 # Swap
 
 
-# Free Memory
-
-Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
-
-
 # Translators
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44d4a1af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Free Memory
+
+Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f1ef9c8fddfbcf4c60c38229e43bcb8843de8d89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:24:40 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common: Split out.  Written by
 Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                |  8 --------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 39da5077..d664db07 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -11,14 +11,6 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 # Translators
 
 
-
-
-# `xserver-common`
-
-You need to run `dpkg-reconfigure xserver-common` and select `Anybody` for
-starting X as there is no way to detect console users currently.
-
-
 # Reporting Bugs
 
 Please try to reproduce bugs which are not obviously Hurd-specific on Debian
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33d53276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# `xserver-common`
+
+You need to run `dpkg-reconfigure xserver-common` and select `Anybody` for
+starting X as there is no way to detect console users currently.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 123d1fac5097fe652f2ab9c4b6c63403e81da546 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:25:22 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs: Split out.  Written by Michael
 Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn          |  5 -----
 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index d664db07..133667ca 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -24,11 +24,6 @@ the respective Debian packages, or directly at
 <http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=hurd>
 
 
-# `ps` Hangs
-
-If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work.
-
-
 # Porting Packages
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6e288fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# `ps` Hangs
+
+If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c355b6162685f828fb21fbe61bf8d74ac4effbce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:26:21 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc: Split out.  Written
 by Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                        | 14 --------------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 133667ca..bfd73dac 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -27,20 +27,6 @@ the respective Debian packages, or directly at
 # Porting Packages
 
 
-# Debugging inside glibc
-
-To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
-`libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
-symbols by default (`/usr/lib/debug/lib/`), Debian's `libc0.3-dbg` stores only
-frame unwind information.  If you want to step into glibc while debugging, you
-need to add `LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/lib/debug` to GDB's environment.  If that
-still does not work, try `LD\_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/debug/libc.so.0.3` instead.  You
-can add to GDB's environment via `set env FOO bar` from the GDB command line.
-
-It seems that this is no longer needed with the Debian glibc 2.5 packages, but
-I may as well be wrong.  Have to check that again.
-
-
 # Debugging Translators
 
 In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85b58500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Debugging inside glibc
+
+To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
+`libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
+symbols by default (`/usr/lib/debug/lib/`), Debian's `libc0.3-dbg` stores only
+frame unwind information.  If you want to step into glibc while debugging, you
+need to add `LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/lib/debug` to GDB's environment.  If that
+still does not work, try `LD\_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/debug/libc.so.0.3` instead.  You
+can add to GDB's environment via `set env FOO bar` from the GDB command line.
+
+It seems that this is no longer needed with the Debian glibc 2.5 packages, but
+I may as well be wrong.  Have to check that again.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 039a725be85c45bb9539d6693e1070bc024937b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:27:09 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators: Split out.  Written by
 Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                       | 11 -----------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index bfd73dac..b254bfa9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -27,17 +27,6 @@ the respective Debian packages, or directly at
 # Porting Packages
 
 
-# Debugging Translators
-
-In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
-during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  Then
-start the translator like `settrans -P /foo /usr/bin/env
-LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/lib/debug /hurd/foofs`. The `-P` option will make it
-pause and you will be able to attach [[debugging/GDB]] to the process.
-
-Is starting the translator like this really needed?
-
-
 # Other Repositories
 
 If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6db5c9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Debugging Translators
+
+In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
+during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  Then
+start the translator like `settrans -P /foo /usr/bin/env
+LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/lib/debug /hurd/foofs`. The `-P` option will make it
+pause and you will be able to attach [[debugging/GDB]] to the process.
+
+Is starting the translator like this really needed?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 08ff952a0bd066a5f53ade453505ed7b8c98fd25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:29:49 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories: Split out.  Written by
 Thomas Schwinge.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                    | 10 ----------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index b254bfa9..4c9f865f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -25,13 +25,3 @@ the respective Debian packages, or directly at
 
 
 # Porting Packages
-
-
-# Other Repositories
-
-If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
-`/etc/apt/sources.list` contains a line like
-
-    deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main
-
-... replacing _de_ with your homeland's code.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4273f83e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Other Repositories
+
+If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
+`/etc/apt/sources.list` contains a line like
+
+    deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main
+
+... replacing _de_ with your homeland's code.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e565097f76ae088a0e2f07c384414ded47a773fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:32:47 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs: Split out.  Written by
 Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                | 13 -------------
 hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 4c9f865f..044b20e0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -11,17 +11,4 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 # Translators
 
 
-# Reporting Bugs
-
-Please try to reproduce bugs which are not obviously Hurd-specific on Debian
-GNU/Linux and then file them there.
-
-If you find a genuine issue in Debian GNU/Hurd, please file it in our Alioth
-bug tracker at
-[http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=411594&amp;group\_id=30628&amp;func=browse](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=411594&group_id=30628&func=browse)
-If you find a bug in the Hurd or GNU Mach themselves, either file a bug against
-the respective Debian packages, or directly at
-<http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=hurd>
-
-
 # Porting Packages
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d8e743e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Reporting Bugs
+
+Please try to reproduce bugs which are not obviously Hurd-specific on Debian
+GNU/Linux and then file them there.
+
+If you find a genuine issue in Debian GNU/Hurd, please file it in our Alioth
+bug tracker at
+<http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=411594&group_id=30628&func=browse>
+If you find a bug in the Hurd or GNU Mach themselves, either file a bug against
+the respective Debian packages, or directly at
+<http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=hurd>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3509109f8d5dbd2a5a9714b5871bd4a4c1f22975 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:42:58 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount: Renamed from
 `hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion'.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn | 23 -----------------------
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e3f36e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms.
+
+#!/bin/sh
+# Filename: /usr/bin/umount
+
+settrans -fg "$@"
+
+Give executable permission to the script
+
+# chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
+
+In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index b7e4fdd2..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-Someone should check and incorporate the following:
-
-> You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount
-> cdroms
-> 
->     #!/bin/sh
->     # Filename: /usr/bin/umount
->     
->     settrans -fg "$@"
-> 
-> Give executable permission to the script
-> 
->     # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
-> 
-> In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8db352b3eeeb6e6b7270e1720252923e926551d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:43:44 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq: Inline the separated pages.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn | 15 +++++----------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 044b20e0..f96f983a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -2,13 +2,8 @@ Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ.
 
 See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 
-[[toc ]]
-
-
-# Swap
-
-
-# Translators
-
-
-# Porting Packages
+[[inline
+pages="hurd/running/debian/faq/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="hurd/running/debian/faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5b211b74c4a1b258b6528a0e986ea75c223cd50f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 15:45:08 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount: Proper syntax.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn | 15 ++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
index 2e3f36e2..91748157 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms.
 
-#!/bin/sh
-# Filename: /usr/bin/umount
+    #!/bin/sh
+    # Filename: /usr/bin/umount
+    
+    settrans -fg "$@"
 
-settrans -fg "$@"
+Give executable permission to the script.
 
-Give executable permission to the script
+    # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
 
-# chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
-
-In /etc/fstab add a trailing '/' after cdrom like /cdrom/ since apt uses a traing '/'
+In `/etc/fstab` add a trailing `/` after cdrom like `/cdrom/` since apt uses a
+traing `/`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8b585c7f28bd4eef6e2b48e9f5770223c9b71501 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2007 17:46:04 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/*: Remove headings and replace some of them
 with setting the page titles.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn  | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn      | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn             | 2 ++
 hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn     | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn  | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn             | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn                     | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn            | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn           | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn            | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn     | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn               | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn         | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn                   | 2 --
 hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn         | 2 --
 16 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
index 726633e2..805282c7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# 2 GiB Partition Limit
+[[meta title="2 GiB Partition Limit"]]
 
 The 2 GiB limit has been removed in Debian GNU/Hurd.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
index ea54fe5f..a0239787 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# 512 MiB RAM Limit
+[[meta title="512 MiB RAM Limit"]]
 
 GNU Mach does not cope well with lots of memory.  Newer versions of the Debian
 `gnumach` package will limit themselves to around 1 GiB of memory.  If you have
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
index 91748157..f7070222 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
+[[meta title="apt: unmount cdroms"]]
+
 You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms.
 
     #!/bin/sh
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
index ee0b71aa..dac6c52a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# `bad hypermeta data`
-
 If you get the error `bad hypermeta data` when trying to mount an ext3
 partition from GNU/Linux, that is usually because the file system has not been
 unmounted cleanly (maybe GNU/Linux got suspended to disk) and the Hurd cannot
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
index 85b58500..2f4ab8ce 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Debugging inside glibc
-
 To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
 `libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
 symbols by default (`/usr/lib/debug/lib/`), Debian's `libc0.3-dbg` stores only
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
index 6db5c9d9..54148da9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Debugging Translators
-
 In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
 during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  Then
 start the translator like `settrans -P /foo /usr/bin/env
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
index f2a3c908..86cafa9b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# `/dev/random`
+[[meta title="/dev/random"]]
 
 There is no random device by default as no secure implementation has been
 finished yet.  An easy (but very insecure) work-around is to copy a binary file
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
index 3031d08c..591e26c8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# `df`
-
 There is no `/etc/mtab`, so just running `df` will yield an error.  Pass `df` a
 path like `df /` or `df ./` to see the disk usage of that particular file
 system.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
index 44d4a1af..2f2c982d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Free Memory
-
 Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
index 946aa307..6bf52f93 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Hurd Console
-
 Edit `/etc/default/hurd-console` to configure the Hurd console and enable it on
 bootup.  See [[console]] for further information about the Hurd console.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
index 526f45d8..22690ece 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Kernel Logs
-
 The kernel logs are written to `/dev/klog`.  Run `cat /dev/klog > foo` as root
 and hit `ctrl+c` after a few seconds to catch the logs.  You can do this only
 once and do not do this in single-user mode (where `ctrl+c` does not work).
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
index 4273f83e..da9396e6 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Other Repositories
-
 If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
 `/etc/apt/sources.list` contains a line like
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
index c6e288fe..7ae1c8c7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# `ps` Hangs
-
 If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
index 2d8e743e..adaaa9ac 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Reporting Bugs
-
 Please try to reproduce bugs which are not obviously Hurd-specific on Debian
 GNU/Linux and then file them there.
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
index f2970920..1cdd29d0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# `sshd`
-
 You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
 make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
index 33d53276..7464ed3b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# `xserver-common`
-
 You need to run `dpkg-reconfigure xserver-common` and select `Anybody` for
 starting X as there is no way to detect console users currently.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cf99272a62b2ca8837dfab3a077db4b0549975ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 17:24:59 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: Replaced gnuab references with
 debian-ports

---
 hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
index 5c998c94..84dae291 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ put in `/etc/apt/sources.list` are (as of Jan 2007):
 
     deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian unstable main contrib
     deb-src http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian unstable main contrib
-    deb http://ftp.gnuab.org/debian unreleased main
-    deb-src http://ftp.gnuab.org/debian unreleased main
+    deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main
+    deb-src http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main
 
 `apt-get` update a couple of times if some file fails to download.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1f80909cf4f7ce023d6bda5f2f35da12bacde338 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2007 17:30:39 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: Removed obsolete and wrong "dpkg does not
 find essential utilities" section

---
 hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn | 13 +------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
index 84dae291..33a70349 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
@@ -49,18 +49,7 @@ put in `/etc/apt/sources.list` are (as of Jan 2007):
 
 `apt-get` update a couple of times if some file fails to download.
 
-<!-- As long as I am around (which is as off February 2005) I never ever had to
-do such following frobbing.  Should we remove this?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
-
-If when doing your first `apt-get`, `dpkg` complains of missing programs, [try
-to cheat it this
-way](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/1999/05/msg00187.html):
-
-    # ln -s /sbin/ldconfig /bin/ldconfig
-    # ln -s /bin/true /bin/update-rc.d
-    # ln -s /bin/true /bin/start-stop-daemon
-    # ln -s /bin/true /bin/install-info
-    # ln -s /bin/true /bin/update-alternatives
+If when doing your first `apt-get`, `dpkg` complains of missing programs, get root in a login shell (`su -`).
 
 Installing packages without having a network connection is described
 [[Distrib/DebianAptOffline]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3c4a1c6f0101dbff9c2788101935faf27b1ab000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 10 Dec 2007 15:29:20 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/qemu: Add information from
 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/web-hurd/2007-12/msg00000.html>, by Thomas
 Schwinge.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 16 +++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 971074bf..f289ec59 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ Also see another text about how to [[gnu/create_an_image]] for the
 [[GNU_system|gnu]].
 
 
-# Mounting Disk Image on Host
+# Transferring Files
+
+## Mounting Disk Image on Host
 
 You may wish to mount your disk image on your host system to transfer files. To do this you will first need to find the offset of the partition you wish to mount.
 
@@ -57,6 +59,18 @@ Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply i
 
     # mount -o loop,offset=32256 hd0.img /mnt/diskimage
 
+## Having QEMU crete *virtual FAT disk images*
+
+[Manual](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC24).
+
+QEMU has a facility to create FAT file systems on-the-fly:
+
+    qemu [...] -hdc fat:[somewhere]
+
+The Hurd [[`fatfs`_translator|translator/fatfs]] currently is read-only, but
+for testing executables (etc.) that is enough.  And it is much easier than
+loop-mounting the file systems images.  (Also you don't need `root' rights.)
+
 
 # Networking in QEMU
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8f8c67c54535e9cfc92145195e338dc73d8151cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 10 Dec 2007 15:31:52 +0100
Subject: Typo.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index f289ec59..33b2309b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply i
 
     # mount -o loop,offset=32256 hd0.img /mnt/diskimage
 
-## Having QEMU crete *virtual FAT disk images*
+## Having QEMU create *virtual FAT disk images*
 
 [Manual](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC24).
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a7d151d1ea83cf14e25eae23bbd1f693f73264ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2007 00:07:25 +0100
Subject: Typo.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
index 1cdd29d0..86eca791 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd\_options`.  Also
+You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`.  Also
 make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From daf9dee27f166214ee4b1c5b8b68a6a07fe0f044 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2007 11:59:05 +0100
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: Using GCC trunk (upcoming 4.3 series)
 does work now.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index d96e94b3..fb02c507 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -74,7 +74,27 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
         should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
         `gcc-4_2-branch` needs.
 
-    Support for the upcoming 4.3 series (`trunk`) is being worked on.
+        <!--
+        GCC 4.3 has not yet been released.
+    * SVN `gcc-4_3-branch`
+        -->
+    * SVN `trunk` -- upcoming 4.3 series
+
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/trunk
+
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd trunk/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
+        * Patches:
+            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-12/msg00029.html>
+
+        <!--
+        GCC 4.3 has not yet been released.
+    * Recent releases of the 4.3 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
+        `gcc-4_3-branch` needs.
+        -->
 
 * `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 89ae777f5dbd9bea2aeb05541ea557da15714085 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2007 19:31:44 +0100
Subject: microkernel/mach/gnumach/revivalproject ->
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects

---
 Mach/OskitMach.mdwn                          |  7 +++-
 hurd/contributing.mdwn                       |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn       | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/revivalproject.mdwn | 51 ----------------------------
 microkernel/mach/history.mdwn                |  3 +-
 6 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/revivalproject.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn b/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn
index bfa12380..a1c3dab6 100644
--- a/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn
+++ b/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@ GNU Mach 2.0 makes use of the drivers provided by [the OSKit](http://www.cs.utah
 
 ## <a name="Status"> Status </a>
 
-The OSKit-Mach version of GNUmach is today (2005) more or less defunct. Nobody is working on it. Few people ever got it running, and by now there are also problems building with recent toolchains. Instead, the Hurd developers now concentrate on completely different microkernels (Coyotos being the current favourite), as well as on improving the original GNU Mach 1.x codebase. (See also [[gnumach/RevivalProject]].)
+The OSKit-Mach version of GNUmach is today (2005) more or less defunct.  Nobody
+is working on it.  Few people ever got it running, and by now there are also
+problems building with recent toolchains.  Instead, the Hurd developers now
+concentrate on completely different microkernels (Coyotos being the current
+favourite), as well as on improving the original GNU Mach 1.x codebase.  (See
+also [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects]].)
 
 The [[MailingLists]], or the [[IRC]] is, like always, the best source of more current information.
 
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
index 132894ce..73550831 100644
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ See the [[ToDo]].
 
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] is the underlying microkernel used by the
 Hurd.  It has a number of deficencies;
-[[microkernel/mach/gnumach/RevivalProject]].
+[[microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 3a46ea82..13ab8441 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ GNU Mach runs on x86 machines.  See the
 * [[Building]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [[Boot_Trace]]
-* [[RevivalProject]] - GNU Mach Projects
+* [[Projects]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b04b695f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+## <a name="GNU_Mach_Revival_Project"> </a> GNU Mach Revival Project
+
+This page is a place to keep track of all those things that we need to improve in GNU Mach, so that it is a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both in terms of stability and performance. If you find anything missing here, please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
+
+If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to the mailing list <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/help.html#TOCmail> stating what task you wish to work on, so that no duplicate efforts end up.
+
+**_Task List_**
+
+* Clean up the Code. (Assigned to: **Team Leader:** _Gianluca Guida (gianluca)_, **Hackers:** _Alfredo Beaumont (abeaumont)_, _Pedro J. Ruiz Lopez (holzplatten)_, _Matheus Morais (xsun)_, _We need **YOU** here!_)
+  * Remove all dead files from the GNU Mach source tree.
+  * Restructure the tree in a sane way.
+  * Remove dead functions/variables/etc from source files.
+  * Rewrite ugly code.
+
+* Update the core architecture and drivers. (Assigned to: **Team Leader:** _Gianluca Guida (gianluca)_, **Hackers:** _Alfredo Beaumont (abeaumont)_, _Sergio Lopez (koro)_, _Pedro J. Ruiz Lopez (holzplatten)_, _We need **YOU** here!_)
+  * Check what NetBSD, FreeBSD and Linux do with their host specific code (i486, PPC, Sparc, ...). And if it might be wise to take that and use it in GNU Mach. There is no need to worry about purely internal API's, but the external ones shouldn't require any major changes.
+  * Write a list of all functions provided by the host dependant code in GNU Mach that gets used in the non-host specific code (kernel, IPC and VM).
+  * Once we have decided what the new internal API should look like, make a list of the new API and the old one, and try to make things as compatible as possible, but not at the expense of anything.
+
+* Implement Migrating Threads. (Assigned to: _Sergio Lopez (koro)_)
+  * Migrating Threads (MT) could improve IPC performance and making easier the work of the scheduler. For more information, check this <http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sf94/ford.html>
+
+* Improve the external pagers interface. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
+  * Making this interface synchronous should improve I/O performance significantly, without (almost) any drawbacks (we also get some advantage from MT's).
+  * Implement more paging eviction policies, so they fit better with usual behaviour of the pagers.
+  * Implement resource accounting for external pagers.
+
+* VM. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
+  * Put it on user level (?)
+  * Clean up the mess.
+  * Provide a fast way to read/write from/to a memory object.
+  * Simplify/normalise the code.
+
+* Simplify the IPC Semantics. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
+  * There are a lot of things in GNU Mach's IPC that we don't need. Track down those things, and get rid of them without requiring many changes in the Hurd (the changes will affect MiG, but that is OK).
+
+* Temporary mappings for Client-Server memory transfers. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
+  * Extend Mach's IPC to provide some kind of object which can represent a range of memory that can temporarily be mapped into the servers address space for sending/receiving data. This would allow us to avoid excessive memory copies.
+  * Find a new way to work with unaligned memory.
+
+* GDB remote debugging support (Assigned to: _Alfred M. Szmidt (ams)_)
+  * Implement support for GDB debugging via serial line and/or network. Maybe this can be done together with the host-specific work above.
+
+**_Wish List_**
+
+* Interface for userspace non-critical drivers.
+* Sound Support ;-)
+* WLAN support (ipw2200) with WEP/WPA
+* ACPI support
+
+-- [[Main/SergioLopez]] - 20 Dec 2005 (Corrections by Alfred M. Szmidt)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/revivalproject.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/revivalproject.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index b04b695f..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/revivalproject.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-## <a name="GNU_Mach_Revival_Project"> </a> GNU Mach Revival Project
-
-This page is a place to keep track of all those things that we need to improve in GNU Mach, so that it is a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both in terms of stability and performance. If you find anything missing here, please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
-
-If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to the mailing list <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/help.html#TOCmail> stating what task you wish to work on, so that no duplicate efforts end up.
-
-**_Task List_**
-
-* Clean up the Code. (Assigned to: **Team Leader:** _Gianluca Guida (gianluca)_, **Hackers:** _Alfredo Beaumont (abeaumont)_, _Pedro J. Ruiz Lopez (holzplatten)_, _Matheus Morais (xsun)_, _We need **YOU** here!_)
-  * Remove all dead files from the GNU Mach source tree.
-  * Restructure the tree in a sane way.
-  * Remove dead functions/variables/etc from source files.
-  * Rewrite ugly code.
-
-* Update the core architecture and drivers. (Assigned to: **Team Leader:** _Gianluca Guida (gianluca)_, **Hackers:** _Alfredo Beaumont (abeaumont)_, _Sergio Lopez (koro)_, _Pedro J. Ruiz Lopez (holzplatten)_, _We need **YOU** here!_)
-  * Check what NetBSD, FreeBSD and Linux do with their host specific code (i486, PPC, Sparc, ...). And if it might be wise to take that and use it in GNU Mach. There is no need to worry about purely internal API's, but the external ones shouldn't require any major changes.
-  * Write a list of all functions provided by the host dependant code in GNU Mach that gets used in the non-host specific code (kernel, IPC and VM).
-  * Once we have decided what the new internal API should look like, make a list of the new API and the old one, and try to make things as compatible as possible, but not at the expense of anything.
-
-* Implement Migrating Threads. (Assigned to: _Sergio Lopez (koro)_)
-  * Migrating Threads (MT) could improve IPC performance and making easier the work of the scheduler. For more information, check this <http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sf94/ford.html>
-
-* Improve the external pagers interface. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
-  * Making this interface synchronous should improve I/O performance significantly, without (almost) any drawbacks (we also get some advantage from MT's).
-  * Implement more paging eviction policies, so they fit better with usual behaviour of the pagers.
-  * Implement resource accounting for external pagers.
-
-* VM. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
-  * Put it on user level (?)
-  * Clean up the mess.
-  * Provide a fast way to read/write from/to a memory object.
-  * Simplify/normalise the code.
-
-* Simplify the IPC Semantics. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
-  * There are a lot of things in GNU Mach's IPC that we don't need. Track down those things, and get rid of them without requiring many changes in the Hurd (the changes will affect MiG, but that is OK).
-
-* Temporary mappings for Client-Server memory transfers. (Assigned to: _We need **YOU** here!_)
-  * Extend Mach's IPC to provide some kind of object which can represent a range of memory that can temporarily be mapped into the servers address space for sending/receiving data. This would allow us to avoid excessive memory copies.
-  * Find a new way to work with unaligned memory.
-
-* GDB remote debugging support (Assigned to: _Alfred M. Szmidt (ams)_)
-  * Implement support for GDB debugging via serial line and/or network. Maybe this can be done together with the host-specific work above.
-
-**_Wish List_**
-
-* Interface for userspace non-critical drivers.
-* Sound Support ;-)
-* WLAN support (ipw2200) with WEP/WPA
-* ACPI support
-
--- [[Main/SergioLopez]] - 20 Dec 2005 (Corrections by Alfred M. Szmidt)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
index fe3247df..a27595c0 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ Meanwhile, OSKit became unmaintained, thus posing more of a burden on than being
 
 In 2005 Gianluca Guida started a different attempt to use the osenv interface with minimal changes to GNU Mach 1.x, thus allowing use of the generic driver interface while importing as little of the umaintained OSKit code as possible. However, there turned out to be serious problems with OSKit, so this attempt was abandoned as well.
 
-Today, GNU Mach development focuses on the 1.x branch again -- see also [[gnumach/RevivalProject]].
+Today, GNU Mach development focuses on the 1.x branch again -- see also this
+list of [[gnumach/projects]].
 
 # <a name="Status_of_the_project"> Status of the project </a>
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a6d7f00f976cf775093fa97d06178c853c461c05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 14:48:57 +0100
Subject: Rename [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist]] to
 [[.../hardware_compatibility_list]] and add a forwarding from the old page.
 Change all uses.

---
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                              |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 .../mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn  | 109 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn    |   4 +
 .../mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn    | 102 +------------------
 .../hardwarecompatibilitylist/discussion.mdwn      |   4 -
 6 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index 704dcc07..a02d091f 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 # Essential Documentation
 
 * [[FAQ]]
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/HardwareCompatibilityList]]
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
 
 # Forums
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 13ab8441..ab35a9de 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The majority of GNU Mach's [[device_driver]]s are from Linux 2.0.  They were
 added using glue code, i.e., a Linux [[emulation]] layer in Mach.
 
 GNU Mach runs on x86 machines.  See the
-[[hardware_compatibility_list|hardwarecompatibilitylist]] and information about
+[[hardware_compatibility_list]] and information about
 [[ports]] to other architectures.
 
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4daae309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# CPU Architecture
+
+GNU Mach current only supports the `x86` (alias `ia32` or `i386`) architecture.
+
+`amd64`/`ix64` should work in `32-bit` compatibility mode. However, in practice
+`amd64` systems seem to be troublesome more often than not. This is probably
+related to the same (chipset-related) problems we often see with recent
+machines; but it seems that `amd64` ones use problematic chipsets particularily
+often. So far we haven't heard of similar problems with Intel's eqivalent
+`ix64` (or `EM64T` as it used to be called) -- but maybe that just means fewer
+people tried running the Hurd on such machines :-)
+
+Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
+[Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
+only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
+
+Read about further [[ports]].
+
+# Memory
+
+GNU Mach will use a maximum of 1 GiB of RAM.  If your system has more,
+the surplus will silently be ignored.  (In past times, this would hinder GNU
+Mach from booting at all, but this has been fixed, so you no longer need to
+apply GRUB's `uppermem` directive.)
+
+# Video Cards
+
+Debian distributes a version of [X.org](http://x.org/).  If your video card driver
+depends on a special kernel interface such as that provided by
+the `agpgart` kernel module for the Linux kernel, then your video
+card will only be supported by the VESA driver.
+
+Using an internal i815 videocard [won't
+work](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00007.html) (at least when
+using the specialized driver), because of [missing AGP GART support in GNU
+Mach](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00011.html).
+
+# Sound
+
+No sound cards are supported at this time.
+
+# USB 1.1/2.0
+
+USB is not supported at this time.
+
+However, USB-type keyboards and mice may (and have been reported to) work
+nevertheless, given that the hardware / BIOS is doing emulation to the
+supported legacy interfaces.
+
+# IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+
+IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
+
+# Storage
+
+All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
+e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space.  If you find a specific IDE
+drive that does not work, make a note of the model and technical specifications
+here.
+
+[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
+<!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
+
+[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
+This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
+couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
+compatibility mode:
+
+    start (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static: (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static
+    device:hd0s4: No such device or address
+
+There *may* be an option in the system's BIOS setup to configure enabling such
+a compatibility mode.
+"""]]
+
+# Device Drivers
+
+[GNU Mach Reference Manual,
+Configuration](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Configuration.html)
+contains a list of device drivers that are included in GNU Mach and elaborates
+on the hardware devices they support.
+
+# User Success Reports
+
+These boards are known to work. Gnumach/Hurd has been installed and run on these board successfully. 
+
+* ASUS P2B motherboard with an Intel PII 450MHz CPU with Intel Pro/100 NIC in PCI slot
+* Intel SE-440BX motherboard 
+* VIA EPIA-M Mini-ITX motherboard with VIA Nehemiah C3 1Ghz processor. Onboard NIC (VIA Rhine) works good.
+* Compaq Deskpro ENS, Pentium3 (666 MHz upgraded to 1 GHz), Intel i815 chipset, chipset integrated NIC (detected twice, but works fine with eth0; trying to access eth1 confuses the driver and makes the system unusable), Matrox Mystique 220 (PCI) graphics card. Also works with rtl8029 (NE2000 PCI) NIC when onboard NIC disabled in BIOS setup.
+* Abit BX6 Rev. 2.0 with Celeron 400, after disabling "memory hole at 15MB" option in BIOS setup. (Otherwise, Mach detects only 15MiB of RAM, making Hurd run *extremely* slow and instable.) Should also work with PentiumII or Pentium3.
+
+# User Failure Reports
+
+Some people couldn't get these hardware combinations to work with Hurd.
+
+Note: The Debian GNU/Hurd installer actually runs on Linux, so it (almost) always works. The critical bit is booting after installation.
+
+* ASUS P5A motherboard and AMD K6-2 333MHz CPU - doesn't boot
+* ASUS P2B-LS motherboard with an Intel PII-MMX 400 MHz CPU - this board had a defective onboard NIC (that could not be disable in BIOS) and working 3COM Etherlink III NIC in a PCI bus slot. This combination worked with GNU/Linux. The 3COM NIC is known to work with the Hurd. However, while gnumach/Hurd will boot on this system, it is confused by the defective onboard NIC and unable to use the 3COM NIC. Attempting to start networking generates a continous stream of eth0 and eth1 reset messages on the console that renders the system unusable.
+* ASrock 775Twins-HDTV with a Pentium D 810 (533 MGz FSB/2600GHz core -- information no longer present on intel's site). Doesn't boot.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69ca3190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Further information may still be found on
+<http://www.nongnu.org/thug/gnumach_hardware.html>
+and could perhaps be incorporated into that page.
+--[[tschwinge]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index 4daae309..60990733 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -6,104 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# CPU Architecture
-
-GNU Mach current only supports the `x86` (alias `ia32` or `i386`) architecture.
-
-`amd64`/`ix64` should work in `32-bit` compatibility mode. However, in practice
-`amd64` systems seem to be troublesome more often than not. This is probably
-related to the same (chipset-related) problems we often see with recent
-machines; but it seems that `amd64` ones use problematic chipsets particularily
-often. So far we haven't heard of similar problems with Intel's eqivalent
-`ix64` (or `EM64T` as it used to be called) -- but maybe that just means fewer
-people tried running the Hurd on such machines :-)
-
-Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
-[Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
-only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
-
-Read about further [[ports]].
-
-# Memory
-
-GNU Mach will use a maximum of 1 GiB of RAM.  If your system has more,
-the surplus will silently be ignored.  (In past times, this would hinder GNU
-Mach from booting at all, but this has been fixed, so you no longer need to
-apply GRUB's `uppermem` directive.)
-
-# Video Cards
-
-Debian distributes a version of [X.org](http://x.org/).  If your video card driver
-depends on a special kernel interface such as that provided by
-the `agpgart` kernel module for the Linux kernel, then your video
-card will only be supported by the VESA driver.
-
-Using an internal i815 videocard [won't
-work](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00007.html) (at least when
-using the specialized driver), because of [missing AGP GART support in GNU
-Mach](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00011.html).
-
-# Sound
-
-No sound cards are supported at this time.
-
-# USB 1.1/2.0
-
-USB is not supported at this time.
-
-However, USB-type keyboards and mice may (and have been reported to) work
-nevertheless, given that the hardware / BIOS is doing emulation to the
-supported legacy interfaces.
-
-# IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
-
-IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
-
-# Storage
-
-All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
-e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space.  If you find a specific IDE
-drive that does not work, make a note of the model and technical specifications
-here.
-
-[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
-<!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
-
-[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
-This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
-couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
-compatibility mode:
-
-    start (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static: (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static
-    device:hd0s4: No such device or address
-
-There *may* be an option in the system's BIOS setup to configure enabling such
-a compatibility mode.
-"""]]
-
-# Device Drivers
-
-[GNU Mach Reference Manual,
-Configuration](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Configuration.html)
-contains a list of device drivers that are included in GNU Mach and elaborates
-on the hardware devices they support.
-
-# User Success Reports
-
-These boards are known to work. Gnumach/Hurd has been installed and run on these board successfully. 
-
-* ASUS P2B motherboard with an Intel PII 450MHz CPU with Intel Pro/100 NIC in PCI slot
-* Intel SE-440BX motherboard 
-* VIA EPIA-M Mini-ITX motherboard with VIA Nehemiah C3 1Ghz processor. Onboard NIC (VIA Rhine) works good.
-* Compaq Deskpro ENS, Pentium3 (666 MHz upgraded to 1 GHz), Intel i815 chipset, chipset integrated NIC (detected twice, but works fine with eth0; trying to access eth1 confuses the driver and makes the system unusable), Matrox Mystique 220 (PCI) graphics card. Also works with rtl8029 (NE2000 PCI) NIC when onboard NIC disabled in BIOS setup.
-* Abit BX6 Rev. 2.0 with Celeron 400, after disabling "memory hole at 15MB" option in BIOS setup. (Otherwise, Mach detects only 15MiB of RAM, making Hurd run *extremely* slow and instable.) Should also work with PentiumII or Pentium3.
-
-# User Failure Reports
-
-Some people couldn't get these hardware combinations to work with Hurd.
-
-Note: The Debian GNU/Hurd installer actually runs on Linux, so it (almost) always works. The critical bit is booting after installation.
-
-* ASUS P5A motherboard and AMD K6-2 333MHz CPU - doesn't boot
-* ASUS P2B-LS motherboard with an Intel PII-MMX 400 MHz CPU - this board had a defective onboard NIC (that could not be disable in BIOS) and working 3COM Etherlink III NIC in a PCI bus slot. This combination worked with GNU/Linux. The 3COM NIC is known to work with the Hurd. However, while gnumach/Hurd will boot on this system, it is confused by the defective onboard NIC and unable to use the 3COM NIC. Attempting to start networking generates a continous stream of eth0 and eth1 reset messages on the console that renders the system unusable.
-* ASrock 775Twins-HDTV with a Pentium D 810 (533 MGz FSB/2600GHz core -- information no longer present on intel's site). Doesn't boot.
+[[meta forward="[[hardware_compatibility_list]]"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 69ca3190..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Further information may still be found on
-<http://www.nongnu.org/thug/gnumach_hardware.html>
-and could perhaps be incorporated into that page.
---[[tschwinge]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7718e7cb3f16373a90888e2123460962651ceeea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 15:01:13 +0100
Subject: Rename [[hurd/gettinghelp]] to [[hurd/getting_help]] and add a
 forwarding from the old page. Change all uses.

---
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn  | 17 +----------------
 sidebar.mdwn           |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/getting_help.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a02d091f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+# Essential Documentation
+
+* [[FAQ]]
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
+
+# Forums
+
+Please follow these [guidelines](http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html)
+when asking your question.  Namely: spend some time trying
+to solve the problem on your own (e.g., [search the web](http://www.google.com),
+use this wiki, etc.), show us that you did so when you
+ask your question, and provide as many relevant details as possible
+reproducing them as exactly as possible.
+
+* [[MailingLists]]
+* [[IRC]]
diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index a02d091f..f984f577 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -6,19 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-# Essential Documentation
-
-* [[FAQ]]
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
-
-# Forums
-
-Please follow these [guidelines](http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html)
-when asking your question.  Namely: spend some time trying
-to solve the problem on your own (e.g., [search the web](http://www.google.com),
-use this wiki, etc.), show us that you did so when you
-ask your question, and provide as many relevant details as possible
-reproducing them as exactly as possible.
-
-* [[MailingLists]]
-* [[IRC]]
+[[meta forward="[[getting_help]]"]]
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 266b5f44..96932169 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 * **[[Home|/index]]**
 * **[[Community]]**
-* **[[Hurd/GettingHelp]]**
+* **[[Hurd/Getting_Help]]**
 
 ---
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4fa5216a5d1f91b55d68287b3ce696a46a960ecb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 9 Dec 2007 22:47:06 +0100
Subject: Use the correct ikiwiki syntax, now that this functionality is part
 of ikiwiki proper.

---
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                                   | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index f984f577..d8bdaf52 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-[[meta forward="[[getting_help]]"]]
+[[meta redir=getting_help]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index 60990733..42d558f3 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-[[meta forward="[[hardware_compatibility_list]]"]]
+[[meta redir=hardware_compatibility_list]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a2471fbbd853e141063060377df511968edaf49a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 00:52:02 +0100
Subject: Hurd/GNUHurdStatus -> hurd/status.  Remove it from the sidebar.

---
 Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn | 16 +---------------
 hurd.mdwn               |  2 +-
 hurd/status.mdwn        | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 index.mdwn              |  2 +-
 sidebar.mdwn            |  1 -
 5 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/status.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn b/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
index d65b17df..cbc3b8d4 100644
--- a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
@@ -6,18 +6,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-The last official release of the Hurd was 0.2.  An 
-eminent release is not planned.  There are a number of
-reasons for this. 
-
-One is that the Hurd is not sufficently stable or feature
-complete.  If an official release of the Hurd were made
-now, people would try the Hurd and be disappointed.  People
-already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
-well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it lessens the
-possibility that they will try the Hurd again in the future.
-
-Another reason is that, Debian provides a distribution that
-closely tracks Hurd development (and often includes many
-new features).  Little is to be gained by making an official
-release.
\ No newline at end of file
+[[meta redir=hurd/status]]
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 4ef1f013..f4a9e060 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 * [[HurdNames]] - Acronym, Origin and Usage
 * [[History]]
 * [[Logo]]
-* [[GNUHurdStatus]]
+* [[Status]]
 * [[KnownHurdLimits]]
 * [[Translation]] - Localized sites about the Hurd
 * [[HurdDonations]]
diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0fd6e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+The last official release of the Hurd was 0.2.  An 
+eminent release is not planned.  There are a number of
+reasons for this. 
+
+One is that the Hurd is not sufficently stable or feature
+complete.  If an official release of the Hurd were made
+now, people would try the Hurd and be disappointed.  People
+already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
+well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it lessens the
+possibility that they will try the Hurd again in the future.
+
+Another reason is that, Debian provides a distribution that
+closely tracks Hurd development (and often includes many
+new features).  Little is to be gained by making an official
+release.
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 6df54ff7..b3e9ebf9 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Community resources for related projects focus around the official website
 <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, this site at <http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/>, the
 [[mailing_lists|MailingLists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
 
-[[Hurd/GNUHurdStatus]]
+[[hurd/Status]]
 
 
 ## Can I add some information to the pages here?
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 96932169..3a190f2b 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 * **[[Hurd]]**[[if test="destpage(hurd*)" then="
   * *[[About|Hurd/TheGnuHurd]]*
-  * *[[Status|Hurd/GNUHurdStatus]]*
   * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]*
   * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
 * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c2e7f6adec9d6c3fe58f559a141b213d286778e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 00:55:23 +0100
Subject: hurd/status: Link to `hurd/running/debian'.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index e0fd6e89..38bbbe67 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
 well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it lessens the
 possibility that they will try the Hurd again in the future.
 
-Another reason is that, Debian provides a distribution that
+Another reason is that, Debian provides a [[distribution|running/debian]] that
 closely tracks Hurd development (and often includes many
 new features).  Little is to be gained by making an official
 release.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cad9432ff61438ec92c37c5542445f6729765169 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 00:55:41 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian: Title.

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index 56b4fae2..84dfe7d0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+[[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
+
 [[img logo.png]]
 
 - Debian [[FAQ]] -- Frequently Asked Questions
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 48674ebad90811ff7986f97351df9f89beb4ffda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 00:57:29 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq: Title.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index f96f983a..1d0401f5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ.
+[[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
 See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 97722240331041d963caf811be8ec8fb5ddebca4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 01:05:20 +0100
Subject: Hurd/MagicTranslator -> hurd/translator/magic.

---
 Hurd/MagicTranslator.mdwn  | 17 -----------------
 Hurd/TranslatorPages.mdwn  |  2 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn       |  1 +
 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/MagicTranslator.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/MagicTranslator.mdwn b/Hurd/MagicTranslator.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e649569..00000000
--- a/Hurd/MagicTranslator.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-The magic translator provides /dev/fd.
-
-    $ showtrans /dev/fd
-    /hurd/magic --directory fd
-
-The /dev/fd directory holds the open file descriptors for your current process. You can't see them with \`ls -l /dev/fd/' but you can see them individually like this:
-
-    $ ls -l /dev/fd/0
-    crw--w----  1 bing tty 0, 0 Nov 19 18:00 /dev/fd/0
diff --git a/Hurd/TranslatorPages.mdwn b/Hurd/TranslatorPages.mdwn
index a8e9b720..8e954521 100644
--- a/Hurd/TranslatorPages.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/TranslatorPages.mdwn
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Here are the translators that currently exist:
 * [[IsofsTranslator]]
 * [[KbdTranslator]]
 * [[MachdefpagerTranslator]] - (actually named mach-defpager)
-* [[MagicTranslator]]
+* [[hurd/translator/magic]]
 * [[MouseTranslator]]
 * [[NfsTranslator]]
 * [[NullTranslator]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 3e7230b3..4b25bdcf 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * [[storeio]]
 * [[ext2fs]]
 * [[fatfs]]
+* [[magic]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e649569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+The magic translator provides /dev/fd.
+
+    $ showtrans /dev/fd
+    /hurd/magic --directory fd
+
+The /dev/fd directory holds the open file descriptors for your current process. You can't see them with \`ls -l /dev/fd/' but you can see them individually like this:
+
+    $ ls -l /dev/fd/0
+    crw--w----  1 bing tty 0, 0 Nov 19 18:00 /dev/fd/0
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1d695c7c71fc5056885a69ae0be1b6e75674c412 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 01:06:57 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/magic: Markdown syntax.

---
 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
index 6e649569..d8539d6a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-The magic translator provides /dev/fd.
+The magic translator provides `/dev/fd`.
 
     $ showtrans /dev/fd
     /hurd/magic --directory fd
 
-The /dev/fd directory holds the open file descriptors for your current process. You can't see them with \`ls -l /dev/fd/' but you can see them individually like this:
+The `/dev/fd` directory holds the open file descriptors for your current
+process.  You can't see them with `ls -l /dev/fd/` but you can see them
+individually like this:
 
     $ ls -l /dev/fd/0
     crw--w----  1 bing tty 0, 0 Nov 19 18:00 /dev/fd/0
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 567c2f0219a0e331fb513ca38bac76ea63dcf691 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 01:18:49 +0100
Subject: hurd/glibc: New file.

---
 hurd.mdwn       |  1 +
 hurd/glibc.mdwn | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/glibc.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index f4a9e060..699c2a3e 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
   * [[libpager]]
   * [[libstore]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
+* [[glibc]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [[HurdSpecificGlibcApi]]: Functions in GLIBC for the Hurd.
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe61bb8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+[[General_information|/glibc]] about the glibc.
+
+For information about how the glibc integrates into the system, see sections
+2.1 and 2.5 of the [[critique]].
+
+[[Debugging_glibc|debugging/glibc]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 81582b07623a0a999898325140e8f1539d1ca5dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 01:26:05 +0100
Subject: Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi -> hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.

---
 Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi.mdwn    | 171 --------------------------------------
 hurd.mdwn                         |   1 -
 hurd/glibc.mdwn                   |   2 +
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn | 171 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn         |   1 -
 5 files changed, 173 insertions(+), 173 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 0048a13f..00000000
--- a/Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-## <a name="Hurd_specific_glibc_API"> </a> Hurd-specific glibc API
-
-These functions have meaning only under Hurd. They are needed to get port names that are used in native Hurd API (the RPC calls to servers). The `.defs` and `.h` files can be found in
-
-`/include/hurd` when all development files are installed (Debian package `hurd-dev`.) Note that `.defs` are not included in C programs - they are used to produce `.h` files.
-
-<dl>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>getcwdir</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Get <tt>file_t</tt> port name of current working directory. See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/fs.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/fs.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>setcwdir</b> (file_t);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Set current working directory.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>getcrdir</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Get <tt>file_t</tt> port name of current root directory.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>setcrdir</b> (file_t);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Set current root directory.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>file_name_lookup</b> (const char *file, int flags, mode_t mode);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Open a port to FILE with the given FLAGS and MODE (see <tt>&amp;lt;fcntl.h&amp;gt;</tt>). The file lookup uses the current root and working directory. Returns a port to the file if successful; otherwise sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>file_name_lookup_under</b> (file_t startdir, const char *file, int flags, mode_t mode);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Open a port to FILE with the given FLAGS and MODE (see <tt>&amp;lt;fcntl.h&amp;gt;</tt>). The file lookup uses the current root directory, but uses STARTDIR as the "working directory" for file relative names. Returns a port to the file if successful; otherwise sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>file_name_path_lookup</b> (const char *file_name, const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode, char **prefixed_name);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Lookup FILE_NAME and return the node opened with FLAGS &amp;amp; MODE (see <tt>hurd_file_name_lookup</tt> for details), but a simple file name (without any directory prefixes) will be consecutively prefixed with the pathnames in the <tt>:</tt> separated list PATH until one succeeds in a successful lookup. If none succeed, then the first error that wasn't ENOENT is returned, or ENOENT if no other errors were returned. If PREFIXED_NAME is non-NULL, then if the result is looked up directly, *PREFIXED_NAME is set to NULL, and if it is looked up using a prefix from PATH, *PREFIXED_NAME is set to malloc'd storage containing the prefixed name.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>file_name_split</b> (const char  file, char **name);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Split FILE into a directory and a name within the directory. The directory lookup uses the current root and working directory. If successful, stores in *NAME a pointer into FILE where the name within directory begins and returns a port to the directory; otherwise sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>directory_name_split</b> (const char *file, char **name);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Split DIRECTORY into a parent directory and a name within the directory. This is the same as <tt>file_name_split</tt>, but ignores trailing slashes.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>FILE *</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>fopenport</b> (io_t port, const char *mode);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Open a stream on a port. MODE is as for <tt>fopen</tt>. If successful, this consumes a user reference for PORT (which will be deallocated on fclose).</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>openport</b> (io_t port, int flags);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Open a file descriptor on a port. FLAGS are as for <tt>open</tt>; flags affected by <tt>io_set_openmodes</tt> are not changed by this. If successful, this consumes a user reference for PORT (which will be deallocated on close.) See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>task_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>pid2task</b> (pid_t pid);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Return the task control port of process PID. On error, sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>pid_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>task2pid</b> (task_t task);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Return the PID of the task whose control port is TASK. On error, sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns -1. </dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>geteuids</b> (int n, uid_t *uidset);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Get the effective UID set.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>seteuids</b> (int n, const uid_t *uidset);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Set the effective UID set.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>auth_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>getauth</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Get port name of current authentication server. See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/auth.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/auth.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>setauth</b> (auth_t);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Set current authentication server.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>process_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>getproc</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Get port name of current process server. See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/process.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/process.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>setproc</b> (process_t);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Set current process server.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>mach_port_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>getcttyid</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Get the CTTY port.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>setcttyid</b> (mach_port_t);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Set the CTTY port.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>kern_return_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>get_privileged_ports</b> (host_priv_t *host_priv_ptr, device_t *device_master_ptr);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Fetch the host privileged port and device master port from the process server.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>mode_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>getumask</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Get the current `umask' value without changing it (this glibc functions is available only under GNU Hurd.)</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>vpprintf</b> (io_t port, const char *format, va_list arg);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Write formatted output to PORT, a Mach port supporting the i/o protocol, according to the format string FORMAT, using the argument list in ARG.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>thread_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>hurd_thread_self</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Return the current thread's thread port. This is a cheap operation (no system call), but it relies on Hurd signal state being set up.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>error_t</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>hurd_thread_cancel</b> (thread_t thread);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Cancel pending operations on THREAD. If it is doing an interruptible RPC, that RPC will now return EINTR; otherwise, the "cancelled" flag will be set, causing the next <tt>hurd_check_cancel</tt> call to return nonzero or the next interruptible RPC to return <tt>EINTR</tt> (whichever is called first).</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
-  <dt><tt><b>hurd_check_cancel</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-  <dd>Test and clear the calling thread's "cancelled" flag.</dd>
-  <p>
-  </p>
-</dl>
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 699c2a3e..bf57c9ba 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -62,5 +62,4 @@
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
 * [[glibc]]
 * [[Debugging]]
-* [[HurdSpecificGlibcApi]]: Functions in GLIBC for the Hurd.
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
index fe61bb8e..2d43425d 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -11,4 +11,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 For information about how the glibc integrates into the system, see sections
 2.1 and 2.5 of the [[critique]].
 
+[[Hurd-specific_API]].
+
 [[Debugging_glibc|debugging/glibc]].
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0048a13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+## <a name="Hurd_specific_glibc_API"> </a> Hurd-specific glibc API
+
+These functions have meaning only under Hurd. They are needed to get port names that are used in native Hurd API (the RPC calls to servers). The `.defs` and `.h` files can be found in
+
+`/include/hurd` when all development files are installed (Debian package `hurd-dev`.) Note that `.defs` are not included in C programs - they are used to produce `.h` files.
+
+<dl>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>getcwdir</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Get <tt>file_t</tt> port name of current working directory. See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/fs.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/fs.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>setcwdir</b> (file_t);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Set current working directory.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>getcrdir</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Get <tt>file_t</tt> port name of current root directory.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>setcrdir</b> (file_t);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Set current root directory.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>file_name_lookup</b> (const char *file, int flags, mode_t mode);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Open a port to FILE with the given FLAGS and MODE (see <tt>&amp;lt;fcntl.h&amp;gt;</tt>). The file lookup uses the current root and working directory. Returns a port to the file if successful; otherwise sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>file_name_lookup_under</b> (file_t startdir, const char *file, int flags, mode_t mode);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Open a port to FILE with the given FLAGS and MODE (see <tt>&amp;lt;fcntl.h&amp;gt;</tt>). The file lookup uses the current root directory, but uses STARTDIR as the "working directory" for file relative names. Returns a port to the file if successful; otherwise sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>file_name_path_lookup</b> (const char *file_name, const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode, char **prefixed_name);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Lookup FILE_NAME and return the node opened with FLAGS &amp;amp; MODE (see <tt>hurd_file_name_lookup</tt> for details), but a simple file name (without any directory prefixes) will be consecutively prefixed with the pathnames in the <tt>:</tt> separated list PATH until one succeeds in a successful lookup. If none succeed, then the first error that wasn't ENOENT is returned, or ENOENT if no other errors were returned. If PREFIXED_NAME is non-NULL, then if the result is looked up directly, *PREFIXED_NAME is set to NULL, and if it is looked up using a prefix from PATH, *PREFIXED_NAME is set to malloc'd storage containing the prefixed name.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>file_name_split</b> (const char  file, char **name);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Split FILE into a directory and a name within the directory. The directory lookup uses the current root and working directory. If successful, stores in *NAME a pointer into FILE where the name within directory begins and returns a port to the directory; otherwise sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>file_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>directory_name_split</b> (const char *file, char **name);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Split DIRECTORY into a parent directory and a name within the directory. This is the same as <tt>file_name_split</tt>, but ignores trailing slashes.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>FILE *</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>fopenport</b> (io_t port, const char *mode);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Open a stream on a port. MODE is as for <tt>fopen</tt>. If successful, this consumes a user reference for PORT (which will be deallocated on fclose).</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>openport</b> (io_t port, int flags);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Open a file descriptor on a port. FLAGS are as for <tt>open</tt>; flags affected by <tt>io_set_openmodes</tt> are not changed by this. If successful, this consumes a user reference for PORT (which will be deallocated on close.) See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>task_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>pid2task</b> (pid_t pid);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Return the task control port of process PID. On error, sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns <tt>MACH_PORT_NULL</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>pid_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>task2pid</b> (task_t task);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Return the PID of the task whose control port is TASK. On error, sets <tt>errno</tt> and returns -1. </dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>geteuids</b> (int n, uid_t *uidset);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Get the effective UID set.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>seteuids</b> (int n, const uid_t *uidset);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Set the effective UID set.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>auth_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>getauth</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Get port name of current authentication server. See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/auth.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/auth.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>setauth</b> (auth_t);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Set current authentication server.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>process_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>getproc</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Get port name of current process server. See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/process.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/process.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>setproc</b> (process_t);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Set current process server.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>mach_port_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>getcttyid</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Get the CTTY port.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>setcttyid</b> (mach_port_t);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Set the CTTY port.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>kern_return_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>get_privileged_ports</b> (host_priv_t *host_priv_ptr, device_t *device_master_ptr);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Fetch the host privileged port and device master port from the process server.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>mode_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>getumask</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Get the current `umask' value without changing it (this glibc functions is available only under GNU Hurd.)</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>vpprintf</b> (io_t port, const char *format, va_list arg);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Write formatted output to PORT, a Mach port supporting the i/o protocol, according to the format string FORMAT, using the argument list in ARG.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>thread_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>hurd_thread_self</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <dd>Return the current thread's thread port. This is a cheap operation (no system call), but it relies on Hurd signal state being set up.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>error_t</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>hurd_thread_cancel</b> (thread_t thread);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Cancel pending operations on THREAD. If it is doing an interruptible RPC, that RPC will now return EINTR; otherwise, the "cancelled" flag will be set, causing the next <tt>hurd_check_cancel</tt> call to return nonzero or the next interruptible RPC to return <tt>EINTR</tt> (whichever is called first).</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dt><tt>int</tt></dt>
+  <dt><tt><b>hurd_check_cancel</b> (void);</tt></dt>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+  <dd>Test and clear the calling thread's "cancelled" flag.</dd>
+  <p>
+  </p>
+</dl>
diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index a373062c..fc42e862 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 * [[TestSuites]] - Posix, Perl, results feedback, etc.
 * [docs and papers](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html)
 * [[SystemAPILimits]]
-* [[Hurd/HurdSpecificGlibcApi]]
 * [[CodeAnnouncements]] - Recent coding projects related to the Hurd
 
 <dl>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 76222605cd893c77de969c6ff68626a5468ae367 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 16 Dec 2007 01:27:26 +0100
Subject: hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api: Markdown syntax.

---
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn | 10 +++++++---
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
index 0048a13f..aaaf8e2e 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-## <a name="Hurd_specific_glibc_API"> </a> Hurd-specific glibc API
+[[meta title="Hurd-specific glibc API"]]
 
-These functions have meaning only under Hurd. They are needed to get port names that are used in native Hurd API (the RPC calls to servers). The `.defs` and `.h` files can be found in
+These functions have meaning only under Hurd.  They are needed to get port
+names that are used in native Hurd API (the RPC calls to servers).  The `.defs`
+and `.h` files can be found in `/include/hurd` when all development files are
+installed (Debian package `hurd-dev`.)  Note that `.defs` are not included in C
+programs -- they are used to produce `.h` files.
 
-`/include/hurd` when all development files are installed (Debian package `hurd-dev`.) Note that `.defs` are not included in C programs - they are used to produce `.h` files.
+<!-- TODO.  Need to convert this to a proper table.  --tschwinge -->
 
 <dl>
   <p>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 77711284bb9c50813c8d195390c93a88a8749a99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 14:05:42 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index 84dfe7d0..7d818c56 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
   *Debian GNU/Hurd* by [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe
 - [[Status]]
+- [[BugReporting]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
 
 - Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
 - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c8fa47cd2a289e4e45a752f7a2f298d0e5639030 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 14:25:01 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck

---
 hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn b/hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83916e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+If you fixed a Debian package which FTBFS (fails to build from source), you should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
+
+If it is not a Debian-specific patch, you should strongly consider submitting the patch upstream for inclusion.  This applies even more so if it is a GNU package, or otherwise frequently used package, or you know upstream anyway.
+
+If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the Debian alioth patch tracker at http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse
+
+If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
+
+  
+ * Subject/But title should be "<source-package>: FTBFS on hurd-i386: <reason>"
+ * Severity: should be "important"
+ * Add "Tags: patch"
+
+In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php
+
+Then, explain the failure (Debian maintainers usually do not know much about Hurd-specific failures), and attach the patch.
+
+The patch should be in unidiff form.
+
+If the package uses a patch system, it is preferable to submit the patch in a ready to use form (e.g. as a dpatch), but this is not required. Also, try to keep the patch small, e.g. do not submit a 100k autotools diff for a one-line change in configure.in or a Makefile.am, but in this case mention that autotools need to be rerun and let the maintainer choose (you can suggest you would file a complete diff if the maintainer prefers)
+
+Last but not least, try to be courteous.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5771a775c35da91efe1a61e73be24ae59c8a6aec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 14:30:32 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index 7d818c56..e972f59c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 - [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
   *Debian GNU/Hurd* by [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe
 - [[Status]]
-- [[BugReporting]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
+- [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
 
 - Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
 - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9eae8a2f8291ad2ed822188c5144a61285508e7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 14:33:45 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: redone as
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83916e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+If you fixed a Debian package which FTBFS (fails to build from source), you should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
+
+If it is not a Debian-specific patch, you should strongly consider submitting the patch upstream for inclusion.  This applies even more so if it is a GNU package, or otherwise frequently used package, or you know upstream anyway.
+
+If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the Debian alioth patch tracker at http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse
+
+If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
+
+  
+ * Subject/But title should be "<source-package>: FTBFS on hurd-i386: <reason>"
+ * Severity: should be "important"
+ * Add "Tags: patch"
+
+In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php
+
+Then, explain the failure (Debian maintainers usually do not know much about Hurd-specific failures), and attach the patch.
+
+The patch should be in unidiff form.
+
+If the package uses a patch system, it is preferable to submit the patch in a ready to use form (e.g. as a dpatch), but this is not required. Also, try to keep the patch small, e.g. do not submit a 100k autotools diff for a one-line change in configure.in or a Makefile.am, but in this case mention that autotools need to be rerun and let the maintainer choose (you can suggest you would file a complete diff if the maintainer prefers)
+
+Last but not least, try to be courteous.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2ac159d271337ef53b9246401d02d704ff4bb9bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 14:41:32 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 83916e43..4ae118e1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not int
 If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
 
   
- * Subject/But title should be "<source-package>: FTBFS on hurd-i386: <reason>"
+ * Subject/But title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
  * Severity: should be "important"
  * Add "Tags: patch"
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4cf555959fee67900bbeec33f61f333b93f595fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 15:07:36 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: fix url links

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 4ae118e1..7f9c8265 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ If you fixed a Debian package which FTBFS (fails to build from source), you shou
 
 If it is not a Debian-specific patch, you should strongly consider submitting the patch upstream for inclusion.  This applies even more so if it is a GNU package, or otherwise frequently used package, or you know upstream anyway.
 
-If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the Debian alioth patch tracker at http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse
+If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the [Debian alioth patch tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse). 
 
 If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for su
  * Severity: should be "important"
  * Add "Tags: patch"
 
-In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php
+In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from <http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php>.
 
 Then, explain the failure (Debian maintainers usually do not know much about Hurd-specific failures), and attach the patch.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7c50a4f090d9713948bf548c44091a85e84310f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 22:07:41 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/bugreporting: Remove duplicate page.

---
 hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn | 30 ------------------------------
 1 file changed, 30 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn b/hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 83916e43..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/bugreporting.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-If you fixed a Debian package which FTBFS (fails to build from source), you should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
-
-If it is not a Debian-specific patch, you should strongly consider submitting the patch upstream for inclusion.  This applies even more so if it is a GNU package, or otherwise frequently used package, or you know upstream anyway.
-
-If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the Debian alioth patch tracker at http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse
-
-If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
-
-  
- * Subject/But title should be "<source-package>: FTBFS on hurd-i386: <reason>"
- * Severity: should be "important"
- * Add "Tags: patch"
-
-In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php
-
-Then, explain the failure (Debian maintainers usually do not know much about Hurd-specific failures), and attach the patch.
-
-The patch should be in unidiff form.
-
-If the package uses a patch system, it is preferable to submit the patch in a ready to use form (e.g. as a dpatch), but this is not required. Also, try to keep the patch small, e.g. do not submit a 100k autotools diff for a one-line change in configure.in or a Makefile.am, but in this case mention that autotools need to be rerun and let the maintainer choose (you can suggest you would file a complete diff if the maintainer prefers)
-
-Last but not least, try to be courteous.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bf1f2cac7b761bd888786232e26d4989917f982c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:05:15 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs: New.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn       |  1 +
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 4b25bdcf..2d60ecd3 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * [[random]]
 * [[emailfs]] -- email as a filesystem
 * [[cvsfs]]
+* [[tmpfs]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e063664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+`tmpfs` is a file system server for temporary data storage without using a real
+(permanent) [[backing_store]].
+
+It is based on `[[libdiskfs]]`.
+
+It's not working correctly at the moment.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 77a64a11077c0754f7916c626777b22b425c5ed4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:16:59 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing: New; retrieved from
 <http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/tmpfs_notes.txt>.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 82 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b28611f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
+$ sudo chmod ugo+x /servers/default-pager
+
+Then I get this error:
+tmpfs: /build/mbanck/hurd-20060825/build-tree/hurd/tmpfs/dir.c:62: diskfs_get_directs: Assertion `__builtin_offsetof (struct tmpfs_dirent, name) >= __builtin_offsetof (struct dirent, d_name)' failed.
+
+2. i rearranged the struct tempfs_dirent in tmpfs.h to line up with the struct dirent.  now the assert passes at line 62 of dir.c passes.
+ struct tmpfs_dirent
+ {
+   struct tmpfs_dirent *next;
+   struct disknode *dn;
++  char padding[3];
+   uint8_t namelen;
+   char name[0];
+ };
+
+now ls works on an empty directory.
+you can touch files, and run `ls' on them.
+mkdir, rmdir works too.
+fsysopts works
+df works
+
+3. creating a symlink fails.
+
+old patch to get symlinks working:
+http://www.mail-archive.com/bug-hurd@gnu.org/msg11844.html
+--- node.c.orig 2005-07-24 09:56:39.000000000 -0400
++++ node.c      2005-07-24 09:55:46.000000000 -0400
+@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@
+ create_symlink_hook (struct node *np, const char *target)
+ {
+   assert (np->dn->u.lnk == 0);
++  np->dn_stat.st_size = strlen (target);
+   if (np->dn_stat.st_size > 0)
+     {
+       const size_t size = np->dn_stat.st_size + 1;
+@@ -337,6 +338,7 @@
+       if (np->dn->u.lnk == 0)
+        return ENOSPC;
+       memcpy (np->dn->u.lnk, target, size);
++      np->dn->type = DT_LNK;
+       adjust_used (size);
+       recompute_blocks (np);
+     }
+@@ -380,8 +382,6 @@
+ error_t
+ diskfs_truncate (struct node *np, off_t size)
+ {
+-  if (np->allocsize <= size)
+-    return 0;
+
+   if (np->dn->type == DT_LNK)
+     {
+@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@
+       return 0;
+     }
+
++  if (np->allocsize <= size)
++    return 0;
++
+   assert (np->dn->type == DT_REG);
+
+   if (default_pager == MACH_PORT_NULL)
+
+now symlinks work.
+
+4. can't write data to a file
+
+
+--
+miscellaneous notes:
+
+diskfs_disk_name could be NULL, but it is "swap"
+
+using default_pager_object_set_size (np->dn->u.reg.memobj, size); to truncate and grow.
+
+why are our blocks 512?  shouldn't it something else?  or at least settable?
+or does libdiskfs demand this?
+
+diskfs_get_filemap_pager_struct (struct node *np) returns null.
+shouldn't it return default_pager?
+---
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 129a744a3a30553aa5aaa22475ba30fdc2cd1867 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:18:12 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing: Copyright is assigned to the FSF.

This was written by Ben Asselstine.
---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
index b28611f2..8aa48b44 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
 1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
 $ sudo chmod ugo+x /servers/default-pager
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ec6c76c41e257a0745f4bd9ea0458c98c55866c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:23:37 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing: Markdown syntax.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn | 144 ++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
index 8aa48b44..312c3342 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -6,85 +6,91 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
 
-1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
-$ sudo chmod ugo+x /servers/default-pager
-
-Then I get this error:
-tmpfs: /build/mbanck/hurd-20060825/build-tree/hurd/tmpfs/dir.c:62: diskfs_get_directs: Assertion `__builtin_offsetof (struct tmpfs_dirent, name) >= __builtin_offsetof (struct dirent, d_name)' failed.
-
-2. i rearranged the struct tempfs_dirent in tmpfs.h to line up with the struct dirent.  now the assert passes at line 62 of dir.c passes.
- struct tmpfs_dirent
- {
-   struct tmpfs_dirent *next;
-   struct disknode *dn;
-+  char padding[3];
-   uint8_t namelen;
-   char name[0];
- };
-
-now ls works on an empty directory.
-you can touch files, and run `ls' on them.
-mkdir, rmdir works too.
-fsysopts works
-df works
+1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by
+    that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
+
+        $ sudo chmod ugo+x /servers/default-pager
+
+    Then I get this error:
+
+        tmpfs: /build/mbanck/hurd-20060825/build-tree/hurd/tmpfs/dir.c:62: diskfs_get_directs: Assertion `__builtin_offsetof (struct tmpfs_dirent, name) >= __builtin_offsetof (struct dirent, d_name)' failed.
+
+2. i rearranged the struct tempfs_dirent in tmpfs.h to line up with the struct
+    dirent.  now the assert passes at line 62 of dir.c passes.
+
+         struct tmpfs_dirent
+         {
+           struct tmpfs_dirent *next;
+           struct disknode *dn;
+        +  char padding[3];
+           uint8_t namelen;
+           char name[0];
+         };
+
+    now ls works on an empty directory.
+    you can touch files, and run `ls' on them.
+    mkdir, rmdir works too.
+    fsysopts works
+    df works
 
 3. creating a symlink fails.
 
-old patch to get symlinks working:
-http://www.mail-archive.com/bug-hurd@gnu.org/msg11844.html
---- node.c.orig 2005-07-24 09:56:39.000000000 -0400
-+++ node.c      2005-07-24 09:55:46.000000000 -0400
-@@ -330,6 +330,7 @@
- create_symlink_hook (struct node *np, const char *target)
- {
-   assert (np->dn->u.lnk == 0);
-+  np->dn_stat.st_size = strlen (target);
-   if (np->dn_stat.st_size > 0)
-     {
-       const size_t size = np->dn_stat.st_size + 1;
-@@ -337,6 +338,7 @@
-       if (np->dn->u.lnk == 0)
-        return ENOSPC;
-       memcpy (np->dn->u.lnk, target, size);
-+      np->dn->type = DT_LNK;
-       adjust_used (size);
-       recompute_blocks (np);
-     }
-@@ -380,8 +382,6 @@
- error_t
- diskfs_truncate (struct node *np, off_t size)
- {
--  if (np->allocsize <= size)
--    return 0;
-
-   if (np->dn->type == DT_LNK)
-     {
-@@ -392,6 +392,9 @@
-       return 0;
-     }
-
-+  if (np->allocsize <= size)
-+    return 0;
-+
-   assert (np->dn->type == DT_REG);
-
-   if (default_pager == MACH_PORT_NULL)
-
-now symlinks work.
+    old patch to get symlinks working:
+
+        http://www.mail-archive.com/bug-hurd@gnu.org/msg11844.html
+        --- node.c.orig 2005-07-24 09:56:39.000000000 -0400
+        +++ node.c      2005-07-24 09:55:46.000000000 -0400
+        @@ -330,6 +330,7 @@
+         create_symlink_hook (struct node *np, const char *target)
+         {
+           assert (np->dn->u.lnk == 0);
+        +  np->dn_stat.st_size = strlen (target);
+           if (np->dn_stat.st_size > 0)
+             {
+               const size_t size = np->dn_stat.st_size + 1;
+        @@ -337,6 +338,7 @@
+               if (np->dn->u.lnk == 0)
+                return ENOSPC;
+               memcpy (np->dn->u.lnk, target, size);
+        +      np->dn->type = DT_LNK;
+               adjust_used (size);
+               recompute_blocks (np);
+             }
+        @@ -380,8 +382,6 @@
+         error_t
+         diskfs_truncate (struct node *np, off_t size)
+         {
+        -  if (np->allocsize <= size)
+        -    return 0;
+        
+           if (np->dn->type == DT_LNK)
+             {
+        @@ -392,6 +392,9 @@
+               return 0;
+             }
+        
+        +  if (np->allocsize <= size)
+        +    return 0;
+        +
+           assert (np->dn->type == DT_REG);
+        
+           if (default_pager == MACH_PORT_NULL)
+
+    now symlinks work.
 
 4. can't write data to a file
 
 
---
+---
+
 miscellaneous notes:
 
-diskfs_disk_name could be NULL, but it is "swap"
+`diskfs_disk_name` could be `NULL`, but it is `"swap"`
 
-using default_pager_object_set_size (np->dn->u.reg.memobj, size); to truncate and grow.
+using `default_pager_object_set_size (np->dn->u.reg.memobj, size);` to truncate and grow.
 
 why are our blocks 512?  shouldn't it something else?  or at least settable?
-or does libdiskfs demand this?
+or does [[libdiskfs]] demand this?
 
-diskfs_get_filemap_pager_struct (struct node *np) returns null.
-shouldn't it return default_pager?
----
+`diskfs_get_filemap_pager_struct (struct node *np)` returns null.
+shouldn't it return `default_pager`?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c3319f15a7b5343e38f2143cd5bdfef88ad5638b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:34:55 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various: New. Assembled from IRC logs.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn | 201 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 201 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e323a890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+    <antrik> hde: what's the status on tmpfs?
+    <hde> Broke
+    <hde> k0ro traced the errors like the assert show above to a pager problem.
+      See the pager cannot handle request from multiple ports and tmpfs sends
+      request using two differ ports, so to fix it the pager needs to be hacked
+      to support multiple requests.
+    <hde> You can enable debugging in the pager by changing a line from dprintf
+      to ddprintf I can tell you how if you want.
+    <antrik> and changing tmpfs to use a single port isn't possible?...
+    <hde> antrik, I am not sure.
+    <hde> IIRC k0ro was saying it cannot be changed and I cannot recall his
+      reasons why.
+    <sdschulze> antrik: Doing it the quick&dirty way, I'd just use an N-ary
+      tree for representing the directory structure and mmap one new page (or
+      more) for each file.
+    <hde> sdschulze, What are you talking about?
+    <sdschulze> hde: about how I would implement tmpfs
+    <hde> O
+    <azeem> sdschulze: you don't need to reimplement it, just fix it :)
+    <sdschulze> azeem: Well, it seems a bit more difficult than I considered.
+    <sdschulze> I had assumed it was implemented the way I described.
+    <hde> O and the assert above gets triggered if you don't have a
+      default-pager setup on /servers/default-pager
+    <hde> the dir.c:62 assert that is.
+    <azeem> hde: you sure?  I think I have one
+    <hde> I am almost sure.
+    <azeem> mbanck@beethoven:~$ showtrans /servers/default-pager
+    <azeem> /hurd/proxy-defpager
+    <azeem> isn't that enough?
+    <hde> It is suppose to be.
+    <hde> Try it as root
+    <hde> I was experiecing alot of bugs as a normal user, but according to
+      marcus it is suppose to work as root, but I was getting alot of hangs.
+    <azeem> hde: same issue, sudo doesn't work
+    <hde> sucky, well then there are alot of bugs. =)
+    <azeem> eh, no
+    <azeem> I still get the dir.c assert
+    <sdschulze> me too
+    <sdschulze> Without it, I already get an error message trying to set tmpfs
+      as an active translator.
+
+---
+
+    <hde> I think I found the colprit.
+    <hde> default_pager_object_set_size --> This is were tmpfs is hanging.
+    <hde> mmm Hangs on the message to the default-pager.
+
+---
+
+    <hde> Well it looks like tmpfs is sending a message to the default-pager,
+      the default-pager then receives the message and, checks the seqno.  I
+      checked the mig gen code and noticed that the seqno is the reply port, it
+      this does not check out then the default pager is put into a what it
+      seems infinte condition_wait hoping to get the correct seqno.
+    <hde> Now I am figuring out how to fix it, and debugging some more.
+
+---
+
+    <marco_g> hde: Still working on tmpfs?
+    <hde> Yea
+    <marco_g> Did you fix a lot already?
+    <hde> No, just trying to narrow down the reason why we cannot write file
+      greater then 4.5K.
+    <marco_g> ahh
+    <marco_g> What did you figure out so far?
+    <hde> I used the quick marcus fix for the reading assert.
+    <marco_g> reading assert?
+    <hde> Yea you know ls asserted.
+    <marco_g> oh? :)
+    <hde> Because, the offsets changed in sturct dirent in libc.
+    <hde> They added 64 bit checks.
+    <hde> So marcus suggested a while ago on bug-hurd to just add some padding
+      arrays to the struct tmpfs_dirent.
+    <hde> And low and behold it works.
+    <marco_g> Oh, that fix.
+    <hde> Yup
+    <hde> marco_g, I have figured out that tmpfs sends a message to the
+      default-pager, the default-pager does receive the message, but then
+      checks the seqno(The reply port) and if it is not the same as the
+      default-pagers structure->seqno then she waits hoping to get the correct
+      one.  Unfortantly it puts the pager into a infinite lock and never come
+      out of it.
+    <marco_g> hde: That sucks...
+    <marco_g> But at least you know what the problem is.
+    <hde> marco_g, Yea, now I am figuring out how to fix it.
+    <hde> Which requires more debugging lol.
+    <hde> There is also another bug, default_pager_object_set_size in
+    <hde> mach-defpager does never return when called and makes tmpfs hang. I
+    <hde> will have a closer look at this later this week.
+
+---
+
+    <hde> Cool, now that I have two pagers running, hopefully I will have less
+      system crashes.
+    <marcus> running more than one pager sounds like trouble to me, but maybe
+      hde means something different than I think
+    <hde> Well the other pager is only for tmpfs to use.
+    <hde> So I can debug the pager without messing with the entire system.
+    <hde> marcus, I am trying ti figure out why diskfs_object_set_size waits
+      forever.  This way when the pager becomes locked forever I can turn it
+      off and restart it.  When I was doing this with only one mach-defpager
+      running the system would crash.
+    <marcus> hde: how were you able to start two default pagers??
+    <hde> Well you most likely will not think my way of doing it was correct,
+      and I am also not sure if it is lol.  I made my hacked version not stop
+      working if one is alreay started.
+
+---
+
+    <hde> See, the default-pager has a function called
+      default_pager_object_set_size this sets the size for a memory object,
+      well it checks the seqno for each object if it is wrong it goes into a
+      condition_wait, and waits for another thread to give it a correct seqno,
+      well this never happens.
+    <hde> Thus, you get a hung tmpfs and default-pager.
+    <hde> pager_memcpy (pager=0x0, memobj=33, offset=4096, other=0x20740,
+      size=0x129df54, prot=3) at pager-memcpy.c:43
+    <hde> bddebian, See the problem?
+    <bddebian>  pager=0x0?
+    <hde> Yup
+    <hde> Now wtf is the deal, I must debug.
+    <hde>  -- Function: struct pager * diskfs_get_filemap_pager_struct
+    <hde>           (struct node *NP)
+    <hde>      Return a `struct pager *' that refers to the pager returned by
+    <hde>      diskfs_get_filemap for locked node NP, suitable for use as an
+    <hde>      argument to `pager_memcpy'.
+    <hde> That is failing.
+    <hde> If it is not one thing it is another.
+    <bddebian> All of Mach fails ;-)
+    <hde> It is alot of work to make a test program that uses libdiskfs.
+
+---
+
+    <bing> to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be
+      executable by that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
+    <bing> $ sudo chmod ugo+x /servers/default-pager
+    <bing> you can see the O_EXEC in tmpfs.c
+    <bing> maybe this is just a debian packaging problem
+    <bing> it's probably a fix to native-install i'd guess
+
+---
+
+    <bing> tmpfs is failing on default_pager_object_create with -308, which
+      means server died
+    <bing> i'm running it as a regular user, so it gets it's pager from
+      /servers/default-pager
+    <bing> and showtrans /servers/default-pager shows /hurd/proxy-defpager
+    <bing> so i'm guessing that's the server that died
+
+---
+
+    <bing> this is about /hurd/tmpfs
+    <bing> a filesystem in memory
+    <bing> such that each file is it's own memory object
+    <andar> what does that mean exactly?  it differs from a "ramdisk"?
+    <bing> instead of the whole fs being a memory object
+    <andar> it only allocates memory as needed?
+    <bing> each file is it's own
+    <bing> andar: yeah
+    <bing> it's not ext2 or anything
+    <andar> yea
+    <bing> it's tmpfs :-)
+    <bing> first off, echo "this" > that
+    <bing> fails
+    <bing> with a hang
+    <bing> on default_pager_object_create
+    <andar> so writing to the memory object fails
+    <bing> well, it's on the create
+    <andar> ah
+    <bing> and it returns -308
+    <bing> which is server died
+    <bing> in mig-speak
+    <bing> but if i run it as root
+    <bing> things behave differently
+    <bing> it gets passed the create
+    <bing> but then i don't know what
+    <bing> i want to make it work for the regular user
+    <bing> it doesn't work as root either, it hangs elsewhere
+    <andar> but it at least creates the memory object
+    <bing> that's the braindump
+    <bing> but it's great for symlinks!
+    <andar> do you know if it creates it?
+    <bing> i could do stowfs in it
+
+---
+
+    <antrik> bing: k0ro (I think) analized the tmpfs problem some two years ago
+      or so, remember?...
+    <antrik> it turns out that it broke due to some change in other stuff
+      (glibc I think)
+    <antrik> problem was something like getting RPCs to same port from two
+      different sources or so
+    <antrik> and the fix to that is non-trivial
+    <antrik> I don't remember in what situations it broke exactly, maybe when
+      writing larger files?
+    <bing> antrik: yeah i never understood the explanation
+    <bing> antrik: right now it doesn't write any files
+    <bing> the change in glibc was to struct dirent
+    <antrik> seems something more broke in the meantime :-(
+    <antrik> ah, right... but I the main problem was some other change
+    <antrik> (or maybe it never really worked, not sure anymore)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d803581b0017f72575e37a26180a35d31c28c7ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:38:59 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various: Copyright is assigned to the
 FSF.

People with substantial text contributions have Copyright papers on file at the
FSF for the GNU Hurd: hde -- Harley D. Eades III; bing -- Ben Asselstine.
---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index e323a890..8a73d9bf 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007
+  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
     <antrik> hde: what's the status on tmpfs?
     <hde> Broke
     <hde> k0ro traced the errors like the assert show above to a pager problem.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 88e34c49b3318676b0adadf24e71a0f4a2c8a94e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Dec 2007 23:48:29 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs: Inline subpages.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index 6e063664..5952b051 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -12,3 +12,9 @@ is included in the section entitled
 It is based on `[[libdiskfs]]`.
 
 It's not working correctly at the moment.
+
+[[inline
+pages="hurd/translator/tmpfs/*"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="hurd/translator/tmpfs" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fdcc65f2ce8784cf09b4fa81f458b7826fbdda86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Dec 2007 22:12:29 +0000
Subject: web commit by NealWalfield: Add link to [[security]]

---
 hurd/ng.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index c423dda9..db9a225d 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ A [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available.
 
 ## Concepts
 
+* [[security]]
 * [[CapabilityBasedMicrokernel]]
 * [[FirstClassReceiveBuffer]]
 * [[PowerBox]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 79a39158c57037a2589defd0c8f2485fa88f8e16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Dec 2007 22:18:24 +0000
Subject: web commit by NealWalfield: Create page.

---
 hurd/security.mdwn | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/security.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/security.mdwn b/hurd/security.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de75853d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/security.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Alan Karp [identifies][1] 11 security questions:
+
+  [1]: http://www.eros-os.org/pipermail/cap-talk/2007-December/009460.html
+
+ * Authentication    Who am I talking to?
+ * Authorization     What should I be able to do?
+ * Audit                     Who did that?
+ * Access control    Should this request be honored?
+
+ * Non-repudiation   Can I pretend I never said that?
+ * Confidentiality           Can others see what I'm seeing?
+ * Privacy                   Can others see that I'm seeing it?
+ * Integrity                 Can this data be changed?
+ * Anonymity                 Can others find out who I am?
+
+ * Denial of service         Can I be assured of access?
+ * Physical security         Who can touch it?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f82cb24050f88cf7de73fc6f038f08b0585f7aa3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 12:20:02 +0100
Subject: hurd/security: Fix UTF-8 encoding.

---
 hurd/security.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/security.mdwn b/hurd/security.mdwn
index de75853d..0871aab4 100644
--- a/hurd/security.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/security.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 [[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From de936a57d23b7352afeb6bd679c605ba350b12a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 12:28:18 +0100
Subject: hurd/security -> security.

---
 hurd/security.mdwn | 25 -------------------------
 security.mdwn      | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/security.mdwn
 create mode 100644 security.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/security.mdwn b/hurd/security.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 0871aab4..00000000
--- a/hurd/security.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
-
-Alan Karp [identifies][1] 11 security questions:
-
-  [1]: http://www.eros-os.org/pipermail/cap-talk/2007-December/009460.html
-
- * Authentication    Who am I talking to?
- * Authorization     What should I be able to do?
- * Audit                     Who did that?
- * Access control    Should this request be honored?
-
- * Non-repudiation   Can I pretend I never said that?
- * Confidentiality           Can others see what I'm seeing?
- * Privacy                   Can others see that I'm seeing it?
- * Integrity                 Can this data be changed?
- * Anonymity                 Can others find out who I am?
-
- * Denial of service         Can I be assured of access?
- * Physical security         Who can touch it?
diff --git a/security.mdwn b/security.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0871aab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+Alan Karp [identifies][1] 11 security questions:
+
+  [1]: http://www.eros-os.org/pipermail/cap-talk/2007-December/009460.html
+
+ * Authentication    Who am I talking to?
+ * Authorization     What should I be able to do?
+ * Audit                     Who did that?
+ * Access control    Should this request be honored?
+
+ * Non-repudiation   Can I pretend I never said that?
+ * Confidentiality           Can others see what I'm seeing?
+ * Privacy                   Can others see that I'm seeing it?
+ * Integrity                 Can this data be changed?
+ * Anonymity                 Can others find out who I am?
+
+ * Denial of service         Can I be assured of access?
+ * Physical security         Who can touch it?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0db5ace8ecb75e79dfbd46d3079dc54a642d4cd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 12:45:18 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs: Work around ikiwiki deficiency.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index 5952b051..6215ca1a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 `tmpfs` is a file system server for temporary data storage without using a real
 (permanent) [[backing_store]].
 
-It is based on `[[libdiskfs]]`.
+It is based on [[libdiskfs]].
 
 It's not working correctly at the moment.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 398dd4f2b3fbbcc3d6620eefcd18d81d02b11a58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 13:03:48 +0100
Subject: hurd/toolchain: New stub page.

---
 hurd.mdwn           |  3 ++-
 hurd/toolchain.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/toolchain.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 61329f97..694691b3 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -57,10 +57,11 @@
 # Developer References
 
 * [[Rules]]
+* [[Toolchain]]
+    * [[glibc]]
 * Libraries
   * [[libpager]]
   * [[libstore]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
-* [[glibc]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8ba710a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+* [[binutils]]
+* [[GCC]]
+* [[glibc]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c6fa728427308bcd7d0293ddd9769ff92124ad6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 13:32:09 +0100
Subject: hurd/binutils: New stub page.

---
 hurd/binutils.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/binutils.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/binutils.mdwn b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56918834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+[[General_information|/binutils]] about the binutils.
+
+There shouldn't be any differences within the binutils between, for example,
+the GNU/Hurd and GNU/Linux ports.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7cd56406d845a0bfedbcaa6dcfc6b553e3ae6bbe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 13:32:21 +0100
Subject: hurd/gcc: New stub page.

---
 hurd/gcc.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/gcc.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48d1b7fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+[[General_information|/gcc]] about the GCC.
+
+Apart from the target-specific configuration machinery, there shouldn't be any
+major differences within GCC between, for example, the GNU/Hurd and GNU/Linux
+ports.  Especially all the compiler magic is all the same.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 87995dfe56f2aae2a7ed445797bf4691a7702401 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 13:44:45 +0100
Subject: hurd/toolchain: Extend a tiny bit.

---
 hurd/toolchain.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
index d8ba710a..b36809f5 100644
--- a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -9,3 +9,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 * [[binutils]]
 * [[GCC]]
 * [[glibc]]
+
+Before beginning to work on the inner parts of the GNU/Hurd toolchain, it's
+always profitable to also know how things are done on other systems.  Compare,
+for example, how things are done differently for GNU/Hurd than they are done
+for GNU/Linux.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1bb5202e046ffc78bb1cbf3ae35890a6c1b8bf5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 14:45:59 +0100
Subject: mailinglists -> mailing_lists.  Add redirection from the old
 location.

---
 Hurd/SeenHurd.mdwn                     |  2 +-
 Mach/OskitMach.mdwn                    |  3 +-
 community.mdwn                         |  2 +-
 hurd/faq.mdwn                          |  2 +-
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn                 |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn                   |  2 +-
 index.mdwn                             |  4 +--
 mailing_lists.mdwn                     | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn         | 10 ++++++
 mailinglists.mdwn                      | 57 ++++++----------------------------
 mailinglists/unmoderated.mdwn          | 10 ------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn |  2 +-
 rules/savannah_group.mdwn              |  5 ++-
 13 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 mailing_lists.mdwn
 create mode 100644 mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 mailinglists/unmoderated.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/SeenHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/SeenHurd.mdwn
index 3b4c4bbd..be9e1aba 100644
--- a/Hurd/SeenHurd.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/SeenHurd.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 ## <a name="Hurd_People_Sightings"> Hurd People Sightings </a>
 
 <dl>
-  <dt>[[MailingLists]]</dt>
+  <dt>[[Mailing_lists]]</dt>
   <dd> Available mailing lists </dd>
   <dt>[[IRC]]</dt>
   <dd>
diff --git a/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn b/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn
index a1c3dab6..c28f2d89 100644
--- a/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn
+++ b/Mach/OskitMach.mdwn
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ concentrate on completely different microkernels (Coyotos being the current
 favourite), as well as on improving the original GNU Mach 1.x codebase.  (See
 also [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects]].)
 
-The [[MailingLists]], or the [[IRC]] is, like always, the best source of more current information.
+The [[mailing_lists]], or the [[IRC]] is, like always, the best source of more
+current information.
 
 There also exist other efforts:
 
diff --git a/community.mdwn b/community.mdwn
index e1db9a57..fabe6afd 100644
--- a/community.mdwn
+++ b/community.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ There is an expanding community of people developing and running test Debian
 GNU/Hurd machines.
 
 The two key resources most often used for communication are the Debian and GNU
-[[mailinglists]], as well as the [[IRC]].
+[[mailing_lists]], as well as the [[IRC]].
 
 [[community/Meetings]] -- Meetings with Hurd developer attendance.
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index 3f0cc7e5..6a9c1f64 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 In addition to the [general FAQ](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html#TOCfaq) there are the following typical newbie questions. (There is an [updated version](http://tuxou.ouvaton.org/hurd/) which is not official yet.)
 
-If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[MailingLists]] or the [[IRC]].
+If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]] or the [[IRC]].
 
 * **_You say GNU, don't you mean GNU/Hurd?_**
   * Yes and no. GNU refers to the system as a whole, while GNU/Hurd is more specific, saying that it is the GNU system running on the Hurd -- to differentiate it from the GNU system running on Linux, GNU/Linux. Also see [[GNU/GnuNames]]
diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
index a02d091f..72cfc3c2 100644
--- a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ use this wiki, etc.), show us that you did so when you
 ask your question, and provide as many relevant details as possible
 reproducing them as exactly as possible.
 
-* [[MailingLists]]
+* [[Mailing_lists]]
 * [[IRC]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index 0df6dc8e..78ae8001 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
 [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
-by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the [[*l4-hurd*_mailing_list|mailinglists]] in
+by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the [[*l4-hurd*_mailing_list|mailing_lists]] in
 November 2000.  It does not appear that he got any further than simply
 suggesting it as an alternative to [[microkernel/Mach]] and doing some reading.
 
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index da8a5c0b..091c6857 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ package from Debian experimental fixed this for me.  -->
 
 There are a couple of different [[Hurd_FAQs|hurd/FAQ]].
 There are a number of [[IRC_channels|IRC]] and several
-different [[mailing_lists|MailingLists]] with searchable archives.
+different [[mailing_lists]] with searchable archives.
 
 Before asking a question on a mailing list or on IRC, first, please try to
 answer your own question using a search engine and reading the introductory
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ This wiki is living proof of a working HURD installation, as it is served server
 
 Community resources for related projects focus around the official website
 <http://hurd.gnu.org/>, this site at <http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/>, the
-[[mailing_lists|MailingLists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
+[[mailing_lists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
 
 [[hurd/Status]]
 
diff --git a/mailing_lists.mdwn b/mailing_lists.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a854908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mailing_lists.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# On Posting
+
+Before asking a question on a list, first make an effort to find the answer
+to your question.  When you ask your question, (1) be details, and (2) demonstrate
+that you have made an effort, e.g., "I am having trouble frobbing the foo.  I
+searched the web and only found information regarding how to frob a bar, but
+that seems unrelated."
+
+List etiquette is to cc the sender and anyone **actively** involved in the
+discussion. Some people don't like this and they set their reply-to header
+appropriately.  Respect this.
+
+It is rarely appropriate to cc multiple lists.  Sometimes it is.  In that case,
+do so.  If in doubt, don't; just choose the single most appropriate list.
+
+
+# Main Lists
+
+The lists are [[unmoderated]] and most of them are hosted on
+<http://lists.gnu.org/>.  Try to post to the appropriate mailing list.
+
+* [bug-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-hurd) -- Technical
+  discussion and bug reports; main development list.
+* [hurd-devel](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/hurd-devel) -- Low-traffic
+  developers list.  (This list is *moderated* and *restricted*; subscribe to
+  [hurd-devel-readers](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/hurd-devel-readers)
+  instead.)
+* [help-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-hurd) -- Hurd-specific
+  questions; for users of the Hurd.
+* [web-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/web-hurd) -- Discussion of
+  the <http://hurd.gnu.org/> website and this wiki.
+
+* [l4-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/l4-hurd) -- Discussion
+  regarding a possible [[design_successor|hurd/ng]] to the Hurd.
+
+* [debian-hurd](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/) -- Discussion around
+  and questions regarding the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]]
+  distribution.
+* [gnu-system-discuss](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss)
+  -- Discussion about the [[GNU_system|hurd/running/gnu]].
+
+Some of the Hurd user groups listed on [[community]] also host additional
+mailing lists.
+
+
+# Related
+
+* [[IRC]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43fbe750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+In fact the lists *are* moderated for users that post from not-subscribed email
+addresses.  However, this moderation should be transparent to the poster, you
+only might notice some additional delay until your message shows up on the
+list, as it has to be handled manually.  Note that this is a one-time delay, as
+the address will be added to a white-list, so that further messages from the
+same sending address will get through immediatelly.
+
+So, to initiate a discussion you do not need to subscribe to the mailing list
+in question.  And people are very much encouraged to maintain the CC
+recipients, so that you'll also receive replys to your message.
diff --git a/mailinglists.mdwn b/mailinglists.mdwn
index 8a854908..8d040d84 100644
--- a/mailinglists.mdwn
+++ b/mailinglists.mdwn
@@ -1,48 +1,9 @@
-# On Posting
-
-Before asking a question on a list, first make an effort to find the answer
-to your question.  When you ask your question, (1) be details, and (2) demonstrate
-that you have made an effort, e.g., "I am having trouble frobbing the foo.  I
-searched the web and only found information regarding how to frob a bar, but
-that seems unrelated."
-
-List etiquette is to cc the sender and anyone **actively** involved in the
-discussion. Some people don't like this and they set their reply-to header
-appropriately.  Respect this.
-
-It is rarely appropriate to cc multiple lists.  Sometimes it is.  In that case,
-do so.  If in doubt, don't; just choose the single most appropriate list.
-
-
-# Main Lists
-
-The lists are [[unmoderated]] and most of them are hosted on
-<http://lists.gnu.org/>.  Try to post to the appropriate mailing list.
-
-* [bug-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-hurd) -- Technical
-  discussion and bug reports; main development list.
-* [hurd-devel](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/hurd-devel) -- Low-traffic
-  developers list.  (This list is *moderated* and *restricted*; subscribe to
-  [hurd-devel-readers](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/hurd-devel-readers)
-  instead.)
-* [help-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-hurd) -- Hurd-specific
-  questions; for users of the Hurd.
-* [web-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/web-hurd) -- Discussion of
-  the <http://hurd.gnu.org/> website and this wiki.
-
-* [l4-hurd](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/l4-hurd) -- Discussion
-  regarding a possible [[design_successor|hurd/ng]] to the Hurd.
-
-* [debian-hurd](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/) -- Discussion around
-  and questions regarding the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]]
-  distribution.
-* [gnu-system-discuss](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss)
-  -- Discussion about the [[GNU_system|hurd/running/gnu]].
-
-Some of the Hurd user groups listed on [[community]] also host additional
-mailing lists.
-
-
-# Related
-
-* [[IRC]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+
+[[meta redir=mailing_lists]]
diff --git a/mailinglists/unmoderated.mdwn b/mailinglists/unmoderated.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 43fbe750..00000000
--- a/mailinglists/unmoderated.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-In fact the lists *are* moderated for users that post from not-subscribed email
-addresses.  However, this moderation should be transparent to the poster, you
-only might notice some additional delay until your message shows up on the
-list, as it has to be handled manually.  Note that this is a one-time delay, as
-the address will be added to a white-list, so that further messages from the
-same sending address will get through immediatelly.
-
-So, to initiate a discussion you do not need to subscribe to the mailing list
-in question.  And people are very much encouraged to maintain the CC
-recipients, so that you'll also receive replys to your message.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index 7e8f19cb..8f4df98f 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
 please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
 
 If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to the
-[[*bug-hurd*_mailing_list|mailinglists]] stating what task you wish to work on,
+[[*bug-hurd*_mailing_list|mailing_lists]] stating what task you wish to work on,
 so that no duplicate efforts end up.
 
 # Task List
diff --git a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
index c913b28e..06d98fe6 100644
--- a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
+++ b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
@@ -14,6 +14,5 @@ There is no need to be a formal member of the GNU Hurd Savannah group in order
 to be able to contribute to the system.  In fact, if we added every single soul
 that was interested in the Hurd to the Savannah group it'd probably have
 exploded by now.  We have the policy of adding people as soon as they are
-beginning to make substantial contributions.  Simply use the
-[[mailing_lists|mailinglists]] for sending your contributions, for asking
-questions, and so on.
+beginning to make substantial contributions.  Simply use the [[mailing_lists]]
+for sending your contributions, for asking questions, and so on.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8220c7bbf402be21a85f8215947d1e72f9d8fdca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 16:46:48 +0100
Subject: contributing/questionnaire: Use the new interface for referring to
 specific mailing lists. hurd/ng/history: Likewise.
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects: Likewise.

---
 contributing/questionnaire.mdwn        | 2 +-
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
index 6402eb3a..1a45442e 100644
--- a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ items and spend some time thinking about those.
 
 
 Every new contributor is very much encouraged to take some notes about these
-items and post them to the [[*bug-hurd*_mailing_list|mailing_lists]].
+items and post them to *[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]*.
diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index 78ae8001..3d45192d 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
 [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
-by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the [[*l4-hurd*_mailing_list|mailing_lists]] in
+by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the *[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]]* mailing list in
 November 2000.  It does not appear that he got any further than simply
 suggesting it as an alternative to [[microkernel/Mach]] and doing some reading.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index 8f4df98f..d186a6de 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
 in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
 please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
 
-If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to the
-[[*bug-hurd*_mailing_list|mailing_lists]] stating what task you wish to work on,
+If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to
+*[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
 so that no duplicate efforts end up.
 
 # Task List
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1e65a4854dea649e4a04491a3a143dfaacb7ab68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 16:48:30 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/patch_submission: Typo.

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 7f9c8265..d621bef9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not int
 If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
 
   
- * Subject/But title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
+ * Subject/Bug title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
  * Severity: should be "important"
  * Add "Tags: patch"
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fc4b4aabe996ccc34a310e385f04854c5890a736 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 25 Dec 2007 11:44:17 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: Re-adjusted link.

---
 hurd/faq.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index 6a9c1f64..6bb6f55f 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]]
 * **_Will GNU work in Vmware?_**
   * It's highly recommended and easier to get a full image for Bochs. See [[Distrib]]
   * It didn't use to, [Hurd bootstrap fails](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200207/msg00069.html). Vmware is not [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) and it is [[Distrib/VmWare]]. We recommend to use [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) alternatives, like [[Distrib/BochsEmulator]].
-  * A faster, more widespread and [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) recent alternative is [QEMU](http://hurd.gnufans.org/bin/view/Distrib/QEMU). You can find more informations on [[running/QEMU]].
+  * A faster, more widespread and [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) recent alternative is [QEMU][[running/QEMU]]. You can find more informations on [[running/QEMU]].
   * If someone prefers using VMWare:
     * It works with VMWare Workstation 4.0.5 build-6030.
     * Running Debian GNU/HURD in VMWare works for me -- [[Main/MichaelAblassmeier]] - 03 Mar 2004
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9707cd0ee548a3a814142d98b7421b72dd7a68eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2008 17:05:16 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: Added usertags to pseudo-header

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index d621bef9..9bcca1d7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 [[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for su
 
   
  * Subject/Bug title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
- * Severity: should be "important"
+ * "Severity:" should be "important"
+ * "Version:" should be the version of the source package in unstable
  * Add "Tags: patch"
+ * Add "User: debian-hurd@lists.debian.org"
+ * Add "Usertags: hurd"
 
 In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from <http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php>.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4f95bd1ce2808871783f513604a35a6edbe944f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2008 17:10:12 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: Add submission address for people not
 using reportbug

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 9bcca1d7..8676767b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 [[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not int
 
 If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
 
-  
+ 
+ * The submission address is <submit@bugs.debian.org>
  * Subject/Bug title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
  * "Severity:" should be "important"
  * "Version:" should be the version of the source package in unstable
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f666a8776605e5a5858f9c5508740713b1942006 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 3 Jan 2008 11:29:45 +0100
Subject: Fix UTF-8.

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 8676767b..f2f20202 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 [[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cdf987b642c7cc34b91cee7a96ec9e8d71222d05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 3 Jan 2008 11:31:08 +0100
Subject: Add 2008 to the list of copyright years.

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index f2f20202..6c1471a0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 [[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f35ebbbd16d708fc947b50229dbca6318f7289c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Jan 2008 00:22:05 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: Mention official K16 QEMU image, K14->K16

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 10 ++++++----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 33b2309b..e5a1d49a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ This page discusses things for Unix systems, there is a separate page for
 
 # Readily Available Images
 
-(!) Note that these are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
+[Official Debian GNU/Hurd QMEU image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz)
+
+(!) Note that the following are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
 volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
@@ -16,8 +18,8 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 # What is Needed
 
 1. First thing is to install [[QEMU]].
-2. A [grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`.
-3. You will need a [Debian/Hurd installation CD](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd). K14 works fine.
+2. A [grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
+3. You will need a [Debian/Hurd installation CD](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd). K16 works fine.
 
 
 # Installing Debian/Hurd with QEMU
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ First off you will need to create a disk image using `qemu-img`. I have set mine
 
 Next you will want to start up QEMU and begin the installation process. The first time you run it you will want to use the `-boot d` option to boot off the cdrom.
 
-    $ qemu -hda hd0.img -cdrom debian-K14-hurd-i386-CD1.iso -fda floppy.img  -boot d
+    $ qemu -hda hd0.img -cdrom debian-K16-hurd-i386-CD1.iso -fda floppy.img  -boot d
 
 Now at his point do the regular install using `hd0` as your harddrive. Partition it and install the base system. Once you have finished installing the base system select the reboot option as this will ensure the disk is properly un-mounted. When the Debian CD menu comes up again simply close QEMU.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From edf23ddc2253683aeddff51a83df5be32dc1daa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Jan 2008 08:44:24 +0100
Subject: Typo.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index e5a1d49a..d710dae3 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ This page discusses things for Unix systems, there is a separate page for
 
 # Readily Available Images
 
-[Official Debian GNU/Hurd QMEU image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz)
+[Official Debian GNU/Hurd QEMU
+image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz)
 
 (!) Note that the following are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
 volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a3b32e924ccb0f6cc31c36ce7d3ea695bcc360ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2008 17:28:28 +0100
Subject: Make the GFDL 1.2+ licensing text toggleable.

---
 Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn                                   | 8 +++++---
 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn                                       | 8 +++++---
 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn                                      | 8 +++++---
 abac.mdwn                                                 | 8 +++++---
 about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn                | 8 +++++---
 asbestos.mdwn                                             | 8 +++++---
 binutils.mdwn                                             | 8 +++++---
 capability.mdwn                                           | 8 +++++---
 community.mdwn                                            | 6 ++++--
 community/facebook.mdwn                                   | 8 +++++---
 community/meetings.mdwn                                   | 6 ++++--
 community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn                       | 6 ++++--
 community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn                       | 6 ++++--
 community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn                       | 6 ++++--
 community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn                       | 6 ++++--
 community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn                         | 6 ++++--
 community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn                 | 8 +++++---
 config_edittemplate.mdwn                                  | 8 +++++---
 config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn                     | 6 ++++--
 confused_deputy.mdwn                                      | 8 +++++---
 contributing.mdwn                                         | 8 +++++---
 contributing/questionnaire.mdwn                           | 8 +++++---
 contributing/wiki.mdwn                                    | 8 +++++---
 designation.mdwn                                          | 8 +++++---
 destructive_interference.mdwn                             | 8 +++++---
 donate.mdwn                                               | 6 ++++--
 extensibility.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 gcc.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 gdb.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 gdb/backtrace.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 glibc.mdwn                                                | 8 +++++---
 how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn                       | 8 +++++---
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/binutils.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn             | 8 +++++---
 hurd/building/example.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 hurd/concepts.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/contributing.mdwn                                    | 8 +++++---
 hurd/critique.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                       | 8 +++++---
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn                                   | 8 +++++---
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn             | 8 +++++---
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn                                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn                              | 8 +++++---
 hurd/gcc.mdwn                                             | 8 +++++---
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn                                    | 8 +++++---
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                                     | 8 +++++---
 hurd/glibc.mdwn                                           | 8 +++++---
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn                         | 8 +++++---
 hurd/history.mdwn                                         | 8 +++++---
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                              | 8 +++++---
 hurd/libhello_example.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 hurd/libpager.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                                        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/logo.mdwn                                            | 8 +++++---
 hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn                                    | 8 +++++---
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn                                      | 8 +++++---
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn                               | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running.mdwn                                         | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn                 | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn            | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn                   | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn           | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn       | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn        | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn                   | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn                           | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn                 | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn           | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn                     | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn               | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn                         | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn               | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn                 | 6 ++++--
 hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn                     | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn                               | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn           | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn                         | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn           | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn                                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn                       | 8 +++++---
 hurd/status.mdwn                                          | 8 +++++---
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                                         | 8 +++++---
 hurd/toolchain.mdwn                                       | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator.mdwn                                      | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn                              | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn                             | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn                               | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn                               | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn                          | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn                              | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn                     | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn                  | 8 +++++---
 hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn                      | 8 +++++---
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn                             | 8 +++++---
 hurd/virtualization.mdwn                                  | 8 +++++---
 ibac.mdwn                                                 | 8 +++++---
 idl.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 index/discussion.mdwn                                     | 8 +++++---
 ipc.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 isolation.mdwn                                            | 8 +++++---
 liedtke.mdwn                                              | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn                               | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn                            | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn                     | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn                              | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn                     | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn                             | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn                            | 8 +++++---
 mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn                               | 8 +++++---
 mailinglists.mdwn                                         | 8 +++++---
 mechanism.mdwn                                            | 8 +++++---
 microkernel.mdwn                                          | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn                            | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                       | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn            | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                             | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn                  | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn            | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn                   | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn   | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                       | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn                    | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn  | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn                                 | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn              | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/port.mdwn                                | 8 +++++---
 microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn                                 | 8 +++++---
 naming_context.mdwn                                       | 8 +++++---
 persistency.mdwn                                          | 8 +++++---
 policy.mdwn                                               | 8 +++++---
 principal.mdwn                                            | 8 +++++---
 rpc.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 rules.mdwn                                                | 8 +++++---
 rules/savannah_group.mdwn                                 | 8 +++++---
 rules/source_repositories.mdwn                            | 8 +++++---
 security.mdwn                                             | 8 +++++---
 sfi.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 sidebar.mdwn                                              | 8 +++++---
 tcb.mdwn                                                  | 8 +++++---
 trust.mdwn                                                | 8 +++++---
 user/tschwinge.mdwn                                       | 6 ++++--
 user/vincentvikram.mdwn                                   | 8 +++++---
 virtualization.mdwn                                       | 8 +++++---
 155 files changed, 764 insertions(+), 454 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn b/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
index cbc3b8d4..21448e60 100644
--- a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=hurd/status]]
diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
index 07d5ebd9..c4e647e5 100644
--- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[toc ]]
 
diff --git a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
index f14a6939..dbd5c721 100644
--- a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation,
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Hurd is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels.
 
diff --git a/abac.mdwn b/abac.mdwn
index 1a0db406..a260a986 100644
--- a/abac.mdwn
+++ b/abac.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ABAC stands for authorization-based access control.
 In this model, access is not granted based on the
diff --git a/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn b/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
index 01f284e3..8c556261 100644
--- a/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
+++ b/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Some Quick Notes About the *TWiki to ikiwiki* Conversion
 
diff --git a/asbestos.mdwn b/asbestos.mdwn
index 838dfd0d..65ab391e 100644
--- a/asbestos.mdwn
+++ b/asbestos.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Asbestos is an operating system developed at MIT, Stanford
 and UCLA to explore information flow control policies.  The motivation
diff --git a/binutils.mdwn b/binutils.mdwn
index f74058a8..3e9e5889 100644
--- a/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/binutils.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU Binutils](http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/).
diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index bb849cae..8bb14f13 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A capability is a protected reference.  It is a reference in that
 it designates an object; it is protected in that in cannot be
diff --git a/community.mdwn b/community.mdwn
index 7a38fe93..030c9209 100644
--- a/community.mdwn
+++ b/community.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is an expanding community of people developing and running test Debian
 GNU/Hurd machines.
diff --git a/community/facebook.mdwn b/community/facebook.mdwn
index a6e9e558..b5340224 100644
--- a/community/facebook.mdwn
+++ b/community/facebook.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is [a Facebook group for the Hurd](http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=5141429597). If you're on Facebook, join it and say hello.
 
diff --git a/community/meetings.mdwn b/community/meetings.mdwn
index b43997b6..b67637e3 100644
--- a/community/meetings.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Upcoming
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
index e69453b9..984c6637 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2005>
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
index 8392fdf0..c775b658 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2006>
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
index e17cf9ae..c320c1fc 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2007>
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
index 0c10f79d..f6813b83 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2008>
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn b/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
index e02fbadf..74ad21c9 100644
--- a/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The 7th Rencontres Mondiales du Logiciel Libre (also known as Libre Software
 Meeting) will be held on July 4th-8th 2006 in Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy.
diff --git a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
index d34bf045..8559c662 100644
--- a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 On the weekend 2007-10-12 to 14 [[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] invited Hurd people.
 Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] came, as well as novice
diff --git a/config_edittemplate.mdwn b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
index e9502a55..24641bb5 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This page exists purely for configuring the [[iki plugins/edittemplate]]
 plugin.
diff --git a/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn b/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
index b69bb4fd..fe591ac7 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
 line.
diff --git a/confused_deputy.mdwn b/confused_deputy.mdwn
index ac4a9ede..16b3bebf 100644
--- a/confused_deputy.mdwn
+++ b/confused_deputy.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [The confused deputy](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/ConfusedDeputy.html)
 problem was articulated by Norm Hardy.  It is a possible consequence
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index b5d7b8e5..0d66980e 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 So, you are interested in contributing to the GNU/Hurd effort?
 
diff --git a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
index 1a45442e..3320b80a 100644
--- a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 People often come to us and state that they'd like to help with the GNU/Hurd.
 This is very good and very much encouraged: we're always looking for volunteers
diff --git a/contributing/wiki.mdwn b/contributing/wiki.mdwn
index ab12a68e..c34aa557 100644
--- a/contributing/wiki.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/wiki.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 (!) Some general hints first; they may sound very familiar from other software
 projects:
diff --git a/designation.mdwn b/designation.mdwn
index c9c7c166..4307ec5b 100644
--- a/designation.mdwn
+++ b/designation.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 To designate is to name.
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index 2ace1a33..c41e5a36 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Interference can be destructive or non-destructive.  When a [[principal]]
 invokes an object (thereby requesting a service) and the implementation
diff --git a/donate.mdwn b/donate.mdwn
index f2a4f307..954b4ee4 100644
--- a/donate.mdwn
+++ b/donate.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you feel like donating goods or money for the work the developers are doing,
 then we're happy to confirm that this is indeed possible.  Of course we'd
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index ba7359a0..1d6adc51 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
 means providing non-privileged mechanisms to extend existing objects and to
diff --git a/gcc.mdwn b/gcc.mdwn
index 7fdee301..93256f1b 100644
--- a/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU Compiler Collection](http://gcc.gnu.org/).
diff --git a/gdb.mdwn b/gdb.mdwn
index 36d096bc..83113f9e 100644
--- a/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/).
 
diff --git a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
index a8825d3b..9716a211 100644
--- a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
+++ b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 When someone asks you to supply a backtrace (from a [[segmentation_fault]], for
 example), here is roughly what you have to do.
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index 5a61812c..f6325ff8 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU C Library](http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/).
diff --git a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
index 88950834..89df20e5 100644
--- a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
+++ b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=contributing/wiki]]
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index 54dc8de2..cbb164c8 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 UIDs on the Hurd are separate from processes.  A process has
 [[capabilities|capability]] designating so-called UID vectors that
diff --git a/hurd/binutils.mdwn b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
index 56918834..97c93602 100644
--- a/hurd/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/binutils]] about the binutils.
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index fb02c507..11afc97f 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # `cross-gnu`
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
index 14852827..f75e9e3e 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 What happens if the external link goes down? Is there any way to store files
 within the wiki itself? --[[vincentvikram]]
diff --git a/hurd/building/example.mdwn b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
index 0adaf1f8..afa18d8a 100644
--- a/hurd/building/example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 I checked out the source code on my Ubuntu GNU/Linux system connected to the
 Internet using:
diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index cdbd60dd..e416f1e6 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Translator]]
 * [[Virtual_File_System]]
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
index 73550831..f083b9b8 100644
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Porting Applications
 
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 4db8726f..9770138e 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
 the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index f2f5dcd6..b84c5675 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Strategies
 
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index ea5ef857..98c31435 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [[GNU_debugger_*GDB*|/gdb]] works on GNU/Hurd
 systems as it does on other system, but has some additional [hurd-specific
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index b6beb9c5..62179f7d 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a [[system_server|translator]] can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
 can however still use GDB by using the [`set
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
index 2f758920..043da3e0 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Say you want to try running file system server (*[[translator/ext2fs]]*<!--`[[translator/ext2fs]]`-->,
 *[[translator/jfs]]*<!--`[[translator/jfs]]`-->, ...)  against a modified version of *[[libpager]]*<!--`[[libpager]]`--> and
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index 05003fab..68edca2f 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 *rpctrace* is -- roughly -- an equivavlent to Linux's *strace* or Solaris' or
 BSD's *truss*.  It is used to trace [[remote_procedure_call|rpc]]s a process is
diff --git a/hurd/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
index 48d1b7fc..3700b8b8 100644
--- a/hurd/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/gcc]] about the GCC.
 
diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
index 72cfc3c2..540dc851 100644
--- a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Essential Documentation
 
diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
index d8bdaf52..1faa94c5 100644
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=getting_help]]
diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
index 2d43425d..de85c03d 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/glibc]] about the glibc.
 
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
index aaaf8e2e..7333ec0d 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta title="Hurd-specific glibc API"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index d556b5d5..7ee5df5a 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <a href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html" target="_top">History 1997-2003</a></dt>
 <dd> Personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index b277fb5e..0cb96f32 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the [Hurd Hacking Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html)
 contains an overview of some of the Hurd's features. 
diff --git a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
index d5df45e3..9b4640e7 100644
--- a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Howto write a Hurd library
 
diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index f59d9a74..91beddfc 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach's [[microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism]].
 
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index b484accb..ab649ebc 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index b39a1525..b1030e50 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
 <http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
diff --git a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
index 9228d6ca..3298e07a 100644
--- a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 It is possible to run multiple instances of the Hurd
 in parallel, on a single instance of Mach.  Other than
diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index 3d45192d..b6008eec 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
 [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
index 901aae1a..3240a41d 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*Improving
 Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index a79e6b60..162bc9ea 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
index ad4fa9af..b8dc3cac 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # How to Installing Packages without a Network Connection from your Hurd Installation
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
index 805282c7..aed47445 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta title="2 GiB Partition Limit"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
index a0239787..462ba73d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta title="512 MiB RAM Limit"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
index f7070222..4a3b2dd2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta title="apt: unmount cdroms"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
index dac6c52a..eedb461d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you get the error `bad hypermeta data` when trying to mount an ext3
 partition from GNU/Linux, that is usually because the file system has not been
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
index 2f4ab8ce..997bfadb 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
 `libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
index 54148da9..e87513c4 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
 during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  Then
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
index 86cafa9b..0043699e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta title="/dev/random"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
index 591e26c8..be0df444 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is no `/etc/mtab`, so just running `df` will yield an error.  Pass `df` a
 path like `df /` or `df ./` to see the disk usage of that particular file
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
index 2f2c982d..c5c28d2d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
index 6bf52f93..3d5a6035 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Edit `/etc/default/hurd-console` to configure the Hurd console and enable it on
 bootup.  See [[console]] for further information about the Hurd console.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
index 22690ece..0962f3aa 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The kernel logs are written to `/dev/klog`.  Run `cat /dev/klog > foo` as root
 and hit `ctrl+c` after a few seconds to catch the logs.  You can do this only
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
index da9396e6..d824f779 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
 `/etc/apt/sources.list` contains a line like
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
index 7ae1c8c7..d2ffefeb 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
index adaaa9ac..5abac5ce 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Please try to reproduce bugs which are not obviously Hurd-specific on Debian
 GNU/Linux and then file them there.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
index 86eca791..3b98eddf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`.  Also
 make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
index 7464ed3b..5cf0ec11 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 You need to run `dpkg-reconfigure xserver-common` and select `Anybody` for
 starting X as there is no way to detect console users currently.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 6c1471a0..d15ae1a2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you fixed a Debian package which FTBFS (fails to build from source), you should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
index c5fb8da3..42379f45 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
index ac978b38..6ff32630 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Setup is very easy (You need a GNU/Linux system to install GNU, we are developing an installer for GNU and if you want to help us join us on [[http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss][gnu-system-discuss]]), just follow these steps ...
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 6f3c2f57..44e6b9ee 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Mission
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
index d2b2651c..61dbd414 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Welcome, This document is for getting you started in a few minutes.
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
index fc950118..8014e303 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## User mode network
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
index f897bb68..c0bd99e2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # SCP
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
index 25d90a13..0f15939e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Installation  
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
index 4fc4d673..65179cec 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 I find that this is all quite quick to try and that I can run through the
 ./native-install and reboot cycle twice OK.  However, at that point the
diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 38bbbe67..771b1c50 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The last official release of the Hurd was 0.2.  An 
 eminent release is not planned.  There are a number of
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index 8751b459..8816e312 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A sub-Hurd is like a [[neighbor_Hurd|neighborhurd]], however, makes use of some
 resources provided by another Hurd.  For instance, backing store and the
diff --git a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
index b36809f5..e94029ba 100644
--- a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[binutils]]
 * [[GCC]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 2d60ecd3..afc4dd0f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A translator is simply a normal program acting as
 an object server and participating in the Hurd's
diff --git a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
index 2f72b90e..0dd682bf 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Setting up cvsfs on GNU/Hurd - A step by step process
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
index dc05887c..04b58f33 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # How cool it would be if the email becomes similar to snail mail?
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
index dc4f9a81..b9f145e3 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Setting up translators - HowTo
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
index 9a5a9106..cfa8c997 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The `ext2fs` translator from the upstream Hurd code base can only handle file
 systems with sizes of less than roughly 2 GiB.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
index d1a4b69c..b534b97e 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The current `fatfs` translator is read-only.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
index d8539d6a..f6d0494b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The magic translator provides `/dev/fd`.
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
index 2790c601..acd7b855 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Notes about [[IPv6]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 739fd47c..37fabcb7 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has added IPv6 support to the pfinet [[translator]].
 This was [Savannah task #5470](http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?5470).
diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
index 58834ef1..49d70e1b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `storeio` is a *translator for devices and other stores*.
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index 6215ca1a..6d10c163 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `tmpfs` is a file system server for temporary data storage without using a real
 (permanent) [[backing_store]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
index 312c3342..2392bd61 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by
     that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index 8a73d9bf..90636b61 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
   Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     <antrik> hde: what's the status on tmpfs?
     <hde> Broke
diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
index 83ac7da1..170812ad 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Data User-Server Translator Example
 
diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index f3c2faaf..2902a26e 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Path names are resolved using a distributed protocol.
 No single entity is responsible for the resolution of
diff --git a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
index 1fff45ac..dfd6c375 100644
--- a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Olaf Buddenhagen has written a text about how [[/virtualization]] is applicable
 within Hurd systems:
diff --git a/ibac.mdwn b/ibac.mdwn
index 3e860a0c..5247c297 100644
--- a/ibac.mdwn
+++ b/ibac.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 IBAC stands for identity-based access control.
 In this access control scheme, access to a resource
diff --git a/idl.mdwn b/idl.mdwn
index 67c69830..60e3fea6 100644
--- a/idl.mdwn
+++ b/idl.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 An IDL is an interface definition language.  The most well-known is
 CORBA.  An IDL compiler takes a specification and generates stubs
diff --git a/index/discussion.mdwn b/index/discussion.mdwn
index c9a7517c..0e90244b 100644
--- a/index/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/index/discussion.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # TODO
 
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index c1e68a98..0e8d674a 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 IPC stands for interprocess communication.
 
diff --git a/isolation.mdwn b/isolation.mdwn
index 0e3e41c0..f43ae3d6 100644
--- a/isolation.mdwn
+++ b/isolation.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 When two [[principal]]s cannot affect each other, they are said to
 be isolated from one another.  Strictly speaking, if two principals
diff --git a/liedtke.mdwn b/liedtke.mdwn
index 95dacdcb..ca55eaf3 100644
--- a/liedtke.mdwn
+++ b/liedtke.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Liedtke is the father of [[microkernel/L4]].
diff --git a/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
index 12ac500c..11d4dfd1 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#bug-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
index 84d8721d..4df9e593 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#debian-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn b/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
index e8adb31f..30f22eab 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#gnu-system-discuss]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
index b424637d..ee7bc5e1 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#help-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
index 4dd74732..bb2b2fb3 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel-readers]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
index 0ff0bc6a..63299691 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
index 63b9aece..1c326586 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#l4-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
index ac7bced7..14a407b1 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 In fact the lists *are* moderated for users that post from not-subscribed email
 addresses.  However, this moderation should be transparent to the poster, you
diff --git a/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
index 7139db59..7a1abeb2 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists#web-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailinglists.mdwn b/mailinglists.mdwn
index 8d040d84..709b1771 100644
--- a/mailinglists.mdwn
+++ b/mailinglists.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=mailing_lists]]
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index 959ac003..6a96c656 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
 defines a mechanism as:
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index 39e31433..2670c78a 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642)
 that a microkernel attempts to minimize the mandatory part of the operating
diff --git a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
index bf9920e3..aed436e8 100644
--- a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Concepts
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index 6c72d951..4dc4837b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 - OSF's [Kernel Interface](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_interface.ps)
 - OSF's [Kernel Principles](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_principles.ps)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index 09a9919b..7ed1ca57 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach provides a so-called external pager [[mechanism]].  This
 mechanism serves to separate *managing memory* from *managing
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 30073a16..8da22938 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU Mach is currently used by the GNU [[Hurd]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
index 668a5977..a08384f0 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
index bb22dbff..6da05c5b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Compiling GNU Mach microkernel
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
index 0f550dcd..fa2a9d42 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
 [Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
index 4daae309..09882467 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # CPU Architecture
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
index 42d558f3..8c67e3e0 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta redir=hardware_compatibility_list]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index 6bed775f..35b5412a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
 * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index d186a6de..2b2c4678 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
   Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This page is a place to keep track of ideas about things that may be improved
 in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
index 67e341af..875bb8cd 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
   Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Restructure the tree in a sane way
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
index abe536a1..889fac2f 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/ipc]] about IPC.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
index 602280f7..7c1f68e4 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach's [[IPC]] mechanism allows for getting access to a message's sequence
 number.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
index df4420ab..77b1372f 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach ports are [[capabilities|capability]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
index 9db99e74..ecef86ee 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/rpc]] about RPC.
 
diff --git a/naming_context.mdwn b/naming_context.mdwn
index 14a9d9a0..9c701e71 100644
--- a/naming_context.mdwn
+++ b/naming_context.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Names are bindings to objects, however, to find an object
 given a name, the relation must be looked up in a
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index 1df99bc2..5bd4f524 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
 On Unix, files and directories are persistent but
diff --git a/policy.mdwn b/policy.mdwn
index 6111e077..f0a414f2 100644
--- a/policy.mdwn
+++ b/policy.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A policy is a rule that define what may or may not happens, not
 how it happens.  The latter is referred to as [[mechanism]].
diff --git a/principal.mdwn b/principal.mdwn
index 891c3224..897c0436 100644
--- a/principal.mdwn
+++ b/principal.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A principal is an accountable entity.  A principal may be
 a user.  On some computer systems, users are represented by their
diff --git a/rpc.mdwn b/rpc.mdwn
index 0878ac52..e60254d1 100644
--- a/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/rpc.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 RPC stands for remote procedure call.
diff --git a/rules.mdwn b/rules.mdwn
index 6f504532..d1a544e0 100644
--- a/rules.mdwn
+++ b/rules.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Source_repositories]]
 * [[Savannah_group]]
diff --git a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
index 06d98fe6..317ec49f 100644
--- a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
+++ b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/hurd/>
 
diff --git a/rules/source_repositories.mdwn b/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
index e38644b4..2ecc6fe6 100644
--- a/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 CVS repositories on Savannah, see <http://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd>.
 
diff --git a/security.mdwn b/security.mdwn
index 0871aab4..1bdc8c34 100644
--- a/security.mdwn
+++ b/security.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Alan Karp [identifies][1] 11 security questions:
 
diff --git a/sfi.mdwn b/sfi.mdwn
index 8384b55c..1a987290 100644
--- a/sfi.mdwn
+++ b/sfi.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 SFI stands for Software-Based Fault Isolation.  SFI is an [[isolation]]
 technique described by Wahbe et al. in their 1993 paper [Effcient
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 3a190f2b..fc7c4dc8 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]]
 
diff --git a/tcb.mdwn b/tcb.mdwn
index 7eba1fc1..d321a954 100644
--- a/tcb.mdwn
+++ b/tcb.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 TCB stands for trusted computed base.  Unqualified, the trusted
 computing base referrers to the set of components programs
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index 341e394b..46c762f0 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The word trust is used in a number of contexts with different technical meanings.
 Sometimes it is used to confuse, for instance trusted computing is rarely about
diff --git a/user/tschwinge.mdwn b/user/tschwinge.mdwn
index 6e07f880..b72f26f5 100644
--- a/user/tschwinge.mdwn
+++ b/user/tschwinge.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[meta title="Thomas Schwinge"]]
 
diff --git a/user/vincentvikram.mdwn b/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
index 5ef1979c..0b323729 100644
--- a/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
+++ b/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * Name: Vikram Vincent
 * Email: vincentvikram@swatantra.org
diff --git a/virtualization.mdwn b/virtualization.mdwn
index f099b3d3..b6fb0eb5 100644
--- a/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-[[meta license="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 See [[wikipedia Virtualization]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2d3ce55c554b4484978d04381970d5afdcb7405e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 28 Jan 2008 10:33:33 +0000
Subject: web commit by vincentvikram: Max. image size with QEMU.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index d710dae3..11e176eb 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 # Installing Debian/Hurd with QEMU
 
-First off you will need to create a disk image using `qemu-img`. I have set mine to 2 gigabytes, although you should be able to get away with less.
+First off you will need to create a disk image using `qemu-img`. I have set mine to 2 gigabytes, although you should be able to get away with less(Currently, the maximum disk image size one can create with QEMU is 4.5G).
 
     $ qemu-img create hd0.img 2G
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fc54b328dc205f693881aa8fd1337940e6c89787 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2008 16:21:09 +0100
Subject: Restore user pages of Bas Wijnen and Tom Bachmann.

---
 community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn                |  4 ++--
 community/meetings/self-organised_2008.mdwn        |  4 ++--
 hurd/ng/copyvsrevocablecopyvsmap.mdwn              |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn                           |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/firstclassreceivebuffer.mdwn               |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/howmuchconfinementdowewant.mdwn            |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/hurdishapplicationsforpersistence.mdwn     |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/pathmax.mdwn                               |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/permissionbits.mdwn                        |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/setuidvsconstructor.mdwn                   |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/sharedlibraries.mdwn                       |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/thepolycastinterface.mdwn                  |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/whatisacapability.mdwn                     |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/whatisaconstructor.mdwn                    |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/whatisaspacebank.mdwn                      |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/whatsinagroup.mdwn                         |  2 +-
 unsorted/AwarenessOfWhatHappens.mdwn               |  2 +-
 unsorted/FlexibilityForUser.mdwn                   |  2 +-
 unsorted/SecurityForUser.mdwn                      |  2 +-
 user.old/BasWijnen.mdwn                            | 22 ----------------------
 user.old/TomBachmann.mdwn                          | 20 --------------------
 user/baswijnen.mdwn                                |  3 +++
 user/tombachmann.mdwn                              |  3 +++
 24 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 user.old/BasWijnen.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 user.old/TomBachmann.mdwn
 create mode 100644 user/baswijnen.mdwn
 create mode 100644 user/tombachmann.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
index 12c9ed3a..c7d5bd3d 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Bruxelles.
 "Andrew Resch","?","?","?","?"
 "Ben Asselstine","?","?","?","?"
 "[[Barry_de_Freese|bddebian]]","?","?","?","?"
-"Bas Wijnen and girlfriend","yes","Friday","Monday","yes (two)"
+"[[Bas_Wijnen|baswijnen]] and girlfriend","yes","Friday","Monday","yes (two)"
 "Christian Dietrich","no","n/a","n/a","n/a"
 "Christopher Bodenstein","?","?","?","?"
 "Colin Leitner","no","n/a","n/a","n/a"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Bruxelles.
 "Thomas Bushnell","?","?","?","?"
 "[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]","plans to go","probably Friday (Thursday might also be possible)","Sunday or Monday","yes"
 "Tim Retout","plans to go","?","?","no"
-"Tom Bachmann","?","?","?","?"
+"[[Tom_Bachmann|tombachmann]]","?","?","?","?"
 "[[Vikram_Vincent|vincentvikram]]","no","n/a","n/a","n/a"
 "Wouter van Heyst","?","?","?","?"
 "Yoshinori K. Okuji","?","?","?","?"
diff --git a/community/meetings/self-organised_2008.mdwn b/community/meetings/self-organised_2008.mdwn
index 9558eb4d..e2805909 100644
--- a/community/meetings/self-organised_2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/self-organised_2008.mdwn
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 This meeting will be held in a to-be-determined place, at a to-be-determined time.  This page hopes to help finding a good time and place, and finding out who wants to come.
 
 ## Who wants to come?
-* Bas Wijnen (no preference for specific times)
-* Tom Bachmann (weekend in the middle of germany would be preferred)
+* [[Bas_Wijnen|baswijnen]] (no preference for specific times)
+* [[Tom_Bachmann|tombachmann]] (weekend in the middle of germany would be preferred)
 * Please add yourself here
 
 ## Who will come?
diff --git a/hurd/ng/copyvsrevocablecopyvsmap.mdwn b/hurd/ng/copyvsrevocablecopyvsmap.mdwn
index 9c99c0a1..0cda7e24 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/copyvsrevocablecopyvsmap.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/copyvsrevocablecopyvsmap.mdwn
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ TBD, see:
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00274.html>
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00023.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn b/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn
index 9e685e55..d04007c2 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/designgoals.mdwn
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Extensibility has often been a strong argument to support the multiserver approa
 
 However, I do believe there are benefits in multiserver environments you cannot get in a monolithic one, namely enhanced security and stability through protection boundaries. Also, whilst wanting to become adopted as general purpose OS, ngHurd still strives to allow for research also, so even according to the above-referenced paper extensibility is to be one of its goals.
 
-Therefore, I'd want to propose to weaken the impact of extensibility on the design, by lowering it to the category "Regular Goals". -- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 13 Dec 2006
+Therefore, I'd want to propose to weaken the impact of extensibility on the design, by lowering it to the category "Regular Goals". -- [[TomBachmann]] - 13 Dec 2006
 
 ## <a name="Regular_Goals"> Regular Goals </a>
 
diff --git a/hurd/ng/firstclassreceivebuffer.mdwn b/hurd/ng/firstclassreceivebuffer.mdwn
index c3cc3142..30087bf2 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/firstclassreceivebuffer.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/firstclassreceivebuffer.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see e.g. <http://coyotos.org/docs/ukernel/spec.html> and <http://www.coyotos.org/pipermail/coyotos-dev/2006-January/000391.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 31 Aug 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 31 Aug 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/howmuchconfinementdowewant.mdwn b/hurd/ng/howmuchconfinementdowewant.mdwn
index 663e5bbb..1963ae73 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/howmuchconfinementdowewant.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/howmuchconfinementdowewant.mdwn
@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@ Marcus started a challenge [5] to find a use case for non-trivial confinement th
 * [4] <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-05/msg00012.html>
 * [5] <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-04/msg00407.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 01 May 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 01 May 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/hurdishapplicationsforpersistence.mdwn b/hurd/ng/hurdishapplicationsforpersistence.mdwn
index 12861ecb..d785694b 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/hurdishapplicationsforpersistence.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/hurdishapplicationsforpersistence.mdwn
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ TBD, see:
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00081.html>; summary: passive translators started by the filesystem cannot be done right and persistence makes passive translators unnecessary
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/pathmax.mdwn b/hurd/ng/pathmax.mdwn
index 1c792937..1ea337e9 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/pathmax.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/pathmax.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-11/msg00038.html> and [Vulnerabilities in Synchronous IPC Designs](http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/shapiro03vulnerabilities.html)
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/permissionbits.mdwn b/hurd/ng/permissionbits.mdwn
index 1e1493df..eac00057 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/permissionbits.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/permissionbits.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see: <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-04/msg00231.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/setuidvsconstructor.mdwn b/hurd/ng/setuidvsconstructor.mdwn
index 44c5f7fa..87cce8df 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/setuidvsconstructor.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/setuidvsconstructor.mdwn
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ TBD, see e.g.:
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00167.html>
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00203.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/sharedlibraries.mdwn b/hurd/ng/sharedlibraries.mdwn
index 01b85df8..d4969420 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/sharedlibraries.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/sharedlibraries.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-12/msg00034.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/thepolycastinterface.mdwn b/hurd/ng/thepolycastinterface.mdwn
index 5d1fb8dc..702364cf 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/thepolycastinterface.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/thepolycastinterface.mdwn
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ see also:
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-02/msg00002.html>
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-02/msg00003.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 30 Apr 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 30 Apr 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn b/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
index 4d221a8e..4eeef6ee 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
@@ -75,4 +75,4 @@ Now this isn't much more complicated than the constructor which does:
 
 Therefore I am not so convinced that we want a constructor. It gets in the way of debugging, for example, and it doesn't really give any gain.
 
--- [[Main/BasWijnen]] - 13 Jun 2006
+-- [[BasWijnen]] - 13 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/whatisacapability.mdwn b/hurd/ng/whatisacapability.mdwn
index a4ed5ed8..f3a42dd8 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/whatisacapability.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/whatisacapability.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see e.g.: <http://www.eros-os.org/essays/capintro.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/whatisaconstructor.mdwn b/hurd/ng/whatisaconstructor.mdwn
index 3f05a37a..583babe9 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/whatisaconstructor.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/whatisaconstructor.mdwn
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ TBD, see:
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00157.html>
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-05/msg00056.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 16 May 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 16 May 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/whatisaspacebank.mdwn b/hurd/ng/whatisaspacebank.mdwn
index d7961210..607501db 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/whatisaspacebank.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/whatisaspacebank.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see e.g. <http://eros-os.org/design-notes/SpaceBank.html> or <http://eros-os.org/papers/shap-thesis.ps>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 31 Aug 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 31 Aug 2006
diff --git a/hurd/ng/whatsinagroup.mdwn b/hurd/ng/whatsinagroup.mdwn
index 122f2012..219f4ed0 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/whatsinagroup.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/whatsinagroup.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 TBD, see <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2006-03/msg00001.html>
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 20 Jun 2006
diff --git a/unsorted/AwarenessOfWhatHappens.mdwn b/unsorted/AwarenessOfWhatHappens.mdwn
index bd64c3de..4ba78999 100644
--- a/unsorted/AwarenessOfWhatHappens.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/AwarenessOfWhatHappens.mdwn
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ The user must know what the operations are he can perform in the operating syste
 
 _Awareness means that the user knows what happens._
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
diff --git a/unsorted/FlexibilityForUser.mdwn b/unsorted/FlexibilityForUser.mdwn
index 06263fab..71b05cfd 100644
--- a/unsorted/FlexibilityForUser.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/FlexibilityForUser.mdwn
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ The user must have a range of options available that support him to achieve an a
 
 _Flexibility means that the user controls what can happen **with** his resources._
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
diff --git a/unsorted/SecurityForUser.mdwn b/unsorted/SecurityForUser.mdwn
index 51e1f9da..739cc1ca 100644
--- a/unsorted/SecurityForUser.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/SecurityForUser.mdwn
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ The user must be sure that his actions have predictable consequences, even in th
 
 _Security means that the user controls what can happen **to** his resources._
 
--- [[Main/TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
+-- [[TomBachmann]] - 29 Apr 2006
diff --git a/user.old/BasWijnen.mdwn b/user.old/BasWijnen.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ee47324..00000000
--- a/user.old/BasWijnen.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-* Name: Bas Wijnen
-* Email: <shevek@fmfNOSPAM.nl>
-* Company Name:
-* Company URL:
-* Location: [[HurdUser]]
-* Country: Netherlands
-* Comment:
-
-**_Personal Preferences (details in %TWIKIWEB%.TWikiVariables)_**
-
-* Horizontal size of text edit box:
-  * Set EDITBOXWIDTH = 70
-* Vertical size of text edit box:
-  * Set EDITBOXHEIGHT = 17
-* Optionally write protect your home page: (set it to your %TWIKIWEB%.WikiName)
-  * Set ALLOWTOPICCHANGE =
-
-**_Related topics_**
-
-* %TWIKIWEB%.%WIKIPREFSTOPIC% has site-level preferences of %WIKITOOLNAME%.
-* %WEBPREFSTOPIC% has preferences of the %WIKITOOLNAME%.%WEB% web.
-* %WIKIUSERSTOPIC% has a list of other TWiki users.
diff --git a/user.old/TomBachmann.mdwn b/user.old/TomBachmann.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 45be2c9f..00000000
--- a/user.old/TomBachmann.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-* Name: [[TomBachmann]]
-* Email: [e\_mc\_h2@webNOSPAM.de](mailto:e_mc_h2@webNOSPAM.de)
-* Location: [[HurdUser]]
-* Country: Germany
-* Comment:
-
-**_Personal Preferences (details in %TWIKIWEB%.TWikiVariables)_**
-
-* Horizontal size of text edit box:
-  * Set EDITBOXWIDTH = 150
-* Vertical size of text edit box:
-  * Set EDITBOXHEIGHT = 40
-* Optionally write protect your home page: (set it to your %TWIKIWEB%.WikiName)
-  * Set ALLOWTOPICCHANGE =
-
-**_Related topics_**
-
-* %TWIKIWEB%.%WIKIPREFSTOPIC% has site-level preferences of %WIKITOOLNAME%.
-* %WEBPREFSTOPIC% has preferences of the %WIKITOOLNAME%.%WEB% web.
-* %WIKIUSERSTOPIC% has a list of other TWiki users.
diff --git a/user/baswijnen.mdwn b/user/baswijnen.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..170eeae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/baswijnen.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* Name: Bas Wijnen
+* Email: <shevek@fmfNOSPAM.nl>
+* Country: Netherlands
diff --git a/user/tombachmann.mdwn b/user/tombachmann.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..639df67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tombachmann.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* Name: Tom Bachmann
+* Email: <e_mc_h2@webNOSPAM.de>
+* Country: Germany
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9baa20117e20fd26c53751e73c47002e4fc2e9c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2008 14:24:45 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://arnebab.livejournal.com/

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 11e176eb..d4959664 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
   [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].
-* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of
-  another image.
+<!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
 
 # What is Needed
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 62840fd09e8d42dfc95dbb4873d0f6dd3eeaafe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2008 13:16:55 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://arnebab.livejournal.com/: reformulating to make
 the Debian releases sound more positive.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 771b1c50..30a63865 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -8,18 +8,25 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The last official release of the Hurd was 0.2.  An 
-eminent release is not planned.  There are a number of
-reasons for this. 
+The Hurd team doesn't create hurd-only releases, but instead relies 
+on a distribution done by folks from Debian. 
 
-One is that the Hurd is not sufficently stable or feature
+That Debian version closely tracks the progress of the Hurd 
+(and often includes many new features), 
+so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release. 
+
+[[Debian GNU/Hurd|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images 
+to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
+50% of the Debian software archive. 
+
+
+That said, the last official release of the Hurd was 0.2. 
+
+New official releases will be done, as soon as 
+the Hurd is sufficently stable and feature
 complete.  If an official release of the Hurd were made
 now, people would try the Hurd and be disappointed.  People
 already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
 well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it lessens the
 possibility that they will try the Hurd again in the future.
 
-Another reason is that, Debian provides a [[distribution|running/debian]] that
-closely tracks Hurd development (and often includes many
-new features).  Little is to be gained by making an official
-release.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f62c9af7462c7c1cdf41209cc557af46ea30ebf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2008 13:36:26 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://arnebab.livejournal.com/: reformulating to make
 the Debian releases sound more positive.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 30a63865..31c16228 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -19,8 +19,12 @@ so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release.
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
+The most recent version of the Debian port at the time of writing 
+is Debian GNU/Hurd K16. 
 
-That said, the last official release of the Hurd was 0.2. 
+
+That said, the last official release of the Hurd 
+without the Debian parts was 0.2 done in 1997. 
 
 New official releases will be done, as soon as 
 the Hurd is sufficently stable and feature
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e8a2c60fcaf4cdcefdb12a0ed98aa3788b6564d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2008 14:05:30 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://arnebab.livejournal.com/: link fixes

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 31c16228..5a529a0a 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ That Debian version closely tracks the progress of the Hurd
 (and often includes many new features), 
 so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release. 
 
-[[Debian GNU/Hurd|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images 
+[[Debian GNU Hurd|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images 
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1dcbe9e9f63af0f1f0682ae9a6808f72f2e5bc34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2008 00:33:15 +0100
Subject: hurd/status: Really fix link.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 5a529a0a..8fb8a20f 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ That Debian version closely tracks the progress of the Hurd
 (and often includes many new features), 
 so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release. 
 
-[[Debian GNU Hurd|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images 
+[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fc867b7ce1bc9aa213e237b289aded3ac93e6478 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2008 07:46:56 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://arnebab.livejournal.com/: link fixes

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 8fb8a20f..0d9b1bf8 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ That Debian version closely tracks the progress of the Hurd
 (and often includes many new features), 
 so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release. 
 
-[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images
+The Debian GNU/Hurd [[distribution|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images 
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a557877f5ff3e944d969363c7ab5285bd798c7cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2008 19:25:31 +0000
Subject: web commit by DavidSarahHopwood: minor

---
 hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn b/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn
index 1b7776f2..1dadb490 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 ## <a name="Rationale"> Rationale </a>
 
-When a request to one or more servers is needed from a server to process a request from it's client, and the client cancels it's request, there will be at least temporary resource leakage in the chain of servers.
+When a request to one or more servers is needed from a server to process a request from its client, and the client cancels its request, there will be at least temporary resource leakage in the chain of servers.
 
-If the last server in the chain completes processing and gives a response to it's client, there will be unnecessary CPU and memory usage from all the servers. And if one of the servers never completes, there will be permanent memory leakage.
+If the last server in the chain completes processing and gives a response to its client, there will be unnecessary CPU and memory usage from all the servers. And if one of the servers never completes, there will be permanent memory leakage.
 
 Timeouts are a way to avoid the permament memory leakage, at the cost of rendering the whole communication impossible above some system load. They also only bring the duration of the memory leakage from infinite to some time.
 
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Cancellation forwarding is a mechanism that can be used to propagate, without ad
 
 ## <a name="Protocol"> Protocol </a>
 
-* Each client that want to forward cancellation to it's server increment the protected payload of the FCRB for which a sender's capability has been given to the server, thus invalidating the capability.
-* Each server that wants to notice cancellation forwarding will set up a watchdog, and ask the kernel to send heartbeats. At each heartbeat, the watchdog check that the reply capability to the FCRB of the client is not invalid, with a Discrim capability.
+* Each client that want to forward cancellation to its server increment the protected payload of the FCRB for which a sender's capability has been given to the server, thus invalidating the capability.
+* Each server that wants to notice cancellation forwarding will set up a watchdog, and ask the kernel to send heartbeats. At each heartbeat, the watchdog checks that the reply capability to the FCRB of the client is not invalid, with a Discrim capability.
 
 ## <a name="Example"> Example </a>
 
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ Notation:
 ( T successfully treat the request, now goes completion )
 
 * T invokes c2
-* S reads the answer, and increment the PP of the FCRB-&gt;S
+* S reads the answer, and increments the PP of the FCRB-&gt;S
 * S invokes c1
-* C reads the answer, and increment the PP of the FCRB-&gt;C
+* C reads the answer, and increments the PP of the FCRB-&gt;C
 
 ### <a name="Uncomplete_operation_"> Uncomplete operation: </a>
 
 * C invokes a cap to S, giving S a cap c1 to a FCRB-&gt;C
-* S sets up a watchdog that check that discrim.classify(c1) != clVoid
+* S sets up a watchdog that checks that discrim.classify(c1) != clVoid
 * S invokes a cap to T, giving T a cap c2 to a FCRB-&gt;S
-* T sets up a watchdog that check that discrim.classify(c2) != clVoid
+* T sets up a watchdog that checks that discrim.classify(c2) != clVoid
 
 ( for any reason, C decides to stop, now goes cancellation )
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b6cf8760888b8a41da21f0a930731f74ac03624d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 13:16:30 +0000
Subject: web commit by nidhin

---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 44e6b9ee..453ad2bd 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -148,3 +148,6 @@ To join the project just list your name below.
    2. IsaacPraveen
    3. VikramVincent
    4. MaheshM
+   5. Nidhin Raghavan
+   6. Ajish.B
+   7. Ambili.B
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 34f1fd3866c8e3f53d9a25bbae30426e8224a7b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2008 18:29:41 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc: No esacping needed
 here for underscores.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
index 997bfadb..d28eccd7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
 `libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
 symbols by default (`/usr/lib/debug/lib/`), Debian's `libc0.3-dbg` stores only
 frame unwind information.  If you want to step into glibc while debugging, you
-need to add `LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/lib/debug` to GDB's environment.  If that
-still does not work, try `LD\_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/debug/libc.so.0.3` instead.  You
+need to add `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/debug` to GDB's environment.  If that
+still does not work, try `LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/debug/libc.so.0.3` instead.  You
 can add to GDB's environment via `set env FOO bar` from the GDB command line.
 
 It seems that this is no longer needed with the Debian glibc 2.5 packages, but
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 197087f513a3eed025ce4d25d6de1c6d184b0db3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pierre THIERRY <nowhere.man@levallois.eu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2008 14:30:43 +0100
Subject: Corrected cancellation forwarding protocol * Slightly better wording
 and some precisions * Added watchdog-free way

---
 hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn b/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn
index 1dadb490..6b2977c7 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/cancellationforwarding.mdwn
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
 
 ## <a name="Rationale"> Rationale </a>
 
-When a request to one or more servers is needed from a server to process a request from its client, and the client cancels its request, there will be at least temporary resource leakage in the chain of servers.
+When a request to a chain of one or more servers is needed from a server to process a request from its client, and the client cancels its request, there will be at least temporary resource leakage in the chain of servers.
 
 If the last server in the chain completes processing and gives a response to its client, there will be unnecessary CPU and memory usage from all the servers. And if one of the servers never completes, there will be permanent memory leakage.
 
-Timeouts are a way to avoid the permament memory leakage, at the cost of rendering the whole communication impossible above some system load. They also only bring the duration of the memory leakage from infinite to some time.
+Timeouts are a way to avoid the permament memory leakage, at the cost of rendering the whole communication impossible above some system load, hence opening a denial of service possibility. They also only bring the duration of the memory leakage from an infinite to an arbitrary finite time that may have no relation with the operations of the servers.
 
-Cancellation forwarding is a mechanism that can be used to propagate, without additional overt communication, the information that initial request has been cancelled.
+Cancellation forwarding is a mechanism that can be used to propagate, without additional overt communication, the information that initial request has been cancelled. It also bring the duration of the memory leakage to a finite time, but each server in the chain is able to use the protocol at key points of its operations (like before a costly operation), and because the protocol will not produce false positive results, it can be used at an arbitrary high frequency. The only tradeoff is between leakage time and checking overhead.
 
 ## <a name="Protocol"> Protocol </a>
 
 * Each client that want to forward cancellation to its server increment the protected payload of the FCRB for which a sender's capability has been given to the server, thus invalidating the capability.
-* Each server that wants to notice cancellation forwarding will set up a watchdog, and ask the kernel to send heartbeats. At each heartbeat, the watchdog checks that the reply capability to the FCRB of the client is not invalid, with a Discrim capability.
+* Each server that wants to notice cancellation forwarding will either set up a watchdog, and ask the kernel to send heartbeats, or decide for deterministic check points in its operations. At each heartbeat or check point, the server checks that the reply capability to the FCRB of the client is not invalid, with a Discrim capability.
 
 ## <a name="Example"> Example </a>
 
@@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ Notation:
 
 ----
 
--- [[Main/NowhereMan]] - 28 Apr 2006
+-- [[Main/NowhereMan]] — originally designed in April 2006
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8980716542d70597ea2659dfd52cd93d7057db6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2008 06:31:46 +0000
Subject: web commit by nidhin

---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 453ad2bd..009b26bf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ One goal is obviously choice of packaging and hence availability of more  packag
 
    * The GNU Hurd provides a lot of advanced features and functionalities. We aim to exploit those features. 
    * Combining translators with UnionFS gives a very exciting package manager. 
-   * We could use the good features of existing packaging systems like deb, rpm, ebuilds, ports ... plus unionfs and hurd translator is a compelling compination.
+   * We could use the good features of existing packaging systems like deb, rpm, ebuilds, ports ... plus unionfs and hurd translator is a compelling combination.
 
 With the increased flexibility in implementing filesystems as per the requirements, we can implement the functionality similar to apt-get, emerge or yum... (dependency tracking, versions tracking...) in the filesystem itself. 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4d2edbc3f94d2f9615e7520033b1bcc28406288f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 18:00:08 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/mboxfs: New stub page. hurd/translator: Link to it.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn        |  1 +
 hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index afc4dd0f..7f3029ce 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * [[ext2fs]]
 * [[fatfs]]
 * [[magic]]
+* [[mboxfs]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be959d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#mboxfs>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d1d81b04024d451cee3dd33b312aa18c454cedc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 18:01:28 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/xmlfs: New stub page. hurd/translator: Link to it.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn       |  1 +
 hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 7f3029ce..d5e725ad 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * [[fatfs]]
 * [[magic]]
 * [[mboxfs]]
+* [[xmlfs]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cff15f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#xmlfs>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f6f6b12d9c1cfe75826100ba04ea333db5a3da98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 18:03:08 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs: New stub page. hurd/translator: Link to it.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn        |  1 +
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index d5e725ad..bf30b452 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * [[emailfs]] -- email as a filesystem
 * [[cvsfs]]
 * [[tmpfs]]
+* [[procfs]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e53d0774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#procfs>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c4a1972dce8c76340291daaec6db940efa80da08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 19:05:08 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/unionfs: New stub page. hurd/translator: Link to it.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn         |  1 +
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index bf30b452..3f763013 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 * [[fatfs]]
 * [[magic]]
 * [[mboxfs]]
+* [[unionfs]]
 * [[xmlfs]]
 * ...
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..478fc3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#unionfs>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2704ec8f11a5dbb4d692535b971ee8540076c2b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2008 19:40:47 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/stowfs: New page, redirecting to unionfs#stowfs.
 hurd/translator/unionfs (stowfs): New stub.

---
 hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn  | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn |  6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..022e3d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta redir=unionfs#stowfs]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 478fc3db..7eee5245 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -9,3 +9,9 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#unionfs>
+
+
+<a name="stowfs"></a>
+# `stowfs`
+
+... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 87daec1d63381766ae09020f099874f7cf8ed456 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2008 07:13:41 +0000
Subject: web commit by https://id.mayfirst.org/dkg/

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
index 3b98eddf..4ae689bf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-You need to disable `PriviledgeSeperation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`.  Also
+You need to disable `PrivilegeSeparation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`.  Also
 make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 223adc426b9f0b761746a6febe212fd50356bca2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2008 23:31:16 +0100
Subject: community/gsoc/procfs/* -> hurd/translator/procfs/*

---
 community/gsoc/procfs/htop.mdwn     | 271 ------------------------------------
 community/gsoc/procfs/killall.mdwn  | 172 -----------------------
 community/gsoc/procfs/procps.mdwn   |  69 ---------
 community/gsoc/procfs/top.mdwn      | 121 ----------------
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn   |   3 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn         |   8 ++
 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn    | 271 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn | 172 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn  |  69 +++++++++
 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn     | 121 ++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 642 insertions(+), 635 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/procfs/htop.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/procfs/killall.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/procfs/procps.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/procfs/top.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/procfs/htop.mdwn b/community/gsoc/procfs/htop.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a0dc416..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/procfs/htop.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
-open("/proc/1/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/2/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/3/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/4/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/4/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/5/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/5/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/6/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/6/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/7/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/7/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/8/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/8/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/9/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/9/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/9/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/10/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/10/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/10/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/11/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/11/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/11/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/12/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/12/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/12/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/13/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/13/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/13/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/13/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/14/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/14/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/14/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/14/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/15/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/15/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/15/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/15/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/16/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/16/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/16/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/16/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/25/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/25/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/25/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/25/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/26/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/26/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/26/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/26/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/32/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/32/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/32/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/32/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/33/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/33/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/33/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/33/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1001/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1001/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1001/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1001/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1050/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1050/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1050/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1050/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1056/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1056/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1056/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1056/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1077/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1077/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1077/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1077/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1094/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1094/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1094/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1094/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/3321/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/3321/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/3321/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3321/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/3473/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/3473/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/3473/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3473/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3473/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4127/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4127/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4127/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4127/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4127/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4370/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4370/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4370/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4370/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4370/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4419/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4419/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4419/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4419/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4419/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4950/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4950/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4950/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4950/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6675/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6675/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6675/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6675/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6701/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6701/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6701/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6701/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6711/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6711/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6711/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6711/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6727/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6727/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6727/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6727/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6735/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6735/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6735/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6735/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6736/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6736/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6736/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6736/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6748/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6748/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6748/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6748/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6750/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6750/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6750/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6750/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6751/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6751/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6751/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6751/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6758/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6758/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6768/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6768/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6776/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6776/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6780/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6780/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6780/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6782/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6782/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6782/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6782/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6783/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6783/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6783/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6783/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6784/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6784/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6784/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6784/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6785/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6785/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6785/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6785/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6785/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6806/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6806/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6806/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6806/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6903/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6903/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6903/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6903/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6903/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6904/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6904/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6904/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6904/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6904/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-</pre>
diff --git a/community/gsoc/procfs/killall.mdwn b/community/gsoc/procfs/killall.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 588ba1c8..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/procfs/killall.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
-open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
-open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
-open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/4/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/4/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/6/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/6/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/9/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/10/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/11/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/12/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/13/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/13/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/14/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/14/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/15/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/15/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/16/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/16/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/25/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/25/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/26/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/26/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/32/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/32/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/33/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/33/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1001/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1001/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1050/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1050/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1056/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1056/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1077/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1077/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1094/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1094/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/3321/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/3321/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/3473/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/3473/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/3473/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4127/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4127/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4127/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4370/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4370/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4370/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4419/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4419/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4419/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4950/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4950/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6675/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6675/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6701/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6701/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6711/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6711/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6727/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6727/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6735/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6735/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6736/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6736/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6748/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6748/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6750/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6750/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6751/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6751/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/tty/drivers", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6780/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6782/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6782/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6783/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6783/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6784/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6784/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6785/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6785/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6785/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6806/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6806/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6873/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6873/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6873/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6874/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6874/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6874/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-</pre>
diff --git a/community/gsoc/procfs/procps.mdwn b/community/gsoc/procfs/procps.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 60b061a9..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/procfs/procps.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-
-open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
-
-open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
-
-open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
-
-open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
-
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-
-open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-
-open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-
-open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-
-open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-
-open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-
-open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-(...)
-
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-
-open("/proc/tty/drivers", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-(...)
-</pre>
diff --git a/community/gsoc/procfs/top.mdwn b/community/gsoc/procfs/top.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index b2c9547b..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/procfs/top.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 3
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/3/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/4/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/5/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/6/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/7/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/8/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/9/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/10/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/11/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/12/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/13/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/14/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/15/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/16/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/25/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/26/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/32/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/33/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1001/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1050/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1056/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1077/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1094/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3321/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3379/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3379/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4119/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4119/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4380/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4380/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4468/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4468/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4950/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6675/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6701/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6711/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6727/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6735/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6736/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6748/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6750/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6751/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6758/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6768/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6776/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6780/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6782/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6783/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6784/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6787/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6787/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6806/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6823/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6823/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6824/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6824/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6881/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6881/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6882/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6882/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-</pre>
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index 0c04354d..037e894a 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -214,8 +214,7 @@ locking works on the Hurd. Only general programming skills are required.
 
 Although there is no standard (POSIX or other) for the layout of the `/proc`
 pseudo-filesystem, it turned out a very useful facility in GNU/Linux and other
-systems, and many tools concerned with process management use it.  ([[`ps`|procfs/procps]], [[`top`|procfs/top]],
-[[`htop`|procfs/htop]], `gtop`, [[`killall`|procfs/killall]], `pkill`, ...)
+systems, and many tools concerned with process management use it.
 
 Instead of porting all these tools to use [[hurd/libps]] (Hurd's official method for
 accessing process information), they could be made to run out of the box, by
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index e53d0774..eb07a8f6 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -9,3 +9,11 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#procfs>
+
+  * [[`ps`|procps]]
+  * [[`top`|top]]
+  * [[`htop`|htop]]
+  * `gtop`
+  * [[`killall`|killall]]
+  * `pkill`
+  * ...
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a0dc416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<pre>
+open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
+open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
+open("/proc/1/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/2/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/3/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/3/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/4/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/4/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/4/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/5/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/5/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/6/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/6/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/7/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/7/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/8/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/8/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/9/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/9/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/9/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/10/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/10/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/10/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/11/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/11/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/11/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/12/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/12/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/12/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/13/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/13/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/13/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/13/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/14/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/14/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/14/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/14/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/15/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/15/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/15/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/15/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/16/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/16/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/16/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/16/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/25/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/25/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/25/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/25/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/26/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/26/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/26/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/26/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/32/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/32/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/32/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/32/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/33/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/33/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/33/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/33/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1001/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/1001/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/1001/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1001/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/1050/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/1050/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/1050/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1050/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/1056/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/1056/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/1056/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1056/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/1077/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/1077/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/1077/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1077/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/1094/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/1094/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/1094/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1094/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/3321/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/3321/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/3321/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/3321/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/3473/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/3473/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/3473/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/3473/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/3473/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/4127/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/4127/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/4127/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4127/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4127/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/4370/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/4370/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/4370/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4370/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4370/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/4419/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/4419/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/4419/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4419/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4419/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/4950/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/4950/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/4950/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4950/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6675/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6675/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6675/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6675/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6701/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6701/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6701/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6701/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6711/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6711/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6711/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6711/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6727/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6727/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6727/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6727/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6735/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6735/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6735/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6735/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6736/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6736/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6736/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6736/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6748/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6748/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6748/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6748/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6750/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6750/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6750/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6750/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6751/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6751/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6751/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6751/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6758/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6758/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6768/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6768/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6776/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6776/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6780/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6780/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6780/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6782/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6782/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6782/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6782/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6783/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6783/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6783/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6783/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6784/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6784/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6784/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6784/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6785/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6785/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6785/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6785/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6785/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6806/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6806/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6806/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6806/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6903/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6903/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6903/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6903/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6903/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+open("/proc/6904/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+open("/proc/6904/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
+open("/proc/6904/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6904/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6904/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
+</pre>
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..588ba1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<pre>
+open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
+open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
+open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
+open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
+open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/4/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/4/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/6/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/6/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+open("/proc/9/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/10/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/11/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/12/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/13/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/13/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/14/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/14/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/15/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/15/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/16/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/16/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/25/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/25/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/26/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/26/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/32/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/32/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
+open("/proc/33/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/33/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
+open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/1001/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/1001/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/1050/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/1050/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/1056/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/1056/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/1077/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/1077/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/1094/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/1094/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/3321/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/3321/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/3473/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/3473/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/3473/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/4127/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/4127/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/4127/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/4370/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/4370/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/4370/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/4419/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/4419/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/4419/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/4950/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/4950/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6675/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6675/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6701/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6701/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6711/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6711/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6727/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6727/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6735/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6735/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6736/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6736/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6748/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6748/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6750/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6750/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6751/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6751/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/tty/drivers", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6780/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6782/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6782/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6783/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6783/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6784/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6784/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6785/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6785/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6785/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6806/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6806/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6873/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6873/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6873/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+open("/proc/6874/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+open("/proc/6874/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+open("/proc/6874/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+</pre>
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60b061a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<pre>
+open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+
+open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
+
+open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
+
+open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
+
+open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+
+open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
+
+open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+
+open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+
+open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+
+open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+
+open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+
+open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+
+open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+(...)
+
+open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+
+open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+
+open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+
+open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+
+open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+
+open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
+
+open("/proc/tty/drivers", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+
+open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+
+open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
+
+(...)
+</pre>
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2c9547b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<pre>
+open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 3
+open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
+open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/3/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/4/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/5/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/6/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/7/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/8/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+open("/proc/9/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/10/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/11/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/12/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/13/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/14/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/15/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/16/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/25/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/26/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/32/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+open("/proc/33/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1001/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1050/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1056/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1077/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/1094/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/3321/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/3379/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/3379/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4119/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4119/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4380/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4380/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4468/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4468/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/4950/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6675/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6701/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6711/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6727/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6735/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6736/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6748/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6750/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6751/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6758/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6768/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6776/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6780/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6782/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6783/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6784/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6787/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6787/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6806/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6823/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6823/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6824/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6824/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6881/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6881/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+open("/proc/6882/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+open("/proc/6882/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
+</pre>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ab41bf3833c2bce9f976673e4c6ffa6de166d932 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2008 23:34:57 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs/htop: Proper formatting.  Simplify.
 hurd/translator/procfs/killall: Likewise. hurd/translator/procfs/procps:
 Likewise. hurd/translator/procfs/top: Likewise.

---
 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn    | 276 ++----------------------------------
 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn | 175 ++---------------------
 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn  |  72 ++--------
 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn     | 119 ++--------------
 4 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 593 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
index 7a0dc416..5228c702 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
@@ -8,264 +8,18 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
-open("/proc/1/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/2/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/3/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/4/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/4/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/5/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/5/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/6/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/6/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/7/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/7/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/8/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/8/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/9/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/9/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/9/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/10/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/10/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/10/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/11/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/11/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/11/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/12/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/12/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/12/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/13/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/13/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/13/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/13/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/14/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/14/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/14/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/14/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/15/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/15/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/15/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/15/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/16/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/16/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/16/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/16/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/25/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/25/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/25/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/25/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/26/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/26/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/26/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/26/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/32/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/32/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/32/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/32/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/33/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/33/status", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/33/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/33/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1001/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1001/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1001/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1001/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1050/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1050/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1050/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1050/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1056/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1056/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1056/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1056/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1077/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1077/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1077/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1077/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/1094/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/1094/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/1094/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1094/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/3321/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/3321/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/3321/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3321/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/3473/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/3473/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/3473/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3473/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3473/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4127/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4127/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4127/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4127/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4127/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4370/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4370/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4370/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4370/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4370/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4419/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4419/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4419/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4419/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4419/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/4950/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/4950/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/4950/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4950/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6675/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6675/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6675/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6675/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6701/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6701/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6701/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6701/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6711/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6711/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6711/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6711/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6727/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6727/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6727/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6727/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6735/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6735/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6735/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6735/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6736/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6736/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6736/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6736/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6748/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6748/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6748/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6748/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6750/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6750/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6750/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6750/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6751/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6751/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6751/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6751/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6758/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6758/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6768/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6768/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6776/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6776/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6780/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6780/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6780/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6782/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6782/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6782/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6782/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6783/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6783/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6783/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6783/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6784/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6784/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6784/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6784/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6785/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6785/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6785/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6785/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6785/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6806/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6806/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6806/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6806/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6903/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6903/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6903/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6903/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6903/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-open("/proc/6904/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-open("/proc/6904/status", O_RDONLY)     = 4
-open("/proc/6904/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6904/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6904/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 4
-</pre>
+    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+    open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
+    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
+    open("/proc/1/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+    open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+    open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+    open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+    open("/proc/2/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
+    open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
+    open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+    open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
+    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
index 588ba1c8..99790a36 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
@@ -8,165 +8,16 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
-open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
-open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
-open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/4/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/4/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/5/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/5/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/6/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/6/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/7/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/7/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/8/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/8/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-open("/proc/9/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-open("/proc/9/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/10/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/10/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/11/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/11/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/12/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/12/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/13/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/13/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/14/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/14/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/15/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/15/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/16/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/16/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/25/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/25/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/26/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/26/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/32/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/32/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 6
-open("/proc/33/status", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/33/cmdline", O_RDONLY)      = 6
-open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1001/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1001/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1050/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1050/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1056/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1056/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1077/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1077/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/1094/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/1094/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/3321/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/3321/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/3473/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/3473/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/3473/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4127/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4127/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4127/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4370/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4370/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4370/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4419/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4419/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4419/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/4950/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/4950/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6675/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6675/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6701/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6701/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6711/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6711/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6727/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6727/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6735/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6735/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6736/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6736/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6748/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6748/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6750/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6750/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6751/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6751/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/tty/drivers", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6780/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6782/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6782/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6783/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6783/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6784/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6784/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6785/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6785/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6785/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6806/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6806/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6873/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6873/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6873/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-open("/proc/6874/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-open("/proc/6874/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-open("/proc/6874/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-</pre>
+    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+    open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
+    open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
+    open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
+    open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
+    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+    open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+    open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+    open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+    open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
index 60b061a9..99790a36 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
@@ -8,62 +8,16 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-
-open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
-
-open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
-
-open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
-
-open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
-
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-
-open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-
-open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-
-open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-
-open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-
-open("/proc/3/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-
-open("/proc/3/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-(...)
-
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6758/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6758/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6768/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6768/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6776/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6776/cmdline", O_RDONLY)    = 6
-
-open("/proc/tty/drivers", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-
-open("/proc/6780/status", O_RDONLY)     = 6
-
-(...)
-</pre>
+    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+    open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
+    open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
+    open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
+    open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
+    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+    open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+    open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
+    open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
+    open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
+    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
index b2c9547b..f0030d61 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
@@ -8,114 +8,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-<pre>
-open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 3
-open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
-open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/3/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/3/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/4/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/4/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/5/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/5/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/6/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/6/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/7/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/7/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/8/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/8/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/9/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-open("/proc/9/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/10/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/10/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/11/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/11/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/12/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/12/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/13/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/13/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/14/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/14/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/15/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/15/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/16/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/16/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/25/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/25/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/26/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/26/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/32/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/32/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/33/stat", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-open("/proc/33/statm", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-open("/proc/1001/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1001/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1050/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1050/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1056/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1056/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1077/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1077/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/1094/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/1094/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3321/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3321/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/3379/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/3379/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4119/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4119/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4380/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4380/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4468/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4468/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/4950/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/4950/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6675/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6675/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6701/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6701/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6711/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6711/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6727/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6727/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6735/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6735/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6736/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6736/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6748/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6748/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6750/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6750/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6751/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6751/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6758/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6758/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6768/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6768/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6776/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6776/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6780/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6780/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6782/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6782/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6783/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6783/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6784/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6784/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6787/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6787/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6806/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6806/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6823/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6823/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6824/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6824/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6881/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6881/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-open("/proc/6882/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-open("/proc/6882/statm", O_RDONLY)      = 4
-</pre>
+    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
+    open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 3
+    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
+    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+    open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
+    open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
+    [...]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 83bd220337d740bcf082d9fee6ba8dccc169bb59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2008 00:11:40 +0100
Subject: community/gsoc/libchannel -> hurd/libchannel

---
 community/gsoc/libchannel.mdwn | 62 ------------------------------------------
 hurd.mdwn                      |  1 +
 hurd/libchannel.mdwn           | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/libchannel.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libchannel.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/libchannel.mdwn b/community/gsoc/libchannel.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 88fd9971..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/libchannel.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# libchannel
-
-*libchannel* was accepted as a project for [[Google_Summer_of_Code|gsoc]] (or
-just GSoC) in 2007.  It was written by Carl Fredrik Hammar who was mentored by
-Richard Braun.
-
-
-## Outline
-
-*libchannel* was intended to be used to cleanly and efficiently
-implement *channel* translators that would correspond to character
-device files.  In other words, translators for input devices, sound,
-network and the like.
-
-There are many cases where one wishes to stack translators over one
-another.  Take networking as an example, you may wish to have a pseudo
-network device that balance traffic over two real devices.
-
-The problem with stacking translators this way is that it's
-inefficient, for every RPC to the balancer a RPC is made to each of
-the real devices.  Now a RPC isn't really *that* expensive, but in a
-more complex example with more layers the overhead of these RPC's makes
-such a stacking infeasible.
-
-However, by using *libchannel* a translator can provide a description
-of what it does (i.e. the code and data it uses), which a translator
-layered untop can fetch and use directly.  Now only strictly required
-RPC's needs to be sent.
-
-
-## Result
-
-By the end of GSoC 2007, *libchannel* had mostly reached the initial
-goals.  There some code missing, most notably the code for
-transferring channels via RPC, but similar code was already present in
-*libstore* and can be trivially adapted for *libchannel*.  It also
-needed more debugging.
-
-Despite these minor deficiencies, the project was considered a
-success, never the less.
-
-
-## Future directions
-
-However, while *libchannel* matched the original specifications.  It's
-believed that it's too inflexible to make use of in many specific
-cases and that a more general solution is desired.  While the
-discussion isn't over yet, it seems *libchannel* will become a support
-library to implement specialized channel libraries, e.g. *libaudio*
-and *libnetwork* or similar.
-
-So work on *libchannel* will continue, in one form or another.
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 3fb0157c..1edf4d55 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 * Libraries
   * [[libpager]]
   * [[libstore]]
+  * [[libchannel]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3dff162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# libchannel
+
+*libchannel* was accepted as a project for [[Google_Summer_of_Code|community/gsoc]] (or
+just GSoC) in 2007.  It was written by Carl Fredrik Hammar who was mentored by
+Richard Braun.
+
+
+## Outline
+
+*libchannel* was intended to be used to cleanly and efficiently
+implement *channel* translators that would correspond to character
+device files.  In other words, translators for input devices, sound,
+network and the like.
+
+There are many cases where one wishes to stack translators over one
+another.  Take networking as an example, you may wish to have a pseudo
+network device that balance traffic over two real devices.
+
+The problem with stacking translators this way is that it's
+inefficient, for every RPC to the balancer a RPC is made to each of
+the real devices.  Now a RPC isn't really *that* expensive, but in a
+more complex example with more layers the overhead of these RPC's makes
+such a stacking infeasible.
+
+However, by using *libchannel* a translator can provide a description
+of what it does (i.e. the code and data it uses), which a translator
+layered untop can fetch and use directly.  Now only strictly required
+RPC's needs to be sent.
+
+
+## Result
+
+By the end of GSoC 2007, *libchannel* had mostly reached the initial
+goals.  There some code missing, most notably the code for
+transferring channels via RPC, but similar code was already present in
+*libstore* and can be trivially adapted for *libchannel*.  It also
+needed more debugging.
+
+Despite these minor deficiencies, the project was considered a
+success, never the less.
+
+
+## Future directions
+
+However, while *libchannel* matched the original specifications.  It's
+believed that it's too inflexible to make use of in many specific
+cases and that a more general solution is desired.  While the
+discussion isn't over yet, it seems *libchannel* will become a support
+library to implement specialized channel libraries, e.g. *libaudio*
+and *libnetwork* or similar.
+
+So work on *libchannel* will continue, in one form or another.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6a033288e4604e8ed2532573a80fd1114a7e1b68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 17:14:37 +0200
Subject: Start new page about the *resource management problems*.

---
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn                      |  9 ++++++---
 hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
index b6008eec..652bccf3 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
 [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
-by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the *[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]]* mailing list in
+by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list in
 November 2000.  It does not appear that he got any further than simply
 suggesting it as an alternative to [[microkernel/Mach]] and doing some reading.
 
-[[NealWalfield]] started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.
+Neal Walfield started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.
 He explains:
 
 > My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ He explains:
 > half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
 
 > Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
-> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The resource management problems
+> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The [[resource_management_problems]]
 > were what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
 > [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
 > description of the problems we have identified, see our [[critique]] in the
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ He explains:
 > aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
 > a number of security issues.
 
+A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
+[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
+
 > Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
 > that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
 > system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
diff --git a/hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..856afb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[microkernel/Mach]] interfaces do not allow for proper resource accounting,
+when a server allocates resources on behalf of a client.
+
+Mach can't do a good job at resource management, as it doesn't have enough
+information how resources are used: which data is important and which is
+discardable, for example.
+
+These issues are what Neal Walfield is working on with his new kernel
+[[microkernel/viengoos]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c691cb2ddef9a3ced4d5397b66641e881cde3b7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 2 Apr 2008 17:24:39 +0200
Subject: Yet more new stub pages.

---
 hurd/ng.mdwn                                         |  9 +++++----
 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn                        | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index db9a225d..22613f54 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ specification; indeed, much of the work is research oriented.
 
 These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
 
-* [[History]]
 
 # Why ngHurd
 
 This section explains the motivations behind the new design:
 
-* [[IssuesWithMach]]
-* [[IssuesWithL4Pistachio]]
-* [[LimitationsOfOriginalHurdDesign]]
+  * [[Issues_with_Mach]]
+  * [[Issues_with_L4_Pistachio]]
+  * [[Limitations_of_the_original_Hurd_design]]
+
+  * [[History]]
 
 
 # Work already done
diff --git a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb4de906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[Resource_management_problems]]
+  * [[Critique]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn b/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25f03372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[Critique]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3306593ab501f958f8255255aa907f94fdedc056 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2008 10:41:09 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://zzzyyyzzz.myopenid.com/

---
 hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
index 61dbd414..736adf62 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
@@ -42,3 +42,11 @@ Welcome, This document is for getting you started in a few minutes.
         to send ctrl alt del to the guest type "sendkey ctrl-alt-del" ... type
         "help" for a listing of all the options.
     * ctrl alt 1 - Hurd login console
+
+## QEmu Image Hangs on Boot
+The Debian GNU/Hurd K16 QEmu image hangs during the boot process. You may have better luck by converting the image to qcow format
+
+    ..\qemu-0.9.0-x86\qemu-img.exe convert debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img -O
+    qcow debian-hurd-k16-qemu.qcow
+    ..\qemu-0.9.0-x86\qemu.exe -L ..\qemu-0.9.0-x86 -m 512 -hda
+    debian-hurd-k16-qemu.qcow -localtime -M pc
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1fca01fcfb387173ff89cd9eb6114c65ae9eaabd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2008 09:02:25 +0000
Subject: web commit by nidhin

---
 hurd/auth.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/auth.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/auth.mdwn b/hurd/auth.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe591ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/auth.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
+use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
+when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
+copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
+contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0942e63d3fe9f3db07d91dbf139520ab68ba7036 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2008 12:39:26 +0200
Subject: Remove empty file.

---
 hurd/auth.mdwn | 23 -----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/auth.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/auth.mdwn b/hurd/auth.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fe591ac7..00000000
--- a/hurd/auth.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
-use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
-when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
-copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
-contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fcf5b6e8adff6c0307ee07631fa4677524a9a410 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 12 Apr 2008 22:50:33 +0000
Subject: web commit by SamuelThibault: Add resolv.conf configuration

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index d4959664..eab49b08 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -84,10 +84,11 @@ Some further notes about [[networking]] and home hints about
 If you just want to access the internet from within QEMU, you can setup pfinet for QEMU's user-networking:
 
     # settrans -afgp /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
+    # echo "nameserver 10.0.2.3" > /etc/resolv.conf
 
 (See also <http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC30>.)
 
-Outgoing internet connections should just work then, although you might have to setup nameservers in `/etc/resolv.conf` as well.
+Outgoing internet connections should just work then.
 
 If you want to connect from the host system to the Hurd system running in QEMU, you need to setup something more advanced, like bridged networking.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a73110840d0a7eb265ae1a33c29f1fd463ef02c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2008 01:19:10 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck: make it more clear that patches should be
 severity: important, not higher

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index d15ae1a2..0fd73b7b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for su
  
  * The submission address is <submit@bugs.debian.org>
  * Subject/Bug title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
- * "Severity:" should be "important"
+ * "Severity:" should be "important", **not "serious"**
  * "Version:" should be the version of the source package in unstable
  * Add "Tags: patch"
  * Add "User: debian-hurd@lists.debian.org"
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 64256651eacdfc0562d18c82e3884774dee5c34c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 5 May 2008 11:56:48 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fdb2dcdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Sata Disk Drives
+
+GNU Mach does not support SATA disk drives (/dev/sda etc. in GNU/Linux) natively, so using device:sd0s1 will not work, sd* devices are for SCSI drives only.  The only way to get those drives to work is to put them into compatibility mode in the BIOS, if such an option exists.  GNU Mach will then recognize them as hda etc.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f9a481f19a29197a395c69f58df098ba09f4a517 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 5 May 2008 17:41:52 +0000
Subject: web commit by MichaelBanck

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
index fdb2dcdd..929c08f0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Sata Disk Drives
-
 GNU Mach does not support SATA disk drives (/dev/sda etc. in GNU/Linux) natively, so using device:sd0s1 will not work, sd* devices are for SCSI drives only.  The only way to get those drives to work is to put them into compatibility mode in the BIOS, if such an option exists.  GNU Mach will then recognize them as hda etc.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3d7596e63d6a91276542f1341c52135def9fb980 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 18:32:59 +0000
Subject: web commit by http://getopenid.com/bfox2010

---
 hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn b/hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe591ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
+use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
+when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
+copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
+contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9bf4add68165e15001f0dc65465e76d1be687631 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 10:08:45 +0000
Subject: web commit by netriver

---
 hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8f739df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b16795040c05e888e8be895dba020488806ce2bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 15 Jun 2008 14:59:27 +0200
Subject: Remove empty pages.

---
 hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn                        | 23 -----------------------
 hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn |  9 ---------
 2 files changed, 32 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn b/hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fe591ac7..00000000
--- a/hurd/ng/microkernell4.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
-use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
-when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
-copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
-contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index f8f739df..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/distrib/debianaptoffline.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 71d16af69d1ef9c4541989e3f5f495a3bd6a49fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: arnebab <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2008 17:00:45 +0200
Subject: Status information cleaned up a bit.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 0d9b1bf8..b7088f91 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Hurd team doesn't create hurd-only releases, but instead relies 
-on a distribution done by folks from Debian. 
+on a distribution done by folks from **Debian**. 
 
 That Debian version closely tracks the progress of the Hurd 
 (and often includes many new features), 
 so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release. 
 
-The Debian GNU/Hurd [[distribution|running/debian]] offers livecds and qemu images 
+The Debian GNU/Hurd [[distribution|running/debian]] offers **livecds and qemu images** 
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ the Hurd is sufficently stable and feature
 complete.  If an official release of the Hurd were made
 now, people would try the Hurd and be disappointed.  People
 already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
-well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it lessens the
-possibility that they will try the Hurd again in the future.
+well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it would lessen the
+possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8d3457c8b71dfb7180740429bee53e54f687d2ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: arnebab <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Tue, 17 Jun 2008 17:04:12 +0200
Subject: Status information cleaned up a bit more.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index b7088f91..a84d7c45 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
 The most recent version of the Debian port at the time of writing 
-is Debian GNU/Hurd K16. 
+is **Debian GNU/Hurd K16**. 
 
 
 That said, the last official release of the Hurd 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 13cb1fb472bc55edabe9262ece9b5290488216a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwing@ikr.uni-stuttgart.de>
Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2008 10:52:23 +0200
Subject: New file [[hurd/io_path]], based on an email by Samuel Thibault,
 bug-hurd, 2008-03-27.

---
 hurd.mdwn         |  1 +
 hurd/io_path.mdwn | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/io_path.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 1edf4d55..ff1f2916 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -64,5 +64,6 @@
   * [[libstore]]
   * [[libchannel]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
+* [[IO_Path]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/io_path.mdwn b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96e6aa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# read
+
+  * [[glibc]]'s `read` is in `glibc/sysdeps/mach/hurd/read.c:__libc_read`.
+
+  * That calls `glibc/hurd/fd-read.c:_hurd_fd_read()`.
+
+  * That calls `__io_read`, which is an [[RPC]], i.e., that actually results
+    into the [[translator/ext2fs]] server calling
+    `hurd/libdiskfs/io-read.c:diskfs_S_io_read`.
+
+  * That calls `_diskfs_rdwr_internal`, which calls
+    `hurd/libpager/pager-memcpy.c:pager_memcpy`, which usually basically just
+    tell the kernel to virtually project the memory object corresponding to the
+    file in the caller process's memory.  No read is actually done.
+
+  * Then, when the process actually reads the data, the kernel gets the user
+    page fault (`gnumach/i386/i386/trap.c:user_trap`), which calls `vm_fault`,
+    etc., until actually getting to `gnumach/vm/vm_fault/vm_fault_page` which
+    eventually calls `memory_object_data_request`, which is an [[RPC]], i.e.,
+    that actually results into the [[translator/ext2fs]] server calling
+    `hurd/libpager/data-request.c:_pager_seqnos_memory_object_data_request`.
+
+  * That calls `hurd/ext2fs/pager.c:pager_read_page`, which looks for where the
+    data is on the disk, and eventually calls
+    `hurd/libstore/rdwr.c:store_read`, which eventually calls `device_read`,
+    which is an [[RPC]], i.e., that actually gets into the kernel calling
+    `gnumach/linux/dev/glue/block.c:device_read`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 02a956a1284e8869f92ffcb1ce5c4270576f121d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 16:29:11 +0200
Subject: Add copyright and license header.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 1d0401f5..f4b607bf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
 [[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
 See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 906ab2bbca3c3fb29a8a4efe4fbb21746fe51bb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:06:41 +0200
Subject: Stub page.

---
 hurd/documentation.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d431b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[FAQ]]
+
+  * <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 32c79b63c07cba227c116e23bf8b9e2b8c325fd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:08:07 +0200
Subject: hurd/faq: New FAQ infrastructure.

---
 hurd.mdwn               |  1 +
 hurd/faq.mdwn           | 62 ++++++++++++++-----------------------------------
 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 1edf4d55..65293498 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 * [[SeenHurd]] - Media references
 * [[Shopping]] - Hurd Gear
 * [[FunnyHurd]] - From a different Herd
+* [[FAQ]]
 
 # Understanding
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index 6bb6f55f..aab538d9 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,45 +1,17 @@
-In addition to the [general FAQ](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html#TOCfaq) there are the following typical newbie questions. (There is an [updated version](http://tuxou.ouvaton.org/hurd/) which is not official yet.)
-
-If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]] or the [[IRC]].
-
-* **_You say GNU, don't you mean GNU/Hurd?_**
-  * Yes and no. GNU refers to the system as a whole, while GNU/Hurd is more specific, saying that it is the GNU system running on the Hurd -- to differentiate it from the GNU system running on Linux, GNU/Linux. Also see [[GNU/GnuNames]]
-
-* **_What editor can I use?_**
-  * `nano` is the default editor on a fresh install, not `ae`.
-
-* **_Why can't I get the answers I need from Hurd hackers?_**
-  * This [document](http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html) may help you understand some developers attitudes and social norms.
-
-* **_Where are the virtual consoles I use when running GNU/Linux?_**
-  * You need to [use screen](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-6) instead, also available when running GNU/Linux.
-  * The [new console](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200209/msg00054.html) by Marcus Brinkmann could also be used. It supports the Alt-Fn keys for switching like in GNU/Linux. NOTE: that message has an error in the configuration steps, it says `/dev/vts` when it means `/dev/vcs`. A more up-to-date howto is [[console]].
-
-* **_What is a translator?_**
-  * The official FAQ [answers](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-2) this question by a reference to [hurd-doc-translator](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator).
-
-* **_Where's the sauce?_**
-  * It's on [Savannah](http://savannah.gnu.org). See also the [GNU Development Resources](http://www.gnu.org/software/devel.html), for more information.
-
-* **_What is this "libio" stuff?_**
-  * There was an ABI change for glibc0.3. It's recommended you reinstall your GNU/Hurd system if you run a system installed before the summer of 2002. This is a similar cause for the various Linux distributions who changed from libc5 to libc6 or glibc2 around 1998.
-
-* **_What is GNU Mach vs. oskit-mach?_**
-  * These are different versions of the Mach microkernel that supports the Hurd that runs on top of it. For more info, see [[Mach]]
-
-* **_What software is available for GNU?_**
-  * Most packages from [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) [GNU/Linux](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) which aren't linux-specific ([Packages That Won't Be Ported](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)) are expected to work on GNU/Hurd too. See the database in <http://packages.debian.org/>. Programs which need pthreads, including [GNOME](http://www.gnome.org), [KDE](http://www.kde.org), [Mozilla](http://www.mozilla.org), [OpenOffice](http://www.openoffice.org), [SDL](http://www.libsdl.org), etc. are being worked on currently using Neal Walfields libpthreads. See the [[Distrib/PortingIssues]] document for some common build problems and their solutions.
-  * If you can't fetch a package with "apt-get install ", try building it from source: "apt-get source  &amp;&amp; cd &lt;package\_dir&gt; &amp;&amp; debian/rules binary".
-  * As of January 2007, 50% of Debian packages have been ported on the Hurd. Of course, bug testing is welcome.
-
-* **_How do I initialize a serial console on the Hurd?_**
-  * You can try out the Serial Howto at <http://www.nongnu.org/thug/serial-howto.txt>
-  * For a real serial console at boot time you need to rebuild your GNUmach 1.x kernel. For more info see the Utah release notes at [http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html#serial\_console](http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html#serial_console)
-
-* **_Will GNU work in Vmware?_**
-  * It's highly recommended and easier to get a full image for Bochs. See [[Distrib]]
-  * It didn't use to, [Hurd bootstrap fails](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200207/msg00069.html). Vmware is not [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) and it is [[Distrib/VmWare]]. We recommend to use [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) alternatives, like [[Distrib/BochsEmulator]].
-  * A faster, more widespread and [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) recent alternative is [QEMU][[running/QEMU]]. You can find more informations on [[running/QEMU]].
-  * If someone prefers using VMWare:
-    * It works with VMWare Workstation 4.0.5 build-6030.
-    * Running Debian GNU/HURD in VMWare works for me -- [[Main/MichaelAblassmeier]] - 03 Mar 2004
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="GNU Hurd FAQ"]]
+
+[[inline
+pages="hurd/faq/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="hurd/faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6bb6f55f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+In addition to the [general FAQ](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html#TOCfaq) there are the following typical newbie questions. (There is an [updated version](http://tuxou.ouvaton.org/hurd/) which is not official yet.)
+
+If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]] or the [[IRC]].
+
+* **_You say GNU, don't you mean GNU/Hurd?_**
+  * Yes and no. GNU refers to the system as a whole, while GNU/Hurd is more specific, saying that it is the GNU system running on the Hurd -- to differentiate it from the GNU system running on Linux, GNU/Linux. Also see [[GNU/GnuNames]]
+
+* **_What editor can I use?_**
+  * `nano` is the default editor on a fresh install, not `ae`.
+
+* **_Why can't I get the answers I need from Hurd hackers?_**
+  * This [document](http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html) may help you understand some developers attitudes and social norms.
+
+* **_Where are the virtual consoles I use when running GNU/Linux?_**
+  * You need to [use screen](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-6) instead, also available when running GNU/Linux.
+  * The [new console](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200209/msg00054.html) by Marcus Brinkmann could also be used. It supports the Alt-Fn keys for switching like in GNU/Linux. NOTE: that message has an error in the configuration steps, it says `/dev/vts` when it means `/dev/vcs`. A more up-to-date howto is [[console]].
+
+* **_What is a translator?_**
+  * The official FAQ [answers](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-2) this question by a reference to [hurd-doc-translator](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator).
+
+* **_Where's the sauce?_**
+  * It's on [Savannah](http://savannah.gnu.org). See also the [GNU Development Resources](http://www.gnu.org/software/devel.html), for more information.
+
+* **_What is this "libio" stuff?_**
+  * There was an ABI change for glibc0.3. It's recommended you reinstall your GNU/Hurd system if you run a system installed before the summer of 2002. This is a similar cause for the various Linux distributions who changed from libc5 to libc6 or glibc2 around 1998.
+
+* **_What is GNU Mach vs. oskit-mach?_**
+  * These are different versions of the Mach microkernel that supports the Hurd that runs on top of it. For more info, see [[Mach]]
+
+* **_What software is available for GNU?_**
+  * Most packages from [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) [GNU/Linux](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) which aren't linux-specific ([Packages That Won't Be Ported](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)) are expected to work on GNU/Hurd too. See the database in <http://packages.debian.org/>. Programs which need pthreads, including [GNOME](http://www.gnome.org), [KDE](http://www.kde.org), [Mozilla](http://www.mozilla.org), [OpenOffice](http://www.openoffice.org), [SDL](http://www.libsdl.org), etc. are being worked on currently using Neal Walfields libpthreads. See the [[Distrib/PortingIssues]] document for some common build problems and their solutions.
+  * If you can't fetch a package with "apt-get install ", try building it from source: "apt-get source  &amp;&amp; cd &lt;package\_dir&gt; &amp;&amp; debian/rules binary".
+  * As of January 2007, 50% of Debian packages have been ported on the Hurd. Of course, bug testing is welcome.
+
+* **_How do I initialize a serial console on the Hurd?_**
+  * You can try out the Serial Howto at <http://www.nongnu.org/thug/serial-howto.txt>
+  * For a real serial console at boot time you need to rebuild your GNUmach 1.x kernel. For more info see the Utah release notes at [http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html#serial\_console](http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html#serial_console)
+
+* **_Will GNU work in Vmware?_**
+  * It's highly recommended and easier to get a full image for Bochs. See [[Distrib]]
+  * It didn't use to, [Hurd bootstrap fails](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200207/msg00069.html). Vmware is not [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) and it is [[Distrib/VmWare]]. We recommend to use [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) alternatives, like [[Distrib/BochsEmulator]].
+  * A faster, more widespread and [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) recent alternative is [QEMU][[running/QEMU]]. You can find more informations on [[running/QEMU]].
+  * If someone prefers using VMWare:
+    * It works with VMWare Workstation 4.0.5 build-6030.
+    * Running Debian GNU/HURD in VMWare works for me -- [[Main/MichaelAblassmeier]] - 03 Mar 2004
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 09b287224a299301f00850bd91479413fa178519 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:27:53 +0200
Subject: hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking: Split out of faq.en.in.

---
 faq.en.in                           | 36 -------------------------------
 hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/faq.en.in b/faq.en.in
index a9c1e436..86605132 100644
--- a/faq.en.in
+++ b/faq.en.in
@@ -27,42 +27,6 @@ license is included in the file COPYRIGHT.
 
 ? Generally Speaking
 
-??	Grammatically speaking, what is the Hurd?
-
-{NHW} ``Hurd'', as an acronym, stands for ``Hird of Unix-Replacing
-Daemons''.  Hird, in turn, stands for ``Hurd of Interfaces
-Representing Depth''.
-
-We treat ``Hurd'' as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires
-an article, as in ``the Hurd''.  For instance: ``The ext2 filesystem
-is provided by the Hurd, not by Mach.''  Note that all of the
-following are incorrect: ``Hurd'', ``HURD'', ``The HURD'', and ``the
-hurd''.
-
-We write ``the GNU Hurd'' instead of ``the Hurd'' when we want to
-emphasize that the Hurd is a GNU package.  Once this has been made
-clear, we usually use the shorter form, without ``GNU''.
-
-The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system
-servers, but also many more programs.  This system is called ``GNU'',
-or ``the GNU operating system''.  The GNU programs can also run on
-other operating system kernels.  We say ``GNU/Hurd'' when we want to
-put emphasis on the fact that this is the GNU system running on top of
-the Hurd, and to contrast it with the GNU/Linux system which is GNU
-using Linux as the kernel.
-
-Finally, there is ``Debian GNU/Hurd''. This refers to the distribution
-of the GNU system as created by the Debian developers.  For example:
-``What do you run on your laptop?  Debian GNU/Hurd, of course.''
-
-The French generally write ``le Hurd''--that is, they treat the
-name as masculine singular, capitalized as in English.
-
-When we are referring to the microkernel, we say ``Mach'' and use it
-as a proper noun.  For example: ``Mach uses the device drivers found
-in version 2.0.x of Linux.''  We sometimes say ``The Mach
-microkernel'' instead of just ``Mach''.
-
 ??	What mailing lists are there?
 
 {NHW} There are four principle mailing lists:
diff --git a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6073376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Grammatically speaking, what is the Hurd?"]]
+
+*Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons*.  *Hird*, in
+turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
+
+We treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an
+article, as in *the Hurd*.  For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by
+the Hurd, not by Mach.*  Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*,
+*HURD*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*.
+
+We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the Hurd* when we want to emphasize that
+the Hurd is a GNU package.  Once this has been made clear, we usually use the
+shorter form, without *GNU*.
+
+The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system servers,
+but also many more programs.  This system is called *GNU*, or *the GNU
+operating system*.  The GNU programs can also run on other operating system
+kernels.  We say *GNU/Hurd* when we want to put emphasis on the fact that this
+is the GNU system running on top of the Hurd, and to contrast it with the
+GNU/Linux system which is GNU using Linux as the kernel.
+
+Finally, there is *Debian GNU/Hurd*. This refers to the distribution of the GNU
+system as created by the Debian developers.  For example: *What do you run on
+your laptop?  Debian GNU/Hurd, of course.*
+
+The French generally write *le Hurd*--that is, they treat the name as masculine
+singular, capitalized as in English.
+
+When we are referring to the microkernel, we say *Mach* and use it as a proper
+noun.  For example: *Mach uses the device drivers found in version 2.0.x of
+Linux.*  We sometimes say *the Mach microkernel* instead of just *Mach*.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 01e4b0bde809191192aaafe406ef276d3f3f7e7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:31:27 +0200
Subject: hurd/faq/release: Direct to the status page.  Remove corresponding
 part of faq.en.in.

---
 faq.en.in             |  5 -----
 hurd/faq/release.mdwn | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/release.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/faq.en.in b/faq.en.in
index 86605132..fbf2c806 100644
--- a/faq.en.in
+++ b/faq.en.in
@@ -53,11 +53,6 @@ http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=hurd.
 - <hurd>/tasks
 - <hurd>/TODO
 
-??	When is the next release?
-
-{NHW} No one seems to know.  However, the Hurd is definitely runnable,
-try it and help us get there.
-
 ??	Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?
 
 {MB,FH} The distinction between `/' and `/usr' has historical reasons.
diff --git a/hurd/faq/release.mdwn b/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c93ba353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="When will the Hurd be released?"]]
+
+Next year.
+
+Save that, read about the Hurd's [[status]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b8532342d74521e43748548864dc903672008921 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:36:56 +0200
Subject: hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink: Split out of faq.en.in.

---
 faq.en.in                       | 11 -----------
 hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/faq.en.in b/faq.en.in
index fbf2c806..c673a0df 100644
--- a/faq.en.in
+++ b/faq.en.in
@@ -53,17 +53,6 @@ http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=hurd.
 - <hurd>/tasks
 - <hurd>/TODO
 
-??	Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?
-
-{MB,FH} The distinction between `/' and `/usr' has historical reasons.
-Back when Unix systems were booted from two tapes, a small root tape
-and a big user tape.  Today, we like to use different partitions for
-these two spaces.  The Hurd throws this historical garbage away.  We
-think that we have found a more flexible solution called union
-filesystems, which allow to create virtual filesystems which are the
-union of several other filesystems.  However, support for union
-filesystems is still in early development.
-
 ??	Why is there no information on the official website
 	about the Hurd port to L4 (Hurd/L4)?
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d78913fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?"]]
+
+The distinction between `/` and `/usr` has historical reasons.  Back when Unix
+systems were booted from two tapes, a small root tape and a big user tape.
+Today, we like to use different partitions for these two spaces.  The Hurd
+throws this historical garbage away.  We think that we have found a more
+flexible solution called union filesystems, which allow to create virtual
+filesystems which are the union of several other filesystems.  However, support
+for union filesystems is still in early development.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1bfda7ba08f7e941d9f7f28f83268b05362faaa9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:39:12 +0200
Subject: hurd/faq/l4: Split out of faq.en.in.

---
 faq.en.in        | 16 ----------------
 hurd/faq/l4.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/l4.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/faq.en.in b/faq.en.in
index c673a0df..ef8c97ac 100644
--- a/faq.en.in
+++ b/faq.en.in
@@ -53,22 +53,6 @@ http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=hurd.
 - <hurd>/tasks
 - <hurd>/TODO
 
-??	Why is there no information on the official website
-	about the Hurd port to L4 (Hurd/L4)?
-
-{OK} There is an ongoing effort to port the Hurd to the L4 microkernel
-family.  This will take time and the port is not in a releasable state
--- this is why there is no information about the L4 port on the
-website for the Hurd project <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd> other
-than this FAQ entry.
-
-The development of Hurd/L4 is being done in the `hurd-l4' module of
-the Hurd CVS repository. The `doc' directory contains a design
-document that is worth reading for anyone who wishes to learn more
-about Hurd/L4.  If you wish to follow the development or contribute
-patches to Hurd/L4, please subscribe to the l4-hurd@gnu.org mailing
-list <http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/l4-hurd>.
-
 ??	There is so much spam in GNU mailing lists!  Why?
 
 {OK} GNU mailing lists don't have spam filters so that anyone can post
diff --git a/hurd/faq/l4.mdwn b/hurd/faq/l4.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..185c713a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/l4.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Why is there no information on the official website about the
+Hurd port to L4 (Hurd/L4)?"]]
+
+There is an ongoing effort to port the Hurd to the L4 microkernel family.  This
+will take time and the port is not in a releasable state -- this is why there
+is no information about the L4 port on the website for the Hurd project
+<http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd> other than this FAQ entry.
+
+The development of Hurd/L4 is being done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd
+CVS repository.  The `doc` directory contains a design document that is worth
+reading for anyone who wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.  If you wish to
+follow the development or contribute patches to Hurd/L4, please subscribe to
+the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1c011a2c939283e4ab4465da7f2bc6448ca4e568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2008 16:29:11 +0200
Subject: Add copyright and license header.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 1d0401f5..f4b607bf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
 [[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
 See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6cd9a4eaedb9882db5ee2b6f48faaf63f8a5befe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2008 20:21:14 +0000
Subject: web commit by pjrm: Virtual consoles on GNU/Linux systems are
 provided by Linux and are nothing to do with gnu.

---
 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
index 6bb6f55f..2abb079c 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]]
 * **_Why can't I get the answers I need from Hurd hackers?_**
   * This [document](http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html) may help you understand some developers attitudes and social norms.
 
-* **_Where are the virtual consoles I use when running GNU/Linux?_**
+* **_Where are the virtual consoles I use when running Linux?_**
   * You need to [use screen](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-6) instead, also available when running GNU/Linux.
   * The [new console](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200209/msg00054.html) by Marcus Brinkmann could also be used. It supports the Alt-Fn keys for switching like in GNU/Linux. NOTE: that message has an error in the configuration steps, it says `/dev/vts` when it means `/dev/vcs`. A more up-to-date howto is [[console]].
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 437279dfbf8f031d19b3a400de96584363f58fc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GNU Hurd wiki engine <web-hurd@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2008 20:23:26 +0000
Subject: web commit by pjrm: Virtual consoles on GNU/Linux systems are
 provided by Linux and are nothing to do with gnu.

---
 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
index 2abb079c..1bcc09a0 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]]
 
 * **_Where are the virtual consoles I use when running Linux?_**
   * You need to [use screen](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-6) instead, also available when running GNU/Linux.
-  * The [new console](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200209/msg00054.html) by Marcus Brinkmann could also be used. It supports the Alt-Fn keys for switching like in GNU/Linux. NOTE: that message has an error in the configuration steps, it says `/dev/vts` when it means `/dev/vcs`. A more up-to-date howto is [[console]].
+  * The [new console](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200209/msg00054.html) by Marcus Brinkmann could also be used. It supports the Alt-Fn keys for switching like in Linux. NOTE: that message has an error in the configuration steps, it says `/dev/vts` when it means `/dev/vcs`. A more up-to-date howto is [[console]].
 
 * **_What is a translator?_**
   * The official FAQ [answers](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/faq.en.html#q4-2) this question by a reference to [hurd-doc-translator](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3b44aa0aa790cc501f15308f4d5b86c97f0ab0b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pjrm <pjrm@web>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2008 05:44:55 +0000
Subject: Add link to L4 verification.  (Feel free to move to a better page,
 e.g. up a level once it has some other text.)

---
 hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
index 40fd6e9d..e6b2fe8e 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # <a name="The_Coyotos_microkernel"> The Coyotos microkernel </a>
 
-[Coyotos](http://www.coyotos.org/index.html) is a microkernel and OS and the successor of EROS, that itself is the successor of KeyKOS. A more complete history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html). It's main objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of EROS, demonstrate that an atomic kernel design scales well and to completely formally verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new language called bitc.
+[Coyotos](http://www.coyotos.org/index.html) is a microkernel and OS and the successor of EROS, that itself is the successor of KeyKOS. A more complete history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html). Its main objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of EROS, demonstrate that an atomic kernel design scales well, and (eventually) to completely formally verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new language called bitc.  [See [l4.verified](http://nicta.com.au/research/projects/l4.verified) for work on formally verifying an L4 microkernel.]
 
 Coyotos is an orthogonally persistent pure capability system. It uses continuation based unbuffered asynchronous IPC (actually it's synchronous IPC whith asynchronous syscalls).
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2ddd53f4463ee8ba0bab65be7a10efcbad3a27c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pjrm <pjrm@web>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2008 05:50:15 +0000
Subject: Add link for bitc.

---
 hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
index e6b2fe8e..cdf4e1bf 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # <a name="The_Coyotos_microkernel"> The Coyotos microkernel </a>
 
-[Coyotos](http://www.coyotos.org/index.html) is a microkernel and OS and the successor of EROS, that itself is the successor of KeyKOS. A more complete history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html). Its main objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of EROS, demonstrate that an atomic kernel design scales well, and (eventually) to completely formally verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new language called bitc.  [See [l4.verified](http://nicta.com.au/research/projects/l4.verified) for work on formally verifying an L4 microkernel.]
+[Coyotos](http://www.coyotos.org/index.html) is a microkernel and OS and the successor of EROS, that itself is the successor of KeyKOS. A more complete history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html). Its main objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of EROS, demonstrate that an atomic kernel design scales well, and (eventually) to completely formally verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new language called [bitc](http://www.bitc-lang.org/).  [See [l4.verified](http://nicta.com.au/research/projects/l4.verified) for work on formally verifying an L4 microkernel.]
 
-Coyotos is an orthogonally persistent pure capability system. It uses continuation based unbuffered asynchronous IPC (actually it's synchronous IPC whith asynchronous syscalls).
+Coyotos is an orthogonally persistent pure capability system. It uses continuation based unbuffered asynchronous IPC (actually it's synchronous IPC with asynchronous syscalls).
 
 TODO: explain these terms and (more important) their consequences on system design.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b2df9f0731547ee40df58df182d098b91560b27e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MichaelBanck <MichaelBanck@web>
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2008 09:23:25 +0000
Subject: make it clearer that it has to be explicitely off

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
index 4ae689bf..e98b5e03 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-You need to disable `PrivilegeSeparation` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`.  Also
-make sure you have `/dev/random`, see below.
+Privilege seperation does not work with Hurd currently.  You need to explicitely 
+set `PrivilegeSeparation` to `no` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`, just commenting out 
+the entry will not work as it is on by default.  Also make sure you have 
+`/dev/random`, see below.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d80c36a319a6d4969b99aad5ae871a3e089c3446 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2008 11:26:50 +0200
Subject: Rename as per request of Michael Banck.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn                          | 14 --------------
 .../debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn        | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index e98b5e03..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Privilege seperation does not work with Hurd currently.  You need to explicitely 
-set `PrivilegeSeparation` to `no` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`, just commenting out 
-the entry will not work as it is on by default.  Also make sure you have 
-`/dev/random`, see below.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e98b5e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Privilege seperation does not work with Hurd currently.  You need to explicitely 
+set `PrivilegeSeparation` to `no` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`, just commenting out 
+the entry will not work as it is on by default.  Also make sure you have 
+`/dev/random`, see below.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c737895ad313f5b8b2d1ca8f6f012dd70d61a53b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 25 Sep 2008 17:13:49 +0200
Subject: Add copyright and licensing header.

---
 hurd/network.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/network.mdwn b/hurd/network.mdwn
index 5786b01c..4abb75d4 100644
--- a/hurd/network.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/network.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
 How to setup networking in the Hurd.
 
 First, make sure that Mach recognizes your hardware.  <!-- If it doesn't, you can
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 21351b26bea310be449960df6b6a2e1841430121 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2008 12:47:43 +0200
Subject: Split [[hurd/network]] into [[hurd/translator/pfinet]] and the new
 [[hurd/settrans]].

---
 hurd/network.mdwn           | 54 ---------------------------------------------
 hurd/settrans.mdwn          | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator.mdwn        |  3 +++
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/network.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/settrans.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/network.mdwn b/hurd/network.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 4abb75d4..00000000
--- a/hurd/network.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-How to setup networking in the Hurd.
-
-First, make sure that Mach recognizes your hardware.  <!-- If it doesn't, you can
-to recompile it in most cases. [ADD LINK TO INFO ON THIS] -->
-
-# The `pfinet` Translator
-
-To configure the network, the `pfinet` (*Protocol Family Internet*) translator
-must be configured.  This is done using the `settrans` command to attach a
-translator to a given file system node.  When programs access the node by, for
-example, sending an RPC, the Hurd will transparently start the server to handle
-the request.
-
-    # settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 \
-               -a 192.168.0.50 -g 192.168.0.1 -m 255.255.255.0
-
-Here, `settrans` is passed several options:
-
-* `fg`, force any existing translator to go away.
-* `ap`, make both active and passive translators.
-
-The active translator means that the operating system both starts the
-translator immediately and passinve means that the settings are saved in the
-file system node.  The former also means that any error messages are sent to
-`stderr`.
-
-The argument `/server/socket/2` is the node that the translator is to be
-attached to.  This is followed by the translator program to run and any
-arguments to give it.
-
-`-a`, `-g` and `-m` are, quite obviously, the IP address, the gateway and
-netmask.
-
-Help on settrans can be obtained by passing it the `--help` option.  Help on a
-specific translator can be gotten by invoking it from the command line with the
-same argument, e.g.:
-
-    # /hurd/pfinet --help
-
-As there can be a lot of output, consider piping this through a pager.
-
-Finally copy over your `/etc/resolv.conf` from GNU/Linux to allow your DNS to
-resolve correctly.
diff --git a/hurd/settrans.mdwn b/hurd/settrans.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4383961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/settrans.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The `settrans` command is used to attach a [[translator]] (server) to a given
+[[file_system_node|virtual_file_system]].
+
+`settrans` is commonly used like this:
+
+    $ settrans -fgap *NODE* *TRANSLATOR SETTING*
+
+  * `fg`, **f**orce any existing translator to **g**o away from that node.
+  * `ap`, start an ***a**ctive translator*, and also establish a ***p**assive
+    translator* setting.
+
+*Active translator* means that the operating system starts the translator
+immediately and *passive translator* in turn means that the settings are
+instead saved in the file system node, and then, when programs access the node
+by, for example, sending an [[RPC]], the Hurd will transparently start the
+server to handle the request.
+
+
+Help on settrans can be obtained by passing it the `--help` option.
+
+Likewise, help on a specific translator can be gotten by invoking it from the
+command line with the same argument, e.g.:
+
+    $ /hurd/pfinet --help
+
+As there can be a lot of output, consider piping this through a pager.
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 3f763013..4f65bb41 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ and [[pfinet]]) and thus translates object invocations
 into calls appropriate for the backing store
 (e.g., ext2 file system, nfs server, etc.).
 
+A translator is usually registered with a specific file system node by using
+the [[`settrans`|settrans]] command.
+
 Translators do not require any special privilege
 to run.  The privilege they require is simply
 that to access the indiviudal resources they use.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
index acd7b855..41bc87c2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,4 +9,26 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+To configure Internet connectivity, the `pfinet` (*Protocol Family Internet*)
+[[translator]] must be configured.  This is done using the
+[[`settrans`|settrans]] command, for example like this:
+
+    # settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet ↩
+        -i eth0 -a 192.168.0.50 -g 192.168.0.1 -m 255.255.255.0
+
+The argument `/server/socket/2` is the node that the translator is to be
+attached to.  This is followed by the translator program to run and any
+arguments to give it.
+
+There, `-i`, `-a`, `-g` and `-m` are, quite obviously, the (Mach) device to
+use, the IP address, the gateway and netmask.
+
+---
+
+To make DNS lookups work, you'll also have to properly configure the
+`/etc/resolv.conf` file, for example by copying it over from your GNU/Linux
+installation.
+
+---
+
 Notes about [[IPv6]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 523e74d5f4d388cc7aadbf4b5470844f2108a0cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2008 15:06:27 +0200
Subject: From a Thomas Bushnell email, debian-hurd, 2000-03-05.

---
 hurd.mdwn                                  |  1 +
 hurd/networking.mdwn                       | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator.mdwn                       |  1 +
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn                |  3 ++-
 hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn               | 13 +++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/networking.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 0bdcdca8..8392abef 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -69,3 +69,4 @@
 * [[IO_Path]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
+* [[Networking]]
diff --git a/hurd/networking.mdwn b/hurd/networking.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e0ac56e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/networking.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+For each supported `PF_*` protocol family, there is a file `/servers/socket/N`
+where `N` is the numberic value fo the `PF_*` symbol.  Right now
+[[`PF_LOCAL`|translator/pflocal]] (a.k.a. `PF_UNIX`) and
+[[`PF_INET`|translator/pfinet]] are supported.
+
+User programs open those files, and use the `socket_create` [[RPC]] to make a
+new socket.  With that socket, they can use the other `socket_*` RPCs and also
+the `io_*` RPCs.  The `socket_*` RPCs are essentially clones of the Unix
+syscalls in question.
+
+The only exception is `sockaddrs`, which are implemented as [[ports|libports]]
+instead of the opaque data arrays they are in the syscalls.  You manipulate
+`sockaddr` ports with the `socket_create_address`, `socket_fabricate_address`,
+and `socket_whatis_address` calls.  The `sockaddr` port is then used in socket
+calls like `socket_connect` and `socket_accept`.
+
+`PF_INET` `sockaddr` ports are manipulated with `socket_create_address` from
+the usual `struct sockaddr_in`.  `PF_LOCAL` `sockaddr` ports are stored by
+`S_IFSOCK` filesystem nodes; you find the address associated with a node with
+`ifsock_getsockaddr`.  The [[file_system_server|translator]] will get a
+`sockaddr` to return with `socket_fabricate_address`.
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 4f65bb41..9cdd8a31 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 # Existing Translators
 
 * [[pfinet]]
+* [[pflocal]]
 * [[hostmux]]
 * [[storeio]]
 * [[ext2fs]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
index 41bc87c2..a8da45d7 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -31,4 +31,5 @@ installation.
 
 ---
 
-Notes about [[IPv6]].
+  * [[Implementation]].
+  * [[IPv6]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08a29280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The `pfinet` server is a hacked Linux internet implementation with a glue layer
+translating between the Hurd [[RPC]]s and the middle layer of the Linux
+implementation.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1d4ac2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The implementation of the `pflocal` server is in the `pflocal` directory, and
+uses [[`libpipe`|libpipe]] (shared code with the [[named_pipe|fifo]]
+implementation).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a85991c19caa842a433d996627cdf95aae9f1168 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Sep 2008 15:10:14 +0200
Subject: PF_INET6.

---
 hurd/networking.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/networking.mdwn b/hurd/networking.mdwn
index 6e0ac56e..bc33769a 100644
--- a/hurd/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/networking.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 For each supported `PF_*` protocol family, there is a file `/servers/socket/N`
 where `N` is the numberic value fo the `PF_*` symbol.  Right now
 [[`PF_LOCAL`|translator/pflocal]] (a.k.a. `PF_UNIX`) and
-[[`PF_INET`|translator/pfinet]] are supported.
+[[`PF_INET`|translator/pfinet]] (together with
+[[`PF_INET6`|translator/pfinet/ipv6]]) are supported.
 
 User programs open those files, and use the `socket_create` [[RPC]] to make a
 new socket.  With that socket, they can use the other `socket_*` RPCs and also
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 38425441e79adff768b2f773625d5a842d819ae0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shakthimaan <shakthimaan@web>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 14:15:54 +0000
Subject: .

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index e972f59c..2d0a1e5d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@
   - [Upgrading K11 or K14 based systems to
     unstable](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00007.html)
 - [Archive Qualification](http://wiki.debian.org/ArchiveQualification/hurd-i386)
+- [[Creating_image_tarball]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d482882cc631035ffe51ab67f929c24df7d036e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shakthimaan <shakthimaan@web>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 14:19:40 +0000
Subject: .

---
 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn | 196 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 196 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad315afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a Debian GNU/Hurd mirror. Run it using:
+
+    sudo sh anonftpsync-ports
+
+<pre>
+#! /bin/sh
+set -e
+
+# This script originates from http://www.debian.org/mirror/anonftpsync
+# modified by Martin Zobel-Helas <zobel@debian.org>, 2005-01-16
+# 	these modifications are published under the terms of the GNU GPL
+# Modifications:
+# + some more documentation about variables
+# + added ARCH_EXCLUDE
+# + mirror in a safe way, first /pool, then /dists and the rest
+# modified by Aurelien Jarno <aurel32@debian.org>, 2007-12-02
+# 	these modifications are published under the terms of the GNU GPL
+# + modifications to mirror debia,-ports.org
+# Version: $Id: anonftpsync,v 1.18 2005/10/28 15:25:54 aba Exp $ 
+
+
+# Note: You MUST have rsync 2.0.16-1 or newer, which is available in slink
+# and all newer Debian releases, or at http://rsync.samba.org/
+
+# Set the variables below to fit your site. You can then use cron to have
+# this script run daily to automatically update your copy of the archive.
+
+# Don't forget:
+# chmod 744 anonftpsync
+
+# TO is the destination for the base of the Debian mirror directory
+# (the dir that holds dists/ and ls-lR).
+# (mandatory)
+
+TO=/home/foo/rsync-debian-ports
+
+# RSYNC_HOST is the site you have chosen from the mirrors file.
+# (http://www.debian-ports.org/mirrors)
+# (mandatory)
+
+RSYNC_HOST=rsync.debian-ports.org
+
+# RSYNC_DIR is the directory given in the "Packages over rsync:" line of
+# the mirrors file for the site you have chosen to mirror.
+# (mandatory)
+
+RSYNC_DIR=debian/
+
+# LOGDIR is the directory where the logs will be written to
+# (mandatory)
+
+LOGDIR=/var/log/rsync-debian-ports
+
+# ARCH_EXCLUDE can be used to exclude a complete architecture from
+# mirrorring. Please use as space seperated list.
+# Possible values are:
+# armel hurd-i386 kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386
+#
+# There is one special value: source
+# This is not an architecture but will exclude all source code in /pool
+#
+# eg.
+# ARCH_EXCLUDE="hurd-i386"
+# 
+# With a blank ARCH_EXCLUDE you will mirror all availible architectures
+# (optional)
+
+ARCH_EXCLUDE="armel kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386 m68k"
+
+# EXCLUDE is a list of parameters listing patterns that rsync will exclude.
+# The following example would exclude mostly everything:
+#EXCLUDE="\
+#  --exclude binary-hurd-i386/ --exclude binary-kfreebsd-i386/
+#  --exclude *_hurd-i386.deb --exclude *_knetbsd-i386.deb \
+#  --exclude stable/ --exclude testing/ --exclude unstable/ \
+#  --exclude source/ \
+#  --exclude *.orig.tar.gz --exclude *.diff.gz --exclude *.dsc \
+#  --exclude /base/ --exclude /bochs/ --exclude /obsolete/ \
+# "
+
+# With a blank EXCLUDE you will mirror the entire archive.
+# (optional)
+
+EXCLUDE="--exclude binary-kfreebsd-i386/ --exclude *_knetbsd-i386.deb \
+         --exclude source/ --exclude *.orig.tar.gz --exclude *.diff.gz \
+         --exclude /bochs/ --exclude /obsolete/ \
+         --exclude *kfreebsd* --exclude *m68* --exclude *sh* \
+	 "
+
+# MAILTO is the address to send logfiles to;
+# if it is not defined, no mail will be sent
+# (optional)
+
+MAILTO=
+
+# There should be no need to edit anything below this point, unless there
+# are problems.
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------#
+
+# Check for some environment variables
+if [ -z $TO ] || [ -z $RSYNC_HOST ] || [ -z $RSYNC_DIR ] || [ -z $LOGDIR ]; then
+	echo "One of the following variables seems to be empty:"
+	echo "TO, RSYNC_HOST, RSYNC_DIR or LOGDIR"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+if ! [ -d ${TO}/project/trace/ ]; then
+	# we are running mirror script for the first time
+	mkdir -p ${TO}/project/trace
+fi
+
+# Note: on some non-Debian systems, hostname doesn't accept -f option.
+# If that's the case on your system, make sure hostname prints the full
+# hostname, and remove the -f option. If there's no hostname command,
+# explicitly replace `hostname -f` with the hostname.
+HOSTNAME=`hostname -f`
+
+LOCK="${TO}/Archive-Update-in-Progress-${HOSTNAME}"
+
+# Exclude architectures defined in $ARCH_EXCLUDE
+for ARCH in $ARCH_EXCLUDE; do
+	EXCLUDE=$EXCLUDE"\
+		--exclude binary-$ARCH/ \
+		--exclude disks-$ARCH/ \
+		--exclude installer-$ARCH/ \
+		--exclude Contents-$ARCH \
+		--exclude Contents-$ARCH.gz \
+		--exclude *_$ARCH.deb \
+		--exclude *_$ARCH.udeb \
+		--exclude pool-$ARCH/"
+	if [ "$ARCH" == "source" ]; then
+		SOURCE_EXCLUDE="\
+		--exclude *.tar.gz \
+		--exclude *.diff.gz \
+		--exclude *.dsc "
+	fi
+done
+
+# Logfile
+LOGFILE=$LOGDIR/debian-mirror-ports.log
+
+# Get in the right directory and set the umask to be group writable
+# 
+cd $HOME
+umask 002
+
+# Check to see if another sync is in progress
+if lockfile -! -l 10800 -r 0 "$LOCK"; then
+  echo ${HOSTNAME} is unable to start rsync, lock file exists
+  exit 1
+fi
+# Note: on some non-Debian systems, trap doesn't accept "exit" as signal
+# specification. If that's the case on your system, try using "0".
+trap "rm -f $LOCK > /dev/null 2>&1" exit
+
+set +e
+
+# First sync /pool-*
+rsync --recursive --links --hard-links --times --verbose \
+     $EXCLUDE $SOURCE_EXCLUDE \
+     $RSYNC_HOST::$RSYNC_DIR/pool-* $TO >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
+result=$?
+
+if [ 0 = $result ]; then
+	# Now sync the remaining stuff
+	rsync --recursive --links --hard-links --times --verbose --delete-after \
+	     --exclude "Archive-Update-in-Progress-${HOSTNAME}" \
+	     --exclude "project/trace/" \
+	     --exclude "/pool-*/" \
+	     $EXCLUDE \
+	     $RSYNC_HOST::$RSYNC_DIR $TO >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
+
+	date -u > "${TO}/project/trace/${HOSTNAME}"
+else
+	echo "ERROR: Help, something weird happened" | tee -a $LOGFILE
+	echo "mirroring /pool-* exited with exitcode" $result | tee -a $LOGFILE
+fi
+
+
+if ! [ -z $MAILTO ]; then
+	mail -s "debian ports archive synced" $MAILTO < $LOGFILE
+fi
+
+savelog $LOGFILE
+</pre>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b5a79eab13a138a09cf4950361077b56cb64e013 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shakthimaan <shakthimaan@web>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 14:22:19 +0000
Subject: .

---
 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
index ad315afe..bbcdebc6 100644
--- a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a Debian GNU/Hurd mirror. Run it using:
-
-    sudo sh anonftpsync-ports
+The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd repo. 
 
 <pre>
 #! /bin/sh
@@ -194,3 +192,11 @@ fi
 
 savelog $LOGFILE
 </pre>
+
+Run it using:
+
+    sudo sh anonftpsync-ports
+
+In /home/foo/rsync-debian-ports, you will find the following directories:
+
+    base dists indices pool pool-hurd-i386 project
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a5fe0ef3077ec787b1a556930f0b60b25013e689 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shakthimaan <shakthimaan@web>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 14:25:45 +0000
Subject: .

---
 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
index bbcdebc6..5792f767 100644
--- a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd repo. 
+The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd repo. You will need atleast 12G of disk space.
 
 <pre>
 #! /bin/sh
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 88c7e435dd287e8cedb94bfd209be0642d29ed2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: shakthimaan <shakthimaan@web>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 14:27:58 +0000
Subject: .

---
 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
index 5792f767..6724948a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd repo. You will need atleast 12G of disk space.
+The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd repo. You will need atleast 12G of disk space. Change the "TO=/home/foo/rsync-debian-ports" to your desired target directory.
 
 <pre>
 #! /bin/sh
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eea3078111965f7129a26c937f1816ff9a0142ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 16:38:36 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/running/creating_image_tarball]] ->
 [[hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball]] and split out shell script.

---
 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn           | 193 +--------------------
 hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn    |  21 +++
 .../creating_image_tarball/anonftpsync-ports       | 180 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 192 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball/anonftpsync-ports

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
index 6724948a..2938c79a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -8,195 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The following anonftpsync-ports is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd repo. You will need atleast 12G of disk space. Change the "TO=/home/foo/rsync-debian-ports" to your desired target directory.
-
-<pre>
-#! /bin/sh
-set -e
-
-# This script originates from http://www.debian.org/mirror/anonftpsync
-# modified by Martin Zobel-Helas <zobel@debian.org>, 2005-01-16
-# 	these modifications are published under the terms of the GNU GPL
-# Modifications:
-# + some more documentation about variables
-# + added ARCH_EXCLUDE
-# + mirror in a safe way, first /pool, then /dists and the rest
-# modified by Aurelien Jarno <aurel32@debian.org>, 2007-12-02
-# 	these modifications are published under the terms of the GNU GPL
-# + modifications to mirror debia,-ports.org
-# Version: $Id: anonftpsync,v 1.18 2005/10/28 15:25:54 aba Exp $ 
-
-
-# Note: You MUST have rsync 2.0.16-1 or newer, which is available in slink
-# and all newer Debian releases, or at http://rsync.samba.org/
-
-# Set the variables below to fit your site. You can then use cron to have
-# this script run daily to automatically update your copy of the archive.
-
-# Don't forget:
-# chmod 744 anonftpsync
-
-# TO is the destination for the base of the Debian mirror directory
-# (the dir that holds dists/ and ls-lR).
-# (mandatory)
-
-TO=/home/foo/rsync-debian-ports
-
-# RSYNC_HOST is the site you have chosen from the mirrors file.
-# (http://www.debian-ports.org/mirrors)
-# (mandatory)
-
-RSYNC_HOST=rsync.debian-ports.org
-
-# RSYNC_DIR is the directory given in the "Packages over rsync:" line of
-# the mirrors file for the site you have chosen to mirror.
-# (mandatory)
-
-RSYNC_DIR=debian/
-
-# LOGDIR is the directory where the logs will be written to
-# (mandatory)
-
-LOGDIR=/var/log/rsync-debian-ports
-
-# ARCH_EXCLUDE can be used to exclude a complete architecture from
-# mirrorring. Please use as space seperated list.
-# Possible values are:
-# armel hurd-i386 kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386
-#
-# There is one special value: source
-# This is not an architecture but will exclude all source code in /pool
-#
-# eg.
-# ARCH_EXCLUDE="hurd-i386"
-# 
-# With a blank ARCH_EXCLUDE you will mirror all availible architectures
-# (optional)
-
-ARCH_EXCLUDE="armel kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386 m68k"
-
-# EXCLUDE is a list of parameters listing patterns that rsync will exclude.
-# The following example would exclude mostly everything:
-#EXCLUDE="\
-#  --exclude binary-hurd-i386/ --exclude binary-kfreebsd-i386/
-#  --exclude *_hurd-i386.deb --exclude *_knetbsd-i386.deb \
-#  --exclude stable/ --exclude testing/ --exclude unstable/ \
-#  --exclude source/ \
-#  --exclude *.orig.tar.gz --exclude *.diff.gz --exclude *.dsc \
-#  --exclude /base/ --exclude /bochs/ --exclude /obsolete/ \
-# "
-
-# With a blank EXCLUDE you will mirror the entire archive.
-# (optional)
-
-EXCLUDE="--exclude binary-kfreebsd-i386/ --exclude *_knetbsd-i386.deb \
-         --exclude source/ --exclude *.orig.tar.gz --exclude *.diff.gz \
-         --exclude /bochs/ --exclude /obsolete/ \
-         --exclude *kfreebsd* --exclude *m68* --exclude *sh* \
-	 "
-
-# MAILTO is the address to send logfiles to;
-# if it is not defined, no mail will be sent
-# (optional)
-
-MAILTO=
-
-# There should be no need to edit anything below this point, unless there
-# are problems.
-
-#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------#
-
-# Check for some environment variables
-if [ -z $TO ] || [ -z $RSYNC_HOST ] || [ -z $RSYNC_DIR ] || [ -z $LOGDIR ]; then
-	echo "One of the following variables seems to be empty:"
-	echo "TO, RSYNC_HOST, RSYNC_DIR or LOGDIR"
-	exit 2
-fi
-
-if ! [ -d ${TO}/project/trace/ ]; then
-	# we are running mirror script for the first time
-	mkdir -p ${TO}/project/trace
-fi
-
-# Note: on some non-Debian systems, hostname doesn't accept -f option.
-# If that's the case on your system, make sure hostname prints the full
-# hostname, and remove the -f option. If there's no hostname command,
-# explicitly replace `hostname -f` with the hostname.
-HOSTNAME=`hostname -f`
-
-LOCK="${TO}/Archive-Update-in-Progress-${HOSTNAME}"
-
-# Exclude architectures defined in $ARCH_EXCLUDE
-for ARCH in $ARCH_EXCLUDE; do
-	EXCLUDE=$EXCLUDE"\
-		--exclude binary-$ARCH/ \
-		--exclude disks-$ARCH/ \
-		--exclude installer-$ARCH/ \
-		--exclude Contents-$ARCH \
-		--exclude Contents-$ARCH.gz \
-		--exclude *_$ARCH.deb \
-		--exclude *_$ARCH.udeb \
-		--exclude pool-$ARCH/"
-	if [ "$ARCH" == "source" ]; then
-		SOURCE_EXCLUDE="\
-		--exclude *.tar.gz \
-		--exclude *.diff.gz \
-		--exclude *.dsc "
-	fi
-done
-
-# Logfile
-LOGFILE=$LOGDIR/debian-mirror-ports.log
-
-# Get in the right directory and set the umask to be group writable
-# 
-cd $HOME
-umask 002
-
-# Check to see if another sync is in progress
-if lockfile -! -l 10800 -r 0 "$LOCK"; then
-  echo ${HOSTNAME} is unable to start rsync, lock file exists
-  exit 1
-fi
-# Note: on some non-Debian systems, trap doesn't accept "exit" as signal
-# specification. If that's the case on your system, try using "0".
-trap "rm -f $LOCK > /dev/null 2>&1" exit
-
-set +e
-
-# First sync /pool-*
-rsync --recursive --links --hard-links --times --verbose \
-     $EXCLUDE $SOURCE_EXCLUDE \
-     $RSYNC_HOST::$RSYNC_DIR/pool-* $TO >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
-result=$?
-
-if [ 0 = $result ]; then
-	# Now sync the remaining stuff
-	rsync --recursive --links --hard-links --times --verbose --delete-after \
-	     --exclude "Archive-Update-in-Progress-${HOSTNAME}" \
-	     --exclude "project/trace/" \
-	     --exclude "/pool-*/" \
-	     $EXCLUDE \
-	     $RSYNC_HOST::$RSYNC_DIR $TO >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
-
-	date -u > "${TO}/project/trace/${HOSTNAME}"
-else
-	echo "ERROR: Help, something weird happened" | tee -a $LOGFILE
-	echo "mirroring /pool-* exited with exitcode" $result | tee -a $LOGFILE
-fi
-
-
-if ! [ -z $MAILTO ]; then
-	mail -s "debian ports archive synced" $MAILTO < $LOGFILE
-fi
-
-savelog $LOGFILE
-</pre>
-
-Run it using:
-
-    sudo sh anonftpsync-ports
-
-In /home/foo/rsync-debian-ports, you will find the following directories:
-
-    base dists indices pool pool-hurd-i386 project
+[[meta redir=debian/creating_image_tarball]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..977f2b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The following [[anonftpsync-ports]] is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd
+repo.  You will need atleast 12G of disk space.  Change the
+"TO=/home/foo/rsync-debian-ports" to your desired target directory.
+
+Run it using:
+
+    sudo sh anonftpsync-ports
+
+In /home/foo/rsync-debian-ports, you will find the following directories:
+
+    base dists indices pool pool-hurd-i386 project
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball/anonftpsync-ports b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball/anonftpsync-ports
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0988dbde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball/anonftpsync-ports
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+set -e
+
+# This script originates from http://www.debian.org/mirror/anonftpsync
+# modified by Martin Zobel-Helas <zobel@debian.org>, 2005-01-16
+# 	these modifications are published under the terms of the GNU GPL
+# Modifications:
+# + some more documentation about variables
+# + added ARCH_EXCLUDE
+# + mirror in a safe way, first /pool, then /dists and the rest
+# modified by Aurelien Jarno <aurel32@debian.org>, 2007-12-02
+# 	these modifications are published under the terms of the GNU GPL
+# + modifications to mirror debia,-ports.org
+# Version: $Id: anonftpsync,v 1.18 2005/10/28 15:25:54 aba Exp $ 
+
+
+# Note: You MUST have rsync 2.0.16-1 or newer, which is available in slink
+# and all newer Debian releases, or at http://rsync.samba.org/
+
+# Set the variables below to fit your site. You can then use cron to have
+# this script run daily to automatically update your copy of the archive.
+
+# Don't forget:
+# chmod 744 anonftpsync
+
+# TO is the destination for the base of the Debian mirror directory
+# (the dir that holds dists/ and ls-lR).
+# (mandatory)
+
+TO=/home/foo/rsync-debian-ports
+
+# RSYNC_HOST is the site you have chosen from the mirrors file.
+# (http://www.debian-ports.org/mirrors)
+# (mandatory)
+
+RSYNC_HOST=rsync.debian-ports.org
+
+# RSYNC_DIR is the directory given in the "Packages over rsync:" line of
+# the mirrors file for the site you have chosen to mirror.
+# (mandatory)
+
+RSYNC_DIR=debian/
+
+# LOGDIR is the directory where the logs will be written to
+# (mandatory)
+
+LOGDIR=/var/log/rsync-debian-ports
+
+# ARCH_EXCLUDE can be used to exclude a complete architecture from
+# mirrorring. Please use as space seperated list.
+# Possible values are:
+# armel hurd-i386 kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386
+#
+# There is one special value: source
+# This is not an architecture but will exclude all source code in /pool
+#
+# eg.
+# ARCH_EXCLUDE="hurd-i386"
+# 
+# With a blank ARCH_EXCLUDE you will mirror all availible architectures
+# (optional)
+
+ARCH_EXCLUDE="armel kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-i386 m68k"
+
+# EXCLUDE is a list of parameters listing patterns that rsync will exclude.
+# The following example would exclude mostly everything:
+#EXCLUDE="\
+#  --exclude binary-hurd-i386/ --exclude binary-kfreebsd-i386/
+#  --exclude *_hurd-i386.deb --exclude *_knetbsd-i386.deb \
+#  --exclude stable/ --exclude testing/ --exclude unstable/ \
+#  --exclude source/ \
+#  --exclude *.orig.tar.gz --exclude *.diff.gz --exclude *.dsc \
+#  --exclude /base/ --exclude /bochs/ --exclude /obsolete/ \
+# "
+
+# With a blank EXCLUDE you will mirror the entire archive.
+# (optional)
+
+EXCLUDE="--exclude binary-kfreebsd-i386/ --exclude *_knetbsd-i386.deb \
+         --exclude source/ --exclude *.orig.tar.gz --exclude *.diff.gz \
+         --exclude /bochs/ --exclude /obsolete/ \
+         --exclude *kfreebsd* --exclude *m68* --exclude *sh* \
+	 "
+
+# MAILTO is the address to send logfiles to;
+# if it is not defined, no mail will be sent
+# (optional)
+
+MAILTO=
+
+# There should be no need to edit anything below this point, unless there
+# are problems.
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------#
+
+# Check for some environment variables
+if [ -z $TO ] || [ -z $RSYNC_HOST ] || [ -z $RSYNC_DIR ] || [ -z $LOGDIR ]; then
+	echo "One of the following variables seems to be empty:"
+	echo "TO, RSYNC_HOST, RSYNC_DIR or LOGDIR"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+if ! [ -d ${TO}/project/trace/ ]; then
+	# we are running mirror script for the first time
+	mkdir -p ${TO}/project/trace
+fi
+
+# Note: on some non-Debian systems, hostname doesn't accept -f option.
+# If that's the case on your system, make sure hostname prints the full
+# hostname, and remove the -f option. If there's no hostname command,
+# explicitly replace `hostname -f` with the hostname.
+HOSTNAME=`hostname -f`
+
+LOCK="${TO}/Archive-Update-in-Progress-${HOSTNAME}"
+
+# Exclude architectures defined in $ARCH_EXCLUDE
+for ARCH in $ARCH_EXCLUDE; do
+	EXCLUDE=$EXCLUDE"\
+		--exclude binary-$ARCH/ \
+		--exclude disks-$ARCH/ \
+		--exclude installer-$ARCH/ \
+		--exclude Contents-$ARCH \
+		--exclude Contents-$ARCH.gz \
+		--exclude *_$ARCH.deb \
+		--exclude *_$ARCH.udeb \
+		--exclude pool-$ARCH/"
+	if [ "$ARCH" == "source" ]; then
+		SOURCE_EXCLUDE="\
+		--exclude *.tar.gz \
+		--exclude *.diff.gz \
+		--exclude *.dsc "
+	fi
+done
+
+# Logfile
+LOGFILE=$LOGDIR/debian-mirror-ports.log
+
+# Get in the right directory and set the umask to be group writable
+# 
+cd $HOME
+umask 002
+
+# Check to see if another sync is in progress
+if lockfile -! -l 10800 -r 0 "$LOCK"; then
+  echo ${HOSTNAME} is unable to start rsync, lock file exists
+  exit 1
+fi
+# Note: on some non-Debian systems, trap doesn't accept "exit" as signal
+# specification. If that's the case on your system, try using "0".
+trap "rm -f $LOCK > /dev/null 2>&1" exit
+
+set +e
+
+# First sync /pool-*
+rsync --recursive --links --hard-links --times --verbose \
+     $EXCLUDE $SOURCE_EXCLUDE \
+     $RSYNC_HOST::$RSYNC_DIR/pool-* $TO >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
+result=$?
+
+if [ 0 = $result ]; then
+	# Now sync the remaining stuff
+	rsync --recursive --links --hard-links --times --verbose --delete-after \
+	     --exclude "Archive-Update-in-Progress-${HOSTNAME}" \
+	     --exclude "project/trace/" \
+	     --exclude "/pool-*/" \
+	     $EXCLUDE \
+	     $RSYNC_HOST::$RSYNC_DIR $TO >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
+
+	date -u > "${TO}/project/trace/${HOSTNAME}"
+else
+	echo "ERROR: Help, something weird happened" | tee -a $LOGFILE
+	echo "mirroring /pool-* exited with exitcode" $result | tee -a $LOGFILE
+fi
+
+
+if ! [ -z $MAILTO ]; then
+	mail -s "debian ports archive synced" $MAILTO < $LOGFILE
+fi
+
+savelog $LOGFILE
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 144a6651623d50e35985ef63d7bd21e16d2ab54a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 13:02:57 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/running/debian/porting]]: New page.

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn         |  3 ++-
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index 2d0a1e5d..f291b75b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 - [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
   *Debian GNU/Hurd* by [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe
 - [[Status]]
-- [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
+- [[Porting]] -- Helping with porting packages
+      * [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
 
 - Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
 - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install)
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16f39427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Debian packages that need porting"]]
+
+A large amount of Debian source packages can (by now) simple be built for
+Debian GNU/Hurd systems.
+
+Here are listed some of those (the important ones, as they're, e.g., blocking
+other packages from being built) that need someone to work on them.
+
+When you have a patch to submit, please adhere to the [[patch_submission]]
+guidelines.
+
+[[inline
+pages="hurd/running/debian/porting/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="hurd/running/debian/porting" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b2391a0269aec65c452a6737b787d889a4295354 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 13:03:19 +0200
Subject: libdbd-sqlite3-perl FTBFS.

---
 .../debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn        | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..359caf89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Does build, but has test-suite problems:
+
+    t/02cr_table............ok 1/4DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/02cr_table.t line 10.
+    DBD::SQLite::db prepare failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/02cr_table.t line 11.
+    Can't call method "execute" on an undefined value at t/02cr_table.t line 12.
+    t/02cr_table............dubious
+            Test returned status 118 (wstat 30208, 0x7600)
+    DIED. FAILED tests 2-4
+            Failed 3/4 tests, 25.00% okay
+    t/03insert..............ok 1/11DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/03insert.t line 6.
+    # Failed test 2 in t/03insert.t at line 6
+    [...]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 50817f92206049990a8d2401e38a36d99ccd988f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 13:09:36 +0200
Subject: hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl: How to get a deb
 package nevertheless.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
index 359caf89..b5fdd14d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
@@ -20,3 +20,7 @@ Does build, but has test-suite problems:
     t/03insert..............ok 1/11DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/03insert.t line 6.
     # Failed test 2 in t/03insert.t at line 6
     [...]
+
+Stopping the test-stuite (`C-c`), doing a `touch build-stamp`, followed by
+re-running `dpkg-buildpackage` with `-nc` will yield an installable `deb`
+package.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 21969926d7220deab90eda1f68bbfe2f0b8432d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tschwinge <tschwinge@web>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 11:26:01 +0000
Subject: adduser has ``posix_spawn() error=1073741826'' error messages.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d243dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`adduser` does work as expected, but what are these error messages?
+
+    $ sudo adduser foo
+    Adding user `foo' ...
+    Adding new group `foo' (1002) ...
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    Adding new user `foo' (1002) with group `foo' ...
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    Creating home directory `/home/foo' ...
+    Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
+    [...]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a2bf8545b75fe7bf748ac9e07b279621f0b94242 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 08:59:37 +0200
Subject: git-core.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..568ad966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Depends on [[libdbd-sqlite3-perl]].
+
+Does build, but has test-suite problems (only where libdbd-sqlite3-perl is
+involved, it seems):
+
+    [...]
+    DBD::SQLite::db table_info failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/git-core/git-core-1.5.6.5/t/../
+    git-cvsserver line 2783, <STDIN> line 17.
+    Can't call method "fetchall_hashref" on an undefined value at /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/git-core/git-core-1.5.6.5/t/../git-cvsserver line 
+    2783, <STDIN> line 17.
+    [...]
+
+Stopping the test-stuite (`C-c`), doing a `touch build-arch-stamp`, followed by
+re-running `dpkg-buildpackage` with `-nc` will yield an installable `deb`
+package.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 93ac53c8f6bb37049fb4ef36ab7e6d5e711f3431 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MichaelBanck <MichaelBanck@web>
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2008 18:42:51 +0000
Subject: mention random-egd package

---
 hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
index 33a70349..a2563a94 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
@@ -57,9 +57,10 @@ Installing packages without having a network connection is described
 
 # [[translator/Random]]
 
-You often need `scp` and `ssh`.  Sadly the Debian GNU/Hurd does not yet come
-with any default random translator package installed.  See
-[[translator/random]] for details, the following is just a quick recap.
+You often need `scp` and `ssh`.  There is now a "random-egd" package available which uses
+a random translator by Ryan Hunter and the entropy gathering daemon as entropy source.
+
+An alternative solution is:
 
     cd && mkdir tmp && cd tmp
     wget http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/random-64.tar.gz
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f0c9ba2453b27d63000aa0b7a533821afecc4db1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MichaelBanck <MichaelBanck@web>
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2008 19:03:54 +0000
Subject: some more changes

---
 hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn | 25 ++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
index a2563a94..b795fd2b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ If the NIC was detected:
 
     # settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.3 -g 192.168.1.1 -m 255.255.255.0
 
+In order to use DHCP, you need to install the `dhcp-client` package and run `dhclient eth0` etc.
 
 # Setup GRUB
 
@@ -54,27 +55,12 @@ If when doing your first `apt-get`, `dpkg` complains of missing programs, get ro
 Installing packages without having a network connection is described
 [[Distrib/DebianAptOffline]].
 
-
 # [[translator/Random]]
 
-You often need `scp` and `ssh`.  There is now a "random-egd" package available which uses
+You often need `scp` and `ssh`.  There is now a `random-egd` package available which uses
 a random translator by Ryan Hunter and the entropy gathering daemon as entropy source.
 
-An alternative solution is:
-
-    cd && mkdir tmp && cd tmp
-    wget http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/random-64.tar.gz
-    tar xvfz random-64.tar.gz
-    cp random /hurd/
-
-    settrans -c /dev/random /hurd/random \
-               --seed-file /var/run/random-seed --secure
-    settrans -c /dev/urandom /hurd/random \
-               --seed-file /var/run/urandom-seed --fast
-    chmod 0644 /dev/random /dev/urandom
-
-    apt-get install ssh
-
+See [[Translator/random]] for more information.
 
 # [[Console]]
 
@@ -99,7 +85,7 @@ You first must have setup the virtual console.  See above.
 
 Assuming you've installed WindowMaker and have tried running `startx` already:
 
-    [/etc/X11/XF86Config-4]
+    [/etc/xorg.conf]
 
     Section "Module"
     #        Load           "dri"
@@ -120,9 +106,6 @@ Assuming you've installed WindowMaker and have tried running `startx` already:
 Make sure not to have the `Emulate3Buttons` and `ZAxisMapping` settings set, as
 they lead to problems with e.g. dragging windows around.
 
-    [/etc/profile]
-    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/X11R6/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
-
 # What about package XYZ?
 
 See if you can find a useful tip in [[package_troubleshooting]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 02aead91209eca78b1c79686e7a64b9e2b58dcc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 19:49:27 +0200
Subject: pth is broken.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4424fe82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+    <azeem> seems pth still doesn't work
+    <bddebian> Doesn't build or doesn't work?
+    <azeem> both
+    <azeem> some configure test keep grinding the CPU, same for the test suite
+    <azeem> which apparently runs pth_init() and never returns
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f19c40829ab06b972f701759ef63c1b0a9814732 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 22:26:11 +0200
Subject: runit doesn't work.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..395dd14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The `runit` package doesn't work, even its test suite doesn't finish.
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] once was having a look at that, but this very
+report is just from his memory, and his memory is dim...  The problem *might*
+either be a time stamping issue (which might be fixed by now) or it *might* be
+the `select` call failing issue we're seeing from time to time.  Or something
+else.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1f41e899e3da7b8f681e3787b5150e1cd9ecf50a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 22:59:01 +0200
Subject: Reintegrate the QEMU page, change formatting, add copyright and
 license statements.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn |  2 +-
 qemu.mdwn              | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 unsorted/QEMU.mdwn     | 15 ---------------
 3 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 qemu.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/QEMU.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index eab49b08..3a9784f7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 # What is Needed
 
-1. First thing is to install [[QEMU]].
+1. First thing is to install [[/QEMU]].
 2. A [grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
 3. You will need a [Debian/Hurd installation CD](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd). K16 works fine.
 
diff --git a/qemu.mdwn b/qemu.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97ce5693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/qemu.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+QEMU is free software written by Fabrice Bellard that implements a fast
+processor [[emulator|emulation]], allowing a user to run one operating system
+within another one.  It is similar to projects such as [[Bochs]] and VMware
+Workstation, but has several features these lack, including increased speed and
+support for multiple architectures.  By using dynamic translation it achieves a
+reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.
+
+QEMU has two operating modes:
+
+  * User mode emulation: QEMU can launch Linux processes compiled for one CPU
+    on another CPU.  Linux system calls are converted because of endianness and
+    32/64 bit mismatches.  Wine and Dosemu are the main targets for QEMU.
+
+  * System mode emulation: QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor
+    and various peripherials.  It enables easier testing and debugging of
+    system code.  It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several
+    virtual PCs on a single server.
+
+The majority of the program is under the [[LGPL]], with the system mode
+emulation under the [[GPL]].
+
+# External Links
+
+  * <http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/>
+  * <http://kidsquid.com/cgi-bin/moin.cgi> QEMU Wiki
+  * [Qemu on Windows](http://www.h7.dion.ne.jp/~qemu-win/)
diff --git a/unsorted/QEMU.mdwn b/unsorted/QEMU.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 27086257..00000000
--- a/unsorted/QEMU.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-QEMU is free software written by Fabrice Bellard that implements a fast processor emulator, allowing a user to run one operating system within another one. It is similar to projects such as Bochs and VMware Workstation, but has several features these lack, including increased speed and support for multiple architectures. By using dynamic translation it achieves a reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.
-
-QEMU has two operating modes:
-
-* User mode emulation: QEMU can launch Linux processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU. Linux system calls are converted because of endianness and 32/64 bit mismatches. Wine and Dosemu are the main targets for QEMU.
-
-* System mode emulation: QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherials. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual PCs on a single server.
-
-The majority of the program is under the [[LGPL]], with the system mode emulation under the [[GPL]].
-
-## <a name="External_links"> External links </a>
-
-* <http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/>
-* <http://kidsquid.com/cgi-bin/moin.cgi> QEMU Wiki
-* [Qemu on Windows](http://www.h7.dion.ne.jp/~qemu-win/)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f7cc93166ae25dc6936b7115f4196030c1eca288 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 00:26:42 +0200
Subject: UNIX.

---
 capability.mdwn                                |  2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn              | 12 ++++++------
 destructive_interference.mdwn                  |  2 +-
 documentation.mdwn                             |  2 +-
 extensibility.mdwn                             |  2 +-
 hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn            |  2 +-
 hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn                |  2 +-
 hurd/networking.mdwn                           |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/part2systemstructure.mdwn              | 15 +++++++++++++--
 hurd/ng/usecaseprivatekeys.mdwn                |  6 +++++-
 hurd/ng/usecaseuserfilesystem.mdwn             |  2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn                          |  7 ++++++-
 hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn                      |  7 ++++++-
 hurd/running/gnu/names.mdwn                    |  2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                         |  2 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                           |  2 +-
 ipc.mdwn                                       |  2 +-
 mechanism.mdwn                                 |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn         |  4 ++--
 microkernel/mach/history.mdwn                  |  6 +++++-
 persistency.mdwn                               |  4 ++--
 trust.mdwn                                     |  2 +-
 unix.mdwn                                      | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 24 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 unix.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index 8bb14f13..2d4d2ce8 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ sent a string to identify the file to B, the identifier lacks a
 than A intended.  Be ensuring that [[designation]] and [[authorization]] are
 always bound together, these problems are avoided.
 
-Unix file descriptors can be viewed as capabilities.  Unix file
+[[Unix]] file descriptors can be viewed as capabilities.  Unix file
 descriptors do not survive reboot, that is, they are not
 [[persistent|persistency]].  To work around this, [[ACL]]s are used to
 recover authority.
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index 0dc5f152..c4b665b7 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ virtualization using so-called logical partitions. (Similar to Linux-vserver,
 OpenVZ etc.)
 
 While subhurd allow creating a complete second system instance, with an own set
-of Hurd servers and UNIX daemons and all, there are also situations where it is
+of Hurd servers and [[UNIX]] daemons and all, there are also situations where it is
 desirable to have a smaller subenvironment, living withing the main system and
 using most of its facilities -- similar to a chroot environment. A simple way
 to create such a subenvironment with a single command would be very helpful.
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ ongoing.
 
 ## Fix File Locking
 
-Over the years, UNIX has aquired a host of different file locking mechanisms.
+Over the years, [[UNIX]] has aquired a host of different file locking mechanisms.
 Some of them work on the Hurd, while others are buggy or only partially
 implemented. This breaks many applications.
 
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ alltogether, the current Hurd implementation is based on
 variant of the original CMU [[microkernel/Mach]].
 
 Unfortunately, Mach was created about two decades ago, and is in turn based on
-even older BSD code.  Parts of the BSD kernel -- file systems, UNIX mechanisms
+even older BSD code.  Parts of the BSD kernel -- file systems, [[UNIX]] [[mechanism]]s
 like processes and signals, etc. -- were ripped out (to be implemented in
 [[userspace_servers|hurd/translator]] instead); while other mechanisms were
 added to allow implementing stuff in userspace.
@@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ shell script that uses xmlfs to extract some interesting information from an
 
 ## Allow Using `unionfs` Early at Boot
 
-In UNIX systems, traditionally most software is installed in a common directory
+In [[UNIX]] systems, traditionally most software is installed in a common directory
 hierachy, where files from various packages live beside each other, grouped by
 function: user-invokable executables in `/bin`, system-wide configuration files
 in `/etc`, architecture specific static files in `/lib`, variable data in
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ to do a detailed analysis of the problem.
 
 ## Lexical `..` Resolution
 
-For historical reasons, UNIX filesystems have a real (hard) `..` link from each
+For historical reasons, [[UNIX]] filesystems have a real (hard) `..` link from each
 directory pointing to its parent. However, this is problematic, because the
 meaning of "parent" really depends on context. If you have a symlink for
 example, you can reach a certain node in the filesystem by a different path. If
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ suggestions welcome... :-) )
 
 ## Secure `chroot` implementation
 
-As the Hurd attempts to be (almost) fully UNIX-compatible, it also implements a
+As the Hurd attempts to be (almost) fully [[UNIX]]-compatible, it also implements a
 `chroot()` system call.  However, the current implementation is not really
 good, as it allows easily escaping the `chroot`, for example by use of
 [[passive_translators|hurd/translator]].
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index c41e5a36..1cda81a6 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ the Solitaire program is instantiated and given all of the user's
 authority.  The program may delete all of the users files after
 publishing credit card and other sensitive information on the Internet.
 This type of interference is undesirable, however, generally practically
-unavoidable due to the way programs work on Windows (and Unix, for that
+unavoidable due to the way programs work on Windows (and [[Unix]], for that
 matter).
 
 The problem is that the callee has induced negative consequence for caller
diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn
index 4ac335be..45bb5ffc 100644
--- a/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/documentation.mdwn
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
     applied, comparisions to other systems.
 
 
-# Unix Programming
+# [[Unix]] Programming
 
   * *The C Programming Language* by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie,
     [order from
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index 1d6adc51..4ef70986 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
 means providing non-privileged mechanisms to extend existing objects and to
-introduce new objects.  UNIX is generally not an extensible system as it does
+introduce new objects.  [[UNIX]] is generally not an extensible system as it does
 not generally facilitate the hooking of system calls.  For instance, there is
 no way to hook into the virtual file system.  This has motivated the introduction
 of separate, parallel interfaces by both the GNOME and KDE projects to provide
diff --git a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
index f6073376..7aa3edac 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Grammatically speaking, what is the Hurd?"]]
 
-*Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons*.  *Hird*, in
+*Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.  *Hird*, in
 turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
 
 We treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an
diff --git a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
index d78913fb..6fa6c58d 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?"]]
 
-The distinction between `/` and `/usr` has historical reasons.  Back when Unix
+The distinction between `/` and `/usr` has historical reasons.  Back when [[Unix]]
 systems were booted from two tapes, a small root tape and a big user tape.
 Today, we like to use different partitions for these two spaces.  The Hurd
 throws this historical garbage away.  We think that we have found a more
diff --git a/hurd/networking.mdwn b/hurd/networking.mdwn
index bc33769a..6ed031ed 100644
--- a/hurd/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/networking.mdwn
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ where `N` is the numberic value fo the `PF_*` symbol.  Right now
 
 User programs open those files, and use the `socket_create` [[RPC]] to make a
 new socket.  With that socket, they can use the other `socket_*` RPCs and also
-the `io_*` RPCs.  The `socket_*` RPCs are essentially clones of the Unix
+the `io_*` RPCs.  The `socket_*` RPCs are essentially clones of the [[Unix]]
 syscalls in question.
 
 The only exception is `sockaddrs`, which are implemented as [[ports|libports]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/part2systemstructure.mdwn b/hurd/ng/part2systemstructure.mdwn
index 4ce8026f..0f94ff2a 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/part2systemstructure.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/part2systemstructure.mdwn
@@ -38,7 +38,12 @@ It is clear from this description that the child's existance is completely deter
 
 ## <a name="Canonical_Process_Destruction"> Canonical Process Destruction </a>
 
-Process destruction can be done either cooperatively, or forcibly. The difference corresponds approximately to the difference between SIGTERM and SIGKILL in Unix. To destroy a process cooperatively, a request message is sent to a special capability implemented by the child process. The child can then begin to tear down the program, and at some time send a request back to the parent process to ask for forced process destruction.
+Process destruction can be done either cooperatively, or forcibly.  The
+difference corresponds approximately to the difference between SIGTERM and
+SIGKILL in [[Unix]].  To destroy a process cooperatively, a request message is
+sent to a special capability implemented by the child process.  The child can
+then begin to tear down the program, and at some time send a request back to
+the parent process to ask for forced process destruction.
 
 Forced process destruction can be done by the parent process without any cooperation by the child process. The parent process simply destroys the primary container of the child (this means that the parent process should retain the primary container capability).
 
@@ -84,7 +89,13 @@ I will now describe some common applications that need to be supported, and how
 
 ## <a name="System_Services"> System Services </a>
 
-Unix-style suid applications have been proposed as one application for alternative process construction mechanisms. However, suid applications in Unix are, from the perspective of the parent, not confined, only isolated. Thus, they are readily replaced by a system service that is created by the system software, and that runs as a sibling to any user process. Only the ability to invoke the system service needs to be given to the user, not the ability to instantiate it.
+[[Unix]]-style suid applications have been proposed as one application for
+alternative process construction mechanisms.  However, suid applications in
+Unix are, from the perspective of the parent, not confined, only isolated.
+Thus, they are readily replaced by a system service that is created by the
+system software, and that runs as a sibling to any user process.  Only the
+ability to invoke the system service needs to be given to the user, not the
+ability to instantiate it.
 
 In fact, no gain can derived from letting the user instantiate system services. In Unix, system services run on durable resources, which the user can not revoke. Thus, the system service needs to acquire its resources from a container that is not derived from the user's primary container.
 
diff --git a/hurd/ng/usecaseprivatekeys.mdwn b/hurd/ng/usecaseprivatekeys.mdwn
index 612a8f25..3cb65af2 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/usecaseprivatekeys.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/usecaseprivatekeys.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 _Private Keys_ as used by SSH servers, clients and generally by any cryptographic software need to be stored and manipulated securely. These may get replaced with smartcards soon, but in the mean time it appears to be an interesting use case.
 
-All Unix systems that I am aware of do not allow secrets to be protected in a manner that I would feel is appropiate. A users compromised web browser could either read your private key file or talk to the very popular ssh-agent program and get your secrets out (not sure how popular distributions are configured, but it can be done).
+All [[Unix]] systems that I am aware of do not allow secrets to be protected in
+a manner that I would feel is appropiate.  A users compromised web browser
+could either read your private key file or talk to the very popular ssh-agent
+program and get your secrets out (not sure how popular distributions are
+configured, but it can be done).
 
 The requirements so far are:
 
diff --git a/hurd/ng/usecaseuserfilesystem.mdwn b/hurd/ng/usecaseuserfilesystem.mdwn
index 6dce5670..4e4fdf35 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/usecaseuserfilesystem.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/usecaseuserfilesystem.mdwn
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 These appear as _translators_ in the current Hurd and something similar needs to appear in the next hurd.
 
 * The user should be able to dynamically add and remove translators
-* For some reason it seems appropiate to have seperate namespaces (VFS's) for each user (this is quite a departure from Unix. [[SamMason]])
+* For some reason it seems appropiate to have seperate namespaces (VFS's) for each user (this is quite a departure from [[Unix]]. [[SamMason]])
 * translators can be used to expose the structure of an archive file
 * translators can be provide access to remote file systems
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index 322597ec..2ae2f2ca 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 
 # <a name="The_GNU_Operating_System"> </a> The GNU Operating System
 
-The GNU Operating System, or GNU System as it is more commonly known, will be a complete Unix-like operating system composed entirely of [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html). The creation of the GNU System is one of the goals of the [GNU Project](http://www.gnu.org/), which was [launched in 1983](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/initial-announcement.html) by [Richard Stallman](http://www.stallman.org/). 
+The GNU Operating System, or GNU System as it is more commonly known, will be a
+complete [[Unix]]-like operating system composed entirely of [free
+software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html).  The creation of the GNU
+System is one of the goals of the [GNU Project](http://www.gnu.org/), which was
+[launched in 1983](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/initial-announcement.html) by
+[Richard Stallman](http://www.stallman.org/).
 
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn
index 22bb5161..2a3629d7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 
 ## <a name="GNU_FSF_amp_RMS"> </a> GNU, FSF &amp; RMS
 
-GNU stands for GNU's Not Unix. It is a project announced in 1983 by [[RichardStallman]] (RMS). The Free Software Foundation ([FSF](http://www.fsf.org/fsf/fsf.html)) was founded in 1985 to act as a parent organization for GNU and many other projects. GNU and some non-GNU projects are now hosted on the [Savannah](http://savannah.gnu.org) platform similar to SourceForge.net.
+GNU stands for GNU's Not [[Unix]].  It is a project announced in 1983 by
+[[RichardStallman]] (RMS).  The Free Software Foundation
+([FSF](http://www.fsf.org/fsf/fsf.html)) was founded in 1985 to act as a parent
+organization for GNU and many other projects.  GNU and some non-GNU projects
+are now hosted on the [Savannah](http://savannah.gnu.org) platform similar to
+SourceForge.net.
 
 <dl>
 <dt>[[History]]</dt>
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/names.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/names.mdwn
index d470a632..fcab6a11 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/names.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/names.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-The GNU stands for GNU's Not Unix. It is a project as described in [[GNU]].
+The GNU stands for GNU's Not [[Unix]].  It is a project as described in [[GNU]].
 
 What can be confusing is the usage. GNU can stand for:
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 3a9784f7..1cf149bd 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This page discusses things for Unix systems, there is a separate page for
+This page discusses things for [[Unix]] systems, there is a separate page for
 [[Microsoft_Windows]] systems.
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 9cdd8a31..b9952931 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ that to access the indiviudal resources they use.
 This is primarily the [[backing_store]] and the node
 they attach to.  Typically, a translator can
 only be attached to a node by the node's owner.
-On Unix this is not possible because file systems
+On [[Unix]] this is not possible because file systems
 and the virtual file system are implemented in the
 kernel and thus have absolute access to the machine.
 As the protocols do not require any special privilege
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index 0e8d674a..7c0e16b2 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 IPC stands for interprocess communication.
 
-On Unix, interprocess communication can be achieved using pipes.
+On [[Unix]], interprocess communication can be achieved using pipes.
 This is inefficient for large amounts of data as the data must be
 copied.  This is generally not a problem as most services are
 provided by the Unix kernel and Unix is not designed to be
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index 6a96c656..c0a6b02c 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ As mechanisms determine the type of result, they necessarily
 impose some [[policy]] (rules).  Mechanisms that are referred
 to as policy-free are those that minimally impose policy.
 
-A process can be used to encapsulate a program instance.  On Unix,
+A process can be used to encapsulate a program instance.  On [[Unix]],
 a process is associated with a UID.  This UID, in part, determines
 what the process is authorized to do.  On a [[microkernel]],
 the policy that controls what resources a process may access
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index 7ed1ca57..608b6581 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ and the offset at which to install it.  (The first time
 a task maps an object, Mach sends an initialization message
 to the server including a control capability, which it uses
 to supply pages to the kernel.)  This is essentially
-the same as mapping a file into an address space on Unix
+the same as mapping a file into an address space on [[Unix]]
 using mmap.
 
 When a task faults, Mach checks to see if there is a memory
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index 35b5c2ef..10ba0fe2 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ so that no duplicate efforts end up.
 
         See [[GDB_stubs]].
 
-  * Make it run as a UNIX/Linux executable.
+  * Make it run as a [[UNIX]]/Linux executable.
 
       * Neal:
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
index a27595c0..a8951737 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ Mach has quite a history. Everything actually started at the University of Roche
 
 One of the engineers behind the project was Richard Rashid. In 1979 he moved his socks to Carnegie Mellon University to continue his research on message passing operating systems. The result emerged in 1981 and was called Accent.
 
-Accent kept running at CMU until 1984 but was by then being run over by UNIX. Rashid then decided to use an early embrace strategy and started designing the third generation OS project called Mach. By making Mach compatible with UNIX, Mach was supposed to gain a lot of available UNIX software.
+Accent kept running at CMU until 1984 but was by then being run over by
+[[UNIX]].  Rashid then decided to use an early embrace strategy and started
+designing the third generation OS project called Mach.  By making Mach
+compatible with UNIX, Mach was supposed to gain a lot of available UNIX
+software.
 
 Mach was a vast improvement over Accent. It incorporated parts commonly used today, such as: threads, better IPC, multiprocessor support and an advanced VM system.
 
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index 5bd4f524..17176708 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
-On Unix, files and directories are persistent but
-processes and file descriptors are not.  EROS is
+On [[Unix]], files and directories are persistent but
+processes and file descriptors are not.  [[microkernel/EROS]] is
 an example of an orthogonally persistent system:
 processes and capabilities also survive reboot.  To a
 process, it generally only looks as if it had not been
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index 46c762f0..f0d29a9c 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ user.
 When we say that a program trusts another, we mean that [[correctness]] of the
 former depends on the cooperation of the latter.  For instance, when a user runs
 ssh, the user's intention is that all communication is encrypted.  In this case,
-the user trusts that the ssh binary respects this intent.  In Unix, a program's
+the user trusts that the ssh binary respects this intent.  In [[Unix]], a program's
 [[tcb]] consists not only of the kernel (and all the drivers,
 file systems and protocol stacks that it contains) but every program running
 under the same UID; it is impossible to protect against 
diff --git a/unix.mdwn b/unix.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b313010a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# External
+
+  * Wikipedia page about [[wikipedia UNIX]].
+
+  * [*Standardizing
+    UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
+    article by David Chisnall.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d2a92ac3b41f8c2c954d7e5095c6d521b21841b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 12:53:28 +0200
Subject: GCC trunk porting.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7345d31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+For GCC trunk:
+
+Debian package has patches (for 4.3).  Some have been forwarded upstream.  (And
+have been ignored.)  [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] is working on getting them
+integrated.
+
+
+Additionally:
+
+  * `libgcc/configure.ac` might need to be aligned for us to the `*linux*`
+    cases.  Check.
+
+        checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
+        checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
+
+  * Also in other places: configure fragments that have `*linux*` cases
+    might/should often contain those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dcbeb1b3805add98c02f21d8c65238fe74ed6afb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 13:14:52 +0200
Subject: Link to ``build system: gcc_cv_libc_provides_ssp and
 NATIVE_SYSTEM_HEADER_DIR''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index b7345d31..f1879738 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ Debian package has patches (for 4.3).  Some have been forwarded upstream.  (And
 have been ignored.)  [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] is working on getting them
 integrated.
 
+  * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
+    NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
+
 
 Additionally:
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f66ef0a8c167c94d58ef3353e36bd0374c325893 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 13:22:08 +0200
Subject: Link to ``Port libgcc's configury for *-*-gnu*''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index f1879738..b9740d08 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@ integrated.
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
+  * [Port libgcc's configury for
+    \*-\*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html)
+
 
 Additionally:
 
-  * `libgcc/configure.ac` might need to be aligned for us to the `*linux*`
-    cases.  Check.
+  * `libgcc/configure.ac` [might
+    need](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html) to be
+    aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  Check.
 
         checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
         checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 58579a8df43fb35e8461344db704dead7028093c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 15:37:14 +0200
Subject: Amend.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index b9740d08..f25edf47 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ Additionally:
 
   * `libgcc/configure.ac` [might
     need](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html) to be
-    aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  Check.
+    aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  As well as at the end of
+    `libgcc/config.host`.  Check.
 
         checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
         checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 701c0b1aaf780e9656e63779b25fc272f2cb54b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 16:10:01 +0200
Subject: Link to ``[meta-bug]  bootstrap bugs for *-gnu*''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index f25edf47..9229de03 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ Debian package has patches (for 4.3).  Some have been forwarded upstream.  (And
 have been ignored.)  [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] is working on getting them
 integrated.
 
+  * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
+    \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
+
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2053bdd39c8b697fa1345490a365fc138ef3bad7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 16:31:12 +0200
Subject: Link to ``-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding mode''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 9229de03..3e869fe5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ integrated.
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
+      * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
+        mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
+
   * [Port libgcc's configury for
     \*-\*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 146b5447ea2782696cf7fefa490886e7a8e5d8bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 17:29:59 +0200
Subject: Link to ``[4.2/4.3/4.4 Regression] GNU Hurd bootstrap error:
 'OPTION_GLIBC' undeclared'' and
 ``http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 3e869fe5..74800ac7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ integrated.
   * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
     \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
 
+      * [\[4.2/4.3/4.4 Regression\] GNU Hurd bootstrap error: 'OPTION\_GLIBC'
+        undeclared](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=28102)
+
+          * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
+            GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
+
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a410fc72c16e82f6ff2d2ec66741fa9356beb939 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 22:20:15 +0200
Subject: Link to ``[PATCH] GNU/Hurd target configuration''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 74800ac7..12982253 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ integrated.
           * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
             GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
 
+          * [\[PATCH\] GNU/Hurd target
+            configuration](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00344.html)
+
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 97ac1996ea4193f37bec3378f08e6df836ceb915 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 23:52:43 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/open_issues]].

---
 hurd.mdwn             |  2 ++
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 8392abef..6f6aae4f 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@
 * [[Building]]
   * [[building/Cross-Compiling]]
 
+* [[Open_Issues]]
+
 # Developer References
 
 * [[Rules]]
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09fd83dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+
+This is a dumping ground for open issues.
+
+[[inline
+pages="hurd/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="hurd/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5272a450a78c75211402c227e0486c7d39cb9168 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 23:53:23 +0200
Subject: ``(ipc/mig) wrong reply message ID''.

---
 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9db996c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+    <tschwinge> # settrans -P -a /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.10.61 -g 192.168.10.1 -m 255.255.255.0
+    <tschwinge> Translator pid: 2289
+    <tschwinge> Pausing...
+    <tschwinge> pfinet: /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libports/create-internal.c:115: _ports_create_port_internal: Unexpected error: (ipc/mig) wrong reply message ID.
+    <neal> it would be nice to print out the id when those sorts of errors occur.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 51825a41665aa7dc5f32f3115320c769bf87ba99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 00:03:59 +0200
Subject: libfshelp in HURDLIBS for libtrivfs, libnetfs, libdiskfs?

---
 hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7717cef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[libtrivfs]] seems to use [[libfshelp]], but doesn't have it listed in
+`HURDLIBS`.  Should change that?  Same for [[libnetfs]] and [[libdiskfs]]?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 36876d309a8628bf618ac544f60c6de604db3052 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 12:11:35 +0200
Subject: Formatting.

---
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 0fd73b7b..0a1bfb3f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -8,29 +8,48 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-If you fixed a Debian package which FTBFS (fails to build from source), you should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
-
-If it is not a Debian-specific patch, you should strongly consider submitting the patch upstream for inclusion.  This applies even more so if it is a GNU package, or otherwise frequently used package, or you know upstream anyway.
-
-If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the [Debian alioth patch tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse). 
-
-If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should follow these guidelines:
-
- 
- * The submission address is <submit@bugs.debian.org>
- * Subject/Bug title should be "(source-package): FTBFS on hurd-i386: (reason)"
- * "Severity:" should be "important", **not "serious"**
- * "Version:" should be the version of the source package in unstable
- * Add "Tags: patch"
- * Add "User: debian-hurd@lists.debian.org"
- * Add "Usertags: hurd"
-
-In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386 and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build log from <http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php>.
-
-Then, explain the failure (Debian maintainers usually do not know much about Hurd-specific failures), and attach the patch.
+If you fixed a Debian package which *FTBFS* (fails to build from source), you
+should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
+
+If it is not a Debian-specific patch, you should strongly consider submitting
+the patch upstream for inclusion.  This applies even more so if it is a GNU
+package, or otherwise frequently used package, or you know upstream anyway.
+
+If you had to change the code considerably and are not 100% sure you did not
+introduce a regression, or are not very experienced with these kinds of code
+changes, you should first submit your patch for review to the [Debian alioth
+patch
+tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse).
+
+If the patch is trivial, or one of the Debian porters approved your patch for
+submission, submit the patch to the Debian BTS (bug tracking system).  You can
+either use the reportbug tool, or just simple mail.  In any case, you should
+follow these guidelines:
+
+  * The submission address is <submit@bugs.debian.org>.
+  * The mail's subject (which will become the bug's title) should be
+    `SOURCE-PACKAGE: FTBFS on hurd-i386: REASON`.
+  * The first lines of the mail's body (the so-called *pseudo-header*):
+      * `Severity: important` -- not *serious*.
+      * `Version: VERSION` -- the version of the source package in unstable.
+      * `Tags: patch` -- as/if you include a ready-to-be-applied patch.
+      * `User: debian-hurd@lists.debian.org`
+      * `Usertags: hurd`
+
+In the bug description, mention that the package fails to build on hurd-i386
+and (if possible) quote the failure.  If possible, point to the failing build
+log from <http://buildd.debian-ports.org/build.php> or elsewhere.
+
+Then, explain the failure (Debian maintainers usually do not know much about
+Hurd-specific failures), and attach the patch.
 
 The patch should be in unidiff form.
 
-If the package uses a patch system, it is preferable to submit the patch in a ready to use form (e.g. as a dpatch), but this is not required. Also, try to keep the patch small, e.g. do not submit a 100k autotools diff for a one-line change in configure.in or a Makefile.am, but in this case mention that autotools need to be rerun and let the maintainer choose (you can suggest you would file a complete diff if the maintainer prefers)
+If the package uses a patch system, it is preferable to submit the patch in a
+ready-to-use form (e.g. as a *dpatch*), but this is not required.  Also, try to
+keep the patch small, e.g., do not submit a 100 KiB autotools diff for a
+one-line change in `configure.in` or a `Makefile.am`, but in this case mention
+that autotools need to be rerun and let the maintainer choose (you can suggest
+you would file a complete diff if the maintainer prefers).
 
 Last but not least, try to be courteous.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b6700a8c2775a1eae68bb2f47e47945afa459a95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 12:21:53 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/contributing]] (Porting Applications): Move into other pages.

---
 contributing.mdwn                |  6 ++++++
 hurd/contributing.mdwn           | 22 ----------------------
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 21 ++++++++++++++++-----
 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index a04aff2a..acd977ea 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -64,9 +64,15 @@ and <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/> in general.
 
 ### Porting Packages
 
+Debian is currently the Hurd distribution of choice among Hurd users and
+developers.
+
 Here is a
 [[list_of_Debian_packages_that_need_porting|hurd/running/debian/porting]].
 
+You can also just [[install_Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] and find what
+doesn't work or suit you and try to improve that.
+
 ### Open Issues: GNU Hurd
 
 Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|hurd/Open_Issues]] for the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]].
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
index f083b9b8..b81f1c60 100644
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
@@ -8,28 +8,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-# Porting Applications
-
-Debian is currently the Hurd distribution of choice among Hurd
-users and developers.  Approximately half of the Debian archive
-has been compiled successfully on the Hurd, however, many
-programs fail to build for various reasons.  A [list of build 
-failures including error messages](http://unstable.buildd.net/buildd/hurd-i386_Failed.html)
-can be found, as well as a [preliminary analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html)
-of them. If you want to port any of these, file patches in the 
-[Alioth patch tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse)
- for review. It might be a good idea to record your intention 
-to port something in the [Alioth task tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/pm/task.php?group_project_id=34&group_id=30628&func=browse) so other people do not do duplicated work. You can also just 
-install the Hurd and find what doesn't work for you and port 
-it and then file patches for that package in [above patch tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/?atid=410472&group_id=30628&func=browse).
-Another important task is making sure that patches go upstream as 
-well, especially for GNU projects.
-
-If you want to further development, a list of interesting 
-projects is available in the [Alioth task tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/pm/task.php?group_project_id=35&group_id=30628&func=browse).
-Those projects are not necessarily Debian specific, but do
-not touch the Hurd proper.
-
 # Hurd Proper
 
 If you are interested in developping the Hurd proper, there is
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 16f39427..7ca91d37 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,11 +10,22 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Debian packages that need porting"]]
 
-A large amount of Debian source packages can (by now) simple be built for
-Debian GNU/Hurd systems.
+Approximately half of the Debian archive has been compiled successfully on the
+Hurd, however, many programs fail to build for various reasons.
 
-Here are listed some of those (the important ones, as they're, e.g., blocking
-other packages from being built) that need someone to work on them.
+A [list of build failures including error
+messages](http://unstable.buildd.net/buildd/hurd-i386_Failed.html) can be
+found, as well as a [preliminary
+analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them.
+
+It might be a good idea to record your intention to port something either in
+the list below or in the [Alioth task
+tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/pm/task.php?group_project_id=34&group_id=30628&func=browse)
+so other people do not do duplicated work.
+
+Aside from the Alioth task tracker, here is a list of some packages (the
+important ones, as they're, e.g., blocking other packages from being built)
+that need someone to work on them.
 
 When you have a patch to submit, please adhere to the [[patch_submission]]
 guidelines.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6665fb894bf19f91a40b82bf5620a67af116c77c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 12:40:49 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/contributing]]: Fold into [[contributing]].

---
 contributing.mdwn      |  5 +++++
 hurd/contributing.mdwn | 26 --------------------------
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/contributing.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index acd977ea..bad6463f 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ on the skills you have and the resources you intend to invest.
 
 Please spend some time with thinking about the items in this [[questionnaire]].
 
+Before you can significantly contribute, take some time to learn about the
+system, e.g., [[microkernels_for_beginners|microkernel/for_beginners]].  Until
+you can do the basic exercises listed there, you won't be able to significantly
+contribute to the Hurd.
+
 For more reading resources, please see this whole wiki, and also
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/devel.html>,
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html> for links to a bunch of documents,
diff --git a/hurd/contributing.mdwn b/hurd/contributing.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index b81f1c60..00000000
--- a/hurd/contributing.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# Hurd Proper
-
-If you are interested in developping the Hurd proper, there is
-plenty of work to do.  Before you can significantly contribute,
-take some time to learn about the system, e.g.,
-[[microkernels_for_beginners|microkernel/for_beginners]].  Until you can do the basic exercises
-listed there, you won't be able to significantly contribute to
-the Hurd.
-
-See the [[ToDo]].
-
-# GNU Mach
-
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] is the underlying microkernel used by the
-Hurd.  It has a number of deficencies;
-[[microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2299c7bdc2bbd6d0645e7d4bea17011ba745ce5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 12:59:14 +0200
Subject: Better state open issues for which project.

---
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                     | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn     | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
index 09fd83dd..d7dc4d99 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
-This is a dumping ground for open issues.
+This is a dumping ground for open issues for the GNU Hurd.
 
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
index 440e506f..433ec3ef 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
-This is a dumping ground for open issues.
+This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
 
 [[inline
 pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn
index 68c4e5b4..2d870695 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
-This is a dumping ground for open issues.
+This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
 
 [[inline
 pages="microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 157572a7b4a62f6f869adc79b992cc97b8db6a50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 13:00:23 +0200
Subject: Add copyright and licensing header.

---
 hurd/todo.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/todo.mdwn b/hurd/todo.mdwn
index 2d65f0c8..d0c9e625 100644
--- a/hurd/todo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/todo.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+
 For how best to contribte, see [[contributing]].
 
 This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c23fec2ca8803a226cbcd8c73313ee5701ffc7f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 13:14:08 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/todo]]: Split out the links to the CVS' TODO and tasks file as
 separate items.

---
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn | 14 ++++++++++++++
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 hurd/todo.mdwn                       |  8 --------
 3 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a053e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The canonical [tasks
+file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/tasks?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
+from the CVS archive.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..958502e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The canonical [TODO
+file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/TODO?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
+from the CVS archive.
diff --git a/hurd/todo.mdwn b/hurd/todo.mdwn
index d0c9e625..d9aab4d1 100644
--- a/hurd/todo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/todo.mdwn
@@ -9,17 +9,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-
-For how best to contribte, see [[contributing]].
-
 This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
 and applications that rely on the Hurd interfaces.
 
-The canonical TODOs from the CVS archive:
-
-* [TODO file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/TODO?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
-* [Task file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/tasks?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
-
 * psmisc
 
 The tools provided by the psmisc package are linux centric. Killall and pstree, for instance, require Linux's proc file system but could just as easily use Hurd's libps.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dc34cdb50bcddfc00a00aec389b034117956ae1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 13:14:58 +0200
Subject: [[hurd/todo]] -> [[hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list]].

---
 hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn | 119 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/todo.mdwn                       | 119 -----------------------------------
 2 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/todo.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9aab4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
+and applications that rely on the Hurd interfaces.
+
+* psmisc
+
+The tools provided by the psmisc package are linux centric. Killall and pstree, for instance, require Linux's proc file system but could just as easily use Hurd's libps.
+
+* tmpfs
+* ppp
+* unionfs/stowfs
+* supermount translator
+
+Related: [[KnownHurdLimits]]
+
+From Marcus, 2002:
+
+* xkb driver for console (for international users)
+* kbd leds in console (well, in general, Roland's new driver in oskit for that crap)
+* fixing fakeroot (it's buggy)
+* fixing tmpfs (it's buggy, Neal says it's Mach's fault)
+* adding posix shared memory (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
+* adding posix file locking (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
+* testing
+  * find + various filesystems (are inode numbers for . and .. sane?)
+  * ext2fs with other block sizes than 4096
+  * --help and --version and --usage in all programs
+    * I have seen ^V in some --help output, might be argp bug
+    * Verify that all options are documented clearly, and that no unimplemented options appear
+    * Is the short and long description in the help output correct?
+  * Is the return value of all programs correct (eg, does main() return a sane value)
+  * Is the suid bit correctly set for all installed programs?
+  * Translators
+    * Does settrans -g work? -fg?
+    * Does fsysopts work? Does setting options with fsysopts work?
+    * Does stat() work on all translated nodes and give proper data?
+    * What about chown, chmod (some translators should pass this through to the underlying node, esp in /dev!)
+    * Does statfs give correct data?
+    * Are all inode numbers and link counts correct?
+* We also should have a "make check" test suite. We can add this once Jeff finished his automake patches
+* pick up the other things
+  * pthread, definitely. Now that we are so close
+  * new console is basically done
+    * needs integration of course
+    * X switching support
+* there is certainly more to do ...
+
+Wolfgang list of [Easy tasks](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/help-hurd/2002-July/006413.html) on July 28, 2002:
+
+<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
+  <tr>
+    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Difficulty</strong></th>
+    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Task</strong></th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 0 </td>
+    <td> Check if all programs handle options (at least --help, --version and --usage; don't forget about the shell scripts) </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Check if all translators handle fsysopts </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Check if all translators respond to "settrans -g" </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> More tests of this kind </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Fix those of the above who don't work as intended </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Document (in doc/hurd.texi) all undocumented programs (translators as well as programs in utils/ and sutils/ and some others) </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Find a POSIX test suite, run it on GNU/Hurd, report the results </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Find more useful test suites to run </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 3 </td>
+    <td> Update INSTALL-cross </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Check if all the store classes in libstore work (we have many of them, look into the Makefile) </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 4 </td>
+    <td> Fix those who don't work </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Document all still undocumented store classes </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> The console is pretty new code, it told me it wants to get tested </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+Where difficulty 0 means trivial and 4 means tricky; the difficulty has nothing to do with the importance.
diff --git a/hurd/todo.mdwn b/hurd/todo.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d9aab4d1..00000000
--- a/hurd/todo.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
-and applications that rely on the Hurd interfaces.
-
-* psmisc
-
-The tools provided by the psmisc package are linux centric. Killall and pstree, for instance, require Linux's proc file system but could just as easily use Hurd's libps.
-
-* tmpfs
-* ppp
-* unionfs/stowfs
-* supermount translator
-
-Related: [[KnownHurdLimits]]
-
-From Marcus, 2002:
-
-* xkb driver for console (for international users)
-* kbd leds in console (well, in general, Roland's new driver in oskit for that crap)
-* fixing fakeroot (it's buggy)
-* fixing tmpfs (it's buggy, Neal says it's Mach's fault)
-* adding posix shared memory (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
-* adding posix file locking (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
-* testing
-  * find + various filesystems (are inode numbers for . and .. sane?)
-  * ext2fs with other block sizes than 4096
-  * --help and --version and --usage in all programs
-    * I have seen ^V in some --help output, might be argp bug
-    * Verify that all options are documented clearly, and that no unimplemented options appear
-    * Is the short and long description in the help output correct?
-  * Is the return value of all programs correct (eg, does main() return a sane value)
-  * Is the suid bit correctly set for all installed programs?
-  * Translators
-    * Does settrans -g work? -fg?
-    * Does fsysopts work? Does setting options with fsysopts work?
-    * Does stat() work on all translated nodes and give proper data?
-    * What about chown, chmod (some translators should pass this through to the underlying node, esp in /dev!)
-    * Does statfs give correct data?
-    * Are all inode numbers and link counts correct?
-* We also should have a "make check" test suite. We can add this once Jeff finished his automake patches
-* pick up the other things
-  * pthread, definitely. Now that we are so close
-  * new console is basically done
-    * needs integration of course
-    * X switching support
-* there is certainly more to do ...
-
-Wolfgang list of [Easy tasks](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/help-hurd/2002-July/006413.html) on July 28, 2002:
-
-<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
-  <tr>
-    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Difficulty</strong></th>
-    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Task</strong></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 0 </td>
-    <td> Check if all programs handle options (at least --help, --version and --usage; don't forget about the shell scripts) </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Check if all translators handle fsysopts </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Check if all translators respond to "settrans -g" </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> More tests of this kind </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Fix those of the above who don't work as intended </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Document (in doc/hurd.texi) all undocumented programs (translators as well as programs in utils/ and sutils/ and some others) </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Find a POSIX test suite, run it on GNU/Hurd, report the results </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Find more useful test suites to run </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 3 </td>
-    <td> Update INSTALL-cross </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Check if all the store classes in libstore work (we have many of them, look into the Makefile) </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 4 </td>
-    <td> Fix those who don't work </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Document all still undocumented store classes </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> The console is pretty new code, it told me it wants to get tested </td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-Where difficulty 0 means trivial and 4 means tricky; the difficulty has nothing to do with the importance.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4e6b06afee82d6ff4901ca4626f57a58638f2eea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tschwinge <tschwinge@web>
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2008 23:27:18 +0000
Subject: GDB: using port's ids as thread ids?

---
 hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df4b7bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+> One thing [I asked
+> myself](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html)
+> was, if gnu-nat.c couldn't be using the port's id as thread ids instead of a
+> locally auto-generated number.  Maybe the thread id of the main thread would
+> be preserved across execs this way
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7f14c89f460699cb6c4fbabee05955a16c839e7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2008 17:36:55 +0200
Subject: Rename file.

---
 hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn | 17 -----------------
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn           | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index df4b7bbc..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb__95__thread__95__ids.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
-
-> One thing [I asked
-> myself](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html)
-> was, if gnu-nat.c couldn't be using the port's id as thread ids instead of a
-> locally auto-generated number.  Maybe the thread id of the main thread would
-> be preserved across execs this way
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df4b7bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+> One thing [I asked
+> myself](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html)
+> was, if gnu-nat.c couldn't be using the port's id as thread ids instead of a
+> locally auto-generated number.  Maybe the thread id of the main thread would
+> be preserved across execs this way
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8de258e105f8e3d7c92c6cfa9e045cd6e624da54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2008 17:40:10 +0200
Subject: GDB: ``set exec-wrapper'' vs. gnu-nat.c's pending_execs counting.

---
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9d5c6d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>:
+
+GNU GDB's Ulrich Weigand:
+
+> Hmm.  It would appear that "set exec-wrapper" is currently broken with
+> the gnu-nat.c target, right?
+
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+>> Yeah, it appears so.  Don't know if it's possible to get rid of the local
+>> pending execs handling in gnu-nat.c.  An alternative would be to make
+>> pending_execs a property of inferior.h:`struct inferior' instead of of
+>> gnu-nat.c:`struct inf'.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1b9e1ac4fa0c4c2735150947d5b16e9c11607cc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2008 17:43:35 +0200
Subject: GDB: non-stop mode.

---
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c302251f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+GNU GDB's `gnu-nat.c` doesn't support *non-stop* mode.
+
+Also, from <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>,
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+> I also notice that when going through the shell in non-stop mode, it would be
+> more correct to resume all threads --- we don't want non-stop and its
+> scheduler-locking to apply to the shell.  Basically, non-stop should be off
+> if there are pending execs.  This was an existing issue, and doesn't affect
+> linux today, so I'll just ignore that for now, as it needs more tweaking to
+> fix.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 49cecd91a1daa75bdf702593c8397f28410179e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 28 Oct 2008 22:37:02 +0200
Subject: Added the page with an introduction to libnetfs.

---
 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn | 297 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 297 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41f39521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+#libnetfs
+
+WHAT IS THIS
+
+This document is an attempt at a short overview of the main concepts
+used in the process of development of translators using
+*libnetfs*. You will **not** find here a detailed description of the
+required callbacks (for this take a look at
+<http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/reference-manual/hurd.html>). You
+will **not** find a complete example of code either (usually,
+*unionfs* is suggested as an example)
+
+WHAT IS LIBNETFS
+
+*libnetfs* is a Hurd library used in writing translators providing
+some virtual directory structures. For example, if you would like to
+create a translator which shows a *.tar* archive in a unpacked way,
+you will definitely want to use *libnetfs*. However, it is important
+to understand one thing: real filesystem servers (like *ext3* and
+such) do **not** use *libnetfs*, instead, they rely on *libdiskfs*,
+which is, generally speaking, seriously different from *libnetfs*.
+
+All in all, *libnetfs* is the library you would choose when you want
+to write a translator which will show a file (or a directory) in a
+modified way (for example, if you'd like to show only *.sh* files or
+make an archive look unpacked). As different from *libtrivfs*, using
+*libnetfs*, you can show to your clients not just a single file, but a
+whole directory tree.
+
+HOW IT WORKS: SHORT DESCRIPTION
+
+With the aid of *libnetfs* a translator (supposedly) publishes a
+directory tree. All lookups in this directory tree are directed to the
+translator and the latter is free to provide whatever (consistent)
+information as the result of the lookup. Of course, all other usual
+requests like reading, writing, setting a translator, etc. are
+directed to the translator, too. The translator has either to
+implement the required functionality in the corresponding callback or
+just return an appropriate error code (for example, EOPNOTSUPP), if
+the callback is compulsory.
+
+THE MAIN CONCEPTS: NODES
+
+The most fundamental thing to understand about *libnetfs* is the
+notion of a **node**. Nearly always there are two types of nodes in a
+*libnetfs*-based translator:
+
+* Generic **node**, defined in *<hurd/netfs.h>*. This node contains
+  information read and written by the programmer (like field
+  *nn_stat*), as well as some internal information (like fields
+  *references* and *transbox*). Of course, the programmer is free to
+  use these fields at will, but they should know what they are doing.
+
+* Custom **netnode**, defined by the programmer and containing only
+  the information valuable for the programmer, but not for *libnetfs*.
+
+The generic node is probably the most important primitive introduced
+by *libnetfs*. Callbacks receive the nodes they should work with as
+parameters; some of them return nodes as the result of their
+operation. To some extent of certainty, a *libnetfs* node can be
+perceived similarly to a filesystem node -- the building-brick out of
+which everything is composed.
+
+As it can be seen from the definition in *<hurd/netfs.h>*, a reference
+to a netnode is stored in each generic node. In a way, a netnode can
+be perceived as the custom attachment to the information contained in
+a generic node. The link between these is quite strong. At first this
+might not look like a very important thing, but let's analyze a simple
+example: you would like to show the contents of a directory in a
+filtered way. As a filtering criterion you would like to use the
+result of the execution of a command specified as a command line
+argument to the translator. If a client looks up a 'file' in the
+directory tree provided by the translator, the latter should feed the
+name of the file to the filtering command and decide whether to hide
+this file or not upon receiving the result.
+
+To avoid trouble, the translator had better use the *absolute* name of
+'file'. Obviously, the translator would like to organize all of the
+nodes in a hierarchy. To make things work more or less fast, it is a
+reasonable decision to construct the absolute path to a node at
+creation and store it inside the netnode (which, in turn, is inside
+the node). However, such an approach is not a good one when using
+*libnetfs*. Generally speaking, a *new* generic node is created at
+each lookup, and, together with it, a new netnode is constructed. The
+conclusion is that a *libnetfs* node is a rather transient phenomenon,
+and when we want to store some information which is relatively
+expensive to obtain, we need something more than a generic node +
+netnode. At this moment most of the translators (like *unionfs*,
+*ftpfs*, etc.) introduce the concept of a **light node**.
+
+A **light node** is a user-defined node which contains some
+information expensive to obtain, which had better not be stored
+directly in a netnode. All netnodes, contained in generic nodes which
+resulted in lookups of the same file, share references (pointers,
+actually) to a single light node. Light nodes are created when the
+first attempt to lookup a file is done, and they are destroyed when no
+netnodes reference them. It is very important to understand that
+*libnetfs* does **not** enforce the programmer to define light
+nodes. Everything can be stored within netnodes inside generic
+nodes. Light nodes are just a matter of organizing data in an
+efficient way.
+
+Probably, you are already thinking ``Why cannot *netnodes* be shared?
+Why do we need yet another notion?''. The answer is that the link
+between a netnode and a *libnetfs* node should be one-to-one, because
+netnodes usually store information specific of *only one* node, whilst
+light nodes contain information common to several nodes. If one chose
+to share netnodes, one would not be able to store additional
+information per a *libnetfs* node, and this is quite a serious problem
+in most practical problems.
+
+WHY A LIBNETFS NODE IS NOT QUITE A FILESYSTEM NODE
+
+The most demonstrative argument in this case is the definition of
+*struct node* in *<hurd/netfs.h>*. If you try to find in this
+definition some reference to other generic node called *parent*, or an
+array of references called *children* (which would be quite classical
+for a member of a hierarchy), you will fail. There are fields *next*
+and *prevp*, but these are for internal use and only include the node
+in an internally maintained *list*, not a tree. Surprisingly enough,
+*libnetfs* does **not** manage the tree-like structure for you. You
+have to do that *on you own*. This is another moment when light nodes
+come triumphantly to light. Most *libnetfs*-based translators organize
+their light nodes in the tree-like structure reflecting the directory
+tree shown to the user. When a lookup is performed, a light node is
+either created or reused (if it has already been created in a previous
+lookup). The result of the lookup is a *libnetfs* node created basing
+on the information contained in the found light node.
+
+From the point of view of a *libnetfs* programmer, light nodes are the
+conceptual filesystem nodes. A translator knows who is the parent of
+who *only* from studying the links between light nodes. And a light
+node does contain a reference to its parent and an array of references
+to children. When a translator is asked to fetch a file, it finds this
+file in the tree of light nodes firstly, creates a *libnetfs* node
+based on the found light node, and returns the latter as the
+result. Therefore, it is not quite right to perceive *libnetfs* nodes
+as filesystem nodes. Instead, the focus of attention should stay upon
+light nodes.
+
+HOW IT WORKS: A MORE VERBOSE DESCRIPTION
+
+At first let us see how the a *libnetfs*-based translator responds to
+lookup requests. At the beginning the *netfs_attempt_lookup* callback
+is called. It knows the generic *libnetfs* node corresponding to the
+directory under which the lookup shall take place, the name it has to
+lookup, and the information about the user requesting the lookup. This
+callback is supposed to create a new *libnetfs* node corresponding to
+the requested file or return an error. As it has been said before,
+usually translators browse their hierarchy of light nodes to know
+whether a file exists within a directory or not. Note that
+*netfs_attempt_lookup* does not know the flags with which a
+*file_name_lookup* call is done, what it has to do is just to provide
+a new node or return an error.
+
+Then *netfs_validate_stat* callback is called and a node and
+information about the user is passed inside. This callback is a rather
+simple one: it has to assure that the *nn_stat* field of the supplied
+node is valid and up to date. Translators which mirror parts of real
+filesystem, like *unionfs*, usually treat the node corresponding to the
+root of their node hierarchy in a specific way. The reason is that the
+root node is not a mirror of a real file -- it is almost always a
+directory in translators of this kind.
+
+The third stage is an invocation of
+*netfs_check_open_permissions*. This callback is, probably, one of the
+simplest in most cases. It knows some information about the user
+requesting the open, about the node that is about to be returned to
+the user, and about the flags supplied by the user in the call to
+*file_name_lookup*. Besides that, this callback is provided with the
+information whether the requested lookup ended in creating a new file
+or whether the requested file already
+existed. *netfs_check_open_permissions* has to decide if the user has
+the right to access the resulting file under the permissions specified
+in flags. It has to return either 0 or the corresponding error.
+
+These are the most basic steps of the lookup. Note that if the file
+was requested with O_CREAT flag and *netfs_attempt_lookup* could not
+locate this file, *netfs_attempt_create_file* is called. In many ways
+a typical implementation of this callback might be similar to the
+implementation of *netfs_attempt_lookup*. However,
+*netfs_attempt_create_file* will most probably have to do less checks.
+
+Let's move to listing the contents of a directory. The corresponding
+callback, *netfs_get_dirents* is triggered when a user invokes
+*dir_readdir* upon a directory provided by the translator. The
+parameters of *netfs_get_dirents* are therefore very similar to the
+parameters of *dir_readdir*. Actually, translator *fakeroot* only
+calls *dir_readdir* in this callback and nothing more. In translators
+which need more complex handling (like filtering the contents) the
+code of this is more sophisticated. Sometimes the listing of directory
+entries happens in several stages: *netfs_get_dirents* may call
+something like *node_entries_get*, and the latter may invoke
+*dir_entries_get*. The latter function calls *dir_readdir* and
+converts the result to an array of *struct dirent*
+'s. *node_entries_get* converts the array of *struct dirent* 's to a
+linked list and decides whether a specific file shall be included in
+the result or not. Finally, *netfs_get_dirents* converts the linked
+list provided by *node_entries_get* to the format of the result of
+*dir_readdir* and returns the converted data to the user. The
+described stages are the stages of listing directory entries in
+*unionfs*, for instance.
+
+Other callbacks are, generally speaking, less sophisticated. For
+example, when the client wants to read (write) from a node provided
+by *netfs_attempt_lookup*, the callback *netfs_attempt_read*
+(*netfs_attempt_write*) is triggered. Both callbacks have sets of
+parameters to the corresponding *io_read* and *io_write* functions.
+
+While browsing the code of very many *libnetfs*-based translators, you
+might notice that they define callbacks starting with
+*netfs_S_*. Usually a name similar to that of one of the file
+management function follows (like netfs_S_*dir_lookup). These
+callbacks are triggered when the corresponding functions are called on
+files shown by the translator. Such translators override parts of the
+core functionality provided by *libnetfs* to achieve better
+performance or to solve specific problems.
+
+SYNCHRONIZATION IS CRUCIAL
+
+A *libnetfs* programmer shall always keep in mind that, as different
+from *libtrivfs*-based translators, *libnetfs*-based translators are
+always multithreaded. To guard data against damage each node
+incorporates a lock. Moreover, each light node usually contains a
+lock, too. This happens because *libnetfs* nodes and light nodes are
+loosely coupled and are often processed separately.
+
+NODE CACHE
+
+Most of *libnetfs* translators organize a *node cache*. However, this
+structure is not a real cache. The idea is to hold some control over
+life and death of *libnetfs* nodes. The cache is usually a
+doubly-linked list: each netnode contains a reference to the previous
+node in the cache and a reference to the next one. When a new node is
+created (for example, as a result of invocation of
+*netfs_attempt_lookup*), it is registered in the cache and its number
+of references is increased. It means that, by putting the node in the
+cache, the translators gets hold of an extra reference to the
+node. When in subsequent lookups the same nodes will be requested, the
+translator can just reuse an already existing node.
+
+Of course, the cache is limited in size. When the cache gets
+overgrown, the nodes located at the tail of the list are removed from
+the cache and the references to them are dropped. This triggers their
+destruction (undertaken by *libnetfs*).
+
+WHAT FILES ARE USUALLY CREATED
+
+If you take into a look at the sources *ftpfs* or *unionfs* you will
+notice files with names similar to the following:
+
+* cache.{c,h} -- here the node implementation of the node cache
+  resides.
+
+* lib.{c,h}, dir.{c,h}, fs.{c,h} -- these contain the implementation
+  of some internals. For example, the function *dir_entriesget*
+  mentioned in the description of the process of listing directory
+  entries, will most probably reside in one of these files.
+
+* options.{c,h} -- here the option parsing mechanism is usually
+  placed. Argp parsers are implemented here.
+
+* <*translator_name*>.{c,h}, netfs.c -- the implementation of *netfs_\**
+  callbacks will most probably lie in these files.
+
+WHAT NETNODES AND LIGHT NODES USUALLY CONTAIN
+
+A **netnode** usually contains a reference to a light node, some flags
+describing the state of the associated generic *libnetfs* node, and
+the references to the previous and the next elements in the node
+cache.
+
+A **light node** usually contains the name of the file associated with
+this light node, the length of this name, some flags describing the
+state of this light node. To make a light node fully usable in a
+multithreaded program, a lock and a reference counter are almost
+always incorporated in it. Since light nodes are organized in a
+hierarchical way, they contain a reference to their parent, a
+reference to their first child, and references to their siblings
+(usually not very descriptively called *next* and *prevp*).
+
+THE END
+
+I very much hope this piece of text was at least a little
+helpful. Here I tried to explain the things which I understood least
+when I started learning *libnetfs* and which confused me most. Feel
+free to complete this introduction :-)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 95f207922fd90be16c5330abd2eb3d80bedfbc04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:07:08 +0100
Subject: Removed dead Gentoo GNU/Hurd link, replaced with a working link to a
 stale try.

---
 hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
index b49e5bcc..89d5d9cf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[Gentoo-Hurd](http://hurd.rustedhalo.net/)
+* [Archived try at a Gentoo GNU/Hurd](http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/)
 
 Unofficial port to Gentoo and the portage system. It was
 [announced](http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=41939&amp;postdays=0&amp;postorder=asc&amp;start=0)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 60f5807975282dda897b75fa7151ad44c496a93d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:10:14 +0100
Subject: qemu: Added a link to my personal simple Hurd image.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 1cf149bd..434e248a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
   [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].
+* [Another image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
+  with a short intro in translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d79657b998d6be7b0d74631560bdb8b96194636d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:11:54 +0100
Subject: qemu: Short usage info.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 434e248a..c4b165c3 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
   [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].
 * [Another image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro in translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
+  It should work without any of the configuration below. 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7279c51a72632fdbd1a6fcd5e0da3247f24ecd2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:18:41 +0100
Subject: qemu: Removed dead link to old image.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index c4b165c3..eccbddc9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz
 (!) Note that the following are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
 volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
-* [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
-  [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].
-* [Another image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
+<!--* [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
+  [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].-->
+* [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro in translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
   It should work without any of the configuration below. 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a450a1d23a4bf76c3d3261e1b93ed3f05ad7ae59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:42:47 +0100
Subject: qemu: fixed typo.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index eccbddc9..fc64ff07 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 <!--* [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
   [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].-->
 * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
-  with a short intro in translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
+  with a short intro on translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
   It should work without any of the configuration below. 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8048640a49c954f756df4df651edb7b0c9d5c191 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:43:17 +0100
Subject: qemu: fixed markup.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index fc64ff07..a72aa4b3 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 <!--* [Disk image](http://www.numenor.art.pl/balrog/hurd/) with an installation of
   [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]].-->
+
 * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro on translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
   It should work without any of the configuration below. 
+
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a622da61d5a4cb619e8d138d11c33f78b39bb63e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 22:45:59 +0100
Subject: qemu: added contact name for disk image.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index a72aa4b3..c1b4a539 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro on translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
-  It should work without any of the configuration below. 
+  It should work without any of the configuration below. -[ArneBab](community/weblogs/ArneBab) 
 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2552a73beac503d5afcdc62063f6d5384abe0660 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Sat, 1 Nov 2008 00:53:33 +0100
Subject: running: qemu: intructions only needed to build your own image.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index c1b4a539..848a4654 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
 
-# What is Needed
+# What is Needed to create a QEMU image
 
 1. First thing is to install [[/QEMU]].
 2. A [grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From da0fb43a3b2cbb47bde840fbdb1433208278a7a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: scolobb <scolobb@web>
Date: Sat, 1 Nov 2008 06:35:47 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn | 34 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
index 41f39521..404ae3f0 100644
--- a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 #libnetfs
 
-WHAT IS THIS
+##What This Is
 
 This document is an attempt at a short overview of the main concepts
 used in the process of development of translators using
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ required callbacks (for this take a look at
 will **not** find a complete example of code either (usually,
 *unionfs* is suggested as an example)
 
-WHAT IS LIBNETFS
+##What libnetfs Is
 
 *libnetfs* is a Hurd library used in writing translators providing
 some virtual directory structures. For example, if you would like to
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ make an archive look unpacked). As different from *libtrivfs*, using
 *libnetfs*, you can show to your clients not just a single file, but a
 whole directory tree.
 
-HOW IT WORKS: SHORT DESCRIPTION
+##How It Works: Short Description
 
 With the aid of *libnetfs* a translator (supposedly) publishes a
 directory tree. All lookups in this directory tree are directed to the
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ implement the required functionality in the corresponding callback or
 just return an appropriate error code (for example, EOPNOTSUPP), if
 the callback is compulsory.
 
-THE MAIN CONCEPTS: NODES
+##The Main Concepts: Nodes
 
 The most fundamental thing to understand about *libnetfs* is the
 notion of a **node**. Nearly always there are two types of nodes in a
 *libnetfs*-based translator:
 
-* Generic **node**, defined in *<hurd/netfs.h>*. This node contains
+* Generic **node**, defined in *&lt;hurd/netfs.h&gt;*. This node contains
   information read and written by the programmer (like field
   *nn_stat*), as well as some internal information (like fields
   *references* and *transbox*). Of course, the programmer is free to
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ operation. To some extent of certainty, a *libnetfs* node can be
 perceived similarly to a filesystem node -- the building-brick out of
 which everything is composed.
 
-As it can be seen from the definition in *<hurd/netfs.h>*, a reference
+As it can be seen from the definition in *&lt;hurd/netfs.h&gt;*, a reference
 to a netnode is stored in each generic node. In a way, a netnode can
 be perceived as the custom attachment to the information contained in
 a generic node. The link between these is quite strong. At first this
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ to share netnodes, one would not be able to store additional
 information per a *libnetfs* node, and this is quite a serious problem
 in most practical problems.
 
-WHY A LIBNETFS NODE IS NOT QUITE A FILESYSTEM NODE
+##Why a libnetfs Node Is Not Quit a Filesystem Node
 
 The most demonstrative argument in this case is the definition of
-*struct node* in *<hurd/netfs.h>*. If you try to find in this
+*struct node* in *&lt;hurd/netfs.h&gt;*. If you try to find in this
 definition some reference to other generic node called *parent*, or an
 array of references called *children* (which would be quite classical
 for a member of a hierarchy), you will fail. There are fields *next*
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ result. Therefore, it is not quite right to perceive *libnetfs* nodes
 as filesystem nodes. Instead, the focus of attention should stay upon
 light nodes.
 
-HOW IT WORKS: A MORE VERBOSE DESCRIPTION
+##How It Wors: A More Verbose Description
 
 At first let us see how the a *libnetfs*-based translator responds to
 lookup requests. At the beginning the *netfs_attempt_lookup* callback
@@ -219,14 +219,14 @@ parameters to the corresponding *io_read* and *io_write* functions.
 
 While browsing the code of very many *libnetfs*-based translators, you
 might notice that they define callbacks starting with
-*netfs_S_*. Usually a name similar to that of one of the file
-management function follows (like netfs_S_*dir_lookup). These
+*netfs&#95;S&#95;*. Usually a name similar to that of one of the file
+management function follows (like netfs&#95;S&#95;*dir_lookup*). These
 callbacks are triggered when the corresponding functions are called on
 files shown by the translator. Such translators override parts of the
 core functionality provided by *libnetfs* to achieve better
 performance or to solve specific problems.
 
-SYNCHRONIZATION IS CRUCIAL
+##Synchronization is Crucial
 
 A *libnetfs* programmer shall always keep in mind that, as different
 from *libtrivfs*-based translators, *libnetfs*-based translators are
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ incorporates a lock. Moreover, each light node usually contains a
 lock, too. This happens because *libnetfs* nodes and light nodes are
 loosely coupled and are often processed separately.
 
-NODE CACHE
+##Node Cache
 
 Most of *libnetfs* translators organize a *node cache*. However, this
 structure is not a real cache. The idea is to hold some control over
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ overgrown, the nodes located at the tail of the list are removed from
 the cache and the references to them are dropped. This triggers their
 destruction (undertaken by *libnetfs*).
 
-WHAT FILES ARE USUALLY CREATED
+##What Files Are Usually Created
 
 If you take into a look at the sources *ftpfs* or *unionfs* you will
 notice files with names similar to the following:
@@ -270,10 +270,10 @@ notice files with names similar to the following:
 * options.{c,h} -- here the option parsing mechanism is usually
   placed. Argp parsers are implemented here.
 
-* <*translator_name*>.{c,h}, netfs.c -- the implementation of *netfs_\**
+* &lt;*translator_name*&gt;.{c,h}, netfs.c -- the implementation of *netfs_\**
   callbacks will most probably lie in these files.
 
-WHAT NETNODES AND LIGHT NODES USUALLY CONTAIN
+##What Netnodes and Light Nodes Usually Contain
 
 A **netnode** usually contains a reference to a light node, some flags
 describing the state of the associated generic *libnetfs* node, and
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ hierarchical way, they contain a reference to their parent, a
 reference to their first child, and references to their siblings
 (usually not very descriptively called *next* and *prevp*).
 
-THE END
+##The End
 
 I very much hope this piece of text was at least a little
 helpful. Here I tried to explain the things which I understood least
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3ed3669fbd07b76fa8cb73794640c57491962415 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 1 Nov 2008 16:59:16 +0100
Subject: Use proper wikilink.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 848a4654..7e4816f5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro on translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
-  It should work without any of the configuration below. -[ArneBab](community/weblogs/ArneBab) 
+  It should work without any of the configuration below. -[[community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 516e7d2203c2f9b2b45b64232705e12c6f6f31b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 4 Nov 2008 11:25:53 +0100
Subject: faq.en.in -> hurd/faq/old_faq

---
 faq.en.in            | 553 --------------------------------------------------
 hurd/faq/old_faq.txt | 562 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 562 insertions(+), 553 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 faq.en.in
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/old_faq.txt

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/faq.en.in b/faq.en.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 11e1c242..00000000
--- a/faq.en.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,553 +0,0 @@
-            Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Hurd
-
-This document attempts to answer the questions that most often plague
-users when they are talking about, installing, using, compiling and
-developing the GNU Hurd as well as its binary distribution Debian
-GNU/Hurd.  Be sure to read this before asking for help.
-
-The GNU Hurd is under active development and a stable version has not
-yet been released.  Be aware that:  there is a lot of work yet to be
-completed; you will find bugs; your system will crash.  That said, there
-is a lot of room for contributions at all levels:  development of the
-Hurd and Mach proper, porting applications, writing documentation and,
-most importantly, user feedback.
-
-Should you have a question that is not answered by this document and you
-feel that it should be, submit it and, if possible, with an answer.
-
-Each section is copyright its respective author(s).  Permission is
-granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms
-of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
-published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
-with no Front-Cover Texts and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the
-license is included in the file COPYRIGHT.
-
-                                                     Neal H Walfield
-						     neal@cs.uml.edu
-
-? Installation
-
-??	What partition type should I use for my GNU/Hurd partitions?
-
-{MB} You should use an ext2 filesystem.  Alternatively, you may use BSD
-style ufs.  The partition type number for ext2fs is 0x83 (this is the
-same as in Linux), not 0x63 (GNU HURD).  Thomas explains why 0x63 is the
-wrong choice:
-
-	One day we may have a new filesystem format, which would
-	probably be called the GNU Hurd filesystem format, and might
-	well use that partition code.
-
-Regardless, as Roland points out, it is always an error to use that code
-for an ext2fs partition, 
-
-??	How do I name partitions?
-
-{MB,NHW} I knew you would ask this.  If I had to reduce this FAQ to only
-one question, I'd choose this one.  It is pretty easy, but you have to
-know that there are actually several incompatibly naming convention.
-
-First, the Hurd:  if the disk is question is a SCSI disk, you must know
-the SCSI device number; if it is an IDE disk, you must know what
-controller the disk is on and whether it is a master or a slave.  The
-Hurd uses the BSD naming convention which, is to say, disks are ordered
-according to their physical location, numerically, starting from zero.
-This naming scheme is quite similar to that found in Linux.  There, the
-master disk on the primary controller is designated as `hda' and the
-slave as `hdb'.  On the secondary controller, the master and the slave
-are designated by `hdc' and `hdd' respectively.  Under the Hurd, `hda'
-would become `hd0', `hdb' would be referred to as `hd1', etc.
-
-In the Hurd, like in BSD, partitions are called `slices' and are
-numbered starting from one.  Thus, to name a particular partition, we
-take the disk name, append a `s' and the partition number.  Again, this
-is similar to Linux except, there is no `s'.  For instance, `hda1' would
-become `hd0s1'.
-
-GRUB, the boot loader, uses a completely different nomenclature: it
-probes the BIOS and appends each disk in turn to an array.  Both disks
-and partitions are enumerated using zero based arrays.  The format is:
-`hd (<disk>, <partition>)'.  Thus, `hd (0, 1)' refers to the second
-partition on the first drive detected by the BIOS.  As Grub now has tab
-completion, there is not a lot of guess work.
-
-??	Can I use partitions larger than 2GB?
-
-{MB} No, not currently.  The filesystem servers need to be changed to
-not map the whole store into memory, which is not too difficult.  For
-large files, some interfaces need to be changed, which is a bit harder
-but still doable.
-
-??	How much swap do I need?
-
-{NHW} Generally, a lot; once you run out, Mach panics.  I have at least
-128MB of ram and 256MB of swap on all of machines running GNU/Hurd.
-
-??	Can I share swap space between GNU/Linux and GNU/Hurd?
-
-{NHW} Yes.  The default pager recognises and respects Linux swap
-partitions.  It will also swap to a raw partition, i.e. anything that it
-does not recognize as Linux swap.  Therefore: BE CAREFUL.
-
-??	Why do I get ``Operation not permitted error''?
-
-{MB} You forgot to set the file system owner of the GNU/Hurd partition to
-``hurd''.  The Hurd uses additional information in the inodes to set
-translators.  To make this work, the partition must be marked as ``owned
-by the Hurd''.  This is normally done by passing the `-o hurd' option to
-`mke2fs' when creating ext2 system from other operating systems
-(filesystems created in GNU/Hurd automatically enable this option).
-If you failed to do this, you can still use the `e2os' script.
-
-??	After `native-install' is finished, I had to write tthhiiss
-	wwaayy.  In particular, I had to type `rreebboooott' to reboot.
-
-{MB} Funny, isn't it? In addition to the rescue `term' server in
-`/tmp/console', another `term' server got started and is clobbing the
-keyboard input.  After a reboot this problem vanishes as only one `term'
-server will remain.  If `tar' would support translator, we would not
-have this problem...  Even if you don't experience this problem right
-after the installation, reboot immediately so you don't hit this bug by
-accident.
-
-? Setup
-
-??	How do I add a swap partition?
-
-{MB} A swap partition is also called a paging file.  Usually, it is
-sufficient to add the swap partition to `/etc/fstab', just as you would
-under Linux.  You can swap to a Linux swap partition and the Hurd will
-honour the Linux swap signature (both versions).  The Hurd will just as
-happily swap to any other raw disk space and overwrite anything it
-finds.  So, be careful!
-
-If you want to swap to a file or make sure that it checks the Linux swap
-signature before, you need to edit `/boot/servers.boot'.  The syntax is
-the partition device file name plus, optionally, the swap file inside an
-ext2fs partition, followed by a space and then one of:
-`$(add-raw-paging-file)', `$(add-linux-paging-file)',
-`$(add-paging-file)'.  The first works with any partition or file and
-does not honour any swap signature or other data.  The second has a
-safety check and only uses the file if a Linux swap signature is found.
-The third looks for a swap signature first and falls back to raw paging
-if it failed to find one.  This is also the default for entries in
-`/etc/fstab'.
-
-??	How do I set up a network?
-	How do I set up a loopback device?
-
-{MB} In the former case, be sure that GNU Mach detected your network
-card.  Either way, you need to setup `pfinet'.  Documentation can be
-found at:
-
-	http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-server#pfinet
-
-Don't forget to fill in `/etc/resolv.conf', `/etc/hosts', etc.
-
-Of course, you only need to do this if the installation routine didn't
-do it for you.
-
-??	Can I use the GNU/Linux version of `e2fsck' on a GNU/Hurd partition?
-
-{MB} Yes, at least since `e2fsprogs-1.05'.  Check this with `e2fsck -V'
-first.
-
-{NHW} Do not try to defrag your partition as this utility does not know
-about translators.
-
-??	Why are pipes not working?
-
-{MB} `settrans -fgc /servers/socket/1 /hurd/pflocal' should help.
-
-? Usage
-
-??	Where is the documentation?
-
-{NHW,MM} There are neither man pages nor info nodes for the Hurd
-translators and commands.  Documentation lives inside of the binaries
-and can be found by passing the `--help' option to a given command.
-For instance:
-
-	# /hurd/ext2fs --help
-
-will tell you what types of options the ext2fs translator accepts.
-
-The GNU/Hurd User's Guide and the GNU Hurd Reference Manual both
-provide some help about the usage of and concepts behind the GNU Hurd.
-You can find them, among others, at:
-
-	http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html
-
-??	What is a translator?
-
-{MB} There is a text about translators available at:
-
-	http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator
-
-Read this and ask further questions on the mailing lists.
-
-??	What is the login shell?
-
-{MB} The Hurd has the concept of a not-logged in user.  This user has
-neither user ids nor groups ids.  This stems from the fact that the Hurd
-supports uid and gid sets and one possibility is, of course, the empty
-set.  Rather than deny access in this case, filesystems in the Hurd offer a
-fourth permission triplet (i.e. rwx) which is used to determine the
-privileges for users with no credentials.  This, however, needs to be
-enabled on a file by file basis.  By default, the `other' permission
-triplet is used.
-
-The Hurd login shell is a shell running with neither uids nor gids.  To
-restrict access to your files, either enable and change the fourth
-permission triplet or change the login shell of the `login' user in the
-password file to `/bin/loginpr' which implements the standard login
-prompt.
-
-??	How do I use non-US keyboard bindings?
-
-{NHW,FH} Take a look at:
-
-	http://www.xs4all.nl/~mgerards/xkb8.tar.gz
-
-If you want a Debian package, you can add to your
-'etc/apt/sources.list'
-
-	deb http://debian.duckcorp.org/unstable/binary-hurd-i386/ ./
-
-and then run
-
-    	 apt-get install console-driver-xkb.
-
-??	How do I enable color on the console?
-
-{NHW} If you are using the GNU Mach microkernel, you can set your
-terminal to `mach-color'.  For instance:
-
-	# export TERM=mach-color
-
-??	How can I enable virtual consoles?
-
-{AMS} This can be done by running the following command:
-
-	console -d vga -d pc_kbd -d generic_speaker /dev/vcs
-
-If something went wrong, or if you just wish to exit the Hurd console
-then hitting C-A-<backspace> will exit it.
-
-??	What is the status of X?
-
-{MB} It works!  The packages are available at any Debian ftp mirror.
-XFree86 4.0.2 is available, as are some of the v3 servers.  Instructions
-on how to use the packages are in the mailing list archive (link follow
-later).
-
-??	Why does X not work?
-
-{MB} Try `export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/X11R6/lib'.  This is a linker
-issue.  GNU/Hurd expects that `RPATH' is used, however, Debian takes
-certain measures to avoid this.  Note that this does not cut it for suid
-binaries because of security implications.  We expect to rectify this
-by using `RUNPATH', which is specified in the new ELF standard.
-
-??	What are these strange pids `2' and `3'?
-
-{MB} Two is the kernel, three is the default pager and four is the root
-filesystem.
-
-??	Why does `ps aux' give me strange output?
-
-{MB,MM} Try `ps Aux'.  Indeed, under GNU/Hurd, `ps aux' doesn't list
-all processes: it omits the session and group leaders, and the
-processes without parent.
-
-??	I have a hung process that I want to kill, however, `ps' is now
-	hanging too.
-
-{MB} Interrupt it and pass it the `-M' option.
-
-{NHW} By default, `ps' gathers information from both the proc server and
-the processes themselves (via their message port).  If a process it
-hung, it will not be able respond to its message port and thus, ps will
-wait forever.  The `-M' option instructs ps to not gather information
-that would require use of the message port.
-
-??	Where are ...
-
-{MB} `fdisk' and `dmesg' are not yet ported.
-
-Instead of `free', use `vmstat' and `vminfo'.
-
-For kernel messages, read `/dev/klog' directly.  Note, once you read
-this, it is gone forever.
-
-
-??	Is there a `/proc' filesystem?
-
-{MB} No.  Maybe there will be an emulation filesystem someday for
-programs that rely it.  If you are wondering about the empty `/proc'
-directory, this is a relict from a Debian GNU/Linux package
-(specifically, `base-files').
-
-You can probe for existing hardware devices with the devprobe utility.
-
-??	Why does the command `df' not work?
-
-{NHW} It does, you just have to tell it what filesystem to query.  E.g.
-
-	# df /
-
-??	Why are my translators dying?
-
-{NHW} Try passing the `-ap' flag to settrans.  By default, settrans only
-sets a passive translator, therefore, no output will show up on your
-terminal.  Using `-ap', however, sets both the active and the passive
-translator which, means that the translator starts immediately and its
-stderr is connected to you terminal.
-
-Additionally, the biggest problem is passing relative paths to passive
-translators.  You cannot predict what the current working directory of a
-translator will be when it is setup as a passive translator.
-
-??	Why can I `read' a directory?
-
-{MB} It is important to understand that there is nothing special about a
-directory under the Hurd, it is just another file.  This fits in with
-the translator concept where a translator can appear as a directory but
-provide also as a file.
-
-? Trouble shooting
-
-??	When the APM support in the BIOS spins down my disk drives, the
-	Hurd is unable to wake up.  What's wrong?
-
-{MB} APM is not supported in the current version of GNU Mach, sorry.
-Please disable APM in your BIOS setup.
-
-??	What are these messages referring to `default pager', `paging',
-	and `pager request'?
-
-{MB} The default pager handles virtual memory allocation.  If it can't
-allocate a new memory page because you are out of memory, some terrible
-things may happen.  Whenever you get errors referring to any of these,
-you either need more memory (make sure you have swap) or you have found
-a memory leak.
-
-??	What is a gratuitous error?
-
-{MB} This comes from `strerror(EGRATUITOUS)'.  If you check glibc's
-documentation, it will say that this error code has no purpose.  This,
-however, is not quite true.  You only get this when something terrible
-happens.  Thomas explains:
-
-	More precisely `EGRATUITOUS' officially means that some server
-	has responded in an impossible or protocol-violating fashion.
-	There are some cases in the Hurd where `EGRATUITOUS' is returned
-	and probably something else should be chosen instead.
-
-If you can reproduce this error message, please report it.
-
-??	What does ``computer bought the farm'' mean ?
-
-{FH} This message is the text that corresponds to the errno code
-`EIEIO'.  Roland McGrath explains:
-
-	That message is not output by any particular servers at
-	particular times; rather it is the perror text for the errno
-	code EIEIO, which is returned by various RPCs and functions
-	for a variety of "hopeless" error conditions.
-
-
-??	What does ``/dev/hd0s1: MOUNTED READ-ONLY; MUST USE `fsysopts
-	--writable''' mean?
-
-{NHW} In this case, /dev/hd0s1 was not unmounted cleanly.  The Hurd
-will, on boot up, run ``fsck -p'' on any partitions that it finds in
-/etc/fstab, so, you may want to consider adding this partition to that
-file.  If you are sure that the partition is fine, you can run:
-
-	# fsysopts /home --writable
-
-to ask the translator sitting on /home to change from read-only to
-read/write mode.  Note that the command is being sent to the filesystem
-and not the store (e.g. /dev/hd0s1).
-
-??	When GNU/Hurd crashes, GNU Mach automatically reboots.  Is
-	there anyway I can make it pause so I can write down the error?
-
-{MB} Pass the `-H' option to init (add it to the boot command line), and
-`init' will tell Mach to enter the kernel debugger instead to rebooting
-it.  At the debugger prompt (`db>'), you can type `reboot' any time to
-reboot the system.
-
-? Porting
-
-??	What programs have been ported?
-
-{NHW} A lot, take a look at the Debian archive.  Many programs, however,
-do not necessarily need to be ported; they have just never been
-compiled.
-
-??	Is porting easy?
-
-{NHW} Porting applications to GNU/Hurd is relatively easy assuming the
-application is POSIX compliant as GNU/Hurd does its best to be a
-conforming operating system.
-
-The most common error made by programmers is assuming the MAXPATHLEN and
-PATH_MAX are defined.  On most operating systems this is set to a few
-thousand, however, on GNU/Hurd, there is no maximum and thus, this is
-not set.  The correct thing to do is to submit a patch to the upstream
-author that allocates memory dynamically.
-
-??	How can I help?
-
-{NHW} A effort to compile all of the Debian packages is underway by Jeff
-Bailey.  Take a look at: 
-
-	http://people.debian.org/~jbailey/oasis/group/Debian/index.html
-
-to see what has been done and how you can help.
-
-? Compiling
-
-??	Where can I get the source?
-
-{AMS} Instructions on how to download the CVS tree from Savanah are
-avaiable at https://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd
-
-{NHW} To get the source to the latest debian package, look on any
-debian mirror.
-
-??	Can I cross compile?
-
-{NHW} Yes.  If you are running Debian GNU/Linux on IA32, this is quite
-easy as there is a cheap cross compiler available; all that is required
-is installing the gcc-i386-gnu and mig-i386-gnu Debian packages.  When
-running configure, you will have to specify tools directly:
-
-	# MIG=/usr/bin/i386-gnu-mig CC=/usr/bin/i386-gnu-gcc \
-	  ../src/hurd/configure ...
-
-If you are running another distribution, you will have to do this the
-long way.  You can find instructions at the Cross Compiling HOW-TO
-available at:
-
-	http://hurddocs.sourceforge.net/howto/cross.html
-
-Farid Hajji <farid.hajji@ob.kamp.net> also talks about his experiences
-at:
-
-	http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd-0012/msg00062.html
-
-??	Any general tips?
-
-{NHW} Yeah, building in the source tree is untested.  Try:
-
-	# ../src/hurd/configure ...
-
-? Development
-
-??	What is OSKit-Mach?
-
-{NHW,FH} There are two versions of GNU Mac that are in use: GNU Mach
-1.x and GNU Mach 2.x, formerly known as OSKit-Mach.  The former uses
-the drivers from Linux 2.0.x while the latter uses the University of
-Utah's OSKit library for drivers.  You can find out more about the
-OSKit library at:
-
- 	http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/oskit
-
-GNU Mach 2.x is usable, but some things are still missing or not
-working, like the serial port and scsi drivers.  This is why GNU Mach
-2.0 hasn't released yet and the two versions coexist.
-
-??	Where is the documentation?
-
-{NHW} There were several books written on the Mach kernel.  The
-information that they contain is still mostly pertinent and should be
-considered required reading for potential hackers.  They can be found
-at:
-
-	http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/doc/publications.html
-
-The documentation for the Hurd is quite inadequate.  The starting of a
-book, ``The GNU Hurd'' is in the doc directory in the Hurd source.  You
-can read this using:
-
-	# info hurd
-
-The authoritative place is, of course, the source code; that does not,
-however, mean that we would not welcome more documentation.  To get
-started, take a look at <hurd>/doc/navigating.
-
-??	How do I make sure that my code is POSIX compliant?
-
-{NHW} Unfortunately, you have to buy the POSIX standard from IEEE.  The
-Single Unix Specification version 2, a superset of POSIX, is available
-for free on the Internet.  Try:
-
-	http://www.unix-systems.org/online.html
-
-??	Who do I submit patches to?
-
-{NHW} If they are against the Hurd, Mach or MiG, send a patch to the
-bug-hurd mailing list.
-
-If they are against other packages, the Debian BTS is a good place.  In
-this case, be sure to advise the debian-hurd mailing list of the bug.
-
-??	In what format should patches for the Hurd and GNU Mach be?
-
-{MB} All patches should be sent in unified context diff format (option
-`-u' to GNU diff).  It is helpful for us if you also use the `-p'
-option which includes information about the function changed by a
-patch.  Changes that are similar can be grouped together in one file,
-but unrelated changes should be sent in seperate files.  The patches
-can be included in the message or as a MIME attachement.  They should
-not be compressed and/or archived unless they are very large, and if
-they are very large it is probably better to store them on-line at
-some place and only sent an URL.
-
-Write a ChangeLog entry for each change, following the format of the
-existing files.  Here is an example:
-
-	2000-12-02  Marcus Brinkmann  <marcus@gnu.org>
-
-		* ops.c (op_readlink): Before returning, check if the buffer
-	        pointed to by transp is ours.  If not, munmap it.
-	        (op_read): Likewise for bp.
-	        (op_readdir): Don't alloca a buffer here.  Instead initialize
-	        BUF and BUFSIZE to 0 and let the server (eh, MiG) do it.
-	        munmap BUF before returning.
-
-The file name and the name of the function changed should always be
-spelled out completely, and not abbreviated or otherwise mangled (like
-foo.{c,h}), because that would make searching for all changes to a
-file or function impossible.  Local variable names are all
-capitalized.  There are two spaces between sentences.  You can use
-``C-x 4 a'' in Emacs to add a new ChangeLog entry.  If you do that
-with the mark being in a function, Emacs will automatically fill in
-the file and function name for you.
-
-Do not send in a patch for the ChangeLog file.  Rather include the
-ChangeLog entries in the message that contains the patch.  Patches for
-ChangeLog files often conflict.
-
-If you have the original source tree in the directory `hurd-orig', and
-the modified source tree in the directory `hurd', the following
-command will produce a good patch (please make sure there are no extra
-files like backups in the modified tree, or leave away the option
-`-N').  You will need to collect the ChangeLog entries seperately.
-
-	# diff -x ChangeLog -Nurp hurd-orig hurd
-
-
-Answers were given by (in chronological order):
-* {NHW} Neal H Walfield  <neal@cs.uml.edu>
-* {MB} Marcus Brinkmann  <Marcus.Brinkmann@ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
-* {AMS} Alfred M. Szmidt <ams@gnu.org>
-* {OK} Ognyan Kulev	 <ogi@fmi.uni-sofia.bg>
-* {FH} Fr�d�ric Henry	 <neryel@reveries.info>
-* {MM} Manuel Menal	 <mmenal@hurdfr.org>
-
- vim:ts=8:sw=8:tw=72
diff --git a/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt b/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de76889e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+            Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Hurd
+
+This document attempts to answer the questions that most often plague
+users when they are talking about, installing, using, compiling and
+developing the GNU Hurd as well as its binary distribution Debian
+GNU/Hurd.  Be sure to read this before asking for help.
+
+The GNU Hurd is under active development and a stable version has not
+yet been released.  Be aware that:  there is a lot of work yet to be
+completed; you will find bugs; your system will crash.  That said, there
+is a lot of room for contributions at all levels:  development of the
+Hurd and Mach proper, porting applications, writing documentation and,
+most importantly, user feedback.
+
+Should you have a question that is not answered by this document and you
+feel that it should be, submit it and, if possible, with an answer.
+
+Each section is copyright its respective author(s).  Permission is
+granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms
+of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
+published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
+with no Front-Cover Texts and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the
+license is included in the file COPYRIGHT.
+
+                                                     Neal H Walfield
+						     neal@cs.uml.edu
+
+? Installation
+
+??	What partition type should I use for my GNU/Hurd partitions?
+
+{MB} You should use an ext2 filesystem.  Alternatively, you may use BSD
+style ufs.  The partition type number for ext2fs is 0x83 (this is the
+same as in Linux), not 0x63 (GNU HURD).  Thomas explains why 0x63 is the
+wrong choice:
+
+	One day we may have a new filesystem format, which would
+	probably be called the GNU Hurd filesystem format, and might
+	well use that partition code.
+
+Regardless, as Roland points out, it is always an error to use that code
+for an ext2fs partition, 
+
+??	How do I name partitions?
+
+{MB,NHW} I knew you would ask this.  If I had to reduce this FAQ to only
+one question, I'd choose this one.  It is pretty easy, but you have to
+know that there are actually several incompatibly naming convention.
+
+First, the Hurd:  if the disk is question is a SCSI disk, you must know
+the SCSI device number; if it is an IDE disk, you must know what
+controller the disk is on and whether it is a master or a slave.  The
+Hurd uses the BSD naming convention which, is to say, disks are ordered
+according to their physical location, numerically, starting from zero.
+This naming scheme is quite similar to that found in Linux.  There, the
+master disk on the primary controller is designated as `hda' and the
+slave as `hdb'.  On the secondary controller, the master and the slave
+are designated by `hdc' and `hdd' respectively.  Under the Hurd, `hda'
+would become `hd0', `hdb' would be referred to as `hd1', etc.
+
+In the Hurd, like in BSD, partitions are called `slices' and are
+numbered starting from one.  Thus, to name a particular partition, we
+take the disk name, append a `s' and the partition number.  Again, this
+is similar to Linux except, there is no `s'.  For instance, `hda1' would
+become `hd0s1'.
+
+GRUB, the boot loader, uses a completely different nomenclature: it
+probes the BIOS and appends each disk in turn to an array.  Both disks
+and partitions are enumerated using zero based arrays.  The format is:
+`hd (<disk>, <partition>)'.  Thus, `hd (0, 1)' refers to the second
+partition on the first drive detected by the BIOS.  As Grub now has tab
+completion, there is not a lot of guess work.
+
+??	Can I use partitions larger than 2GB?
+
+{MB} No, not currently.  The filesystem servers need to be changed to
+not map the whole store into memory, which is not too difficult.  For
+large files, some interfaces need to be changed, which is a bit harder
+but still doable.
+
+??	How much swap do I need?
+
+{NHW} Generally, a lot; once you run out, Mach panics.  I have at least
+128MB of ram and 256MB of swap on all of machines running GNU/Hurd.
+
+??	Can I share swap space between GNU/Linux and GNU/Hurd?
+
+{NHW} Yes.  The default pager recognises and respects Linux swap
+partitions.  It will also swap to a raw partition, i.e. anything that it
+does not recognize as Linux swap.  Therefore: BE CAREFUL.
+
+??	Why do I get ``Operation not permitted error''?
+
+{MB} You forgot to set the file system owner of the GNU/Hurd partition to
+``hurd''.  The Hurd uses additional information in the inodes to set
+translators.  To make this work, the partition must be marked as ``owned
+by the Hurd''.  This is normally done by passing the `-o hurd' option to
+`mke2fs' when creating ext2 system from other operating systems
+(filesystems created in GNU/Hurd automatically enable this option).
+If you failed to do this, you can still use the `e2os' script.
+
+??	After `native-install' is finished, I had to write tthhiiss
+	wwaayy.  In particular, I had to type `rreebboooott' to reboot.
+
+{MB} Funny, isn't it? In addition to the rescue `term' server in
+`/tmp/console', another `term' server got started and is clobbing the
+keyboard input.  After a reboot this problem vanishes as only one `term'
+server will remain.  If `tar' would support translator, we would not
+have this problem...  Even if you don't experience this problem right
+after the installation, reboot immediately so you don't hit this bug by
+accident.
+
+? Setup
+
+??	How do I add a swap partition?
+
+{MB} A swap partition is also called a paging file.  Usually, it is
+sufficient to add the swap partition to `/etc/fstab', just as you would
+under Linux.  You can swap to a Linux swap partition and the Hurd will
+honour the Linux swap signature (both versions).  The Hurd will just as
+happily swap to any other raw disk space and overwrite anything it
+finds.  So, be careful!
+
+If you want to swap to a file or make sure that it checks the Linux swap
+signature before, you need to edit `/boot/servers.boot'.  The syntax is
+the partition device file name plus, optionally, the swap file inside an
+ext2fs partition, followed by a space and then one of:
+`$(add-raw-paging-file)', `$(add-linux-paging-file)',
+`$(add-paging-file)'.  The first works with any partition or file and
+does not honour any swap signature or other data.  The second has a
+safety check and only uses the file if a Linux swap signature is found.
+The third looks for a swap signature first and falls back to raw paging
+if it failed to find one.  This is also the default for entries in
+`/etc/fstab'.
+
+??	How do I set up a network?
+	How do I set up a loopback device?
+
+{MB} In the former case, be sure that GNU Mach detected your network
+card.  Either way, you need to setup `pfinet'.  Documentation can be
+found at:
+
+	http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-server#pfinet
+
+Don't forget to fill in `/etc/resolv.conf', `/etc/hosts', etc.
+
+Of course, you only need to do this if the installation routine didn't
+do it for you.
+
+??	Can I use the GNU/Linux version of `e2fsck' on a GNU/Hurd partition?
+
+{MB} Yes, at least since `e2fsprogs-1.05'.  Check this with `e2fsck -V'
+first.
+
+{NHW} Do not try to defrag your partition as this utility does not know
+about translators.
+
+??	Why are pipes not working?
+
+{MB} `settrans -fgc /servers/socket/1 /hurd/pflocal' should help.
+
+? Usage
+
+??	Where is the documentation?
+
+{NHW,MM} There are neither man pages nor info nodes for the Hurd
+translators and commands.  Documentation lives inside of the binaries
+and can be found by passing the `--help' option to a given command.
+For instance:
+
+	# /hurd/ext2fs --help
+
+will tell you what types of options the ext2fs translator accepts.
+
+The GNU/Hurd User's Guide and the GNU Hurd Reference Manual both
+provide some help about the usage of and concepts behind the GNU Hurd.
+You can find them, among others, at:
+
+	http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html
+
+??	What is a translator?
+
+{MB} There is a text about translators available at:
+
+	http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator
+
+Read this and ask further questions on the mailing lists.
+
+??	What is the login shell?
+
+{MB} The Hurd has the concept of a not-logged in user.  This user has
+neither user ids nor groups ids.  This stems from the fact that the Hurd
+supports uid and gid sets and one possibility is, of course, the empty
+set.  Rather than deny access in this case, filesystems in the Hurd offer a
+fourth permission triplet (i.e. rwx) which is used to determine the
+privileges for users with no credentials.  This, however, needs to be
+enabled on a file by file basis.  By default, the `other' permission
+triplet is used.
+
+The Hurd login shell is a shell running with neither uids nor gids.  To
+restrict access to your files, either enable and change the fourth
+permission triplet or change the login shell of the `login' user in the
+password file to `/bin/loginpr' which implements the standard login
+prompt.
+
+??	How do I use non-US keyboard bindings?
+
+{NHW,FH} Take a look at:
+
+	http://www.xs4all.nl/~mgerards/xkb8.tar.gz
+
+If you want a Debian package, you can add to your
+'etc/apt/sources.list'
+
+	deb http://debian.duckcorp.org/unstable/binary-hurd-i386/ ./
+
+and then run
+
+    	 apt-get install console-driver-xkb.
+
+??	How do I enable color on the console?
+
+{NHW} If you are using the GNU Mach microkernel, you can set your
+terminal to `mach-color'.  For instance:
+
+	# export TERM=mach-color
+
+??	How can I enable virtual consoles?
+
+{AMS} This can be done by running the following command:
+
+	console -d vga -d pc_kbd -d generic_speaker /dev/vcs
+
+If something went wrong, or if you just wish to exit the Hurd console
+then hitting C-A-<backspace> will exit it.
+
+??	What is the status of X?
+
+{MB} It works!  The packages are available at any Debian ftp mirror.
+XFree86 4.0.2 is available, as are some of the v3 servers.  Instructions
+on how to use the packages are in the mailing list archive (link follow
+later).
+
+??	Why does X not work?
+
+{MB} Try `export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/X11R6/lib'.  This is a linker
+issue.  GNU/Hurd expects that `RPATH' is used, however, Debian takes
+certain measures to avoid this.  Note that this does not cut it for suid
+binaries because of security implications.  We expect to rectify this
+by using `RUNPATH', which is specified in the new ELF standard.
+
+??	What are these strange pids `2' and `3'?
+
+{MB} Two is the kernel, three is the default pager and four is the root
+filesystem.
+
+??	Why does `ps aux' give me strange output?
+
+{MB,MM} Try `ps Aux'.  Indeed, under GNU/Hurd, `ps aux' doesn't list
+all processes: it omits the session and group leaders, and the
+processes without parent.
+
+??	I have a hung process that I want to kill, however, `ps' is now
+	hanging too.
+
+{MB} Interrupt it and pass it the `-M' option.
+
+{NHW} By default, `ps' gathers information from both the proc server and
+the processes themselves (via their message port).  If a process it
+hung, it will not be able respond to its message port and thus, ps will
+wait forever.  The `-M' option instructs ps to not gather information
+that would require use of the message port.
+
+??	Where are ...
+
+{MB} `fdisk' and `dmesg' are not yet ported.
+
+Instead of `free', use `vmstat' and `vminfo'.
+
+For kernel messages, read `/dev/klog' directly.  Note, once you read
+this, it is gone forever.
+
+
+??	Is there a `/proc' filesystem?
+
+{MB} No.  Maybe there will be an emulation filesystem someday for
+programs that rely it.  If you are wondering about the empty `/proc'
+directory, this is a relict from a Debian GNU/Linux package
+(specifically, `base-files').
+
+You can probe for existing hardware devices with the devprobe utility.
+
+??	Why does the command `df' not work?
+
+{NHW} It does, you just have to tell it what filesystem to query.  E.g.
+
+	# df /
+
+??	Why are my translators dying?
+
+{NHW} Try passing the `-ap' flag to settrans.  By default, settrans only
+sets a passive translator, therefore, no output will show up on your
+terminal.  Using `-ap', however, sets both the active and the passive
+translator which, means that the translator starts immediately and its
+stderr is connected to you terminal.
+
+Additionally, the biggest problem is passing relative paths to passive
+translators.  You cannot predict what the current working directory of a
+translator will be when it is setup as a passive translator.
+
+??	Why can I `read' a directory?
+
+{MB} It is important to understand that there is nothing special about a
+directory under the Hurd, it is just another file.  This fits in with
+the translator concept where a translator can appear as a directory but
+provide also as a file.
+
+? Trouble shooting
+
+??	When the APM support in the BIOS spins down my disk drives, the
+	Hurd is unable to wake up.  What's wrong?
+
+{MB} APM is not supported in the current version of GNU Mach, sorry.
+Please disable APM in your BIOS setup.
+
+??	What are these messages referring to `default pager', `paging',
+	and `pager request'?
+
+{MB} The default pager handles virtual memory allocation.  If it can't
+allocate a new memory page because you are out of memory, some terrible
+things may happen.  Whenever you get errors referring to any of these,
+you either need more memory (make sure you have swap) or you have found
+a memory leak.
+
+??	What is a gratuitous error?
+
+{MB} This comes from `strerror(EGRATUITOUS)'.  If you check glibc's
+documentation, it will say that this error code has no purpose.  This,
+however, is not quite true.  You only get this when something terrible
+happens.  Thomas explains:
+
+	More precisely `EGRATUITOUS' officially means that some server
+	has responded in an impossible or protocol-violating fashion.
+	There are some cases in the Hurd where `EGRATUITOUS' is returned
+	and probably something else should be chosen instead.
+
+If you can reproduce this error message, please report it.
+
+??	What does ``computer bought the farm'' mean ?
+
+{FH} This message is the text that corresponds to the errno code
+`EIEIO'.  Roland McGrath explains:
+
+	That message is not output by any particular servers at
+	particular times; rather it is the perror text for the errno
+	code EIEIO, which is returned by various RPCs and functions
+	for a variety of "hopeless" error conditions.
+
+
+??	What does ``/dev/hd0s1: MOUNTED READ-ONLY; MUST USE `fsysopts
+	--writable''' mean?
+
+{NHW} In this case, /dev/hd0s1 was not unmounted cleanly.  The Hurd
+will, on boot up, run ``fsck -p'' on any partitions that it finds in
+/etc/fstab, so, you may want to consider adding this partition to that
+file.  If you are sure that the partition is fine, you can run:
+
+	# fsysopts /home --writable
+
+to ask the translator sitting on /home to change from read-only to
+read/write mode.  Note that the command is being sent to the filesystem
+and not the store (e.g. /dev/hd0s1).
+
+??	When GNU/Hurd crashes, GNU Mach automatically reboots.  Is
+	there anyway I can make it pause so I can write down the error?
+
+{MB} Pass the `-H' option to init (add it to the boot command line), and
+`init' will tell Mach to enter the kernel debugger instead to rebooting
+it.  At the debugger prompt (`db>'), you can type `reboot' any time to
+reboot the system.
+
+? Porting
+
+??	What programs have been ported?
+
+{NHW} A lot, take a look at the Debian archive.  Many programs, however,
+do not necessarily need to be ported; they have just never been
+compiled.
+
+??	Is porting easy?
+
+{NHW} Porting applications to GNU/Hurd is relatively easy assuming the
+application is POSIX compliant as GNU/Hurd does its best to be a
+conforming operating system.
+
+The most common error made by programmers is assuming the MAXPATHLEN and
+PATH_MAX are defined.  On most operating systems this is set to a few
+thousand, however, on GNU/Hurd, there is no maximum and thus, this is
+not set.  The correct thing to do is to submit a patch to the upstream
+author that allocates memory dynamically.
+
+??	How can I help?
+
+{NHW} A effort to compile all of the Debian packages is underway by Jeff
+Bailey.  Take a look at: 
+
+	http://people.debian.org/~jbailey/oasis/group/Debian/index.html
+
+to see what has been done and how you can help.
+
+? Compiling
+
+??	Where can I get the source?
+
+{AMS} Instructions on how to download the CVS tree from Savanah are
+avaiable at https://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd
+
+{NHW} To get the source to the latest debian package, look on any
+debian mirror.
+
+??	Can I cross compile?
+
+{NHW} Yes.  If you are running Debian GNU/Linux on IA32, this is quite
+easy as there is a cheap cross compiler available; all that is required
+is installing the gcc-i386-gnu and mig-i386-gnu Debian packages.  When
+running configure, you will have to specify tools directly:
+
+	# MIG=/usr/bin/i386-gnu-mig CC=/usr/bin/i386-gnu-gcc \
+	  ../src/hurd/configure ...
+
+If you are running another distribution, you will have to do this the
+long way.  You can find instructions at the Cross Compiling HOW-TO
+available at:
+
+	http://hurddocs.sourceforge.net/howto/cross.html
+
+Farid Hajji <farid.hajji@ob.kamp.net> also talks about his experiences
+at:
+
+	http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd-0012/msg00062.html
+
+??	Any general tips?
+
+{NHW} Yeah, building in the source tree is untested.  Try:
+
+	# ../src/hurd/configure ...
+
+? Development
+
+??	What is OSKit-Mach?
+
+{NHW,FH} There are two versions of GNU Mac that are in use: GNU Mach
+1.x and GNU Mach 2.x, formerly known as OSKit-Mach.  The former uses
+the drivers from Linux 2.0.x while the latter uses the University of
+Utah's OSKit library for drivers.  You can find out more about the
+OSKit library at:
+
+ 	http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/oskit
+
+GNU Mach 2.x is usable, but some things are still missing or not
+working, like the serial port and scsi drivers.  This is why GNU Mach
+2.0 hasn't released yet and the two versions coexist.
+
+??	Where is the documentation?
+
+{NHW} There were several books written on the Mach kernel.  The
+information that they contain is still mostly pertinent and should be
+considered required reading for potential hackers.  They can be found
+at:
+
+	http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/doc/publications.html
+
+The documentation for the Hurd is quite inadequate.  The starting of a
+book, ``The GNU Hurd'' is in the doc directory in the Hurd source.  You
+can read this using:
+
+	# info hurd
+
+The authoritative place is, of course, the source code; that does not,
+however, mean that we would not welcome more documentation.  To get
+started, take a look at <hurd>/doc/navigating.
+
+??	How do I make sure that my code is POSIX compliant?
+
+{NHW} Unfortunately, you have to buy the POSIX standard from IEEE.  The
+Single Unix Specification version 2, a superset of POSIX, is available
+for free on the Internet.  Try:
+
+	http://www.unix-systems.org/online.html
+
+??	Who do I submit patches to?
+
+{NHW} If they are against the Hurd, Mach or MiG, send a patch to the
+bug-hurd mailing list.
+
+If they are against other packages, the Debian BTS is a good place.  In
+this case, be sure to advise the debian-hurd mailing list of the bug.
+
+??	In what format should patches for the Hurd and GNU Mach be?
+
+{MB} All patches should be sent in unified context diff format (option
+`-u' to GNU diff).  It is helpful for us if you also use the `-p'
+option which includes information about the function changed by a
+patch.  Changes that are similar can be grouped together in one file,
+but unrelated changes should be sent in seperate files.  The patches
+can be included in the message or as a MIME attachement.  They should
+not be compressed and/or archived unless they are very large, and if
+they are very large it is probably better to store them on-line at
+some place and only sent an URL.
+
+Write a ChangeLog entry for each change, following the format of the
+existing files.  Here is an example:
+
+	2000-12-02  Marcus Brinkmann  <marcus@gnu.org>
+
+		* ops.c (op_readlink): Before returning, check if the buffer
+	        pointed to by transp is ours.  If not, munmap it.
+	        (op_read): Likewise for bp.
+	        (op_readdir): Don't alloca a buffer here.  Instead initialize
+	        BUF and BUFSIZE to 0 and let the server (eh, MiG) do it.
+	        munmap BUF before returning.
+
+The file name and the name of the function changed should always be
+spelled out completely, and not abbreviated or otherwise mangled (like
+foo.{c,h}), because that would make searching for all changes to a
+file or function impossible.  Local variable names are all
+capitalized.  There are two spaces between sentences.  You can use
+``C-x 4 a'' in Emacs to add a new ChangeLog entry.  If you do that
+with the mark being in a function, Emacs will automatically fill in
+the file and function name for you.
+
+Do not send in a patch for the ChangeLog file.  Rather include the
+ChangeLog entries in the message that contains the patch.  Patches for
+ChangeLog files often conflict.
+
+If you have the original source tree in the directory `hurd-orig', and
+the modified source tree in the directory `hurd', the following
+command will produce a good patch (please make sure there are no extra
+files like backups in the modified tree, or leave away the option
+`-N').  You will need to collect the ChangeLog entries seperately.
+
+	# diff -x ChangeLog -Nurp hurd-orig hurd
+
+
+Answers were given by (in chronological order):
+* {NHW} Neal H Walfield  <neal@cs.uml.edu>
+* {MB} Marcus Brinkmann  <Marcus.Brinkmann@ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
+* {AMS} Alfred M. Szmidt <ams@gnu.org>
+* {OK} Ognyan Kulev	 <ogi@fmi.uni-sofia.bg>
+* {FH} Frédéric Henry	 <neryel@reveries.info>
+* {MM} Manuel Menal	 <mmenal@hurdfr.org>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1b21d156dd420089325c0905f3814d0e12987f90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 09:37:40 +0100
Subject: Remove old redirection pages.  All URLs will change nevertheless.

---
 Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn                                 | 11 -----------
 community/self-organised_2008.mdwn                      | 11 -----------
 how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn                     | 11 -----------
 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn                                   | 11 -----------
 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn                | 11 -----------
 mailinglists.mdwn                                       | 11 -----------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn | 11 -----------
 7 files changed, 77 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 community/self-organised_2008.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 mailinglists.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn b/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 21448e60..00000000
--- a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=hurd/status]]
diff --git a/community/self-organised_2008.mdwn b/community/self-organised_2008.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 01b25578..00000000
--- a/community/self-organised_2008.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=meetings/self-organised_2008]]
diff --git a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn b/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 89df20e5..00000000
--- a/how_to_contribute_to_this_wiki.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=contributing/wiki]]
diff --git a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn b/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 1faa94c5..00000000
--- a/hurd/gettinghelp.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=getting_help]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2938c79a..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=debian/creating_image_tarball]]
diff --git a/mailinglists.mdwn b/mailinglists.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 709b1771..00000000
--- a/mailinglists.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c67e3e0..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardwarecompatibilitylist.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta redir=hardware_compatibility_list]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3e4d6668e36b252069b452259ac4a82279484dae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 10:59:09 +0100
Subject: asking_questions: New file.  Fill it with content from three pages
 and inline it there.

---
 asking_questions.mdwn  | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn |  7 +------
 irc.mdwn               |  7 +------
 mailing_lists.mdwn     |  6 +-----
 4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 asking_questions.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/asking_questions.mdwn b/asking_questions.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d58dee61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/asking_questions.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Before asking a question, first make an effort to find the answer to your
+question.  A lot of questions have been asked and answered before, so please
+spend some time trying to solve the problem on your own (e.g., [search the
+web](http://google.com/), search these web pages, etc.), and show us that you
+did so when you ask your question.
+
+When asking, (1) be details, and (2) demonstrate that you have made an effort,
+e.g., "I am having trouble frobbing the foo.  I searched the web and only found
+information regarding how to frob a bar, but that seems unrelated."  Provide as
+many relevant details as possible reproducing them as exactly as possible.
+
+Also consider these
+[guidelines](http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html).
diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
index 540dc851..342410dd 100644
--- a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -15,12 +15,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # Forums
 
-Please follow these [guidelines](http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html)
-when asking your question.  Namely: spend some time trying
-to solve the problem on your own (e.g., [search the web](http://www.google.com),
-use this wiki, etc.), show us that you did so when you
-ask your question, and provide as many relevant details as possible
-reproducing them as exactly as possible.
+[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
 
 * [[Mailing_lists]]
 * [[IRC]]
diff --git a/irc.mdwn b/irc.mdwn
index 6e97c7df..8ed9ef52 100644
--- a/irc.mdwn
+++ b/irc.mdwn
@@ -6,12 +6,7 @@ respect the below guidelines if you want to participate.
 
 # Asking Questions
  
-Please follow these [guidelines](http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html)
-when asking your question.  Namely: spend some time trying
-to solve the problem on your own (e.g., [search the web](http://www.google.com),
-use this wiki, etc.), show us that you did so when you
-ask your question, and provide as many relevant details as possible
-reproducing them as exactly as possible.
+[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
 
 # Staying On-Topic
 
diff --git a/mailing_lists.mdwn b/mailing_lists.mdwn
index 66ae1f58..9f16c341 100644
--- a/mailing_lists.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists.mdwn
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # On Posting
 
-Before asking a question on a list, first make an effort to find the answer
-to your question.  When you ask your question, (1) be details, and (2) demonstrate
-that you have made an effort, e.g., "I am having trouble frobbing the foo.  I
-searched the web and only found information regarding how to frob a bar, but
-that seems unrelated."
+[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
 
 List etiquette is to cc the sender and anyone **actively** involved in the
 discussion. Some people don't like this and they set their reply-to header
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8ec282ed60ae9f4b4462f6452d455f0850197993 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 11:02:28 +0100
Subject: This is no longer only a wiki, but will be the official pages.

---
 colophon.mdwn               |   8 ++++++++
 contributing.mdwn           |   6 +++---
 contributing/web_pages.mdwn |  18 ++++++++----------
 hurd/logo.mdwn              |   2 +-
 index.mdwn                  |  19 ++++++++-----------
 index/discussion.mdwn       |   3 ++-
 logo.png                    | Bin 17674 -> 0 bytes
 mailing_lists.mdwn          |   2 +-
 render_locally              |   4 ++--
 9 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 logo.png

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/colophon.mdwn b/colophon.mdwn
index a48849a9..d9b771a9 100644
--- a/colophon.mdwn
+++ b/colophon.mdwn
@@ -41,3 +41,11 @@ started adding content.
 On 2007-08-12 [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] finished the conversion of the
 TWiki content to [ikiwiki](http://ikiwiki.info).  Read
 [[about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion]].
+
+
+---
+
+# Rev. III
+
+In November 2008, [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] imported the Hurd's current web
+pages into this repository and made this the official GNU Hurd web appearance.
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index 8b38655f..4b731065 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ meant when people are talking about GNU/Hurd systems.
 
 This system has mostly been designed and implemented [in the
 '90s](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/history.html).  It works and is usable.
-For example, this wiki system [is running on a GNU/Hurd
+For example, these web pages are rendered on a [GNU/Hurd
 system](http://www.bddebian.com/cgi-bin/uptime).
 
 You can try it out for yourself: for getting access, installing
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ system, e.g., [[microkernels_for_beginners|microkernel/for_beginners]].  Until
 you can do the basic exercises listed there, you won't be able to significantly
 contribute to the Hurd.
 
-For more reading resources, please see this whole wiki, and also
+For more reading resources, please see these web pages, and also
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/devel.html>,
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html> for links to a bunch of documents,
 and <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/> in general.
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ project.
 If you're interested in contributing in this area, knowing the *Hurd on Mach*
 system nevertheless is a prerequisite.  At least have a deep look at the
 documentation pointers given in the previous section.  Also read through the
-[[HurdNG|hurd/ng]] section of this wiki.
+[[HurdNG|hurd/ng]] section.
 
 Please send email to the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list for discussing
 this post-Mach system design.
diff --git a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
index 45abeecc..4dc2e27c 100644
--- a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ projects:
   * Install your changes *early* and *often*: don't hold your contribution back
     until you think it is perfect.
 
-Before doing any changes, you are encouraged to play a bit in this wiki's
+Before doing any changes, you are encouraged to play a bit in the
 [[sandbox]], to become familiar with the [[ikiwiki/Markdown]] syntax.  Get some
 [[help_on_formatting|ikiwiki/formatting]].
 
@@ -27,12 +27,10 @@ Feel free to ask questions or report problems on every page's [[discussion]]
 sub-page.  They're reachable from the *Discussion* link on the top of the page,
 which will, when selected, create a new page if there isn't one yet.
 
-Every page on the site is editable.  Feel free to join in, but we do have some
-simple requests.  In an ideal wiki, everyone is equal and shares equal rights,
-liberties, responsibilities and common sense.  Please try to match the *tone*
-of your topics and edits with the existing topics.  If we all pull in the same
-direction the site will be more useful for everyone, especially for our own
-use.
+Every page on the site is editable, like in a wiki.  Feel free to join in, but
+we do have some simple requests.  Please try to match the *tone* of your topics
+and edits with the existing topics.  If we all pull in the same direction these
+pages will be more useful for everyone, especially for our own use.
 
 
 # Edit Via the Web Interface
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ use.
 When you found a page you want to work on, just follow the *Edit* link on the
 top of the page.  When doing this for the first time, this will first transfer
 you to a page where you have to create a wiki account.  After logging in, you
-can edit the wiki pages.
+can edit the pages.
 
 
 # Working on a Checkout of the git Repository
@@ -122,14 +120,14 @@ personal working copy.  You'll finally have to explicitly install your changes
 into the master repository, see below.
 
 
-You can also locally get the whole wiki rendered to html pages:
+You can also locally get the whole set of pages rendered to HTML:
 
 	$ wiki/render_locally
 	[...]
 	scanning contributing/web_pages.mdwn
 	rendering contributing/web_pages.mdwn
 	
-	Now open `wiki.rendered/index.html' to browse the wiki pages.
+	Now open `wiki.rendered/index.html' to browse the pages.
 
 
 If you like what you've done, then it's now time to publish your changes.
diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index b1030e50..fcfe22dd 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ sources](http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd.mf) to
 [[img boxes-redrawn.png]]
 
 
-This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this whole wiki.
+This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this web site.
 
 [[img /favicon.ico]]
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index c9d02976..410bf301 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[img logo.png alt="[] HURD-Wiki"]]
-
-Welcome to the **new** GNU Hurd wiki!
+Welcome to the GNU Hurd!
 
 **There is a huge bunch of unpolished stuff on here, please help us to tidy
 things up!**  Comments about how that could be tackled are best posted onto
@@ -72,9 +70,9 @@ Find more information about it at the
 
 There are [[various_possibilities|hurd/running]] of running a GNU/Hurd system.
 
-And this wiki is living proof of the usability of the Hurd, as it is served by a 
-Debian GNU/Hurd system. More people using GNU in production can be found on 
-[[Hurd/WhoRunsGNU]]. 
+And these web pages are a living proof of the usability of the Hurd, as they
+are rendered on a Debian GNU/Hurd system.  More people using GNU Hurd in
+production can be found on [[Hurd/WhoRunsGNU]].
 
 ## What is the Hurd?
 
@@ -121,9 +119,8 @@ Functional systems are installable in a dual-boot configuration.  Development
 systems are currently mostly based on the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] port
 sponsored by the [Debian project](http://www.debian.org/).
 
-Community resources for related projects focus around the official website
-<http://hurd.gnu.org/>, this site at <http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/>, the
-[[mailing_lists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
+Community resources for related projects focus around these pages,
+<http://hurd.gnu.org/>, the [[mailing_lists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
 
 If you want to see the current discussions in the Hurd project, please have a look at 
 the [bug-hurd mailinglist archives](http://lists.gnu.org/pipermail/bug-hurd/). 
@@ -134,11 +131,11 @@ the [bug-hurd mailinglist archives](http://lists.gnu.org/pipermail/bug-hurd/).
 ## How is this site arranged?
 
 The menu on the upper right corner provides a rough structuring about the
-available content.  Just follow those topics and explore the wiki.
+available content.  Just follow those topics and explore these pages.
 
 Further information about this site and how it was created can be found in the
 [[colophon]].
 
 ----
 
-This wiki is powered by [ikiwiki](http://ikiwiki.info/).
+These pages are powered by [ikiwiki](http://ikiwiki.info/).
diff --git a/index/discussion.mdwn b/index/discussion.mdwn
index aec8711d..9d40f011 100644
--- a/index/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/index/discussion.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # TODO
 
-Please add your comments here about what you think needs to be done on the wiki.
+Please add your comments here about what you think needs to be done on these
+web pages.
 
 
 ## What to Add
diff --git a/logo.png b/logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 2090f9db..00000000
Binary files a/logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/mailing_lists.mdwn b/mailing_lists.mdwn
index 9f16c341..130178a8 100644
--- a/mailing_lists.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists.mdwn
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Hurd-specific questions; for users of the Hurd.
 
 <http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/web-hurd>
 
-Discussion of the <http://hurd.gnu.org/> website and this wiki.
+Discussion of the <http://hurd.gnu.org/> web site.
 
 <a name="l4-hurd"></a>
 ## l4-hurd
diff --git a/render_locally b/render_locally
index 67c96fdb..e1c27748 100755
--- a/render_locally
+++ b/render_locally
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ dest=$src.rendered &&
 
 ikiwiki \
   --verbose \
-  --wikiname GNU\ Hurd\ wiki \
+  --wikiname GNU\ Hurd \
   --templatedir "$src"/.templates \
   --userdir user \
   --no-usedirs \
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ ikiwiki \
   "$src" "$dest" &&
 
 echo &&
-echo Now\ open\ \`"$dest"/index.html\'' to browse the wiki pages.'
+echo Now\ open\ \`"$dest"/index.html\'' to browse the web pages.'
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1025353771167067d3a6f8eca98ee3e7ece44be1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 12:29:44 +0100
Subject: Unify perhaps a thousand paragraphs stating what *the Hurd* is.
 Hurd/TheGnuHurd -> hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking
 -> hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking Hurd/HurdNames,
 hurd-name.html -> hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name Etc.

---
 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn                                | 64 ---------------
 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn                               | 30 -------
 hurd-name.html                                     | 53 -------------
 hurd.html                                          | 91 ----------------------
 hurd.mdwn                                          |  3 +-
 hurd/documentation.mdwn                            |  2 +
 hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn                | 42 ----------
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn                     | 42 ++++++++++
 .../gramatically_speaking.mdwn                     | 52 +++++++++++++
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn  | 48 ++++++++++++
 index.mdwn                                         | 48 +++---------
 old_hurd_faq.html                                  | 12 ---
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |  4 +-
 whatsnew.html                                      | 68 ----------------
 14 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 401 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd-name.html
 delete mode 100644 hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2cd05999..00000000
--- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[toc ]]
-
-# The Acronym
-
-Hurd stands for "Hird of Unix Replacing Daemons."
-
-Hird stands for "Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth."
-
-
-# Origin
-
-[Quoting ](http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2002-10/msg00099.html) Thomas Bushnell, BSG:
-
-The name "Hurd" was invented by me, as an alternate spelling for the English word "herd".
-"Hird" is just another alternate spelling for the same word. By the normal rules of
-English orthography, they all have the same pronunciations.
-
-
-# Spelling, Usage and Pronunication
-
-The Hurd has its share of linguistic debate. The subject of proper usage comes up quite often.
-
-We call our kernel replacement \`\`the Hurd.'' Although Thomas Bushnell, BSG states that the
-word \`\`Hurd'' is an acronym; we do not treat it as such, but rather as a concrete noun.
-It is widely regarded as incorrect to use the term \`\`HURD'' or \`\`H.U.R.D.'' So, to
-refer to the collection of servers running on top of the microkernel, we would say,
-\`\`I have upgraded to the latest version of the Hurd.'' Since the Hurd is part of
-the GNU Project, we also refer to it as \`\`GNU Hurd'' which is treated as a proper noun.
-
-The Hurd, in conjunction with Mach, forms the core of the GNU operating system.
-So, one can say \`\`I have installed GNU on my friend's new computer.'' The
-Debian Project clarifies this by using the name \`\`Debian GNU/Hurd'', because
-it also distributes the GNU/Linux variant of GNU.
-
-To pronounce the word \`\`Hurd,'' you should say the English word \`\`herd.'' This is pronounced as \`\`hɚd'' using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
-
-# In Other Contexts
-
-One contributor from Norway described two other uses of Hird.
-
-* "the kings men", a name given to the men accompanying the Norwegian kings at about 
-year 1000 and on.
-This was later coined by V. Quisling when he formed a party with
-nationalistic traits to denote a set of helpers promoting his agenda
-of national &amp; Nordic ideas.
-
-* A symbol of collaboration with the (German) enemy used in World War II.
-
-Perhaps unrelated: the "herd mentality" of folks is what the Hurd project
-and the the GNU project in general is fighting against, and using the Hurd it is 
-very easy to do so, since even normal users without privileged can change things 
-deep inside the system - without restricting others in any way (see 
-[translators](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator)). 
diff --git a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index dbd5c721..00000000
--- a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The Hurd is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels.
-
-The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different
-components may interact. The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual
-[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more [[extensible|extensibility]]
-system. These include interface definitions to manipulate files and
-directories and to resolve path names. This allows any process to
-implement a file system. The only requirement is that it have access
-to its backing store and that the principal that started it own the
-file system node to which it connects.
-
-The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols.
-They include fie systems, network protocols and authentication.
-The servers run on top of the [[microkernel/Mach]] [[microkernel]] and use
-Mach's [[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information.
-
-The Hurd development effort is a somewhat separate project from the
-Debian GNU/Hurd port. The Hurd is a component of the GNU operating
-system.
diff --git a/hurd-name.html b/hurd-name.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 946045d1..00000000
--- a/hurd-name.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>What the name Hurd means - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<H3>What the name ``Hurd'' means</H3>
-<A HREF="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg"><IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg"
-   ALT=" [image of a Hurd Metafont Logo] "
-   WIDTH="333" HEIGHT="80">&#32;(jpeg 10k)</A>
-<A HREF="/graphics/hurd_mf.jpg">(jpeg 20k)</A>
-<A HREF="/philosophy/gif.html">no gifs due to patent problems</A>
-
-<P>
-
-"Hurd" stands for "Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons".
-And, then, "Hird" stands for "Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth".
-
-<P>
-
-We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a
-pair of mutually recursive acronyms.
-
-<P>
-
----Thomas (formerly Michael I.) Bushnell
-
-<HR>
-
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-Other <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">ways to contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-Comments on these web pages to
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
-16 Feb 1998 tower
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd.html b/hurd.html
index b0eb9f80..d5dcf7b9 100644
--- a/hurd.html
+++ b/hurd.html
@@ -1,85 +1,3 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-<br>
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.cn.html">Chinese(Simplified)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.zh.html">Chinese(Traditional)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.nl.html">Dutch</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.el.html">Greek</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.it.html">Italian</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.pl.html">Polish</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.es.html">Spanish</A>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<P>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#introduction" NAME="TOCintroduction">Introduction to the Hurd</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#advantages" NAME="TOCadvantages">Advantages of the Hurd</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#name" NAME="TOCname">What the Hurd means</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#status" NAME="TOCstatus">Status of the project</A>
-</UL>
-<P>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCintroduction" NAME="introduction">Introduction to the Hurd</A></H3>
-<P>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
-The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel
-to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and
-other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar
-kernels (such as Linux).
-<P>
-Currently, the Hurd runs on IA32 machines.  The Hurd should, and
-probably will, be ported to other hardware architectures or other
-microkernels in the future.
-
 <H3><A HREF="#TOCadvantages" NAME="advantages">Advantages of the Hurd</A></H3>
 The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet (yet),
 but it does have a number of enticing features:
@@ -135,15 +53,6 @@ start using and developing it.
 </DD>
 </DL>
 
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCname" NAME="name">What the Hurd means</A></H3>
-According to Thomas Bushnell, BSG, the primary architect of the Hurd:
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-`Hurd' stands for `Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons'.  And, then, `Hird'
-stands for `Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth'.  We have here, to
-my knowledge, the first software to be named by a pair of mutually
-recursive acronyms.
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-
 <H3><A HREF="#TOCstatus" NAME="status">Status of the project</A></H3>
 <P>
 The Hurd, together with the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel, the GNU C Library
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 403c3df2..1577c1e5 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 
 # Introduction
 
-* [[TheGnuHurd]] - A Brief Description
-* [[HurdNames]] - Acronym, Origin and Usage
+* [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] - A Brief Description
 * [[History]]
 * [[Logo]]
 * [[Status]]
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index 4d431b0b..83fb9f0a 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+  * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]]
+
   * [[FAQ]]
 
   * <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html>
diff --git a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 7aa3edac..00000000
--- a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta title="Grammatically speaking, what is the Hurd?"]]
-
-*Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.  *Hird*, in
-turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
-
-We treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an
-article, as in *the Hurd*.  For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by
-the Hurd, not by Mach.*  Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*,
-*HURD*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*.
-
-We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the Hurd* when we want to emphasize that
-the Hurd is a GNU package.  Once this has been made clear, we usually use the
-shorter form, without *GNU*.
-
-The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system servers,
-but also many more programs.  This system is called *GNU*, or *the GNU
-operating system*.  The GNU programs can also run on other operating system
-kernels.  We say *GNU/Hurd* when we want to put emphasis on the fact that this
-is the GNU system running on top of the Hurd, and to contrast it with the
-GNU/Linux system which is GNU using Linux as the kernel.
-
-Finally, there is *Debian GNU/Hurd*. This refers to the distribution of the GNU
-system as created by the Debian developers.  For example: *What do you run on
-your laptop?  Debian GNU/Hurd, of course.*
-
-The French generally write *le Hurd*--that is, they treat the name as masculine
-singular, capitalized as in English.
-
-When we are referring to the microkernel, we say *Mach* and use it as a proper
-noun.  For example: *Mach uses the device drivers found in version 2.0.x of
-Linux.*  We sometimes say *the Mach microkernel* instead of just *Mach*.
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b125fc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]]
+
+The Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the [[Unix]] kernel.
+
+The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different
+components may interact.  The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual
+[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more
+[[extensible|extensibility]] system.  These include interface definitions to
+manipulate files and directories and to resolve path names.  This allows any
+process to implement a file system.  The only requirement is that it have
+access to its backing store and that the [[principal]] that started it own the
+file system node to which it connects.
+
+The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols.
+They include file systems, network protocols and authentication.
+The servers run on top of the [[microkernel/Mach]] [[microkernel]] and use
+Mach's [[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information.
+
+The Hurd supplies the last major software component needed for a complete
+[[GNU_operating_system|running/gnu]] as originally conceived by Richard
+M. Stallman (RMS) in 1983.  The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has
+guided the evolution of the [Free Software Foundation](http://fsf.org/), the
+organization that is the home of the [GNU project](http://gnu.org/gnu/).
+
+The Hurd development effort is a somewhat separate project from the
+[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] port.
+
+
+Read about what the GNU Hurd is [[gramatically_speaking]].
+
+Read about the [[origin_of_the_name]].
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5322693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]]
+
+> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.
+> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
+
+The Hurd has its share of linguistic debate.  The subject of proper usage comes
+up quite often.
+
+Although [[Thomas_Bushnell_states|origin_of_the_name]] that the word *Hurd* is
+an acronym; we do not treat it as such, but rather as a concrete noun.  We
+treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an article,
+as in *the Hurd*.  For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by the Hurd,
+not by Mach.* Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*, *HURD*,
+*H.U.R.D.*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*.
+
+Since the Hurd is part of the GNU Project, we also refer to it as *GNU Hurd*
+which is treated as a proper noun.  We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the
+Hurd* when we want to emphasize that the Hurd is a GNU package.  Once this has
+been made clear, we usually use the shorter form, without *GNU*.
+
+The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system servers,
+but also many more programs.  This system is called *GNU*, or *the GNU
+operating system*.  The GNU programs can also run on other operating system
+kernels.  We say *GNU/Hurd* when we want to put emphasis on the fact that this
+is the GNU system running on top of the Hurd, and to contrast it with the
+GNU/Linux system which is GNU using Linux as the kernel.
+
+Finally, there is *Debian GNU/Hurd*. This refers to the distribution of the GNU
+system as created by the Debian developers.  For example: *What do you run on
+your laptop?  Debian GNU/Hurd, of course.*
+
+The French generally write *le Hurd*--that is, they treat the name as masculine
+singular, capitalized as in English.
+
+When we are referring to the microkernel, we say *Mach* and use it as a proper
+noun.  For example: *Mach uses the device drivers found in version 2.0.x of
+Linux.*  We sometimes say *the Mach microkernel* instead of just *Mach*.
+
+
+To pronounce the word *Hurd*, you should say the English word *herd*.  This is
+pronounced as *hɚd* using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..677f100d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Origin of the Name"]]
+
+<!-- TODO.  Source?  -->
+
+According to Thomas Bushnell, the primary architect of the Hurd:
+
+> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.
+> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
+
+> We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a pair of
+> mutually recursive acronyms.
+
+[Quoting](http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2002-10/msg00099.html)
+him further:
+
+> The name *Hurd* was invented by me, as an alternate spelling for the English
+> word *herd*.  *Hird* is just another alternate spelling for the same word.
+> By the [[normal_rules_of_English_orthography|gramatically_speaking]], they
+> all have the same pronunciations.
+
+
+---
+
+<!-- TODO.  Source?  Or remove? -->
+
+In other contexts:
+
+One contributor from Norway described two other uses of Hird.
+
+  * "the kings men", a name given to the men accompanying the Norwegian kings at about 
+    year 1000 and on.
+    
+    This was later coined by V. Quisling when he formed a party with
+    nationalistic traits to denote a set of helpers promoting his agenda of
+    national and Nordic ideas.
+
+  * a symbol of collaboration with the (German) enemy used in World War II.
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 410bf301..2d4dc61d 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -9,7 +9,15 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Welcome to the GNU Hurd!
+What Is the GNU Hurd?
+
+The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
+The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel
+to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and
+other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar
+kernels (such as Linux).  *[[Read_on.|hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd]]*
+
+---
 
 **There is a huge bunch of unpolished stuff on here, please help us to tidy
 things up!**  Comments about how that could be tackled are best posted onto
@@ -74,40 +82,6 @@ And these web pages are a living proof of the usability of the Hurd, as they
 are rendered on a Debian GNU/Hurd system.  More people using GNU Hurd in
 production can be found on [[Hurd/WhoRunsGNU]].
 
-## What is the Hurd?
-
-The [[Hurd]] is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels.
-
-The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different
-components may interact.  The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual
-[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more
-[[extensible|Extensibility]] system.  These include interface definitions
-to manipulate files and directories and to resolve path names.  This allows
-any process to implement a file system.  The only requirement is that it
-have access to its backing store and that the principal that started it
-own the file system node to which it connects.
-
-The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols.  The
-servers run on top of [[microkernel/Mach]] and use Mach's
-[[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information.
-
-The word *Hurd* is commonly used to refer to one of the following:
-
-  * the Hurd software that runs on top of a [[microkernel]] (most precisely)
-  * a machine running the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] distribution
-  * the [GNU Hurd](http://hurd.gnu.org/) project including related dependent
-    projects
-  * HIRD of UNIX Replacing Daemons (arguably)
-    * HIRD is an acronym for HURD Interfaces Representing Depth (arguably)
-
-The [[Hurd]] supplies the last major software component needed for a complete
-[[GNU]] operating system as originally conceived by Richard M. Stallman (RMS)
-in 1983.  The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has guided the
-evolution of the [Free Software Foundation](http://www.fsf.org/), the
-organization that is the home of the [GNU project](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/).
-
-[[Hurd/HurdNames]]
-
 
 ## Current Status
 
diff --git a/old_hurd_faq.html b/old_hurd_faq.html
index b310824b..8162184d 100644
--- a/old_hurd_faq.html
+++ b/old_hurd_faq.html
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ Original Document by: Derek Upham <upham@cs.ubc.ca>
 Contents:
 
 Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
-Q1.  What is the Hurd?
 Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
 Q3.  Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
 Q4.  What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
@@ -52,17 +51,6 @@ You should receive a PGP-signed copy of the current version of this
 document in a matter of minutes.
 
 
-Q1.  What is the Hurd?
-
-The Hurd is the high-level operating system for GNU.  It is currently
-under development.  GNU was designed as a replacement for Unix, so the
-Hurd is multi-tasking and multi-user, POSIX-compliant, and will have
-networking and X-windows and all that good stuff.
-
-Hurd is an acronym for ``Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons''.  Hird, in
-turn, is an acronym for ``Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth''.
-
-
 Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
 
 To put it simply, you can't.  It is still under development (by
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 88723432..0ac0561c 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]]
+Welcome to...  [[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU
+Hurd!
 
 * **[[Home|/index]]**
 * **[[Community]]**
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 ---
 
 * **[[Hurd]]**[[if test="destpage(hurd*)" then="
-  * *[[About|Hurd/TheGnuHurd]]*
   * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]*
   * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
 * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
diff --git a/whatsnew.html b/whatsnew.html
index 7f2540ac..6c6a3340 100644
--- a/whatsnew.html
+++ b/whatsnew.html
@@ -1,71 +1,3 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.nl.html">Dutch</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.de.html">German</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.pl.html">Polish</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.sk.html">Slovak</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.es.html">Spanish</A>        <!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3>What is the GNU&nbsp;Hurd?</H3>
-<P>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
-The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel
-to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and
-other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar
-kernels (such as Linux).
-<P>
-If you have any news related to the Hurd project, feel free to send a
-news entry to <A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">web-hurd@gnu.org</A>
-so that it can be added here.
-<HR>
 <H3>What's new?</H3>
 <P>
 <DL>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9e633eb9e5bdeb91103ed75e49355dfc30b1d39d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 12:52:55 +0100
Subject: hurd.html -> hurd/status and hurd/advantages

---
 hurd.html               | 133 ------------------------------------------------
 hurd.mdwn               |   1 +
 hurd/advantages.mdwn    |  60 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/documentation.mdwn |   2 +
 hurd/status.mdwn        |  37 ++++++++++++--
 5 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 138 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/advantages.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.html b/hurd.html
deleted file mode 100644
index d5dcf7b9..00000000
--- a/hurd.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCadvantages" NAME="advantages">Advantages of the Hurd</A></H3>
-The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet (yet),
-but it does have a number of enticing features:
-<DL>
-<DT><STRONG>it's free software</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of the
-<A HREF="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License (GPL)</A>.</DD>
-<DT><STRONG>it's compatible</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-The Hurd provides a familiar programming and user environment.  For
-all intents and purposes, the Hurd is a modern Unix-like kernel.  The
-Hurd uses the <A HREF="/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C Library</A>,
-whose development closely tracks standards such as ANSI/ISO, BSD,
-POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and X/Open.
-</DD>
-<DT><STRONG>it's built to survive</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented
-structure that allows it to evolve without compromising its design.
-This structure will help the Hurd undergo major redesign and
-modifications without having to be entirely rewritten.
-</DD>
-<DT><STRONG>it's scalable</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that it runs
-efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors.
-The Hurd interfaces are designed to allow transparent network clusters
-(<I>collectives</I>), although this feature has not yet been
-implemented.
-</DD>
-<DT><STRONG>it's extensible</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel
-hacker or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology.  Every part
-of the system is designed to be modified and extended.
-</DD>
-<DT><STRONG>it's stable</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without
-rebooting the machine (not even accidentally).  Running your own
-kernel components doesn't interfere with other users, and so no
-special system privileges are required.  The mechanism for kernel
-extensions is secure by design: it is impossible to impose your
-changes upon other users unless they authorize them or you are the
-system administrator.
-</DD>
-<DT><STRONG>it exists</STRONG></DT>
-<DD>
-The Hurd is real software that works Right Now.  It is not a research
-project or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can
-start using and developing it.
-</DD>
-</DL>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCstatus" NAME="status">Status of the project</A></H3>
-<P>
-The Hurd, together with the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel, the GNU C Library
-and the other GNU and non-GNU programs in the GNU system, provide a
-rather complete and usable operating system today.  It is not ready
-for production use, as there are still many bugs and missing features.
-However, it should be a good base for further development and
-non-critical application usage.
-<P>
-The GNU system (also called GNU/Hurd) is completely self-contained
-(you can compile all parts of it using GNU itself).  You can run
-several instances of the Hurd in parallel, and debug even critical
-servers in one Hurd instance with gdb running on another Hurd
-instance.  You can run the X window system, applications that use it,
-and advanced server applications like the Apache webserver.
-<P>
-On the negative side, the support for character devices (like sound
-cards) and other hardware is mostly missing.  Although the POSIX
-interface is provided, some additional interfaces like POSIX shared
-memory or semaphores are still under development.
-<P>
-All this applies to the current development version, and not to the
-last release (0.2).  We encourage everybody who is interested to try
-out the latest development version, and send feedback to the Hurd
-developers.
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.cn.html">Chinese(Simplified)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.zh.html">Chinese(Traditional)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.nl.html">Dutch</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.el.html">Greek</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.it.html">Italian</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.pl.html">Polish</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.es.html">Spanish</A>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 1577c1e5..2805ddfc 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 # Introduction
 
 * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] - A Brief Description
+* [[Advantages]]
 * [[History]]
 * [[Logo]]
 * [[Status]]
diff --git a/hurd/advantages.mdwn b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff8c5560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet (yet),
+but it does have a number of enticing features:
+
+  * **it's free software**
+    
+    Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of the
+    [[GNU_General_Public_License_(GPL)|GPL]]
+
+  * **it's compatible**
+
+    The Hurd provides a familiar programming and user environment.  For all
+    intents and purposes, the Hurd is a modern Unix-like kernel.  The Hurd uses
+    the [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]], whose development closely tracks standards
+    such as ANSI/ISO, BSD, POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and X/Open.
+
+  * **it's built to survive**
+
+    Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented
+    structure that allows it to evolve without compromising its design.  This
+    structure will help the Hurd undergo major redesign and modifications
+    without having to be entirely rewritten.
+
+  * **it's scalable**
+
+    The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that it runs
+    efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors.  The
+    Hurd interfaces are designed to allow transparent network clusters
+    (*collectives*), although this feature has not yet been implemented.
+
+  * **it's extensible**
+
+    The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel
+    hacker or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology.  Every part of
+    the system is designed to be modified and extended.
+
+  * **it's stable**
+
+    It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without
+    rebooting the machine (not even accidentally).  Running your own kernel
+    components doesn't interfere with other users, and so no special system
+    privileges are required.  The mechanism for kernel extensions is secure by
+    design: it is impossible to impose your changes upon other users unless
+    they authorize them or you are the system administrator.
+
+  * **it exists**
+
+    The Hurd is real software that works Right Now.  It is not a research
+    project or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can start
+    using and developing it.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index 83fb9f0a..bb37a8be 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]]
 
+  * [[Advantages]]
+
   * [[FAQ]]
 
   * <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html>
diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index a84d7c45..b4ece046 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,19 +9,44 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The Hurd team doesn't create hurd-only releases, but instead relies 
-on a distribution done by folks from **Debian**. 
+The Hurd, together with the GNU Mach microkernel, the GNU C Library
+and the other GNU and non-GNU programs in the GNU system, provide a
+rather complete and usable operating system today.  It may not be ready
+for production use, as there are still many bugs and missing features.
+However, it should be a good base for further development and
+non-critical application usage.
+
+The GNU system (also called GNU/Hurd) is completely self-contained
+(you can compile all parts of it using GNU itself).  You can run
+several instances of the Hurd in parallel, and debug even critical
+servers in one Hurd instance with gdb running on another Hurd
+instance.  You can run the X window system, applications that use it,
+and advanced server applications like the Apache webserver.
+
+On the negative side, the support for character devices (like sound
+cards) and other hardware is mostly missing.  Although the POSIX
+interface is provided, some additional interfaces like POSIX shared
+memory or semaphores are still under development.
+
+All this applies to the current development version, and not to the
+last release (0.2).  We encourage everybody who is interested to try
+out the latest development version, and send feedback to the Hurd
+developers.
+
+
+The Hurd team doesn't create Hurd-only releases, but instead relies
+on a distribution done by folks from *Debian*.
 
 That Debian version closely tracks the progress of the Hurd 
 (and often includes many new features), 
 so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release. 
 
-The Debian GNU/Hurd [[distribution|running/debian]] offers **livecds and qemu images** 
+The Debian GNU/Hurd [[distribution|running/debian]] offers *LiveCDs and QEMU images*
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
 The most recent version of the Debian port at the time of writing 
-is **Debian GNU/Hurd K16**. 
+is *Debian GNU/Hurd K16*.
 
 
 That said, the last official release of the Hurd 
@@ -34,3 +60,4 @@ already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
 well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it would lessen the
 possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 
+
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ae9e4e22a7ce8b2b56e98ff1708c2e8d42eefd69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 14:58:33 +0100
Subject: microkernel/mach/gnumach -> microkernel/mach/gnu_mach

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn                  |   6 +-
 contributing.mdwn                                  |   6 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                 |   2 +-
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn                             |   2 +-
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 hurd/running.mdwn                                  |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach.mdwn                              |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn                     |  30 +++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn          | 222 +++++++++++++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn            | 114 +++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn    |  54 +++++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn           |  68 +++++++
 .../mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn | 111 +++++++++++
 .../hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn    |   4 +
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn         |  19 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn               |  15 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn           |  84 ++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn |  14 ++
 .../ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn        | 105 ++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn            | 129 ++++++++++++
 .../mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn  | 121 +++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn  |  13 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                      |  30 ---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn           | 222 ---------------------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn             | 114 -----------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn     |  54 -----
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn            |  68 -------
 .../mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn  | 111 -----------
 .../hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn    |   4 -
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn          |  19 --
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                |  15 --
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn            |  84 --------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn  |  14 --
 .../ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn        | 105 ----------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn             | 129 ------------
 .../mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn   | 121 -----------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn   |  13 --
 microkernel/mach/history.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn                 |   3 +-
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |   2 +-
 40 files changed, 1118 insertions(+), 1117 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index c4b665b7..8f2fe385 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ GSoC 2008. He is still working on some outstanding issues.
 
 Although a driver framework in userspace would be desirable, presently the Hurd
 uses kernel drivers in the microkernel,
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]. (And changing this would be far beyond a
+[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]. (And changing this would be far beyond a
 GSoC project...)
 
 The problem is that the drivers in GNU Mach are presently old Linux drivers
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ pthreads.
 
 The Hurd presently has no sound support.  Fixing this, [[GNU_Savannah_task
 5485]], requires two steps: the first is to port some other kernel's drivers to
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] so we can get access to actual sound
+[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] so we can get access to actual sound
 hardware.  The second is to implement a userspace server ([[hurd/translator]]),
 that implements an interface on top of the kernel device that can be used by
 applications -- probably OSS or maybe ALSA.
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ directories and attaching other translators.
 
 Although there are some attempts to move to a more modern microkernel
 alltogether, the current Hurd implementation is based on
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]], which is only a slightly modified
+[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]], which is only a slightly modified
 variant of the original CMU [[microkernel/Mach]].
 
 Unfortunately, Mach was created about two decades ago, and is in turn based on
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index 4b731065..f21a6f32 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ There are essential two kinds of Hurd system designs.
 ## Hurd on Mach
 
 For one there's the implementation of the *[[Hurd]] running on the
-[[GNU_Mach_microkernel|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]*.  This is what is commonly
+[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] microkernel*.  This is what is commonly
 meant when people are talking about GNU/Hurd systems.
 
 This system has mostly been designed and implemented [in the
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|hurd/Open_Issues]] for the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]].
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU Mach
 
-Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/gnumach/Open_Issues]] for
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]].
+Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/Open_Issues]] for
+[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]].
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU MIG
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 11afc97f..31722ead 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
         `gcc-4_3-branch` needs.
         -->
 
-* `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
+* `src/gnumach`: [[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]
 
     * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
 
diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
index 342410dd..c4f80ff9 100644
--- a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 # Essential Documentation
 
 * [[FAQ]]
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
 
 # Forums
 
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index ab649ebc..3de42be3 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
+[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
 device node below `/dev`...
 
 # Available Stores
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 162bc9ea..78815099 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
 * [[Live_CD]]
 * [[QEMU]] - In QEMU
 * [[vmware]] (**non-free!**)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
index 078b531f..7e63c724 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ microkernel currently used by the [[Hurd]].
 
 # Implementations
 
-* [[GNUMach]]
+* [[GNU_Mach]]
 * [[Mach/OskitMach]] - A Once Successor of Mach based on OSKit
 * [Apple's Darwin](http://developer.apple.com/darwin/) ([API](http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/KernelProgramming/index.html)) (**non-free**)
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d45549f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+GNU Mach is currently used by the GNU [[Hurd]].
+
+GNU Mach remains compatible with [[Mach]] 3.0.
+
+The majority of GNU Mach's [[device_driver]]s are from Linux 2.0.  They were
+added using glue code, i.e., a Linux [[emulation]] layer in Mach.
+
+GNU Mach runs on x86 machines.  See the
+[[hardware_compatibility_list]] and information about
+[[ports]] to other architectures.
+
+
+# Development
+
+* [[Building]]
+* [[Debugging]]
+* [[Boot_Trace]]
+* [[Projects]]
+    * [[Rules]]
+    * [[Open_Issues]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a08384f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
+
+
+> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: \_start
+
+> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: boot\_entry
+
+>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: c\_boot\_entry
+
+>>> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: discover\_x86\_cpu\_type
+
+>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: i386at\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/pic.c: picinit
+
+>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: mem\_size\_init
+
+>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_bootstrap
+
+>>>> i386/i386/gdt.c: gdt\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/idt.c: idt\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386at/int\_init.c: int\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/ldt.c: ldt\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/ktss.c: ktss\_init
+
+>>> kern/startup.c: setup\_main
+
+>>>> kern/debug.c: panic\_init
+
+>>>> kern/printf.c: printf\_init
+
+>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: wait\_queue\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/processor.c: pset\_sys\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> kern/ast.c: ast\_init
+
+>>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: pmap\_startup
+
+>>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>>> vm/vm\_external.c: vm\_external\_module\_initialize
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_map.c: vm\_map\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_kern.c: kmem\_init
+
+>>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/kalloc.c: kalloc\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_fault.c: vm\_fault\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_module\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/memory\_object.c: memory\_manager\_default\_init
+
+>>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_table.c: ipc\_table\_init
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_notify.c: ipc\_notify\_init
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_hash.c: ipc\_hash\_init
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_marequest.c: ipc\_marequest\_init
+
+>>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_init
+
+>>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_host\_init
+
+>>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_init
+
+>>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_enable
+
+>>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_processor\_init
+
+>>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
+
+>>>> kern/timer.c: init\_timers
+
+>>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: init\_timeout
+
+>>>> kern/xpr.c: xprbootstrap
+
+>>>> kern/time\_stamp.c: timestamp\_init
+
+>>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: mapable\_time\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: machine\_init
+
+>>>>> device/cons.c: cninit
+
+>>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: init\_fpu
+
+>>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: linux\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: init\_IRQ
+
+>>>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: reserve\_mach\_irqs
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/kernel/sched.c: linux\_sched\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: calibrate\_delay
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/kmem.c: linux\_kmem\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: pci\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: scan\_bus
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_fixup
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/net.c: linux\_net\_emulation\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/genhd.c: device\_setup
+
+>>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/block.c: blk\_dev\_init
+
+>>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/block/ide.c: ide\_init
+
+>>>>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/floppy.c: floppy\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/scsi/scsi.c: scsi\_dev\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/dev/net/core/dev.c: net\_dev\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/pcmcia-cs/glue/pcmcia.c: pcmcia\_init
+
+>>>>> i386/i386at/autoconf.c: probeio
+
+>>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: inittodr
+
+>>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_unmap\_page\_zero
+
+>>>> kern/task.c: task\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/syscall\_emulation.c: eml\_init
+
+>>>> kern/thread.c: thread\_init
+
+>>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: pcb\_module\_init
+
+>>>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: fpu\_module\_init
+
+>>>>>> i386/i386/iopb.c: iopb\_init
+
+>>>> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapper\_init
+
+>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: recompute\_priorities
+
+>>>> kern/mach\_factor.c: compute\_mach\_factor
+
+>>>> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
+
+[...]
+
+>>>> kern/startup.c: cpu\_launch\_first\_thread
+
+>>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: startrtclock
+
+>>>>>> i386/i386/pit.c: clkstart
+
+>>>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
+
+>>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: load\_context
+
+[...]
+
+> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
+
+> Threads get created.
+
+>> kern/sched\_prim.c: idle\_thread
+
+>> One for each CPU.
+
+>> kern/thread.c: reaper\_thread 
+
+>> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapin\_thread
+
+>> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_thread
+
+>> [...]
+
+>> kern/bootstrap.c: bootstrap\_create
+
+>> [...]
+
+>> vm\_pageout
+
+>> Does not return.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef0d8553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+Additional to the following text, a further [[example]] has be posted.
+
+
+# Building [[GNU_Mach]] from Source
+
+If you want to build the [[GNU_Mach]] kernel yourself instead of just using a
+pre-built binary, follow these instructions.
+
+The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (with all drivers
+enabled) is around 50 MiB.
+
+## Getting the Source Code
+
+### Developers's RCS
+
+See [here](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html#cvs).
+
+    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+
+(Most probably you want to get hold of the *GNU Mach 1 branch* and not the
+trunk, which is also what we've done above.)
+
+You then have to create the automatically generatable files:
+
+    $ ( cd gnumach && autoreconf --install )
+
+### What Debian is currently using
+
+See [here](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/gnumach).
+
+    $ apt-get source gnumach
+
+Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using `apt-get source`.
+
+## Preparing for the Build
+
+### ... on Debian systems
+
+Building GNU Mach requires the *build-essential* and *fakeroot* packages, their
+dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source gnumach
+package:
+
+    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
+    # apt-get build-dep gnumach
+
+### ... on non-Debian systems
+
+Apart from the case that you only want to install GNU Mach's header files (see
+below), building GNU Mach requires you to have the Mach Interface Generator
+installed.  See [[building_MIG|mig/building]] about how to do that, then come
+back here.
+
+Additionally, building GNU Mach requires a C compiler, a standard C library and
+your favourite flavor of awk (gawk) and GNU make.
+
+## Building and Installing
+
+### ... Debian `.deb` files
+
+Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked GNU Mach sources, e.g.
+
+    $ cd gnumach-20050801
+
+Start the build process with
+
+    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b -rfakeroot
+
+[[GNU_Mach]] is now building.  To use the new kernel, you must install the
+resulting `.deb` package which is located one directory above the build
+directory and has a similar name as the build directory, e.g.
+
+    # dpkg -i ../gnumach_20050801-4_hurd-i386.deb
+
+You can now reboot your computer and enjoy the new kernel.
+
+### [TODO]
+
+GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
+
+    $ mkdir gnumach-build
+    $ cd gnumach-build
+
+Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
+it:
+
+    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure [TODO]
+
+Build the kernel image:
+
+    $ make gnumach.gz
+
+Optionally run the (tiny) test suite:
+
+    $ make check
+
+You can then install and use `gnumach.gz`.
+
+[TODO.]
+
+### Installing only the Header Files
+
+GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
+
+    $ mkdir gnumach-build
+    $ cd gnumach-build
+
+Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
+it:
+
+    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure --prefix=
+
+Install the header files into e.g. `~/gnu/include/`:
+
+    $ make DESTDIR=~/gnu install-data
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6da05c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+## Compiling GNU Mach microkernel
+
+Host development system is IBM T41 running Debian Sarge 3.1r0a GNU/Linux.
+
+* gcc version: 3.3.5
+* GNU sed version: 4.1.2
+* GNU make version: 3.8
+* mig version: 1.3-4
+
+Obtained gnumach-1-branch sources from cvs:
+
+    export CVS_RSH="ssh"
+    cvs -z3 -d:ext:anoncvs@ savannah.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+
+Obtained mig_1.3-4_i386.deb from
+http://www.hadrons.org/~guillem/debian/pool/main/mig/. Installed it using dpkg:
+
+    dpkg -i mig_1.3-4_i386.deb
+
+Entered into the gnumach sources and did the following for compilation:
+
+    mkdir build
+    cd build
+    ../configure --host=i386-unknown-gnu0.2 --build=i586-pc-linux-gnu \
+      --enable-kdb --enable-ide
+    make
+
+The kernel file is created in the build directory.  Move it to /boot on the
+testing x86 system Hurd partition.  Rename it as gnumach1 and compress it:
+
+    mv kernel gnumach1
+    gzip gnumach1
+
+Add a new entry on the testing machine /boot/grub/menu.lst to boot the new
+kernel.
+
+    title GNU Hurd K10 Compiled gnumach
+    kernel (hd0,3)/boot/gnumach1.gz root=device:hd2s4 -s
+    module (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static--multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \\
+      --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} \\
+      --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create)$(task-resume)
+    module (hd0,3)/lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
+
+Reboot into the new compiled mygnumach1.gz kernel!
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa2a9d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
+[Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
+
+
+When you're [[running_a_system_in_QEMU|hurd/running/qemu]] you can directly
+[use GDB on the running
+kernel](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
+
+
+Alternatively you can use an approach like this one: add the following code
+snippet to `device/ds_routines.c`'s `ds_device_open` function, right at the top
+of the function, and modify the code as needed.
+
+      void D (char *s)
+      {
+        switch (s[0] - '0')
+          {
+          case 0:
+           printf ("Hello from %s!\n", __FUNCTION__);
+           break;
+          case 1:
+           printf ("%s: Invoking task_collect_scan.\n", __FUNCTION__);
+           extern void task_collect_scan (void);
+           task_collect_scan ();
+           break;
+          default:
+           printf ("No idea what you want me to do.\n");
+           break;
+          }
+      }
+    
+      if (name && name[0] == 'D')
+        D (name + 1);
+
+Then boot your system and do something like this:
+
+    # devprobe D0
+    Hello from D!
+    # devprobe D1
+    D: Invoking task_collect_scan.
+    # devprobe D2
+    No idea what you want me to do.
+
+This is especially useful if you need to manually trigger some stuff inside the
+running kernel, as with the *D1* example.
+
+
+If you're doing real low level debugging, you might want to put variations of
+the following snipped into the code, this code will write a `#` character at
+line `[LINE]`, column `[COLUMN]` on the screen:
+
+    *((char *) 0xb8000 + 2 * ([LINE] * 80 + [COLUMN])) = '#';
+    halt_cpu ();
+
+The call of `halt_cpu` will -- as the name suggests -- halt the system
+afterwards.  This might be what you want or it might not, but it is needed at
+some place when running the kernel inside QEMU, as QEMU somehow decides not to
+update its display buffer anymore under certain conditions.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09882467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# CPU Architecture
+
+GNU Mach current only supports the `x86` (alias `ia32` or `i386`) architecture.
+
+`amd64`/`ix64` should work in `32-bit` compatibility mode. However, in practice
+`amd64` systems seem to be troublesome more often than not. This is probably
+related to the same (chipset-related) problems we often see with recent
+machines; but it seems that `amd64` ones use problematic chipsets particularily
+often. So far we haven't heard of similar problems with Intel's eqivalent
+`ix64` (or `EM64T` as it used to be called) -- but maybe that just means fewer
+people tried running the Hurd on such machines :-)
+
+Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
+[Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
+only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
+
+Read about further [[ports]].
+
+# Memory
+
+GNU Mach will use a maximum of 1 GiB of RAM.  If your system has more,
+the surplus will silently be ignored.  (In past times, this would hinder GNU
+Mach from booting at all, but this has been fixed, so you no longer need to
+apply GRUB's `uppermem` directive.)
+
+# Video Cards
+
+Debian distributes a version of [X.org](http://x.org/).  If your video card driver
+depends on a special kernel interface such as that provided by
+the `agpgart` kernel module for the Linux kernel, then your video
+card will only be supported by the VESA driver.
+
+Using an internal i815 videocard [won't
+work](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00007.html) (at least when
+using the specialized driver), because of [missing AGP GART support in GNU
+Mach](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00011.html).
+
+# Sound
+
+No sound cards are supported at this time.
+
+# USB 1.1/2.0
+
+USB is not supported at this time.
+
+However, USB-type keyboards and mice may (and have been reported to) work
+nevertheless, given that the hardware / BIOS is doing emulation to the
+supported legacy interfaces.
+
+# IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+
+IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
+
+# Storage
+
+All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
+e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space.  If you find a specific IDE
+drive that does not work, make a note of the model and technical specifications
+here.
+
+[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
+<!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
+
+[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
+This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
+couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
+compatibility mode:
+
+    start (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static: (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static
+    device:hd0s4: No such device or address
+
+There *may* be an option in the system's BIOS setup to configure enabling such
+a compatibility mode.
+"""]]
+
+# Device Drivers
+
+[GNU Mach Reference Manual,
+Configuration](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Configuration.html)
+contains a list of device drivers that are included in GNU Mach and elaborates
+on the hardware devices they support.
+
+# User Success Reports
+
+These boards are known to work. Gnumach/Hurd has been installed and run on these board successfully. 
+
+* ASUS P2B motherboard with an Intel PII 450MHz CPU with Intel Pro/100 NIC in PCI slot
+* Intel SE-440BX motherboard 
+* VIA EPIA-M Mini-ITX motherboard with VIA Nehemiah C3 1Ghz processor. Onboard NIC (VIA Rhine) works good.
+* Compaq Deskpro ENS, Pentium3 (666 MHz upgraded to 1 GHz), Intel i815 chipset, chipset integrated NIC (detected twice, but works fine with eth0; trying to access eth1 confuses the driver and makes the system unusable), Matrox Mystique 220 (PCI) graphics card. Also works with rtl8029 (NE2000 PCI) NIC when onboard NIC disabled in BIOS setup.
+* Abit BX6 Rev. 2.0 with Celeron 400, after disabling "memory hole at 15MB" option in BIOS setup. (Otherwise, Mach detects only 15MiB of RAM, making Hurd run *extremely* slow and instable.) Should also work with PentiumII or Pentium3.
+
+# User Failure Reports
+
+Some people couldn't get these hardware combinations to work with Hurd.
+
+Note: The Debian GNU/Hurd installer actually runs on Linux, so it (almost) always works. The critical bit is booting after installation.
+
+* ASUS P5A motherboard and AMD K6-2 333MHz CPU - doesn't boot
+* ASUS P2B-LS motherboard with an Intel PII-MMX 400 MHz CPU - this board had a defective onboard NIC (that could not be disable in BIOS) and working 3COM Etherlink III NIC in a PCI bus slot. This combination worked with GNU/Linux. The 3COM NIC is known to work with the Hurd. However, while gnumach/Hurd will boot on this system, it is confused by the defective onboard NIC and unable to use the 3COM NIC. Attempting to start networking generates a continous stream of eth0 and eth1 reset messages on the console that renders the system unusable.
+* ASrock 775Twins-HDTV with a Pentium D 810 (533 MGz FSB/2600GHz core -- information no longer present on intel's site). Doesn't boot.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69ca3190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Further information may still be found on
+<http://www.nongnu.org/thug/gnumach_hardware.html>
+and could perhaps be incorporated into that page.
+--[[tschwinge]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..433ec3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+
+This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
+
+[[inline
+pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00cdee8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * x86.  This is the main port.
+  * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
+  * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
+
+  * [[Xen]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdb4e2de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[toc ]]
+
+## Xen dom0, PAE-disabled hypervisor
+
+/!\ Since GNU Mach doesn't handle PAE yet, you'll need a PAE-disabled hypervisor.
+
+On Debian Lenny, for example, you can install xen-hypervisor-3.2-1-i386-nonpae.
+
+This also means that you'll currently need a PAE-disabled `dom0`.
+[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] is providing a PAE-disabled Linux kernel image at
+<http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/XEN/>.
+
+You can either get binaries at <http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/> or build them yourself.
+
+- Copy `gnumach-xen` and `hurd-modules` to your dom0 /boot.
+- Copy `hurd` into `/etc/xen`, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
+
+## GNU/Hurd system
+
+/!\ You need an already installed GNU/Hurd system.
+
+If you have a free partition, you can fdisk to type 0x83, create a filesystem using:
+
+    sudo mke2fs -b 4096 -I 128 -o hurd /dev/sda4 
+
+Replace /dev/sda4 with your partition. Install and use crosshurd to setup a GNU/Hurd system on this partition.
+
+## /etc/xen/hurd configuration
+
+Here is a sample /etc/xen/hurd configuration
+
+    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
+    memory = 256
+    disk = ['phy:sda4,hda,w']
+    extra = "root=device:hd0"
+    vif = [ '' ]
+    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
+
+Suggestions about [[networking_configuration]] are available.
+
+If you need stable MAC addresses, use a syntax like `vif = [
+'mac=00:16:3e:XX:XX:XX, bridge=br0' ]`.
+
+## Running Hurd with Xen
+
+To run Hurd with Xen, use:
+
+    xm create -c hurd
+
+and gnumach should get started. Proceed with native-install.
+
+    export TERM=mach
+    ./native-install
+
+- If `xm` complains about networking (`vif could not be connected`), it's Xen scripts' fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network.  The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs (note that you need the bridge-utils package for this).  You can also just disable networking by commenting the vif line in the config.
+- If `xm` complains `Error: (2, 'Invalid kernel', 'xc_dom_compat_check: guest type xen-3.0-x86_32 not supported by xen kernel, sorry\n')`, you most probably have a PAE-enabled hypervisor, and you just need to install and boot non-PAE hypervisor and kernel.
+
+## Building from sources
+
+If you want to generate these images, first get the `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` branch from gnumach CVS.
+Then look for "Ugly" in `kern/bootstrap.c`, how to generate `hurd-modules` is explained there, and you'll have to fix `EXT2FS_SIZE` and `LD_SO_SIZE` by hand.
+Then use
+
+    ./configure --enable-platform=xen
+    make
+
+The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2` and `libc0.3 2.6.1-1`.
+/!\ This means that when using this image, your GNU/Hurd system also needs to be a glibc version 2.6-based one!
+
+---
+
+[[Internals]].
+
+[[GNU_Savannah_task 5468]], [[GNU_Savannah_task 6584]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09e707ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The port does use Xen's para-virtualized interface for device (ide, network,
+etc.) access.
+
+[[Virtualization]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71a72bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[toc ]]
+
+The Xen dom0 infrastructure provides for a bridged networking setup using shell
+scripts to configure the bridging device properly and attach the domUs' virtual
+interfaces to the bridge.  However, we've [seen
+problems](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-08/msg00023.html)
+when using this approach, so to [solve these
+issues](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-09/msg00071.html),
+instead suggest the following configuration method (to achieve the same thing).
+
+This is for a Debian dom0.
+
+# */etc/network/interfaces*
+
+Comment out everything referencing your physical devices.  Add this:
+
+    auto br0
+    iface br0 inet dhcp
+    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
+
+... or if you want to do the manual configuration dance:
+
+    auto br0
+    iface br0 inet static
+    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
+    	address 192.168.10.60
+    	netmask 255.255.255.0
+    	[...]
+
+This needs a version of the `bridge-utils` package more recent than the current
+Debian stable one ([[debbug 405215]]).  (It's trivial to rebuild the `dpkg` of,
+e.g., the Debian testing one on Debian stable.)
+
+# */etc/xen/xend-config.sxp*
+
+Make sure that only `(network-script network-dummy)` and `(vif-script
+vif-bridge)` are activated and all other `(network-script network-WHATEVER)`,
+respective `(vif-script vif-WHATEVER)` are commented out.
+
+
+# Sample configuration files on Debian Lenny
+
+## /etc/xen/hurd on dom0
+
+    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
+    memory = 256
+    disk = ['phy:sda5,hda,w']
+    extra = "root=device:hd0"
+    vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3e:00:00:00, bridge=br0' ]
+    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
+
+/dev/sda5 is an extended partition. br0 is bridge interface on dom0.
+
+## /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp on dom0
+
+    (network-script 'network-bridge netdev=br0')
+    (dom0-min-mem 196)
+    (dom0-cpus 0)
+    (vncpasswd '')
+
+## /etc/network/interfaces  on dom0
+
+    auto br0
+      iface br0 inet static
+        address 192.168.1.211
+        network 192.168.1.0
+        netmask 255.255.255.0
+        broadcast 192.168.1.255
+        gateway 192.168.1.1
+        bridge_ports eth1
+
+eth1 is the interface that is connected to the Internet on the LAN:
+
+## Doing settrans on domU
+
+    settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.210 -g 192.168.1.1 -m 255.255.255.0
+
+## /sbin/ifconfig on dom0 
+
+    br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
+              inet addr:192.168.1.211  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
+              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
+              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+              RX packets:14187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+              TX packets:9214 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
+              RX bytes:936563 (914.6 KiB)  TX bytes:746184 (728.6 KiB)
+
+    eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
+              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
+              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+              RX packets:34339 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+              TX packets:18526 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
+              RX bytes:3019251 (2.8 MiB)  TX bytes:1453672 (1.3 MiB)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ace6270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+This page is a place to keep track of ideas about things that may be improved
+in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
+in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
+please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
+
+If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to
+*[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
+so that no duplicate efforts end up.
+
+# Active Branches
+
+  * `gnumach-1-branch` is the main branch.
+
+  * `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` is a branch created by Samuel Thibault for
+    working on a [[ports/Xen]] port.
+
+  * `gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch` is a branch created by Michael Casadevall for
+    working on [[GDB_stubs]].
+
+
+# Task List
+
+  * [[Clean_up_the_code]]
+
+  * [[Open_Issues]]
+
+  * Update the core architecture and drivers
+
+      * Check what NetBSD, FreeBSD and Linux do with their host specific code
+        (i486, PPC, Sparc, ...).  And if it might be wise to take that and use
+        it in GNU Mach.  There is no need to worry about purely internal API's,
+        but the external ones shouldn't require any major changes.
+
+      * Write a list of all functions provided by the host dependant code in
+        GNU Mach that gets used in the non-host specific code (kernel, IPC and
+        VM).
+
+      * Once we have decided what the new internal API should look like, make a
+        list of the new API and the old one, and try to make things as
+        compatible as possible, but not at the expense of anything.
+
+  * Implement Migrating Threads
+
+      * Migrating Threads (MT) could improve IPC performance and making easier
+        the work of the scheduler.  For more information, check
+        <http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sf94/ford.html>
+
+  * Improve the external pagers interface
+
+      * Implement read-ahead (huge I/O improvements expected).
+
+      * Making this interface synchronous should improve I/O performance
+        significantly, without (almost) any drawbacks (we also get some
+        advantage from MT's).
+
+      * Implement more paging eviction policies, so they fit better with usual
+        behaviour of the pagers.
+
+      * Implement resource accounting for external pagers.
+
+  * VM
+
+      * Put it on user level (?)
+
+      * Clean up the mess.
+
+      * Provide a fast way to read/write from/to a memory object.
+
+      * Simplify/normalise the code.
+
+  * Simplify the IPC Semantics
+
+      * There are a lot of things in GNU Mach's IPC that we don't need.  Track
+        down those things, and get rid of them without requiring many changes
+        in the Hurd (the changes will affect MiG, but that is OK).
+
+  * Temporary mappings for Client-Server memory transfers
+
+      * Extend Mach's IPC to provide some kind of object which can represent a
+        range of memory that can temporarily be mapped into the servers address
+        space for sending/receiving data.  This would allow us to avoid
+        excessive memory copies.
+
+      * Find a new way to work with unaligned memory.
+
+  * GDB remote debugging support
+
+      * Implement support for GDB debugging via serial line and/or network.
+        Maybe this can be done together with the host-specific work above.
+
+        See [[GDB_stubs]].
+
+  * Make it run as a [[UNIX]]/Linux executable.
+
+      * Neal:
+
+            <neal> here's a fun project: port the mach interface to Linux
+            <neal> (e.g., via kernel modifications)
+            <neal> or, to posix/glibc
+            <neal> (mmap, some minimal ptrace, etc.)
+
+      * From the [Hurd bits at
+        sourceforge.net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/hurd):
+        <http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/>, started by John
+        Tobey.  Last time touched in 2003.  Status completely unknown.
+
+          * [README](http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/README?view=markup)
+
+
+# Wish List
+
+  * Interface for userspace non-critical drivers.
+
+  * Sound Support
+
+  * WLAN support (ipw2200) with WEP/WPA
+
+  * ACPI support
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..875bb8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# Restructure the tree in a sane way
+
+Merge `linux/src` and `linux/dev`.  But only if using a sane RCS, so leave it
+as-is for now.  Also, a bunch of (header) files from there may probably be
+discarded.
+
+
+# Remove dead files from the GNU Mach source tree
+
+For *exported* files (via `make install`), the plan is to first stick some
+`#error This file is scheduled for removal.  Write to <bug-hurd@gnu.org> if you
+have a reason to have it kept available.` into them, and then actually remove
+them after some months.
+
+For some of the internal header files (containing function prototypes and the
+like), it might actually be useful to use them.  (And then get rid of a bunch
+of `extern ...` statements in other files.)
+
+This following list was assembled by putting such a `#error ...` line into each
+of the `gnumach-1-branch`'s header files (exported and internal; save the
+`linux/` ones (only internal) for simplicity), and then trying to build GNU
+Mach until this would succeed again (by removing offending `#error ...`s), and
+afterwards using the set of exported files for building a cross toolchain
+(again still removing offending `#error ...`s).  A very crude and imprecise
+method.
+
+So, additionally to the list given below, there may actually be a bunch of
+further files (also exported ones) that serve no real value, but are being
+`#include`d through one way or another.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_expr.h]]
+
+    Currently used, but copyright violation?  Rewrite?
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_print.h]]
+
+    Copyright violation?  Currently unused, but could be used in principle (or
+    be rewritten, to avoid the copyright oddity).
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/tr.h]]
+
+    Copyright violation.  Unused.  Remove.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch device/dev_master.h]]
+
+    Might be usable for SMP?  Remove otherwise.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/kttd_machdep.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/sched_param.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/cthreads.h]]
+
+    Was probably once exported, but is no longer.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/ioccom.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/audio_status.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/tape_status.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/alert.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/boot.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/macro_help.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/multiboot.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profil.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profilparam.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/exec/a.out.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach_debug/pc_info.h]]
+
+    Currently not exported, but was probably once meant to be.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/act.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/refcount.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/shuttle.h]]
+
+
+# Remove dead functions, variables, etc. from source files
+
+
+# Rewrite ugly code
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a11a82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-04/msg00103.html>
+
+  * [ChangeLog.gdb](http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/gnumach/ChangeLog.gdb?root=hurd&view=markup&pathrev=gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d45549f5..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-GNU Mach is currently used by the GNU [[Hurd]].
-
-GNU Mach remains compatible with [[Mach]] 3.0.
-
-The majority of GNU Mach's [[device_driver]]s are from Linux 2.0.  They were
-added using glue code, i.e., a Linux [[emulation]] layer in Mach.
-
-GNU Mach runs on x86 machines.  See the
-[[hardware_compatibility_list]] and information about
-[[ports]] to other architectures.
-
-
-# Development
-
-* [[Building]]
-* [[Debugging]]
-* [[Boot_Trace]]
-* [[Projects]]
-    * [[Rules]]
-    * [[Open_Issues]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index a08384f0..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-`if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
-
-
-> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: \_start
-
-> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: boot\_entry
-
->> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: c\_boot\_entry
-
->>> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: discover\_x86\_cpu\_type
-
->>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: i386at\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/pic.c: picinit
-
->>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: mem\_size\_init
-
->>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_bootstrap
-
->>>> i386/i386/gdt.c: gdt\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/idt.c: idt\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386at/int\_init.c: int\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/ldt.c: ldt\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/ktss.c: ktss\_init
-
->>> kern/startup.c: setup\_main
-
->>>> kern/debug.c: panic\_init
-
->>>> kern/printf.c: printf\_init
-
->>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_init
-
->>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: wait\_queue\_init
-
->>>>> kern/processor.c: pset\_sys\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> kern/ast.c: ast\_init
-
->>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_bootstrap
-
->>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: pmap\_startup
-
->>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_bootstrap
-
->>>>>> vm/vm\_external.c: vm\_external\_module\_initialize
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_map.c: vm\_map\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_kern.c: kmem\_init
-
->>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_init
-
->>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_init
-
->>>>> kern/kalloc.c: kalloc\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_fault.c: vm\_fault\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_module\_init
-
->>>>> vm/memory\_object.c: memory\_manager\_default\_init
-
->>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_table.c: ipc\_table\_init
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_notify.c: ipc\_notify\_init
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_hash.c: ipc\_hash\_init
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_marequest.c: ipc\_marequest\_init
-
->>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_init
-
->>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_init
-
->>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_host\_init
-
->>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_init
-
->>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_enable
-
->>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_processor\_init
-
->>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
-
->>>> kern/timer.c: init\_timers
-
->>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: init\_timeout
-
->>>> kern/xpr.c: xprbootstrap
-
->>>> kern/time\_stamp.c: timestamp\_init
-
->>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: mapable\_time\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: machine\_init
-
->>>>> device/cons.c: cninit
-
->>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: init\_fpu
-
->>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: linux\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: init\_IRQ
-
->>>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: reserve\_mach\_irqs
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/kernel/sched.c: linux\_sched\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: calibrate\_delay
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/glue/kmem.c: linux\_kmem\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: pci\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: scan\_bus
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_fixup
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/glue/net.c: linux\_net\_emulation\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/genhd.c: device\_setup
-
->>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/block.c: blk\_dev\_init
-
->>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/block/ide.c: ide\_init
-
->>>>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/floppy.c: floppy\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/scsi/scsi.c: scsi\_dev\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/dev/net/core/dev.c: net\_dev\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/pcmcia-cs/glue/pcmcia.c: pcmcia\_init
-
->>>>> i386/i386at/autoconf.c: probeio
-
->>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: inittodr
-
->>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_unmap\_page\_zero
-
->>>> kern/task.c: task\_init
-
->>>>> kern/syscall\_emulation.c: eml\_init
-
->>>> kern/thread.c: thread\_init
-
->>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: pcb\_module\_init
-
->>>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: fpu\_module\_init
-
->>>>>> i386/i386/iopb.c: iopb\_init
-
->>>> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapper\_init
-
->>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: recompute\_priorities
-
->>>> kern/mach\_factor.c: compute\_mach\_factor
-
->>>> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
-
-[...]
-
->>>> kern/startup.c: cpu\_launch\_first\_thread
-
->>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: startrtclock
-
->>>>>> i386/i386/pit.c: clkstart
-
->>>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
-
->>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: load\_context
-
-[...]
-
-> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
-
-> Threads get created.
-
->> kern/sched\_prim.c: idle\_thread
-
->> One for each CPU.
-
->> kern/thread.c: reaper\_thread 
-
->> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapin\_thread
-
->> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_thread
-
->> [...]
-
->> kern/bootstrap.c: bootstrap\_create
-
->> [...]
-
->> vm\_pageout
-
->> Does not return.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 27573b64..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-Additional to the following text, a further [[example]] has be posted.
-
-
-# Building [[GNUMach]] from Source
-
-If you want to build the [[GNUMach]] kernel yourself instead of just using a
-pre-built binary, follow these instructions.
-
-The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (with all drivers
-enabled) is around 50 MiB.
-
-## Getting the Source Code
-
-### Developers's RCS
-
-See [here](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html#cvs).
-
-    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
-
-(Most probably you want to get hold of the *GNU Mach 1 branch* and not the
-trunk, which is also what we've done above.)
-
-You then have to create the automatically generatable files:
-
-    $ ( cd gnumach && autoreconf --install )
-
-### What Debian is currently using
-
-See [here](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/gnumach).
-
-    $ apt-get source gnumach
-
-Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using `apt-get source`.
-
-## Preparing for the Build
-
-### ... on Debian systems
-
-Building GNU Mach requires the *build-essential* and *fakeroot* packages, their
-dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source gnumach
-package:
-
-    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
-    # apt-get build-dep gnumach
-
-### ... on non-Debian systems
-
-Apart from the case that you only want to install GNU Mach's header files (see
-below), building GNU Mach requires you to have the Mach Interface Generator
-installed.  See [[building_MIG|mig/building]] about how to do that, then come
-back here.
-
-Additionally, building GNU Mach requires a C compiler, a standard C library and
-your favourite flavor of awk (gawk) and GNU make.
-
-## Building and Installing
-
-### ... Debian `.deb` files
-
-Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked GNU Mach sources, e.g.
-
-    $ cd gnumach-20050801
-
-Start the build process with
-
-    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b -rfakeroot
-
-[[GNUMach]] is now building.  To use the new kernel, you must install the
-resulting `.deb` package which is located one directory above the build
-directory and has a similar name as the build directory, e.g.
-
-    # dpkg -i ../gnumach_20050801-4_hurd-i386.deb
-
-You can now reboot your computer and enjoy the new kernel.
-
-### [TODO]
-
-GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
-
-    $ mkdir gnumach-build
-    $ cd gnumach-build
-
-Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
-it:
-
-    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure [TODO]
-
-Build the kernel image:
-
-    $ make gnumach.gz
-
-Optionally run the (tiny) test suite:
-
-    $ make check
-
-You can then install and use `gnumach.gz`.
-
-[TODO.]
-
-### Installing only the Header Files
-
-GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
-
-    $ mkdir gnumach-build
-    $ cd gnumach-build
-
-Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
-it:
-
-    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure --prefix=
-
-Install the header files into e.g. `~/gnu/include/`:
-
-    $ make DESTDIR=~/gnu install-data
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 6da05c5b..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-## Compiling GNU Mach microkernel
-
-Host development system is IBM T41 running Debian Sarge 3.1r0a GNU/Linux.
-
-* gcc version: 3.3.5
-* GNU sed version: 4.1.2
-* GNU make version: 3.8
-* mig version: 1.3-4
-
-Obtained gnumach-1-branch sources from cvs:
-
-    export CVS_RSH="ssh"
-    cvs -z3 -d:ext:anoncvs@ savannah.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
-
-Obtained mig_1.3-4_i386.deb from
-http://www.hadrons.org/~guillem/debian/pool/main/mig/. Installed it using dpkg:
-
-    dpkg -i mig_1.3-4_i386.deb
-
-Entered into the gnumach sources and did the following for compilation:
-
-    mkdir build
-    cd build
-    ../configure --host=i386-unknown-gnu0.2 --build=i586-pc-linux-gnu \
-      --enable-kdb --enable-ide
-    make
-
-The kernel file is created in the build directory.  Move it to /boot on the
-testing x86 system Hurd partition.  Rename it as gnumach1 and compress it:
-
-    mv kernel gnumach1
-    gzip gnumach1
-
-Add a new entry on the testing machine /boot/grub/menu.lst to boot the new
-kernel.
-
-    title GNU Hurd K10 Compiled gnumach
-    kernel (hd0,3)/boot/gnumach1.gz root=device:hd2s4 -s
-    module (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static--multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \\
-      --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} \\
-      --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create)$(task-resume)
-    module (hd0,3)/lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-Reboot into the new compiled mygnumach1.gz kernel!
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fa2a9d42..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
-[Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
-
-
-When you're [[running_a_system_in_QEMU|hurd/running/qemu]] you can directly
-[use GDB on the running
-kernel](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
-
-
-Alternatively you can use an approach like this one: add the following code
-snippet to `device/ds_routines.c`'s `ds_device_open` function, right at the top
-of the function, and modify the code as needed.
-
-      void D (char *s)
-      {
-        switch (s[0] - '0')
-          {
-          case 0:
-           printf ("Hello from %s!\n", __FUNCTION__);
-           break;
-          case 1:
-           printf ("%s: Invoking task_collect_scan.\n", __FUNCTION__);
-           extern void task_collect_scan (void);
-           task_collect_scan ();
-           break;
-          default:
-           printf ("No idea what you want me to do.\n");
-           break;
-          }
-      }
-    
-      if (name && name[0] == 'D')
-        D (name + 1);
-
-Then boot your system and do something like this:
-
-    # devprobe D0
-    Hello from D!
-    # devprobe D1
-    D: Invoking task_collect_scan.
-    # devprobe D2
-    No idea what you want me to do.
-
-This is especially useful if you need to manually trigger some stuff inside the
-running kernel, as with the *D1* example.
-
-
-If you're doing real low level debugging, you might want to put variations of
-the following snipped into the code, this code will write a `#` character at
-line `[LINE]`, column `[COLUMN]` on the screen:
-
-    *((char *) 0xb8000 + 2 * ([LINE] * 80 + [COLUMN])) = '#';
-    halt_cpu ();
-
-The call of `halt_cpu` will -- as the name suggests -- halt the system
-afterwards.  This might be what you want or it might not, but it is needed at
-some place when running the kernel inside QEMU, as QEMU somehow decides not to
-update its display buffer anymore under certain conditions.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 09882467..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# CPU Architecture
-
-GNU Mach current only supports the `x86` (alias `ia32` or `i386`) architecture.
-
-`amd64`/`ix64` should work in `32-bit` compatibility mode. However, in practice
-`amd64` systems seem to be troublesome more often than not. This is probably
-related to the same (chipset-related) problems we often see with recent
-machines; but it seems that `amd64` ones use problematic chipsets particularily
-often. So far we haven't heard of similar problems with Intel's eqivalent
-`ix64` (or `EM64T` as it used to be called) -- but maybe that just means fewer
-people tried running the Hurd on such machines :-)
-
-Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
-[Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
-only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
-
-Read about further [[ports]].
-
-# Memory
-
-GNU Mach will use a maximum of 1 GiB of RAM.  If your system has more,
-the surplus will silently be ignored.  (In past times, this would hinder GNU
-Mach from booting at all, but this has been fixed, so you no longer need to
-apply GRUB's `uppermem` directive.)
-
-# Video Cards
-
-Debian distributes a version of [X.org](http://x.org/).  If your video card driver
-depends on a special kernel interface such as that provided by
-the `agpgart` kernel module for the Linux kernel, then your video
-card will only be supported by the VESA driver.
-
-Using an internal i815 videocard [won't
-work](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00007.html) (at least when
-using the specialized driver), because of [missing AGP GART support in GNU
-Mach](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00011.html).
-
-# Sound
-
-No sound cards are supported at this time.
-
-# USB 1.1/2.0
-
-USB is not supported at this time.
-
-However, USB-type keyboards and mice may (and have been reported to) work
-nevertheless, given that the hardware / BIOS is doing emulation to the
-supported legacy interfaces.
-
-# IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
-
-IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
-
-# Storage
-
-All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
-e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space.  If you find a specific IDE
-drive that does not work, make a note of the model and technical specifications
-here.
-
-[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
-<!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
-
-[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
-This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
-couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
-compatibility mode:
-
-    start (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static: (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static
-    device:hd0s4: No such device or address
-
-There *may* be an option in the system's BIOS setup to configure enabling such
-a compatibility mode.
-"""]]
-
-# Device Drivers
-
-[GNU Mach Reference Manual,
-Configuration](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Configuration.html)
-contains a list of device drivers that are included in GNU Mach and elaborates
-on the hardware devices they support.
-
-# User Success Reports
-
-These boards are known to work. Gnumach/Hurd has been installed and run on these board successfully. 
-
-* ASUS P2B motherboard with an Intel PII 450MHz CPU with Intel Pro/100 NIC in PCI slot
-* Intel SE-440BX motherboard 
-* VIA EPIA-M Mini-ITX motherboard with VIA Nehemiah C3 1Ghz processor. Onboard NIC (VIA Rhine) works good.
-* Compaq Deskpro ENS, Pentium3 (666 MHz upgraded to 1 GHz), Intel i815 chipset, chipset integrated NIC (detected twice, but works fine with eth0; trying to access eth1 confuses the driver and makes the system unusable), Matrox Mystique 220 (PCI) graphics card. Also works with rtl8029 (NE2000 PCI) NIC when onboard NIC disabled in BIOS setup.
-* Abit BX6 Rev. 2.0 with Celeron 400, after disabling "memory hole at 15MB" option in BIOS setup. (Otherwise, Mach detects only 15MiB of RAM, making Hurd run *extremely* slow and instable.) Should also work with PentiumII or Pentium3.
-
-# User Failure Reports
-
-Some people couldn't get these hardware combinations to work with Hurd.
-
-Note: The Debian GNU/Hurd installer actually runs on Linux, so it (almost) always works. The critical bit is booting after installation.
-
-* ASUS P5A motherboard and AMD K6-2 333MHz CPU - doesn't boot
-* ASUS P2B-LS motherboard with an Intel PII-MMX 400 MHz CPU - this board had a defective onboard NIC (that could not be disable in BIOS) and working 3COM Etherlink III NIC in a PCI bus slot. This combination worked with GNU/Linux. The 3COM NIC is known to work with the Hurd. However, while gnumach/Hurd will boot on this system, it is confused by the defective onboard NIC and unable to use the 3COM NIC. Attempting to start networking generates a continous stream of eth0 and eth1 reset messages on the console that renders the system unusable.
-* ASrock 775Twins-HDTV with a Pentium D 810 (533 MGz FSB/2600GHz core -- information no longer present on intel's site). Doesn't boot.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 69ca3190..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Further information may still be found on
-<http://www.nongnu.org/thug/gnumach_hardware.html>
-and could perhaps be incorporated into that page.
---[[tschwinge]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 433ec3ef..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
-
-This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
-
-[[inline
-pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-actions=yes
-rootpage="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 00cdee8c..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-  * x86.  This is the main port.
-  * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
-  * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
-
-  * [[Xen]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index cdb4e2de..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[toc ]]
-
-## Xen dom0, PAE-disabled hypervisor
-
-/!\ Since GNU Mach doesn't handle PAE yet, you'll need a PAE-disabled hypervisor.
-
-On Debian Lenny, for example, you can install xen-hypervisor-3.2-1-i386-nonpae.
-
-This also means that you'll currently need a PAE-disabled `dom0`.
-[[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] is providing a PAE-disabled Linux kernel image at
-<http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/XEN/>.
-
-You can either get binaries at <http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/> or build them yourself.
-
-- Copy `gnumach-xen` and `hurd-modules` to your dom0 /boot.
-- Copy `hurd` into `/etc/xen`, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
-
-## GNU/Hurd system
-
-/!\ You need an already installed GNU/Hurd system.
-
-If you have a free partition, you can fdisk to type 0x83, create a filesystem using:
-
-    sudo mke2fs -b 4096 -I 128 -o hurd /dev/sda4 
-
-Replace /dev/sda4 with your partition. Install and use crosshurd to setup a GNU/Hurd system on this partition.
-
-## /etc/xen/hurd configuration
-
-Here is a sample /etc/xen/hurd configuration
-
-    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
-    memory = 256
-    disk = ['phy:sda4,hda,w']
-    extra = "root=device:hd0"
-    vif = [ '' ]
-    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
-
-Suggestions about [[networking_configuration]] are available.
-
-If you need stable MAC addresses, use a syntax like `vif = [
-'mac=00:16:3e:XX:XX:XX, bridge=br0' ]`.
-
-## Running Hurd with Xen
-
-To run Hurd with Xen, use:
-
-    xm create -c hurd
-
-and gnumach should get started. Proceed with native-install.
-
-    export TERM=mach
-    ./native-install
-
-- If `xm` complains about networking (`vif could not be connected`), it's Xen scripts' fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network.  The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs (note that you need the bridge-utils package for this).  You can also just disable networking by commenting the vif line in the config.
-- If `xm` complains `Error: (2, 'Invalid kernel', 'xc_dom_compat_check: guest type xen-3.0-x86_32 not supported by xen kernel, sorry\n')`, you most probably have a PAE-enabled hypervisor, and you just need to install and boot non-PAE hypervisor and kernel.
-
-## Building from sources
-
-If you want to generate these images, first get the `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` branch from gnumach CVS.
-Then look for "Ugly" in `kern/bootstrap.c`, how to generate `hurd-modules` is explained there, and you'll have to fix `EXT2FS_SIZE` and `LD_SO_SIZE` by hand.
-Then use
-
-    ./configure --enable-platform=xen
-    make
-
-The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2` and `libc0.3 2.6.1-1`.
-/!\ This means that when using this image, your GNU/Hurd system also needs to be a glibc version 2.6-based one!
-
----
-
-[[Internals]].
-
-[[GNU_Savannah_task 5468]], [[GNU_Savannah_task 6584]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 09e707ea..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The port does use Xen's para-virtualized interface for device (ide, network,
-etc.) access.
-
-[[Virtualization]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 71a72bac..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[toc ]]
-
-The Xen dom0 infrastructure provides for a bridged networking setup using shell
-scripts to configure the bridging device properly and attach the domUs' virtual
-interfaces to the bridge.  However, we've [seen
-problems](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-08/msg00023.html)
-when using this approach, so to [solve these
-issues](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-09/msg00071.html),
-instead suggest the following configuration method (to achieve the same thing).
-
-This is for a Debian dom0.
-
-# */etc/network/interfaces*
-
-Comment out everything referencing your physical devices.  Add this:
-
-    auto br0
-    iface br0 inet dhcp
-    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
-
-... or if you want to do the manual configuration dance:
-
-    auto br0
-    iface br0 inet static
-    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
-    	address 192.168.10.60
-    	netmask 255.255.255.0
-    	[...]
-
-This needs a version of the `bridge-utils` package more recent than the current
-Debian stable one ([[debbug 405215]]).  (It's trivial to rebuild the `dpkg` of,
-e.g., the Debian testing one on Debian stable.)
-
-# */etc/xen/xend-config.sxp*
-
-Make sure that only `(network-script network-dummy)` and `(vif-script
-vif-bridge)` are activated and all other `(network-script network-WHATEVER)`,
-respective `(vif-script vif-WHATEVER)` are commented out.
-
-
-# Sample configuration files on Debian Lenny
-
-## /etc/xen/hurd on dom0
-
-    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
-    memory = 256
-    disk = ['phy:sda5,hda,w']
-    extra = "root=device:hd0"
-    vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3e:00:00:00, bridge=br0' ]
-    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
-
-/dev/sda5 is an extended partition. br0 is bridge interface on dom0.
-
-## /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp on dom0
-
-    (network-script 'network-bridge netdev=br0')
-    (dom0-min-mem 196)
-    (dom0-cpus 0)
-    (vncpasswd '')
-
-## /etc/network/interfaces  on dom0
-
-    auto br0
-      iface br0 inet static
-        address 192.168.1.211
-        network 192.168.1.0
-        netmask 255.255.255.0
-        broadcast 192.168.1.255
-        gateway 192.168.1.1
-        bridge_ports eth1
-
-eth1 is the interface that is connected to the Internet on the LAN:
-
-## Doing settrans on domU
-
-    settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.210 -g 192.168.1.1 -m 255.255.255.0
-
-## /sbin/ifconfig on dom0 
-
-    br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
-              inet addr:192.168.1.211  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
-              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
-              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
-              RX packets:14187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
-              TX packets:9214 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
-              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
-              RX bytes:936563 (914.6 KiB)  TX bytes:746184 (728.6 KiB)
-
-    eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
-              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
-              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
-              RX packets:34339 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
-              TX packets:18526 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
-              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
-              RX bytes:3019251 (2.8 MiB)  TX bytes:1453672 (1.3 MiB)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ace6270..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-This page is a place to keep track of ideas about things that may be improved
-in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
-in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
-please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
-
-If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to
-*[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
-so that no duplicate efforts end up.
-
-# Active Branches
-
-  * `gnumach-1-branch` is the main branch.
-
-  * `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` is a branch created by Samuel Thibault for
-    working on a [[ports/Xen]] port.
-
-  * `gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch` is a branch created by Michael Casadevall for
-    working on [[GDB_stubs]].
-
-
-# Task List
-
-  * [[Clean_up_the_code]]
-
-  * [[Open_Issues]]
-
-  * Update the core architecture and drivers
-
-      * Check what NetBSD, FreeBSD and Linux do with their host specific code
-        (i486, PPC, Sparc, ...).  And if it might be wise to take that and use
-        it in GNU Mach.  There is no need to worry about purely internal API's,
-        but the external ones shouldn't require any major changes.
-
-      * Write a list of all functions provided by the host dependant code in
-        GNU Mach that gets used in the non-host specific code (kernel, IPC and
-        VM).
-
-      * Once we have decided what the new internal API should look like, make a
-        list of the new API and the old one, and try to make things as
-        compatible as possible, but not at the expense of anything.
-
-  * Implement Migrating Threads
-
-      * Migrating Threads (MT) could improve IPC performance and making easier
-        the work of the scheduler.  For more information, check
-        <http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sf94/ford.html>
-
-  * Improve the external pagers interface
-
-      * Implement read-ahead (huge I/O improvements expected).
-
-      * Making this interface synchronous should improve I/O performance
-        significantly, without (almost) any drawbacks (we also get some
-        advantage from MT's).
-
-      * Implement more paging eviction policies, so they fit better with usual
-        behaviour of the pagers.
-
-      * Implement resource accounting for external pagers.
-
-  * VM
-
-      * Put it on user level (?)
-
-      * Clean up the mess.
-
-      * Provide a fast way to read/write from/to a memory object.
-
-      * Simplify/normalise the code.
-
-  * Simplify the IPC Semantics
-
-      * There are a lot of things in GNU Mach's IPC that we don't need.  Track
-        down those things, and get rid of them without requiring many changes
-        in the Hurd (the changes will affect MiG, but that is OK).
-
-  * Temporary mappings for Client-Server memory transfers
-
-      * Extend Mach's IPC to provide some kind of object which can represent a
-        range of memory that can temporarily be mapped into the servers address
-        space for sending/receiving data.  This would allow us to avoid
-        excessive memory copies.
-
-      * Find a new way to work with unaligned memory.
-
-  * GDB remote debugging support
-
-      * Implement support for GDB debugging via serial line and/or network.
-        Maybe this can be done together with the host-specific work above.
-
-        See [[GDB_stubs]].
-
-  * Make it run as a [[UNIX]]/Linux executable.
-
-      * Neal:
-
-            <neal> here's a fun project: port the mach interface to Linux
-            <neal> (e.g., via kernel modifications)
-            <neal> or, to posix/glibc
-            <neal> (mmap, some minimal ptrace, etc.)
-
-      * From the [Hurd bits at
-        sourceforge.net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/hurd):
-        <http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/>, started by John
-        Tobey.  Last time touched in 2003.  Status completely unknown.
-
-          * [README](http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/README?view=markup)
-
-
-# Wish List
-
-  * Interface for userspace non-critical drivers.
-
-  * Sound Support
-
-  * WLAN support (ipw2200) with WEP/WPA
-
-  * ACPI support
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 875bb8cd..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# Restructure the tree in a sane way
-
-Merge `linux/src` and `linux/dev`.  But only if using a sane RCS, so leave it
-as-is for now.  Also, a bunch of (header) files from there may probably be
-discarded.
-
-
-# Remove dead files from the GNU Mach source tree
-
-For *exported* files (via `make install`), the plan is to first stick some
-`#error This file is scheduled for removal.  Write to <bug-hurd@gnu.org> if you
-have a reason to have it kept available.` into them, and then actually remove
-them after some months.
-
-For some of the internal header files (containing function prototypes and the
-like), it might actually be useful to use them.  (And then get rid of a bunch
-of `extern ...` statements in other files.)
-
-This following list was assembled by putting such a `#error ...` line into each
-of the `gnumach-1-branch`'s header files (exported and internal; save the
-`linux/` ones (only internal) for simplicity), and then trying to build GNU
-Mach until this would succeed again (by removing offending `#error ...`s), and
-afterwards using the set of exported files for building a cross toolchain
-(again still removing offending `#error ...`s).  A very crude and imprecise
-method.
-
-So, additionally to the list given below, there may actually be a bunch of
-further files (also exported ones) that serve no real value, but are being
-`#include`d through one way or another.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_expr.h]]
-
-    Currently used, but copyright violation?  Rewrite?
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_print.h]]
-
-    Copyright violation?  Currently unused, but could be used in principle (or
-    be rewritten, to avoid the copyright oddity).
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/tr.h]]
-
-    Copyright violation.  Unused.  Remove.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch device/dev_master.h]]
-
-    Might be usable for SMP?  Remove otherwise.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/kttd_machdep.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/sched_param.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/cthreads.h]]
-
-    Was probably once exported, but is no longer.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/ioccom.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/audio_status.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/tape_status.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/alert.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/boot.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/macro_help.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/multiboot.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profil.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profilparam.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/exec/a.out.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach_debug/pc_info.h]]
-
-    Currently not exported, but was probably once meant to be.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/act.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/refcount.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/shuttle.h]]
-
-
-# Remove dead functions, variables, etc. from source files
-
-
-# Rewrite ugly code
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a11a82b..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-  * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-04/msg00103.html>
-
-  * [ChangeLog.gdb](http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/gnumach/ChangeLog.gdb?root=hurd&view=markup&pathrev=gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
index a8951737..8f4b528b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Meanwhile, OSKit became unmaintained, thus posing more of a burden on than being
 In 2005 Gianluca Guida started a different attempt to use the osenv interface with minimal changes to GNU Mach 1.x, thus allowing use of the generic driver interface while importing as little of the umaintained OSKit code as possible. However, there turned out to be serious problems with OSKit, so this attempt was abandoned as well.
 
 Today, GNU Mach development focuses on the 1.x branch again -- see also this
-list of [[gnumach/projects]].
+list of [[gnu_mach/projects]].
 
 # <a name="Status_of_the_project"> Status of the project </a>
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn
index ee299166..2ec75e38 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ Building the Mach Interface Generator requires the _build-essential_ and _fakero
 
 Building the Mach Interface Generator requires a C compiler, a standard C library (with corresponding header files) and your favourite flavor of awk (gawk), yacc (bison), lex (flex) and make.
 
-Additionally, you need to have GNU Mach's header files installed. See [[mach/gnumach/building]] about how to do that, then come back here.
+Additionally, you need to have GNU Mach's header files installed.  See
+[[mach/gnu_mach/building]] about how to do that, then come back here.
 
 ## <a name="Building_and_Installing"> Building and Installing </a>
 
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 0ac0561c..a368c6c3 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Hurd!
   * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]*
   * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
 * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
-  * *[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]*
+  * *[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]*
   * *[[microkernel/mach/Documentation]]*"]]
 
 ---
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ddf77132bf33cd7807e9614d37dd7b3e3703a994 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 18:54:52 +0100
Subject: Add source and align to it.

---
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn |  6 ++++--
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn    | 20 +++++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
index d5322693..4a2ddc67 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]]
 
-> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.
-> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
+> [[It's_time_to_explain|origin_of_the_name]] the meaning of *Hurd*.
+> 
+> *Hurd* stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.
+> And, then, *Hird* stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
 
 The Hurd has its share of linguistic debate.  The subject of proper usage comes
 up quite often.
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
index 677f100d..3527703a 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
@@ -11,15 +11,17 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[meta title="Origin of the Name"]]
 
-<!-- TODO.  Source?  -->
-
-According to Thomas Bushnell, the primary architect of the Hurd:
-
-> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.
-> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
-
-> We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a pair of
-> mutually recursive acronyms.
+[According to Thomas
+Bushnell](http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/hurd/hurd-name), the primary
+architect of the Hurd:
+
+> It's time to explain the meaning of *Hurd*.
+> 
+> *Hurd* stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*.
+> And, then, *Hird* stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*.
+> 
+> We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a
+> pair of mutually recursive acronyms.
 
 [Quoting](http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2002-10/msg00099.html)
 him further:
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a9accad064758577799a0ef2fb8f6242ef815829 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 07:55:26 +0100
Subject: Remove old logos.

---
 hurd.mdwn                     |   2 --
 hurd/logo.png                 | Bin 15125 -> 0 bytes
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn      |   2 --
 hurd/running/debian/logo.png  | Bin 2463 -> 0 bytes
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn         |   2 --
 hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn     |   2 --
 hurd/running/gnu/logo.png     | Bin 3112 -> 0 bytes
 microkernel/mach.mdwn         |   2 --
 microkernel/mach/logo.png     | Bin 13617 -> 0 bytes
 microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn     |   2 --
 microkernel/mach/mig/logo.png | Bin 23622 -> 0 bytes
 11 files changed, 12 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/logo.png
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/logo.png
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/gnu/logo.png
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/logo.png
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/logo.png

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 2805ddfc..4bf43873 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-[[img logo.png]]
-
 [[toc ]]
 
 # Introduction
diff --git a/hurd/logo.png b/hurd/logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index a892b47d..00000000
Binary files a/hurd/logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index f291b75b..f80c1cfc 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 [[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
 
-[[img logo.png]]
-
 - Debian [[FAQ]] -- Frequently Asked Questions
 - [[After_install]] -- Do this to get networking, new console and X
 - [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/logo.png b/hurd/running/debian/logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 068d9584..00000000
Binary files a/hurd/running/debian/logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index 2ae2f2ca..26d93279 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-[[img logo.png]]
-
 # <a name="The_GNU_Operating_System"> </a> The GNU Operating System
 
 The GNU Operating System, or GNU System as it is more commonly known, will be a
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn
index 2a3629d7..3ee5f657 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/gnu.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-[[img logo.png]]
-
 ## <a name="GNU_FSF_amp_RMS"> </a> GNU, FSF &amp; RMS
 
 GNU stands for GNU's Not [[Unix]].  It is a project announced in 1983 by
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/logo.png b/hurd/running/gnu/logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 50c392cf..00000000
Binary files a/hurd/running/gnu/logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/microkernel/mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
index 7e63c724..594a74f9 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-[[img logo.png]]
-
 Mach is a so-called first generation [[microkernel]].  It is the
 microkernel currently used by the [[Hurd]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/logo.png b/microkernel/mach/logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 94951acf..00000000
Binary files a/microkernel/mach/logo.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
index c620420a..cf6d95bb 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-[[img logo.png]]
-
 The Mach Interface Generator (MIG) is an [[IDL]] compiler.  Based on an
 interface definition, it creates stubs to [[invoke]] object methods
 and to demultiplex incoming messages.  These stubs conveniently hide
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/logo.png b/microkernel/mach/mig/logo.png
deleted file mode 100644
index cdfec179..00000000
Binary files a/microkernel/mach/mig/logo.png and /dev/null differ
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 65ad34e710723380896dd7d2d193afc62116ad89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 08:29:26 +0100
Subject: [[microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig]]: New; move most content there.

---
 contributing.mdwn                                  |   8 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                 |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach.mdwn                              |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn            |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn                          |  12 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn                 |  72 ---------
 microkernel/mach/mig/discussion.mdwn               |  17 ---
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn                  |  24 +++
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn         |  73 +++++++++
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn      |  20 +++
 .../open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn    |  14 ++
 microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn              |  19 ---
 .../open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn    |  14 --
 mig-download.html                                  | 167 ---------------------
 mig.html                                           | 125 ---------------
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |  28 ++--
 16 files changed, 159 insertions(+), 440 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/discussion.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 mig-download.html
 delete mode 100644 mig.html

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index f21a6f32..698d03b3 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -80,17 +80,17 @@ doesn't work or suit you and try to improve that.
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU Hurd
 
-Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|hurd/Open_Issues]] for the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]].
+Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|hurd/open_issues]] for the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]].
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU Mach
 
-Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/Open_Issues]] for
+Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues]] for
 [[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]].
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU MIG
 
-Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/mig/Open_Issues]] for
-[[GNU_MIG|microkernel/mach/mig]].
+Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues]] for
+[[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]].
 
 
 <a name="hurd_on_modern_microkernel"> </a>
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 31722ead..e548c75c 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd gnumach-1-branch/ && autoreconf -vfi )
 
-* `src/mig`: [[GNU_Mach_Interface_Generator|microkernel/mach/mig]]
+* `src/mig`: [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]
 
     * CVS `HEAD`
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
index 594a74f9..9d3289b4 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ microkernel currently used by the [[Hurd]].
 
 # Related
 
-* [[Mach_Interface_Generator|mig]]
+* [[Mach_Interface_Generator_(MIG)|mig]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
index ef0d8553..073c68a3 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ package:
 
 Apart from the case that you only want to install GNU Mach's header files (see
 below), building GNU Mach requires you to have the Mach Interface Generator
-installed.  See [[building_MIG|mig/building]] about how to do that, then come
+installed.  See [[building_MIG|mig/gnu_mig/building]] about how to do that, then come
 back here.
 
 Additionally, building GNU Mach requires a C compiler, a standard C library and
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
index 5f09621d..eb1c0906 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ is included in the section entitled
 The Mach Interface Generator (MIG) is an [[IDL]] compiler.  Based on an
 interface definition, it creates stubs to [[invoke]] object methods
 and to demultiplex incoming messages.  These stubs conveniently hide
-the details of Mach's [[IPC]] machinery.
+the details of Mach's [[IPC]] machinery and make it easy to implement
+and use Mach [[interface]]s as [[remote_procedure_calls_(RPC)|rpc]].
 
-GNU MIG is fully compatible with OSF MIG.
-
-* MIG's [homepage](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/mig.html)
 * [[Documentation]]
-* [[Building]] - Building (and obtaining) MIG
-* [[Open_Issues]]
+
+# Implementations
+
+  * [[GNU_MIG]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ec75e38..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/building.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-# <a name="Building_the_Mach_Interface_Gene"> Building the Mach Interface Generator from Source </a>
-
-If you want to build the Mach Interface Generator yourself instead of just using a pre-built package, follow these instructions.
-
-## <a name="Getting_the_Source_Code"> Getting the Source Code </a>
-
-You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's rcs](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/mig-download.html#cvs):
-
-    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co mig
-
-... or (if you are working on a Debian system) the ones that are used for the [current Debian mig package](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/mig):
-
-    $ apt-get source mig
-
-Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using _apt-get source_.
-
-The unpacked source tree is around 1 MiB, and the build tree also is around 1 MiB.
-
-## <a name="Preparing_for_the_Build"> Preparing for the Build </a>
-
-### <a name="_on_Debian_systems"> ... on Debian systems </a>
-
-Building the Mach Interface Generator requires the _build-essential_ and _fakeroot_ packages, their dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source mig package:
-
-    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
-    # apt-get build-dep mig
-
-### <a name="_on_non_Debian_systems"> ... on non-Debian systems </a>
-
-Building the Mach Interface Generator requires a C compiler, a standard C library (with corresponding header files) and your favourite flavor of awk (gawk), yacc (bison), lex (flex) and make.
-
-Additionally, you need to have GNU Mach's header files installed.  See
-[[mach/gnu_mach/building]] about how to do that, then come back here.
-
-## <a name="Building_and_Installing"> Building and Installing </a>
-
-### <a name="_a_deb_file"> ... a _.deb_ file </a>
-
-Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked MIG sources (_mig-1.3.1.99_):
-
-    $ cd mig-1.3.1.99
-
-Start the build process:
-
-    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b -rfakeroot
-
-You can then install / distribute the _.deb_ file which will drop out one directory above the current one.
-
-### <a name="_TODO_"> [TODO] </a>
-
-The Mach Interface Generator has to be built in a separate directory:
-
-    $ mkdir mig-build
-    $ cd mig-build
-
-Find the root directory where you installed GNU Mach's header files and where you now intend to install the Mach Interface Generator (_~/gnu_) and the path to your Mach Interface Generator sources (\_[...]/mig) and configure it:
-
-    $ GNU=~/gnu
-    $ TARGET_CPPFLAGS=-I"$GNU"/include [...]/mig/configure --prefix="$GNU"
-
-Build and install the Mach Interface Generator into _$GNU_, i.e. _~/gnu/_ in our example:
-
-    $ make all install
-
-To make your _mig_ binary easily available, you should append something like the following to e.g. your _~/.bash\_profile_:
-
-    PATH=~/gnu/bin:$PATH
-    export PATH
-
-If you already have e.g. _~/bin_ in your _$PATH_, you could also create a symbolic link:
-
-    $ ln -s ~/gnu/bin/mig ~/bin/
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fdab3a45..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Created
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 29 Oct 2002
-
-The logo seems very programmer friendly as this web topic is intended.
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 15 Nov 2002
-
-There's little traffic here and little content. Perhaps we should just remove this web? It seemed like a good idea to create it when we split the others off...
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 22 Dec 2002
-
-Maybe, but not yet. Let's keep it for a while longer - say, three months. 1st April 2003. If the traffic still is low then we move the Mig topics to the Mach web ...
-
-...Mig = **Mach** Interface Generator.
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 22 Dec 2002
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f5fb5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+GNU MIG is the GNU distribution of the
+[[Mach_3.0_interface_generator_*MIG*|mig]], as maintained by the GNU Hurd
+developers for the GNU project.
+
+You need this tool to compile the GNU Mach and GNU Hurd distributions, and to
+compile the GNU C library for the Hurd.  Also, you will need it for other
+software in the GNU system that uses Mach-based
+[[inter-process_communication|ipc]].
+
+GNU MIG is fully compatible with [[OSF_MIG|mig]].
+
+  * [[Building]] - building (and obtaining) GNU MIG
+  * [[Open_Issues]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b553b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# <a name="Building_the_Mach_Interface_Gene"> Building the Mach Interface Generator from Source </a>
+
+If you want to build the Mach Interface Generator yourself instead of just using a pre-built package, follow these instructions.
+
+## <a name="Getting_the_Source_Code"> Getting the Source Code </a>
+
+You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers'
+RCS](http://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd):
+
+    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co mig
+
+... or (if you are working on a Debian system) the ones that are used for the [current Debian mig package](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/mig):
+
+    $ apt-get source mig
+
+Please see the Debian [[hurd/running/debian/FAQ]] before using _apt-get source_.
+
+The unpacked source tree is around 1 MiB, and the build tree also is around 1 MiB.
+
+## <a name="Preparing_for_the_Build"> Preparing for the Build </a>
+
+### <a name="_on_Debian_systems"> ... on Debian systems </a>
+
+Building the Mach Interface Generator requires the _build-essential_ and _fakeroot_ packages, their dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source mig package:
+
+    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
+    # apt-get build-dep mig
+
+### <a name="_on_non_Debian_systems"> ... on non-Debian systems </a>
+
+Building the Mach Interface Generator requires a C compiler, a standard C library (with corresponding header files) and your favourite flavor of awk (gawk), yacc (bison), lex (flex) and make.
+
+Additionally, you need to have GNU Mach's header files installed.  See
+[[mach/gnu_mach/building]] about how to do that, then come back here.
+
+## <a name="Building_and_Installing"> Building and Installing </a>
+
+### <a name="_a_deb_file"> ... a _.deb_ file </a>
+
+Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked MIG sources (_mig-1.3.1.99_):
+
+    $ cd mig-1.3.1.99
+
+Start the build process:
+
+    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b -rfakeroot
+
+You can then install / distribute the _.deb_ file which will drop out one directory above the current one.
+
+### <a name="_TODO_"> [TODO] </a>
+
+The Mach Interface Generator has to be built in a separate directory:
+
+    $ mkdir mig-build
+    $ cd mig-build
+
+Find the root directory where you installed GNU Mach's header files and where you now intend to install the Mach Interface Generator (_~/gnu_) and the path to your Mach Interface Generator sources (\_[...]/mig) and configure it:
+
+    $ GNU=~/gnu
+    $ TARGET_CPPFLAGS=-I"$GNU"/include [...]/mig/configure --prefix="$GNU"
+
+Build and install the Mach Interface Generator into _$GNU_, i.e. _~/gnu/_ in our example:
+
+    $ make all install
+
+To make your _mig_ binary easily available, you should append something like the following to e.g. your _~/.bash\_profile_:
+
+    PATH=~/gnu/bin:$PATH
+    export PATH
+
+If you already have e.g. _~/bin_ in your _$PATH_, you could also create a symbolic link:
+
+    $ ln -s ~/gnu/bin/mig ~/bin/
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a6233da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+
+This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
+
+[[inline
+pages="microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues"
+postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93347759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+E.g., both `/usr/include/hurd/process.h` and
+`/usr/include/hurd/process_request.h` use `_process_user_` as an inclusion
+guard.  This leads to problems when both are needed, as is the case in
+[[GDB]]'s `gdb/gnu-nat.c`.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d870695..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
-
-This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
-
-[[inline
-pages="microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-actions=yes
-rootpage="microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 93347759..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-E.g., both `/usr/include/hurd/process.h` and
-`/usr/include/hurd/process_request.h` use `_process_user_` as an inclusion
-guard.  This leads to problems when both are needed, as is the case in
-[[GDB]]'s `gdb/gnu-nat.c`.
diff --git a/mig-download.html b/mig-download.html
deleted file mode 100644
index efbf1359..00000000
--- a/mig-download.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">English</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig-download.es.html">Spanish</a>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#release" NAME="TOrelease">Latest Release</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#cvs" NAME="TOCcvs">CVS repository</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#cvsweb" NAME="TOCcvsweb">Browsing the code</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCrelease" NAME="release">Latest Release</A></H3>
-<P>
-The latest release of MIG is version 1.3, 2002-03-08.  However, it is
-recommended that you use the version in CVS instead, as we are only a few steps
-before we'll do another release from there.
-
-<!--
-It features:
-<UL>
-<LI>Minor bug fixes.</LI>
-<LI>The new keyword <CODE>retcode</CODE> is accepted as a parameter
-modifier.  This does not do anything, but is accepted for
-compatibility with the MIG input syntax used with OSF Mach.</LI>
-<LI>The <CODE>debian/</CODE> subdirectory of packaging files is now
-included in the MIG source distribution.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-You can download the latest version of MIG from the GNU ftp server:
-<UL>
-<LI><CODE><A
-HREF="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mig/mig-1.3.tar.gz">mig-1.3.tar.gz</A></CODE>
-[145K].</LI>
-<LI><CODE><A
-HREF="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mig/mig-1.3.tar.gz.sig">mig-1.3.tar.gz.sig</A></CODE>
-[1K].</LI>
-</UL>
--->
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCcvs" NAME="cvs">CVS repository</A></H3>
-<P>
-The MIG source code is managed in the version control system <A
-HREF="/software/cvs/cvs.html">CVS</A>.  You can check out the CVS
-repository through anonymous CVS over SSH with the following
-instruction set.  When prompted for a password for <I>anoncvs</I>,
-simply press the Enter key.
-
-<P>
-Source tree:
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<SAMP>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co mig</SAMP>
-
-<P>Updates from within the module's directory do not need the -d parameter.
-
-<P>For the full details, read the <A
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd">savannah</A> page.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCcvsweb" NAME="cvsweb">Browsing the code</A></H3>
-<P>
-You can also browse the <A
-HREF="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/hurd/mig/">CVS
-repository of MIG</A> with your web browser.  The web pages are
-generated dynamically at the time you request them and are always up
-to date.
-<P>
-There is also a <A
-HREF="http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/">cross referenced
-database</A> of the Hurd, GNU&nbsp;Mach, MIG, and the GNU C library sources
-online for you to browse.  It provides better searching and browsing
-facilities than the online CVS repository, but it is not always up to
-date and does not contain history information.
-
-<P>
-<EM>Some of these links are at other web sites not maintained by the
-FSF. The FSF is not responsible for the content of these other web sites.</EM>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">English</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig-download.es.html">Spanish</a>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/mig.html b/mig.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 49e19a37..00000000
--- a/mig.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <a href="/software/hurd/mig.html">en</a>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig.es.html">es</a>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig.he.html">he</a>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig.pl.html">pl</a>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<a href="/software/hurd/mig.html"><strong>GNU&nbsp;MIG</strong></a><br>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<P>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <li><a href="#introduction" name="TOCintroduction">Introduction to MIG</a>
-  <LI><A HREF="#status" NAME="TOCstatus">Status of the project</A>
-</UL>
-<P>
-<HR>
-
-<h3><a href="#TOCintroduction" name="introduction">Introduction to GNU&nbsp;MIG</a></h3>
-<p>
-GNU&nbsp;MIG is the GNU distribution of the Mach 3.0 interface generator `MIG', as
-maintained by the GNU&nbsp;Hurd developers for the GNU project.
-<p>
-The interface generator produces stub code from interface definition
-(<code>.defs</code>) files.  The stub code makes it easy to implement
-and use Mach interfaces as remote procedure calls (RPC).
-<p>
-You need this tool to compile the GNU&nbsp;Mach and GNU&nbsp;Hurd distributions, and to
-compile the GNU C library for the Hurd.  Also, you will need it for other
-software in the GNU system that uses Mach-based inter-process communication.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCstatus" NAME="status">Status of the project</A></H3>
-<P>
-MIG 1.3 was released in March 2002, and features compatibility with
-OSF Mach.
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <a href="/software/hurd/mig.html">en</a>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig.es.html">es</a>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig.he.html">he</a>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/mig.pl.html">pl</a>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index a368c6c3..6a132e6d 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -11,25 +11,27 @@ is included in the section entitled
 Welcome to...  [[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU
 Hurd!
 
-* **[[Home|/index]]**
-* **[[Community]]**
-* **[[Documentation]]**
-* **[[Hurd/Getting_Help]]**
+  * **[[Home|/index]]**
+  * **[[Community]]**
+  * **[[Documentation]]**
+  * **[[Hurd/Getting_Help]]**
 
 ---
 
-* **[[Hurd]]**[[if test="destpage(hurd*)" then="
-  * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]*
-  * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
-* **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
-  * *[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]*
-  * *[[microkernel/mach/Documentation]]*"]]
+  * **[[Hurd]]**[[if test="destpage(hurd*)" then="
+      * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]*
+      * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
+  * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
+      * *[[microkernel/mach/Documentation]]*
+      * *[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]*"]]
+      * *[[microkernel/mach/MIG]]*[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach/mig*)" then="
+          * [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]"]]
 
 ---
 
-* **[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]]**
-* **[[GNU_system|hurd/running/gnu]]**
+  * **[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]]**
+  * **[[GNU_system|hurd/running/gnu]]**
 
 ---
 
-* **[[HurdNG|hurd/ng]]**
+  * **[[HurdNG|hurd/ng]]**
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 155b3fde577d1f6e06ee1df2204ebcaea7c81935 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 09:44:21 +0100
Subject: Integrate two more HTML pages.

---
 download.html      | 140 -----------------------------------------------------
 hurd.mdwn          |  19 +++++++-
 hurd/building.mdwn |   2 +-
 install.html       | 126 -----------------------------------------------
 4 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 269 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 download.html
 delete mode 100644 install.html

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/download.html b/download.html
deleted file mode 100644
index d2d718f5..00000000
--- a/download.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/download.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/download.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#cvs" NAME="TOCcvs">CVS repository</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#cvsweb" NAME="TOCcvsweb">Browsing the code</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCcvs" NAME="cvs">CVS repository</A></H3>
-<P>
-The Hurd source code is managed in the version control system <A
-HREF="/software/cvs/cvs.html">CVS</A>.  You can check out the CVS
-repository through anonymous CVS over SSH with the following
-instruction set.  When prompted for a password for <I>anoncvs</I>,
-simply press the Enter key.
-
-<P>
-Source tree:
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<SAMP>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd</SAMP>
-
-<P>Updates from within the module's directory do not need the -d parameter.
-
-<P>For the full details, read the <A
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd">savannah</A> page.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCcvsweb" NAME="cvsweb">Browsing the code</A></H3>
-<P>
-You can also browse the <A
-HREF="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/hurd/hurd/">CVS
-repository of the Hurd</A> with your web browser.  The web pages are
-generated dynamically at the time you request them and are always up
-to date.
-<P>
-There is also a <A
-HREF="http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/">cross referenced
-database</A> of the Hurd, GNU&nbsp;Mach, MIG, and the GNU C library sources
-online for you to browse.  It provides better searching and browsing
-facilities than the online CVS repository, but it is not always up to
-date and does not contain history information.
-
-<P>
-<EM>Some of these links are at other web sites not maintained by the
-FSF. The FSF is not responsible for the content of these other web sites.</EM>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/download.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/download.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 178817ca..61e83d21 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -9,6 +9,21 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+The GNU Hurd is under active development.  Because of that, there is no
+*stable* version.  We distribute the Hurd sources only through CVS at present.
+
+Although it is possible to bootstrap the GNU/Hurd system from the sources by
+cross-compiling and installing the system software and the basic applications,
+this is a difficult process.  It is not recommended that you do this.  Instead,
+you should get a binary distribution of the GNU/Hurd, which comes with all the
+GNU software precompiled and an installation routine which is easy to use.
+
+The Debian project has commited to provide such a binary distribution.
+[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|running/debian]] is currently under development and available
+in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
+
+---
+
 [[toc ]]
 
 # Introduction
diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index 7a24f70a..01586c84 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ within a Debian system.
 ## Getting the Source Code
 
 You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's
-RCS](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/download.html#cvs):
+RCS](http://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd):
 
     $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd
 
diff --git a/install.html b/install.html
deleted file mode 100644
index b1517dae..00000000
--- a/install.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/install.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/install.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#version" NAME="TOCversion">Latest version</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCversion" NAME="version">Latest version</A></H3>
-<P>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd is under active development.  Because of that, there is
-no `stable' version.  We distribute the Hurd sources only through CVS
-at present.
-<P>
-Although it is possible to bootstrap the GNU/Hurd system from the sources
-by cross-compiling and installing the system software and the basic
-applications, this is a difficult process.  It is not recommended that
-you do this.  Instead, you should get a binary distribution of the
-GNU/Hurd, which comes with all the GNU software precompiled and an
-installation routine which is easy to use.
-<P>
-The Debian project has commited to provide such a binary distribution.
-<A HREF="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">Debian GNU/Hurd</A> is
-currently under development and available in the sid/unstable branch
-of the Debian archive.  Please see
-the <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">Debian GNU/Hurd</A>
-projects web page for installation instructions.
-
-<P>
-<EM>Some of these links are at other web sites not maintained by the
-FSF. The FSF is not responsible for the content of these other web sites.</EM>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/install.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/install.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 24e7f01d6e6322e9d98412076dcf3f4d98196bb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 11:37:33 +0100
Subject: Integrate auth.html, hurd-paper.html, hurd-talk.html.  Move content
 from devel.html, docs.html.

---
 auth.html                                       |  248 -----
 contributing.mdwn                               |   10 +-
 devel.html                                      |  159 ----
 docs.html                                       |  302 ------
 documentation.mdwn                              |   16 +-
 hurd-paper.html                                 |  812 ----------------
 hurd-talk.html                                  | 1151 -----------------------
 hurd.mdwn                                       |    2 -
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                        |    2 +-
 hurd/critique.mdwn                              |    4 +-
 hurd/documentation.mdwn                         |   48 +-
 hurd/documentation/auth.html                    |  168 ++++
 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html              |  760 +++++++++++++++
 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html               | 1061 +++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                    |   16 +-
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn                     |    9 +-
 hurd/reference_manual.mdwn                      |   18 +
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn                       |    2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn |    2 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                            |    1 +
 hurd/translator/auth.mdwn                       |   13 +
 microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn    |    4 +-
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn             |   18 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn                  |    1 +
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn |   26 +
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn         |    3 +-
 26 files changed, 2146 insertions(+), 2710 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 auth.html
 delete mode 100644 devel.html
 delete mode 100644 docs.html
 delete mode 100644 hurd-paper.html
 delete mode 100644 hurd-talk.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/auth.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/auth.html b/auth.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 676442ee..00000000
--- a/auth.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/auth.html">English</A>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#intro" NAME="TOCintro">Introduction</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ids" NAME="TOCids">How IDs are represented and used</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#posix" NAME="TOCposix">POSIX and beyond</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#servers" NAME="TOCservers">Related servers</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCintro" NAME="intro">Introduction</A></H3>
-<P>
-In this text, which mostly resembles the talk I gave at Libre Software
-Meeting 2002 in Bordeaux, I will describe what the auth server does,
-why it is so important and which cool things you can do with it, both
-on the programming and the user side.  I will also describe related
-programs like the password and fakeauth servers.  Note that this text
-is targeted at programmers who want to understand the auth mechanism
-in detail and are already familiar with concepts like Remote Procedure
-Calls (RPCs) as well as the way User- and Group-IDs are used in the
-POSIX world.
-
-<P>
-The auth server is a very small server, therefore it gives a useful
-example when you want to learn how a server typically looks like.  One
-reason why it is so small is that the auth interface, which it
-implements, consists of only four RPCs.  You can find the interface in
-hurd/hurd/auth.defs and the server itself in hurd/auth/.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCids" NAME="ids">How IDs are represented and used</A></H3>
-<P>
-Each process holds (usually) one port to auth (an auth_t in C source,
-which actually is a mach_port_t, of course).  The purpose of auth is
-to manage User-IDs and Group-IDs, which is the reason why users often
-will have no choice but to make use of the systems main auth server,
-which does not listen on /servers/auth; instead you inherit a port to
-auth from your parent process.  Each such port is (internally in the
-auth server) associated with a set of effective User- and Group-IDs as
-well as a set of available User- and Group-IDs.  So we have four sets
-of IDs in total.  The available IDs can be turned into corresponding
-effective IDs at any time.
-
-<P>
-When you send an auth_getids RPC on the port you hold, you will get
-information about which IDs are associated with it, so you can figure
-out which permissions you have.  But how will a server know that you
-have these permissions and therefore know which actions (e.g. writing
-into file "foo") it is supposed to do on your behalf and which not?
-The establishing of a trusted connection to a server works as follows:
-
-<P><OL>
-<LI>A user wants a server to know its IDs</LI>
-<LI>The user requests a reauthentication from the server</LI>
-<LI>In this request the user will include a port</LI>
-<LI>Both will hand this port to auth</LI>
-<LI>The user uses auth_user_authenticate</LI>
-<LI>The server uses auth_server_authenticate</LI>
-<LI>The server also passes a new port to auth</LI>
-<LI>auth matches these two requests</LI>
-<LI>The user gets the new port from auth</LI>
-<LI>The server learns about the IDs of the user</LI>
-<LI>The user uses the new port for further communication</LI>
-</OL>
-
-<P>
-We have different RPCs for users and servers because what we pass and
-what we get back differs for them: Users get a port, and servers get
-the sets of IDs, and have to specify the port which the user will get.
-
-<P>
-It is interesting to note that auth can match the requests by
-comparing two integers, because when you get the same port from two
-people, you will have the same mach_port_t (which is nothing but an
-integer).
-
-<P>
-All of this of course only works if they use the same auth server,
-which is why I said often you have no choice other than to use the
-one main auth server.  But this is no serious restriction, as the auth server has
-almost no functionality one might want to replace.  In fact, there is
-one replacement for the default auth implementation, but more on that
-later.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCposix" NAME="posix">POSIX and beyond</A></H3>
-<P>
-Before we examine what is possible with this design, let us take a
-short look at how the POSIX semantics are implemented on top of this
-design.  When a program that comes out of POSIX-land asks for its own
-effective User- or Group-ID, we will tell it about the first of the
-effective IDs.  In the same sense, the POSIX real User- or Group-ID is
-the first available ID and the POSIX saved User- or Group-ID is the
-second available ID, which is why you have the same ID two times in
-the available IDs when you log into your GNU/Hurd machine (you can
-figure out which IDs you have with the program "ids", that basically
-just does an auth_getauth RPC).  When you lack one of those IDs (for
-example when you have no effective Group-ID), a POSIX program asking
-for this particular information will get "-1" as the ID.
-
-<P>
-But as you can imagine, we can do more than what POSIX specifies.  Fox
-example, we can modify our permissions.  This is always done with the
-auth_makeauth RPC.  In this RPC, you specify the IDs that should be
-associated with the new port.  All of these IDs must be associated
-with either the port where the RPC is sent to or one of the additional
-ports you can specify; an exception is the superuser root, which is
-allowed to creat ports that are associated with arbitrary IDs.
-Hereby you can convert available into effective IDs.
-
-<P>
-This opens the door to a bunch of nice features.  For example, we have
-the addauth program in the Hurd, which makes it possible to add an ID
-to either a single process or a group of processes if you hold the ID or know the
-appropriate password, and there is a corresponding rmauth program that
-removes an ID.  So when you are working on your computer with GNU
-Emacs and want to edit a system configuration file, you switch to
-Emacs' shell-mode, do an "addauth root", enter the password, edit the
-file, and when you are done switch back to shell-mode and do "rmauth
-root".  These programs have some interesting options, and there are
-various other programs, for setting the complete list of IDs (setauth)
-and so on.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCservers" NAME="servers">Related servers</A></H3>
-<P>
-Finally, I want to explain two servers which are related to auth.  The
-first is the password server, which listens on /servers/password.  If
-you pass to it a User- or Group-ID and the correct password for it, it
-will return a port to auth to you which is associated with the ID you
-passed to it.  It can create such a port because it is running as
-root.  So let us assume you are an FTP server process.  You will start
-as root, because you want to use port 21 (in this case, "port" does
-not refer to a mach_port_t, of course).  But then, you can drop all
-your permissions so that you run without any ID.  This makes it far
-less dangerous to communicate with yet unknown users over the
-network.  But when someone now hands a username and password to you,
-you can ask the password server for a new auth port.  The password
-server will check the data you pass to it, for example by looking into
-/etc/shadow, and if it is valid, it will ask the auth server for a new
-port.  It receives this port from auth and then passes it on to you.
-So you have raised your permissions. (And for the very curious: Yes,
-we are well aware of the differences between this concept and
-capabilities; and we also do have some kinds of capabilities in
-various parts of the Hurd.)
-
-<P>
-My second example is the fakeauth server.  It also implements the auth
-protocol.  It is the part of the fakeroot implementation that gives a
-process the impression that it runs as root, even if it doesn't.  So
-when the process asks fakeauth about its own IDs, fakeauth will tell
-the process that it runs as root.  But when the process wants to make
-use of the authentication protocol described earlier in this text,
-fakeauth will forward the request to its own auth server, which will
-usually be the systems main auth server, which will then be able to
-match the auth_*_authenticate requests.  So what fakeauth does is
-acting as a proxy auth server that gives someone the impression to run
-as root, while not modifying what that one is allowed to do.
-
-<P>
-At this point, I have said at least most of what can be said about the
-auth server and the protocol it implements, so I will finish by saying
-that it might be an interesting task (for you) to modify some existing
-software to take advantage of the features I described here.
-
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/auth.html">English</A>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index 698d03b3..f1003389 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ is another possibility, see the page about
 [[running_a_Hurd_system|hurd/running]] for the full story.
 
 Then you can either play around and eventually strive to do something
-useful or -- if you want -- ask us to assign something to you, depending
+useful or -- if you want -- [[ask_us|contact_us]] to assign something to you, depending
 on the skills you have and the resources you intend to invest.
 
 Please spend some time with thinking about the items in this [[questionnaire]].
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ system, e.g., [[microkernels_for_beginners|microkernel/for_beginners]].  Until
 you can do the basic exercises listed there, you won't be able to significantly
 contribute to the Hurd.
 
-For more reading resources, please see these web pages, and also
-<http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/devel.html>,
-<http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html> for links to a bunch of documents,
-and <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/> in general.
+For more reading resources, please see these web pages, for example,
+[[Hurd_documentation|hurd/documentation]] and
+[[Mach_documentation|microkernel/mach/documentation]] for links to a bunch of
+documents.
 
 ### Porting Packages
 
diff --git a/devel.html b/devel.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a31f959..00000000
--- a/devel.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">en</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.eo.html">eo</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/devel.es.html">es</a>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#contrib" NAME="TOCcontrib">Contributing</A>
-  <li><a href="#machinery" name="TOCmachinery">Machinery: getting access to a
-  system</a>
-  <LI><A HREF="#tasks" NAME="TOCtasks">Tasks</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCcontrib" NAME="contrib">Contributing</A></H3>
-<P>
-If you want to contribute to the Hurd, you should first install and
-use it for a while, to become familiar with its features and design.
-To join the development team, subscribe to the
-<a href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-hurd">Bug-Hurd</a>
-<a href="mailto:bug-hurd@gnu.org">&lt;bug-hurd@gnu.org&gt;</a>
-mailing list, which is also the place where you can announce your
-intentions, make your proposals and send in your patches.
-(You can also send mail there without being subscribed to the list.)
-<P>
-There is also the <a
-href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/hurd-devel-readers">
-Hurd-devel-readers</a>
-mailing list.  It is the read-only version of Hurd-devel, an internal
-low-volume list restricted to the core developers of the Hurd.  If you
-want to follow up on the discussion of the Hurd experts, please reply
-to the Bug-hurd mailing list.  You can also follow the Hurd-devel
-mailing list by browsing the <A
-HREF="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/hurd-devel/">web-based archive of
-Hurd-devel</A>.
-
-<h3><a href="#TOCmachinery" name="machinery">Machinery: getting access to a
-system</a></h3>
-<p>
-There are essentially two possibilities: either you install the GNU/Hurd on a
-system (see <a href="/software/hurd/install.html">here</a>) or if you don't
-have a system to install it on, you can be provided with a shell account.  See
-<a href="http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/public_hurd_boxen">this wiki page</a>
-for details.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCtasks" NAME="tasks">Tasks</A></H3>
-<P>
-Developing an operating system is a huge job, with a lot of different
-things to do.  To be able to keep track of issues, we use a
-<ul>
-  <li><a
-    href="http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?func=browse&set=open&group=hurd">bug
-    tracker</a> to register and comment on bugs, a
-  <li><a
-    href="http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?func=browse&set=open&group=hurd">task
-    tracker</a> for tasks people could work on and a
-  <li><a
-    href="http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?func=browse&set=open&group=hurd">patch
-    tracker</a> where people can install their patches.
-</ul>
-There is also an older (but still valid) list of specific items in the
-<A HREF="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/tasks?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain">task file</A>
-and in the
-<A HREF="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/TODO?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain">TODO file</A>
-of the Hurd source repository.
-
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">en</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.eo.html">eo</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/devel.es.html">es</a>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/docs.html b/docs.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c3a43f1..00000000
--- a/docs.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,302 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/docs.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/docs.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/docs.es.html">Spanish</a>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <li><a href="#papers" name="TOCpapers">Introductory material, papers and
-  other informational documents</a>
-  <LI><A HREF="#faq" NAME="TOCfaq">Frequently asked questions</A>
-  <li><a href="#wiki" name="TOCwiki">Wiki</a>
-  <LI><A HREF="#manuals" NAME="TOCmanuals">Reference manuals</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<h3><a href="#TOCpapers" name="papers">Introductory material, papers and other
-informational documents</a></h3>
-<P>
-<UL>
-
-<LI>
-<A HREF="hurd-paper.html">Towards a New Strategy of OS Design</A>, an
-architectural overview by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
-
-<LI>
-<A HREF="hurd-talk.html">The Hurd</A>, a presentation by Marcus
-Brinkmann.
-
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html" NAME="UsersGuide">  
-GNU/Hurd User's Guide</A>, an introduction to the important 
-concepts and software of the GNU system, written for new 
-users, AKA "GNUbies."
-<P>
-Available Formats:
-<UL>
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html">HTML version</A> for
-browsing online.
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.ps">PostScript version [477kB, 67 pages]</A>
-for download.
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.txt">ASCII text version [154kB]</A>.
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.texi">Texinfo source [155kB]</A>.
-</UL>
-
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html">The Hurd Hacking
-Guide</A>, an introduction to GNU&nbsp;Hurd and Mach programming by
-Wolfgang J&auml;hrling.
-<P>
-Available Formats:
-<UL>
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html">HTML version</A> for
-browsing online.
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.ps">PostScript version [187kB, 37 pages]</A>
-for download.
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.txt">ASCII text version [59kB]</A>.
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.texi">Texinfo source [60kB]</A>.
-</UL>
-
-<li>
-<a href="http://hurdextras.nongnu.org/ipc_guide/">The <em>Unofficial GNU Mach
-IPC beginner's guide</em></a>, an easy introduction to Inter Process
-Comunication in the Mach microkernel by Manuel Pavón Valderrama.
-
-<li>
-<a
-href="http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/mach-ipc-without-mig.txt"><em>Mach
-IPC without MIG</em></a>, an exercise by Neal H Walfield <q>to understand Mach
-IPC at one of its lowest application levels</q>.
-
-<ul>
-<li>
-<a
-href="http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/ipc-hello.c"><em>ipc-hello.c</em></a>:
-<q>Hello world à la mach ipc</q>.
-
-</ul>
-
-<li>
-<a
-href=http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/manual-bootstrap.txt><em>Manually
-Bootstrapping a Translator</em></a>, a text by Neal H. Walfield about how to
-<q>manually connect the translator to the filesystem</q>.
-
-<LI>
-<A HREF="auth.html">The Authentication Server</A>, the transcript of a talk about the details of
-the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang J&auml;hrling.
-
-<li><a
-href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2002-06/msg00001.html"><em>The
-Mach Paging Interface as Used by the Hurd</em></a>, a text by Neal Walfield.
-
-<li><a
-href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-01/msg00046.html"><em>A
-Critique of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd Multi-server Operating System</em></a>, an
-analysis of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd on GNU&nbsp;Mach system, written by Neal Walfield
-and Marcus Brinkmann.
-
-<li><a
-href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2007-01/msg00007.html">Position
-paper <em>Improving Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy
-Refinement</em></a>: Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann give an overview about
-how a future, subsequent system may be architected.
-
-</UL>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCfaq" NAME="faq">Frequently asked questions</A></H3>
-<P>
-Please check out the
-<A HREF="faq.en.html">Frequently
-Asked Questions about the GNU&nbsp;Hurd (33k characters)</A> and their
-answers, which cover most issues a new user will be confronted with.
-<P>
-This document is available in several languages:
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="faq.en.html">English</A>
-<LI><A HREF="faq.fr.html">fran&ccedil;ais</A>
-<LI><A HREF="faq.de.html">deutsch</A>
-<LI><A HREF="faq.ja.html">Japanese</A>
-<LI><A HREF="faq.es.html">espa&ntilde;ol</A>
-<LI><A HREF="faq.it.html">italiano</A>
-
-</UL>
-
-<h3><a href="#TOCwiki" name="wiki">Wiki</a></h3>
-<p>A <a href="http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/">wiki</a> is available for
-collecting ideas and reciepes.  Fell free
-to <a href="http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/HowToContributeToThisWiki">contribute</a>!
-
-<p>Some topics:
-
-<ul>
-
-<li><a href="http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/hurd/ng">The future direction of
-the GNU Hurd</a>.
-
-</ul>
-
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCmanuals" NAME="manuals">Reference manuals</A></H3>
-
-<ul>
-
-<li>
-<p>
-The GNU&nbsp;Mach Reference Manual documents the architecture, the usage and
-the programming of the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel. At the moment, the manual
-documents the interface completely, but is not very useful as a tutorial or
-introduction into the Mach architecture.
-<p>
-Available Formats:
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/index.html">HTML version</a>
-for browsing online;</li>
-<li><a href="/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps">PostScript version</a>
-[around 900KiB];</li>
-<li><a href="/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps.gz">gzipped PostScript
-version</a> [around 300KiB];</li>
-<li><a href="/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.pdf">PDF version</a>
-[around 700KiB].</li>
-</ul>
-<p>
-If you want to work on the manual, you're advised to make a checkout of the <a
-href="gnumach-download.html#cvs">source tree</a>.  Be sure to get the
-<samp>GNU&nbsp;Mach 1 branch</samp> when you intend to work on the manual.  You
-can then find the manual's sources in the <samp>doc/</samp> directory.  Please
-submit any modifications to <a
-href="mailto:bug-hurd@gnu.org">&lt;bug-hurd@gnu.org&gt;</a> (if possible in
-unidiff format, as produced by <samp>diff -u</samp>).
-
-</li>
-
-<li>
-<P>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd Reference Manual documents the architecture, the usage
-and the programming of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd. At the moment, the manual is
-quite incomplete.
-<P>
-Available Formats:
-<UL>
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/doc/hurd_toc.html">HTML version</A> for browsing online.
-</LI>
-<LI>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/doc/hurd.ps">PostScript version [1020kB, 91 pages]</A>
-for download.
-</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-If you want to work on the manual, you're advised to make a checkout of the <a
-href="download.html#cvs">source tree</a>.  You can then find the manual's
-sources in the <samp>doc/</samp> directory.  Please submit any modifications to
-<a href="mailto:bug-hurd@gnu.org">&lt;bug-hurd@gnu.org&gt;</a> (if possible in
-unidiff format, as produced by <samp>diff -u</samp>).
-
-</li>
-
-</ul>
-
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/docs.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/docs.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/docs.es.html">Spanish</a>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn
index 45bb5ffc..4e4b4b23 100644
--- a/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/documentation.mdwn
@@ -8,21 +8,13 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-# General
+Documentation for...
 
-  * [GNU Hurd Documentation](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html)
+  * [[GNU_Hurd|hurd/documentation]]
 
+  * [[Mach|microkernel/mach/documentation]]
 
-# Introductory Material
-
-## External
-
-  * [*Examining the Legendary HURD
-    Kernel*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=1180992),
-    an article by David Chisnall.
-
-    Also covers a bit of GNU's and the Hurd's history, fundamental techniques
-    applied, comparisions to other systems.
+  * [[MIG|microkernel/mach/mig/documentation]]
 
 
 # [[Unix]] Programming
diff --git a/hurd-paper.html b/hurd-paper.html
deleted file mode 100644
index bb49829c..00000000
--- a/hurd-paper.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,812 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>Towards a New Strategy of OS Design</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<H1>Towards a New Strategy of OS Design</H1>
-<A HREF="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg"><IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg"
-   ALT=" [image of a Hurd Metafont Logo] "
-   WIDTH="333" HEIGHT="80">&#32;(jpeg 10k)</A>
-<A HREF="/graphics/hurd_mf.jpg">(jpeg 20k)</A>
-<A HREF="/philosophy/gif.html">no gifs due to patent problems</A>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.tr.html">Turkish</A>
-]
-
-<P>
-This article explains why FSF is developing a new operating system named the
-Hurd, which will be a foundation of the whole GNU system.
-The Hurd is built
-on top of CMU's Mach 3.0 kernel and uses Mach's virtual memory management and
-message-passing facilities.
-The GNU C Library will provide the Unix system
-call interface, and will call the Hurd for needed services it can't provide
-itself.
-The design and implementation of the Hurd is being lead by Michael
-Bushnell, with assistance from Richard Stallman, Roland McGrath,
-Jan Brittenson, and others.
-
-<H2>Part 1: A More Usable Approach to OS Design</H2>
-<P>
-The fundamental purpose of an operating system (OS) is to enable a variety of
-programs to share a single computer efficiently and productively.
-This
-demands memory protection, preemptively scheduled timesharing, coordinated
-access to I/O peripherals, and other services.
-In addition, an OS can allow
-several users to share a computer.
-In this case, efficiency demands services
-that protect users from harming each other, enable them to share without
-prior arrangement, and mediate access to physical devices.
-<P>
-On today's computer systems, programmers usually implement these goals
-through a large program called the kernel.
-Since this program must be
-accessible to all user programs, it is the natural place to add functionality
-to the system.
-Since the only model for process interaction is that of
-specific, individual services provided by the kernel, no one creates other
-places to add functionality.
-As time goes by, more and more is added to the
-kernel.
-<P>
-A traditional system allows users to add components to a kernel only if they
-both understand most of it and have a privileged status within the system.
-Testing new components requires a much more painful edit-compile-debug cycle
-than testing other programs.
-It cannot be done while others are using the
-system.
-Bugs usually cause fatal system crashes, further disrupting others'
-use of the system.
-The entire kernel is usually non-pageable.
-(There are
-systems with pageable kernels, but deciding what can be paged is difficult
-and error prone.
-Usually the mechanisms are complex, making them difficult
-to use even when adding simple extensions.)
-<P>
-Because of these restrictions, functionality which properly belongs
-<STRONG>behind</STRONG>
-the wall of a traditional kernel is usually left out of systems unless it is
-absolutely mandatory.
-Many good ideas, best done with an open/read/write
-interface cannot be implemented because of the problems inherent in the
-monolithic nature of a traditional system.
-Further, even among those with
-the endurance to implement new ideas, only those who are privileged users of
-their computers can do so.
-The software copyright system darkens the mire by
-preventing unlicensed people from even reading the kernel source.
-<P>
-Some systems have tried to address these difficulties.
-Smalltalk-80 and
-the Lisp Machine both represented one method of getting around the problem.
-System code is not distinguished from user code; all of the system is
-accessible to the user and can be changed as need be.
-Both systems were
-built around languages that facilitated such easy replacement and extension,
-and were moderately successful.
-But they both were fairly poor at insulating
-users and programs from each other, failing one of the principal goals of OS
-design.
-<P>
-Most projects that use the Mach 3.0 kernel carry on the hard-to-change
-tradition of OS design.
-The internal structure is different, but the same
-heavy barrier between user and system remains.
-The single-servers, while
-fairly easy to construct, inherit all the deficiencies of the monolithic
-kernels.
-<P>
-A multi-server divides the kernel functionality up into logical blocks with
-well-defined interfaces.
-Properly done, it is easier to make changes and add
-functionality.
-So most multi-server projects do somewhat better.
-Much more
-of the system is pageable.
-You can debug the system more easily.
-You can
-test new system components without interfering with other users.
-But the
-wall between user and system remains; no user can cross it without special
-privilege.
-<P>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of
-<STRONG>system</STRONG>
-code as
-limited as possible.
-Programs are required to communicate only with a few
-essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is replaceable
-dynamically.
-Users can use whatever parts of the remainder of the system
-they want, and can easily add components themselves for other users to take
-advantage of.
-No mutual trust need exist in advance for users to use each
-other's services, nor does the system become vulnerable by trusting the
-services of arbitrary users.
-<P>
-This has been done by identifying those system components which users
-<STRONG>must</STRONG>
-use in order to communicate with each other.
-One of these is responsible for
-identifying users' identities and is called the
-<DFN>
-authentication server.
-</DFN>
-In
-order to establish each other's identities, programs must communicate, each
-with an authentication server they trust.
-Another component establishes
-control over system components by the superuser, provides global bookkeeping
-operations, and is called the
-<DFN>
-process server.
-</DFN>
-<P>
-Not all user programs need to communicate with the process server; it is only
-necessary for programs which require its services.
-Likewise, the
-authentication server is only necessary for programs that wish to communicate
-their identity to another.
-None of the remaining services carry any special
-status; not the network implementation, the filesystems, the program
-execution mechanism (including setuid), or any others.
-
-<H3>The Translator Mechanism</H3>
-<P>
-The Hurd uses Mach ports primarily as methods for communicating between users
-and servers.
-(A Mach port is a communication point on a Mach task where
-messages are sent and received.)  Each port implements a particular set of
-protocols, representing operations that can be undertaken on the underlying
-object represented by the port.
-Some of the protocols specified by the Hurd
-are the I/O protocol, used for generic I/O operations; the file protocol,
-used for filesystem operations; the socket protocol, used for network
-operations; and the process protocol, used for manipulating processes et al.
-<P>
-Most servers are accessed by opening files.
-Normally, when you open a file,
-you create a port associated with that file that is owned by the server
-that owns the directory containing the file.
-For example, a disk-based
-filesystem will normally serve a large number of ports, each of which
-represents an open file or directory.
-When a file is opened, the server
-creates a new port, associates it with the file, and returns the port to the
-calling program.
-<P>
-However, a file can have a
-<DFN>translator</DFN>
-associated with it.
-In this case,
-rather than return its own port which refers to the contents of the file, the
-server executes a translator program associated with that file.
-This
-translator is given a port to the actual contents of the file, and is then
-asked to return a port to the original user to complete the open operation.
-<P>
-This mechanism is used for
-<CODE>mount</CODE>
-by having a translator associated with
-each mount point.
-When a program opens the mount point, the translator (in
-this case, a program which understands the disk format of the mounted
-filesystem) is executed and returns a port to the program.
-After the
-translator is started, it need not be run again unless it dies; the parent
-filesystem retains a port to the translator to use in further requests.
-<P>
-The owner of a file can associate a translator with it without special
-permission.
-This means that any program can be specified as a translator.
-Obviously the system will not work properly if the translator does not
-implement the file protocol correctly.
-However, the Hurd is constructed so
-that the worst possible consequence is an interruptible hang.
-<P>
-One way to use translators is to access hierarchically structured data using
-the file protocol.
-For example, all the complexity of the user interface to
-the
-<CODE>ftp</CODE>
-program is removed.
-Users need only know that a particular
-directory represents FTP and can use all the standard file manipulation
-commands (e.g
-<CODE>ls</CODE>
-or
-<CODE>cp</CODE>)
-to access the remote system, rather than learning
-a new set.
-Similarly, a simple translator could ease the complexity of
-<CODE>tar</CODE>
-or
-<CODE>gzip</CODE>.
-(Such transparent access would have some added cost, but it would
-be convenient.)
-
-<H3>Generic Services</H3>
-<P>
-With translators, the filesystem can act as a rendezvous for interfaces which
-are not similar to files.
-Consider a service which implements some version
-of the X protocol, using Mach messages as an underlying transport.
-For each
-X display, a file can be created with the appropriate program as its
-translator.
-X clients would open that file.
-At that point, few file
-operations would be useful (read and write, for example, would be useless),
-but new operations (
-<CODE>XCreateWindow</CODE>
-or
-<CODE>XDrawText</CODE>)
-might become meaningful.
-In this case, the filesystem protocol is used only to manipulate
-characteristics of the node used for the rendezvous.
-The node need not
-support I/O operations, though it should reply to any such messages with a
-<CODE>message_not_understood</CODE>
-return code.
-<P>
-This translator technique is used to contact most of the services in the Hurd
-that are not structured like hierarchical filesystems.
-For example, the
-password server, which hands out authorization tags in exchange for
-passwords, is contacted this way.
-Network protocol servers are also
-contacted in this fashion.
-Roland McGrath thought up this use of translators.
-
-<H3>Clever Filesystem Pictures</H3>
-<P>
-In the Hurd, translators can also be used to present a filesystem-like view
-of another part of the filesystem, with some semantics changed.
-For example,
-it would be nice to have a filesystem that cannot itself be changed, but
-nonetheless records changed versions of its files elsewhere.
-(This could be
-useful for source code management.)
-<P>
-The Hurd will have a translator which creates a directory which is a
-conceptual union of other directories, with collision resolution rules of
-various sorts.
-This can be used to present a single directory to users that
-contains all the programs they would want to execute.
-There are other useful
-variations on this theme.
-
-<H3>What The User Can Do</H3>
-<P>
-No translator gains extra privilege by virtue of being hooked into the
-filesystem.
-Translators run with the uid of the owner of the file being
-translated, and can only be set or changed by that owner.
-The I/O and
-filesystem protocols are carefully designed to allow their use by mutually
-untrusting clients and servers.
-Indeed, translators are just ordinary
-programs.
-The GNU C library has a variety of facilities to make common sorts
-of translators easier to write.
-<P>
-Some translators may need special privileges, such as the password server or
-translators which allow setuid execution.
-These translators could be run by
-anyone, but only if they are set on a root-owned node would they be able to
-provide all their services successfully.
-This is analogous to letting any
-user call the
-<CODE>reboot</CODE>
-system call, but only honoring it if that user is root.
-
-<H3>Why This Is So Different</H3>
-<P>
-What this design provides is completely novel to the Unix world.
-Until now,
-OSs have kept huge portions of their functionality in the realm of system
-code, thus preventing its modification and extension except in extreme need.
-Users cannot replace parts of the system in their programs no matter how much
-easier that would make their task, and system managers are loath to install
-random tweaks off the net into their kernels.
-<P>
-In the Hurd, users can change almost all of the things that are decided for
-them in advance by traditional systems.
-In combination with the tremendous
-control given by the Mach kernel over task address spaces and properties, the
-Hurd provides a system in which users will, for the first time, be able to
-replace parts of the system they dislike, without disrupting other users.
-<P>
-Most Mach-based OSs to date have mostly implemented a wider set of the
-<STRONG>
-same old
-</STRONG>
-Unix semantics in a new environment.
-In contrast, GNU is extending
-those semantics to allow users to improve, bypass, or replace them.
-
-
-<H2>Part 2: A Look at Some of the Hurd's Beasts</H2>
-<H3>The Authentication Server</H3>
-<P>
-One of the Hurd's more central servers is the authentication server.
-Each
-port to this server identifies a user and is associated by this server with
-an
-<DFN>id block</DFN>.
-Each id block contains sets of user and group ids.
-Either
-set may be empty.
-This server is not the same as the password server
-referred to above.
-<P>
-The authentication server exports three services.
-First, it provides simple
-boolean operations on authentication ports: given two authentication ports,
-this server will provide a third port representing the union of the two sets
-of uids and gids.
-Second,  this server allows any user with a uid of zero to
-create an arbitrary authentication port.
-Finally, this server provides RPCs
-(Remote Procedure Calls between different programs and possibly different
-hosts) which allow mutually untrusting clients and servers to establish their
-identities and pass initial information on each other.
-This is crucial to
-the security of the filesystem and I/O protocols.
-<P>
-Any user could write a program which implements the authentication protocol;
-this does not violate the system's security.
-When a service needs to
-authenticate a user, it communicates with its trusted authentication server.
-If that user is using a different authentication server, the transaction will
-fail and the server can refuse to communicate further.
-Because, in effect,
-this forces all programs on the system to use the same authentication server,
-we have designed its interface to make any safe operation possible, and to
-include no extraneous operations.
-(This is why there is a separate password
-server.)
-<H3>The Process Server</H3>
-<P>
-The process server acts as an information categorization repository.
-There
-are four main services supported by this server.
-First, the process server
-keeps track of generic host-level information not handled by the Mach kernel.
-For example, the hostname, the hostid, and the system version are maintained
-by the process server.
-Second, this server maintains the Posix notions of
-sessions and process groups, to help out programs that wish to use Posix
-features.
-<P>
-Third, the process server maintains a one-to-one mapping between Mach tasks
-and Hurd processes.
-Every task is assigned a pid.
-Processes can register a
-message port with this server, which can then be given out to any program
-which requests it.
-This server makes no attempt to keep these message ports
-private, so user programs are expected to implement whatever security they
-need themselves.
-(The GNU C Library provides convenient functions for all
-this.) Processes can tell the process server their current `argv' and `envp'
-values; this server will then provide, on request, these vectors of arguments
-and environment.
-This is useful for writing
-<CODE>ps</CODE>-like
-programs and also
-makes it easier to hide or change this information.
-None of these features
-are mandatory.
-Programs are free to disregard all of this and never register
-themselves with the process server at all.
-They will, however, still have a
-pid assigned.
-<P>
-Finally, the process server implements
-<DFN>process collections</DFN>,
-which are used
-to collect a number of process message ports at the same time.
-Also,
-facilities are provided for converting between pids, process server ports,
-and Mach task ports, while ensuring the security of the ports managed.
-<P>
-It is important to stress that the process server is optional.
-Because of
-restrictions in Mach, programs must run as root in order to identify all the
-tasks in the system.
-But given that, multiple process servers could
-co-exist, each with their own clients, giving their own model of the
-universe.
-Those process server features which do not require root privileges
-to be implemented could be done as per-user servers.
-The user's hands are
-not tied.
-<H3>Transparent FTP</H3>
-<P>
-Transparent FTP is an intriguing idea whose time has come.
-The popular
-<CODE>ange-ftp</CODE>
-package available for GNU Emacs makes access to FTP files
-virtually transparent to all the Emacs file manipulation functions.
-Transparent FTP does the same thing, but in a system wide fashion.
-This
-server is not yet written; the details remain to be fleshed out, and will
-doubtless change with experience.
-<P>
-In a BSD kernel, a transparent FTP filesystem would be no harder to write
-than in the Hurd.
-But mention the idea to a BSD kernel hacker, and the
-response is that ``such a thing doesn't belong in the kernel''.
-In a sense,
-this is correct.
-It violates all the layering principles of such systems to
-place such things in the kernel.
-The unfortunate side effect, however, is
-that the design methodology (which is based on preventing users from changing
-things they don't like) is being used to prevent system designers from making
-things better.
-(Recent BSD kernels make it possible to write a user program
-that provides transparent FTP.
-An example is
-<CODE>alex</CODE>,
-but it needs to run
-with full root privileges.)
-<P>
-In the Hurd, there are no obstacles to doing transparent FTP.
-A translator
-will be provided for the node
-<CODE>/ftp</CODE>.
-The contents of
-<CODE>/ftp</CODE>
-will probably
-not be directly listable, though further subdirectories will be.
-There will
-be a variety of possible formats.
-For example, to access files on uunet, one
-could
-<CODE>
-cd /ftp/ftp.uu.net:anonymous:mib@gnu.
-</CODE>
-Or to access files on a remote
-account, one might
-<CODE>
-cd /ftp/gnu.org:mib:passwd.
-</CODE>
-Parts of this
-command could be left out and the transparent FTP program would read them
-from a user's
-<CODE>.netrc</CODE>
-file.
-In the last case, one might just
-<CODE>
-cd /ftp/gnu.org;
-</CODE>
-when the rest of the data is already in
-<CODE>.netrc</CODE>.
-<P>
-There is no need to do a
-<CODE>cd</CODE>
-first--use any file command.
-To find out about
-RFC 1097 (the Telnet Subliminal Message Option), just type
-<CODE>
-more /ftp/ftp.uu.net/inet/rfc/rfc1097.
-</CODE>
-A copy command to a local disk
-could be used if the RFC would be read frequently.
-<H3>Filesystems</H3>
-<P>
-Ordinary filesystems are also being implemented.
-The initial release of the
-Hurd will contain a filesystem upwardly compatible with the BSD 4.4 Fast File
-System.
-In addition to the ordinary semantics, it will provide means to
-record translators, offer thirty-two bit user ids and group ids, and supply a
-new id per file, called the
-<DFN>author</DFN>
-of the file, which can be set by the
-owner arbitrarily.
-In addition, because users in the Hurd can have multiple
-uids (or even none), there is an additional set of permission bits providing
-access control for
-<DFN>
-unknown user
-</DFN>
-(no uids) as distinct from
-<DFN>
-known but arbitrary user
-</DFN>
-(some uids: the existing
-<DFN>world</DFN>
-category of file
-permissions).
-<P>
-The Network File System protocol will be implemented using 4.4 BSD as a
-starting point.
-A log-structured filesystem will also be implemented using
-the same ideas as in Sprite, but probably not the same format.
-A GNU network
-file protocol may be designed in time, or NFS may be extended to remove its
-deficiencies.
-There will also be various ``little'' filesystems, such as the
-MS-DOS filesystem, to help people move files between GNU and other OSs.
-
-<H3>Terminals</H3>
-<P>
-An I/O server will provide the terminal semantics of Posix.
-The GNU C
-Library has features for keeping track of the controlling terminal and for
-arranging to have proper job control signals sent at the proper times, as
-well as features for obeying keyboard and hangup signals.
-<P>
-Programs will be able to insert a terminal driver into communications
-channels in a variety of ways.
-Servers like
-<CODE>rlogind</CODE>
-will be able to insert
-the terminal protocol onto their network communication port.
-Pseudo-terminals will not be necessary, though they will be provided for
-backward compatibility with older programs.
-No programs in GNU will depend
-on them.
-<P>
-Nothing about a terminal driver is forced upon users.
-A terminal driver
-allows a user to get at the underlying communications channel easily, to
-bypass itself on an as-needed basis or altogether, or to substitute a
-different terminal driver-like program.
-In the last case, provided the
-alternate program implements the necessary interfaces, it will be used by the
-C Library exactly as if it were the ordinary terminal driver.
-<P>
-Because of this flexibility, the original terminal driver will not provide
-complex line editing features, restricting itself to the behavior found in
-Posix and BSD.
-In time, there will be a
-<CODE>readline</CODE>-based
-terminal driver,
-which will provide complex line-editing features for those users who want
-them.
-<P>
-The terminal driver will probably not provide good support for the
-high-volume, rapid data transmission required by UUCP or SLIP.
-Those
-programs do not need any of its features.
-Instead they will be using the
-underlying Mach device ports for terminals, which support moving large
-amounts of data efficiently.
-
-<H3>Executing Programs</H3>
-<P>
-The implementation of the
-<CODE>execve</CODE>
-call is spread across three programs.
-The
-library marshals the argument and environment vectors.
-It then sends a
-message to the file server that holds the file to be executed.
-The file
-server checks execute permissions and makes whatever changes it desires in
-the exec call.
-For example, if the file is marked setuid and the fileserver
-has the ability, it will change the user identification of the new image.
-The file server also decides if programs which had access to the old task
-should continue to have access to the new task.
-If the file server is
-augmenting permissions, or executing an unreadable image, then the exec needs
-to take place in a new Mach task to maintain security.
-<P>
-After deciding the policy associated with the new image, the filesystem calls
-the exec server to load the task.
-This server, using the BFD (Binary File
-Descriptor) library, loads the image.
-BFD supports a large number of object
-file formats; almost any supported format will be executable.
-This server
-also handles scripts starting with
-<CODE>#!</CODE>,
-running them through the indicated
-program.
-<P>
-The standard exec server also looks at the environment of the new image; if
-it contains a variable
-<CODE>EXECSERVERS</CODE>
-then it uses the programs specified
-there as exec servers instead of the system default.
-(This is, of course,
-not done for execs that the file server has requested be kept secure.)
-<P>
-The new image starts running in the GNU C Library, which sends a message to
-the exec server to get the arguments, environment, umask, current directory,
-etc.
-None of this additional state is special to the file or exec servers;
-if programs wish, they can use it in a different manner than the Library.
-
-<H3>New Processes</H3>
-<P>
-The
-<CODE>fork</CODE>
-call is implemented almost entirely in the GNU C Library.
-The new
-task is created by Mach kernel calls.
-The C Library arranges to have its
-image inherited properly.
-The new task is registered with the process server
-(though this is not mandatory).
-The C Library provides vectors of functions
-to be called at fork time: one vector to be called before the fork, one after
-in the parent, and one after in the child.
-(These features should not be
-used to replace the normal fork-calling sequence; it is intended for
-libraries which need to close ports or clean up before a fork occurs.)
-The C
-library will implement both fork calls specified by the draft Posix.4a (the
-proposed standard dealing with the threads extension to the real-time
-extension).
-<P>
-Nothing forces the user to create new tasks this way.
-If a program wants to
-use almost the normal fork, but with some special characteristics, then it
-can do so.
-Hooks will be provided by the C Library, or the function can even
-be completely replaced.
-None of this is possible in a traditional Unix
-system.
-
-<H3>Asynchronous Messages</H3>
-<P>
-As mentioned above, the process server maintains a
-<DFN>
-message port
-</DFN>
-for each
-task registered with it.
-These ports are public, and are used to send
-asynchronous messages to the task.
-Signals, for example, are sent to the
-message port.
-The signal message also provides a port as an indication that
-the sender should be trusted to send the signal.
-The GNU C Library lists a
-variety of ports in a table, each of which identifies a set of signals that
-can be sent by anyone who possesses that port.
-For example, if the user
-possesses the task's kernel port, it is allowed to send any signal.
-If the
-user possesses a special
-<DFN>
-terminal id
-</DFN>
-port, it is allowed to send the
-keyboard and hangup signals.
-Users can add arbitrary new entries into the C
-library's signal permissions table.
-<P>
-When a process's process group changes, the process server will send it a
-message indicating the new process group.
-In this case, the process server
-proves its authority by providing the task's kernel port.
-<P>
-The C library also has messages to add and delete uids currently used by the
-process.
-If new uids are sent to the program, the library adds them to its
-current set, and then exchanges messages with all the I/O servers it knows
-about, proving to them its new authorization.
-Similarly, a message can
-delete uids.
-In the latter case, the caller must provide the process's task
-port.
-(You can't harm a process by giving it extra permission, but you can
-harm it by taking permission away.)  The Hurd will provide user programs to
-send these messages to processes.
-For example, the
-<CODE>su</CODE>
-command will be able
-to cause all the programs in your current login session, to gain a new uid,
-rather than spawn a subshell.
-<P>
-The C library will allow programs to add asynchronous messages they wish to
-recognize, as well as prevent recognition of the standard set.
-<H3>Making It Look Like Unix</H3>
-<P>
-The C Library will implement all of the calls from BSD and Posix as well as
-some obvious extensions to them.
-This enables users to replace those calls
-they dislike or bypass them entirely, whereas in Unix the calls must be used
-``as they come'' with no alternatives possible.
-<P>
-In some environments binary compatibility will also be supported.
-This works
-by building a special version of the library which is then loaded somewhere
-in the address space of the process.
-(For example, on a VAX, it would be
-tucked in above the stack.)  A feature of Mach, called system call
-redirection, is then used to trap Unix system calls and turn them into jumps
-into this special version of the library.
-(On almost all machines, the cost
-of such a redirection is very small; this is a highly optimized path in Mach.
-On a 386 it's about two dozen instructions.
-This is little worse than a
-simple procedure call.)
-<P>
-Many features of Unix, such as signal masks and vectors, are handled
-completely by the library.
-This makes such features significantly cheaper
-than in Unix.
-It is now reasonable to use
-<CODE>sigblock</CODE>
-extensively to protect
-critical sections, rather than seeking out some other, less expensive method.
-
-<H3>Network Protocols</H3>
-<P>
-The Hurd will have a library that will make it very easy to port 4.4 BSD
-protocol stacks into the Hurd.
-This will enable operation, virtually for
-free, of all the protocols supported by BSD.
-Currently, this includes the
-CCITT protocols, the TCP/IP protocols, the Xerox NS protocols, and the ISO
-protocols.
-<P>
-For optimal performance some work would be necessary to take advantage of
-Hurd features that provide for very high speed I/O.
-For most protocols this
-will require some thought, but not too much time.
-The Hurd will run the
-TCP/IP protocols as efficiently as possible.
-<P>
-As an interesting example of the flexibility of the Hurd design, consider the
-case of IP trailers, used extensively in BSD for performance.
-While the Hurd
-will be willing to send and receive trailers, it will gain fairly little
-advantage in doing so because there is no requirement that data be copied and
-avoiding copies for page-aligned data is irrelevant.
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.tr.html">Turkish</A>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-Other <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">ways to contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-Comments on these web pages to
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1996 Trent Fisher
-<BR>
-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
-19 Dec 1998 jonas
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd-talk.html b/hurd-talk.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 630bbc7d..00000000
--- a/hurd-talk.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1151 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-talk.html">English</A>
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H4><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H4>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#int" NAME="TOCint">Introduction</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ove" NAME="TOCove">Overview</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#his" NAME="TOChis">Historicals</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ker" NAME="TOCker">Kernel Architectures</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#mic" NAME="TOCmic">Micro vs Monolithic</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#sin" NAME="TOCsin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#mul" NAME="TOCmul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#the" NAME="TOCthe">The Hurd even more so.</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#mac" NAME="TOCmac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#how" NAME="TOChow">How to get a port?</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#exa" NAME="TOCexa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#pat" NAME="TOCpat">Pathname resolution example</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#map" NAME="TOCmap">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#filser" NAME="TOCfilser">File System Servers</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#act" NAME="TOCact">Active vs Passive</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#aut" NAME="TOCaut">Authentication</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ope" NAME="TOCope">Operations on authentication ports</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#est" NAME="TOCest">Establishing trusted connections</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#pas" NAME="TOCpas">Password Server</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#pro" NAME="TOCpro">Process Server</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#filsys" NAME="TOCfilsys">Filesystems</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#dev" NAME="TOCdev">Developing the Hurd</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#sto" NAME="TOCsto">Store Abstraction</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#deb" NAME="TOCdeb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#stabin" NAME="TOCstabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#stainf" NAME="TOCstainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#staarc" NAME="TOCstaarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#debide" NAME="TOCdebide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#end" NAME="TOCend">End</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-<H3>Talk about the Hurd</H3>
-<P>
-This talk about the Hurd was written by Marcus Brinkmann for
-<UL>
-<LI>OSDEM, Brussels, 4. Feb 2001,
-<LI>Fr�hjahrsfachgespr�che, Cologne, 2. Mar 2001 and
-<LI>Libre Software Meeting, Bordeaux, 4. Jul 2001.
-</UL>
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCint" NAME="int">Introduction</A></H4>
-<P>
-When we talk about free software, we usually refer to the free
-software licenses.  We also need relief from software patents, so our
-freedom is not restricted by them.  But there is a third type of
-freedom we need, and that's user freedom.
-
-<P>
-Expert users don't take a system as it is.  They like to change the
-configuration, and they want to run the software that works best for
-them.  That includes window managers as well as your favourite text
-editor.  But even on a GNU/Linux system consisting only of free
-software, you can not easily use the filesystem format, network
-protocol or binary format you want without special privileges.  In
-traditional unix systems, user freedom is severly restricted by the
-system administrator.
-
-<P>
-The Hurd removes these restrictions from the user.  It provides an
-user extensible system framework without giving up POSIX compatibility
-and the unix security model.  Throughout this talk, we will see that
-this brings further advantages beside freedom.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCove" NAME="ove">Overview</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-
-<P>
-The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server
-system operating on top of the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel.
-
-<P>
-Topics:
-<UL>
-  <LI>GNU&nbsp;Mach</LI>
-  <LI>The Hurd</LI>
-  <LI>Development</LI>
-  <LI>Debian GNU/Hurd</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-
-<P>
-The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server system operating on top of
-the GNU&nbsp;Mach Microkernel.
-
-<P>
-I will have to explain what GNU&nbsp;Mach is, so we start with that.  Then
-I will talk about the Hurd's architecture.  After that, I will give a
-short overview on the Hurd libraries.  Finally, I will tell you how
-the Debian project is related to the Hurd.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOChis" NAME="his">Historicals</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%">
-<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>1983: Richard Stallman founds the GNU project.</LI>
-  <LI>1988: Decision is made to use Mach 3.0 as the kernel.</LI>
-  <LI>1991: Mach 3.0 is released under compatible license.</LI>
-  <LI>1991: Thomas Bushnell, BSG, founds the Hurd project.</LI>
-  <LI>1994: The Hurd boots the first time.</LI>
-  <LI>1997: Version 0.2 of the Hurd is released.<BR><BR></LI>
-  <LI>1998: Debian hurd-i386 archive is created.</LI>
-  <LI>2001: Debian GNU/Hurd snapshot fills three CD images.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-
-<P>
-When Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1983, he wanted to
-write an operating system consisting only of free software.  Very
-soon, a lot of the essential tools were implemented, and released
-under the GPL.  However, one critical piece was missing: The kernel.
-<P>
-After considering several alternatives, it was decided not to write a
-new kernel from scratch, but to start with the Mach microkernel.  This
-was in 1988, and it was not before 1991 that Mach was released under a
-license allowing the GNU project to distribute it as a part of the
-system.
-<P>
-In 1998, I started the Debian GNU/Hurd project, and in 2001 the number
-of available GNU/Hurd packages fills three CD images.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCker" NAME="ker">Kernel Architectures</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Microkernel:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Enforces resource management (paging, scheduling)</LI>
-  <LI>Manages tasks</LI>
-  <LI>Implements message passing for IPC</LI>
-  <LI>Provides basic hardware support</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Monolithic kernel:
-<UL>
-  <LI>No message passing necessary</LI>
-  <LI>Rich set of features (filesystems, authentication, network
-  sockets, POSIX interface, ...)</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Microkernels were very popular in the scientific world around that
-time.  They don't implement a full operating system, but only the
-infrastructure needed to enable other tasks to implement most
-features.  In contrast, monolithical kernels like Linux contain
-program code of device drivers, network protocols, process management,
-authentication, file systems, POSIX compatible interfaces and much
-more.
-<P>
-So what are the basic facilities a microkernel provides?  In general,
-this is resource management and message passing.  Resource management,
-because the kernel task needs to run in a special privileged mode of
-the processor, to be able to manipulate the memory management unit and
-perform context switches (also to manage interrupts).  Message
-passing, because without a basic communication facility the other
-tasks could not interact to provide the system services. Some
-rudimentary hardware device support is often necessary to bootstrap
-the system.  So the basic jobs of a microkernel are enforcing the
-paging policy (the actual paging can be done by an external pager
-task), scheduling, message passing and probably basic hardware device
-support.
-<P>
-Mach was the obvious choice back then, as it provides a rich set of
-interfaces to get the job done.  Beside a rather brain-dead device
-interface, it provides tasks and threads, a messaging system allowing
-synchronous and asynchronous operation and a complex interface for
-external pagers.  It's certainly not one of the sexiest microkernels
-that exist today, but more like a big old mama.  The GNU project
-maintains its own version of Mach, called GNU&nbsp;Mach, which is based on
-Mach 4.0.  In addition to the features contained in Mach 4.0, the GNU
-version contains many of the Linux 2.0 block device and network card
-drivers.
-<P>
-A complete treatment of the differences between a microkernel and
-monolithical kernel design can not be provided here.  But a couple of
-advantages of a microkernel design are fairly obvious.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmic" NAME="mic">Micro vs Monolithic</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Microkernel
-<UL>
-  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities
-  <LI>Flexibility in operating system design, easier debugging</LI>
-  <LI>More stability (less code to break)</LI>
-  <LI>New features are not added to the kernel</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Monolithic kernel
-<UL>
-  <LI>Intolerance or creeping featuritis</LI>
-  <LI>Danger of spaghetti code</LI>
-  <LI>Small changes can have far reaching side effects</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Because the system is split up into several components, clean
-interfaces have to be developed, and the responsibilities of each part
-of the system must be clear.
-<P>
-Once a microkernel is written, it can be used as the base for several
-different operating systems.  Those can even run in parallel which
-makes debugging easier.  When porting, most of the hardware dependant
-code is in the kernel.
-<P>
-Much of the code that doesn't need to run in the special kernel mode
-of the processor is not part of the kernel, so stability increases
-because there is simply less code to break.
-<P>
-New features are not added to the kernel, so there is no need to hold
-the barrier high for new operating system features.
-<P>
-Compare this to a monolithical kernel, where you either suffer from
-creeping featuritis or you are intolerant of new features (we see both
-in the Linux kernel).
-<P>
-Because in a monolithical kernel, all parts of the kernel can access
-all data structures in other parts, it is more likely that short cuts
-are used to avoid the overhead of a clean interface.  This leads to a
-simple speed up of the kernel, but also makes it less comprehensible
-and more error prone.  A small change in one part of the kernel can
-break remote other parts.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCsin" NAME="sin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Single Server
-<UL>
-  <LI>A single task implements the functionality of the operating system.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Multi Server
-<UL>
-  <LI>Many tasks cooperate to provide the system's functionality.</LI>
-  <LI>One server provides only a small but well-defined part of the
-  whole system.</LI>
-  <LI>The responsibilities are distributed logically among the servers.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-A single-server system is comparable to a monolithic kernel system. It
-has similar
-advantages and disadvantages.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-There exist a couple of operating systems based on Mach, but they all
-have the same disadvantages as a monolithical kernel, because those
-operating systems are implemented in one single process running on top
-of the kernel.  This process provides all the services a monolithical
-kernel would provide.  This doesn't make a whole lot of sense (the
-only advantage is that you can probably run several of such isolated
-single servers on the same machine).  Those systems are also called
-single-server systems.  The Hurd is the only usable multi-server
-system on top of Mach.  In the Hurd, there are many server programs,
-each one responsible for a unique service provided by the operating
-system.  These servers run as Mach tasks, and communicate using the
-Mach message passing facilities.  One of them does only provide a
-small part of the functionality of the system, but together they build
-up a complete and functional POSIX compatible operating system.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmul" NAME="mul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Any multi-server has advantages over single-server:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities</LI>
-  <LI>More stability: If one server dies, all others remain</LI>
-  <LI>Easier development cycle: Testing without reboot (or replacing
-  running servers), debugging with gdb</LI>
-  <LI>Easier to make changes and add new features
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Using several servers has many advantages, if done right.  If a file
-system server for a mounted partition crashes, it doesn't take down
-the whole system.  Instead the partition is "unmounted", and
-you can try to start the server again, probably debugging it this time
-with gdb.  The system is less prone to errors in individual
-components, and over-all stability increases.  The functionality of
-the system can be extended by writing and starting new servers
-dynamically.  (Developing these new servers is easier for the reasons
-just mentioned.)
-<P>
-But even in a multi-server system the barrier between the system and
-the users remains, and special privileges are needed to cross it.  We
-have not achieved user freedom yet.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCthe" NAME="the">The Hurd even more so.</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The Hurd goes beyond all this, and allows users to write and run their
-servers, too!
-<UL>
-  <LI>Users can replace system servers dynamically with their own
-  implementations.</LI>
-  <LI>Users can decide what parts of the remainder of the system they
-  want to use.</LI>
-  <LI>Users can extend the functionality of the system.</LI>
-  <LI>No mutual trust necessary to make use of other users
-  services.</LI>
-  <LI>Security of the system is not harmed by trusting users
-  services.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-To quote Thomas Bushnell, BSG, from his paper
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html">``A new strategy towards OS
-design'' (1996)</A>:
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of system code
-as limited as possible.  Programs are required to communicate only
-with a few essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is
-replaceable dynamically.  Users can use whatever parts of the
-remainder of the system they want, and can easily add components
-themselves for other users to take advantage of.  No mutual trust need
-exist in advance for users to use each other's services, nor does the
-system become vulnerable by trusting the services of arbitrary users.
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-<P>
-<EM>So the Hurd is a set of servers running on top of the Mach
-micro-kernel, providing a POSIX compatible and extensible operating
-system.  What servers are there?  What functionality do they provide,
-and how do they cooperate?</EM>
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmac" NAME="mac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Ports are message queues which can be used as one-way communication
-channels.
-<UL>
-  <LI>Port rights are receive, send or send-once</LI>
-  <LI>Exactly one receiver</LI>
-  <LI>Potentially many senders</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-MIG provides remote procedure calls on top of Mach IPC. RPCs look like
-function calls to the user.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Inter-process communication in Mach is based on the ports concept.  A
-port is a message queue, used as a one-way communication channel.  In
-addition to a port, you need a port right, which can be a send right,
-receive right, or send-once right.  Depending on the port right, you
-are allowed to send messages to the server, receive messages from it,
-or send just one single message.
-<P>
-For every port, there exists exactly one task holding the receive
-right, but there can be no or many senders.  The send-once right is
-useful for clients expecting a response message.  They can give a
-send-once right to the reply port along with the message.  The kernel
-guarantees that at some point, a message will be received on the reply
-port (this can be a notification that the server destroyed the
-send-once right).
-<P>
-You don't need to know much about the format a message takes to be
-able to use the Mach IPC.  The Mach interface generator mig hides the
-details of composing and sending a message, as well as receiving the
-reply message.  To the user, it just looks like a function call, but
-in truth the message could be sent over a network to a server running
-on a different computer.  The set of remote procedure calls a server
-provides is the public interface of this server.
-
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOChow" NAME="how">How to get a port?</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Traditional Mach:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Nameserver provides ports to all registered servers.</LI>
-  <LI>The nameserver port itself is provided by Mach.</LI>
-  <LI>Like a phone book: One list.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-The Hurd:
-<UL>
-  <LI>The filesystem is used as the server namespace.</LI>
-  <LI>Root directory port is inserted into each task.</LI>
-  <LI>The C library finds other ports with hurd_file_name_lookup,
-  performing a pathname resolution.</LI>
-  <LI>Like a tree of phone books.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-So how does one get a port to a server?  You need something like a
-phone book for server ports, or otherwise you can only talk to
-yourself.  In the original Mach system, a special nameserver is
-dedicated to that job.  A task could get a port to the nameserver from
-the Mach kernel and ask it for a port (with send right) to a server
-that registered itself with the nameserver at some earlier time.
-<P>
-In the Hurd, there is no nameserver.  Instead, the filesystem is used
-as the server namespace.  This works because there is always a root
-filesystem in the Hurd (remember that the Hurd is a POSIX compatible
-system); this is an assumption the people who developed Mach couldn't
-make, so they had to choose a different strategy.  You can use the
-function hurd_file_name_lookup, which is part of the C library, to get
-a port to the server belonging to a filename.  Then you can start to
-send messages to the server in the usual way.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCexa" NAME="exa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><PRE>
-mach_port_t identity;
-mach_port_t pwserver;
-kern_return_t err;
-
-pwserver = hurd_file_name_lookup
-                ("/servers/password");
-
-err = password_check_user (pwserver,
-                           0 /* root */, "supass",
-                           &identity);
-</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-As a concrete example, the special filename
-<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> can be used to request a port to the
-Hurd password server, which is responsible to check user provided
-passwords.
-<P>
-(explanation of the example)
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCpat" NAME="pat">Pathname resolution example</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Task: Lookup /mnt/readme.txt where /mnt has a mounted filesystem.
-<UL>
-  <LI>The C library asks the root filesystem server about
-  <SAMP>/mnt/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-  <LI>The root filesystem returns a port to the mnt filesystem server
-  (matching <SAMP>/mnt</SAMP>) and the retry name
-  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-  <LI>The C library asks the mnt filesystem server about
-  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-  <LI>The mnt filesystem server returns a port to itself and records
-  that this port refers to the regular file
-  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The C library itself does not have a full list of all available
-servers.  Instead pathname resolution is used to traverse through a
-tree of servers.  In fact, filesystems themselves are implemented by
-servers (let us ignore the chicken and egg problem here).  So all the
-C library can do is to ask the root filesystem server about the
-filename provided by the user (assuming that the user wants to resolve
-an absolute path), using the <SAMP>dir_lookup</SAMP> RPC.  If the
-filename refers to a regular file or directory on the filesystem, the
-root filesystem server just returns a port to itself and records that
-this port corresponds to the file or directory in question.  But if a
-prefix of the full path matches the path of a server the root
-filesystem knows about, it returns to the C library a port to this
-server and the remaining part of the pathname that couldn't be
-resolved.  The C library than has to retry and query the other server
-about the remaining path component.  Eventually, the C library will
-either know that the remaining path can't be resolved by the last
-server in the list, or get a valid port to the server in question.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmap" NAME="map">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="10">
-<TR>
-<TH>Filedescriptor</TH>
-<TH>Port to server providing the file</TH>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fd = open(name,...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP"
-ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>dir_lookup(..,name,..,&amp;port)</SAMP><BR>
-[pathname resolution]</TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>read(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_read(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>write(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_write(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fstat(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_stat(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">...</TD><TD></TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-It should by now be obvious that the port returned by the server can
-be used to query the files status, content and other information from
-the server, if good remote procedure calls to do that are defined and
-implemented by it.  This is exactly what happens.  Whenever a file is
-opened using the C libraries <SAMP>open()</SAMP> call, the C library
-uses the above pathname resolution to get a port to a server providing
-the file.  Then it wraps a file descriptor around it.  So in the Hurd,
-for every open file descriptor there is a port to a server providing
-this file.  Many other C library calls like <SAMP>read()</SAMP> and
-<SAMP>write()</SAMP> just call a corresponding RPC using the port
-associated with the file descriptor.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilser" NAME="filser">File System Servers</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>Provide file and directory services for ports (and more).</LI>
-  <LI>These ports are returned by a directory lookup.</LI>
-  <LI>Translate filesystem accesses through their root path (hence the
-  name translator).</LI>
-  <LI>The C library maps the POSIX file and directory interface (and
-  more) to RPCs to the filesystem servers ports, but also does work on
-  its own.</LI>
-  <LI>Any user can install file system servers on inodes they own.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-So we don't have a single phone book listing all servers, but rather a
-tree of servers keeping track of each other.  That's really like
-calling your friend and asking for the phone number of the blond girl
-at the party yesterday.  He might refer you to a friend who hopefully
-knows more about it. Then you have to retry.
-<P>
-This mechanism has huge advantages over a single nameserver.  First,
-note that standard unix permissions on directories can be used to
-restrict access to a server (this requires that the filesystems
-providing those directories behave).  You just have to set the
-permissions of a parent directory accordingly and provide no other way
-to get a server port.
-<P>
-But there are much deeper implications.  Most of all, a pathname never
-directly refers to a file, it refers to a port of a server.  That
-means that providing a regular file with static data is just one of
-the many options the server has to service requests on the file port.
-A server can also create the data dynamically.  For example, a server
-associated with <SAMP>/dev/random</SAMP> can provide new random data
-on every <SAMP>io_read()</SAMP> on the port to it.  A server
-associated with <SAMP>/dev/fortune</SAMP> can provide a new fortune
-cookie on every <SAMP>open()</SAMP>.
-<P>
-While a regular filesystem server will just serve the data as stored
-in a filesystem on disk, there are servers providing purely virtual
-information, or a mixture of both.  It is up to the server to behave
-and provide consistent and useful data on each remote procedure call.
-If it does not, the results may not match the expectations of the user
-and confuse him.
-<P>
-A footnote from the Hurd info manual:
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-(1) You are lost in a maze of twisty little filesystems, all
-alike....
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P>
-Because a server installed in the filesystem namespace translates all
-filesystem operations that go through its root path, such a server is
-also called "active translator".  You can install translators using
-the settrans command with the <SAMP>-a</SAMP> option.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCact" NAME="act">Active vs Passive</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Active Translators:
-<UL>
-  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans -a /cdrom /hurd/isofs /dev/hd2</SAMP>"</LI>
-  <LI>Are running filesystem servers.</LI>
-  <LI>Are attached to the root node they translate.</LI>
-  <LI>Run as a normal process.</LI>
-  <LI>Go away with every reboot, or even time out.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Many translator settings remain constant for a long time.  It would be
-very lame to always repeat the same couple of dozens settrans calls
-manually or at boot time.  So the Hurd provides a filesystem extension
-that allows to store translator settings inside the filesystem and let
-the filesystem servers do the work to start those servers on demand.
-Such translator settings are called "passive translators".  A passive
-translator is really just a command line string stored in an inode of
-the filesystem.  If during a pathname resolution a server encounters
-such a passive translator, and no active translator does exist already
-(for this node), it will use this string to start up a new translator
-for this inode, and then let the C library continue with the path
-resolution as described above.  Passive translators are installed with
-settrans using the <SAMP>-p</SAMP> option (which is already the
-default).
-
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Passive Translators:
-<UL>
-  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd1s1</SAMP>"</LI>
-  <LI>Are stored as command strings into an inode.</LI>
-  <LI>Are used to start a new active translator if there isn't
-  one.</LI>
-  <LI>Startup is transparent to the user.</LI>
-  <LI>Startup happens the first time the server is needed.</LI>
-  <LI>Are permanent across reboots (like file data).</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-So passive translators also serve as a sort of automounting feature,
-because no manual interaction is required.  The server start up is
-deferred until the service is need, and it is transparent to the user.
-<P>
-When starting up a passive translator, it will run as a normal process
-with the same user and group id as those of the underlying inode.  Any
-user is allowed to install passive and active translators on inodes
-that he owns.  This way the user can install new servers into the
-global namespace (for example, in his home or tmp directory) and thus
-extend the functionality of the system (recall that servers can
-implement other remote procedure calls beside those used for files and
-directories).  A careful design of the trusted system servers makes
-sure that no permissions leak out.
-<P>
-In addition, users can provide their own implementations of some of
-the system servers instead the system default.  For example, they can
-use their own exec server to start processes.  The user specific exec
-server could for example start java programs transparently (without
-invoking the interpreter manually).  This is done by setting the
-environment variable <SAMP>EXECSERVERS</SAMP>.  The systems default
-exec server will evaluate this environment variable and forward the
-RPC to each of the servers listed in turn, until some server accepts
-it and takes over.  The system default exec server will only do this
-if there are no security implications.  (XXX There are other ways to
-start new programs than by using the system exec server.  Those are
-still available.)
-<P>
-Let's take a closer look at some of the Hurd servers.  It was already
-mentioned that only few system servers are mandatory for users.  To
-establish your identity within the Hurd system, you have to
-communicate with the trusted systems authentication server
-<SAMP>auth</SAMP>.  To put the system administrator into control over
-the system components, the process server does some global
-bookkeeping.
-<P>
-But even these servers can be ignored.  However, registration with the
-authentication server is the only way to establish your identity
-towards other system servers.  Likewise, only tasks registered as
-processes with the process server can make use of its services.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCaut" NAME="aut">Authentication</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-A user identity is just a port to an authserver. The auth server
-stores four set of ids for it:
-<UL>
-  <LI>effective user ids</LI>
-  <LI>effective group ids</LI>
-  <LI>available user ids</LI>
-  <LI>available group ids</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Basic properties:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Any of these can be empty.</LI>
-  <LI>A 0 among the user ids identifies the superuser.</LI>
-  <LI>Effective ids are used to check if the user has the
-  permission.</LI>
-  <LI>Available ids can be turned into effective ids on user
-  request.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The Hurd auth server is used to establish the identity of a user for a
-server.  Such an identity (which is just a port to the auth server)
-consists of a set of effective user ids, a set of effective group ids,
-a set of available user ids and a set of available group ids.  Any of
-these sets can be empty.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCope" NAME="ope">Operations on authentication ports</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The auth server provides the following operations on ports:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Merge the ids of two ports into a new one.</LI>
-  <LI>Return a new port containing a subset of the ids in a port.</LI>
-  <LI>Create a new port with arbitrary ids (superuser only).</LI>
-  <LI>Establish a trusted connection between users and servers.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-If you have two identities, you can merge them and request an identity
-consisting of the unions of the sets from the auth server.  You can
-also create a new identity consisting only of subsets of an identity
-you already have.  What you can't do is extending your sets, unless
-you are the superuser which is denoted by having the user id 0.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCest" NAME="est">Establishing trusted connections</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>User provides a rendezvous port to the server (with
-  <SAMP>io_reauthenticate</SAMP>).</LI>
-  <LI>User calls <SAMP>auth_user_authenticate</SAMP> on the
-  authentication port (his identity), passing the rendezvous port.</LI>
-  <LI>Server calls <SAMP>auth_server_authenticate</SAMP> on its
-  authentication port (to a trusted auth server), passing the
-  rendezvous port and the server port.</LI> 
-  <LI>If both authentication servers are the same, it can match the
-  rendezvous ports and return the server port to the user and the user
-  ids to the server.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Finally, the auth server can establish the identity of a user for a
-server.  This is done by exchanging a server port and a user identity
-if both match the same rendezvous port.  The server port will be
-returned to the user, while the server is informed about the id sets
-of the user.  The server can then serve or reject subsequent RPCs by
-the user on the server port, based on the identity it received from
-the auth server.
-<P>
-Anyone can write a server conforming to the auth protocol, but of
-course all system servers use a trusted system auth server to
-establish the identity of a user.  If the user is not using the system
-auth server, matching the rendezvous port will fail and no server port
-will be returned to the user.  Because this practically requires all
-programs to use the same auth server, the system auth server is
-minimal in every respect, and additional functionality is moved
-elsewhere, so user freedom is not unnecessarily restricted.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCpas" NAME="pas">Password Server</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The password server <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> runs as root and
-returns a new authentication port in exchange for a unix password.
-<P>
-The ids corresponding to the authentication port match the unix user
-and group ids.
-<P>
-Support for shadow passwords is implemented here.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The password server sits at <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> and runs as
-root.  It can hand out ports to the auth server in exchange for a unix
-password, matching it against the password or shadow file.  Several
-utilities make use of this server, so they don't need to be setuid
-root.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCpro" NAME="pro">Process Server</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The superuser must remain control over user tasks, so:
-<UL>
-  <LI>All mach tasks are associated with a PID in the system default
-  proc server.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Optionally, user tasks can store:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Their environment variables.</LI>
-  <LI>Their argument vector.</LI>
-  <LI>A port, which others can request based on the PID (like a
-  nameserver).</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Also implemented in the proc server:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Sessions and process groups.</LI>
-  <LI>Global configuration not in Mach, like hostname, hostid, system
-  version.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The process server is responsible for some global bookkeeping.  As
-such it has to be trusted and is not replaceable by the user.
-However, a user is not required to use any of its service.  In that
-case the user will not be able to take advantage of the POSIXish
-appearance of the Hurd.
-<P>
-The Mach Tasks are not as heavy as POSIX processes.  For example,
-there is no concept of process groups or sessions in Mach.  The proc
-server fills in the gap.  It provides a PID for all Mach tasks, and
-also stores the argument line, environment variables and other
-information about a process (if the mach tasks provide them, which is
-usually the case if you start a process with the default
-<SAMP>fork()</SAMP>/<SAMP>exec()</SAMP>).  A process can also register
-a message port with the proc server, which can then be requested by
-anyone.  So the proc server also functions as a nameserver using the
-process id as the name.
-<P>
-The proc server also stores some other miscellaneous information not
-provided by Mach, like the hostname, hostid and system version.
-Finally, it provides facilities to group processes and their ports
-together, as well as to convert between pids, process server ports and
-mach task ports.
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-User tasks not registering themselve with proc only have a PID assigned.
-<P>
-Users can run their own proc server in addition to the system default,
-at least for those parts of the interface that don't require superuser
-privileges.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Although the system default proc server can't be avoided (all Mach
-tasks spawned by users will get a pid assigned, so the system
-administrator can control them), users can run their own additional
-process servers if they want, implementing the features not requiring
-superuser privileges.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilsys" NAME="filsys">Filesystems</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Store based filesystems
-<UL>
-  <LI><SAMP>ext2fs</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>ufs</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>isofs</SAMP> (iso9660, RockRidge, GNU extensions)</LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>fatfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Network file systems
-<UL>
-  <LI><SAMP>nfs</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>ftpfs</SAMP></LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Miscellaneous
-<UL>
-  <LI><SAMP>hostmux</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>usermux</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>tmpfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-We already talked about translators and the file system service they
-provide.  Currently, we have translators for the ext2, ufs and iso9660
-filesystems.  We also have an nfs client and an ftp filesystem.
-Especially the latter is intriguing, as it provides transparent access
-to ftp servers in the filesystem.  Programs can start to move away
-from implementing a plethora of network protocols, as the files are
-directly available in the filesystem through the standard POSIX file
-interface.
-
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCdev" NAME="dev">Developing the Hurd</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Over a dozen libraries support the development of new servers.
-<P>
-For special server types highly specialized
-libraries require only the implementation of a
-number of callback functions.
-<UL>
-  <LI>Use <SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> for store based filesystems.</LI>
-  <LI>Use <SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> for network filesystems, also for
-  virtual filesystems.</LI>
-  <LI>Use <SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> for simple filesystems providing only
-  a single file or directory.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The Hurd server protocols are complex enough to allow for the
-implementation of a POSIX compatible system with GNU extensions.
-However, a lot of code can be shared by all or at least similar
-servers. For example, all storage based filesystems need to be able to
-read and write to a store medium splitted in blocks. The Hurd comes
-with several libraries which make it easy to implement new servers.
-Also, there are already a lot of examples of different server types in
-the Hurd.  This makes writing a new server easier.
-<P>
-<SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> is a library that supports writing store based
-filesystems like ext2fs or ufs. It is not very useful for filesystems
-which are purely virtual, like <SAMP>/proc</SAMP> or files in
-<SAMP>/dev</SAMP>.
-<P>
-<SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which provide a rich
-directory hierarchy, but don't use a backing store (for example ftpfs,
-nfs).
-<P>
-<SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which just provide
-a single inode or directory. Most servers which are not intended to
-provide a filesystem but other services (like
-<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP>) use it to provide a dummy file, so
-that file operations on the servers node will not return errors. But
-it can also be used to provide meaningful data in a single file, like
-a device store or a character device.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCsto" NAME="sto">Store Abstraction</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Another very useful library is libstore, which is used by all store
-based filesystems.  It provides a store media abstraction.  A store
-consists of a store class and a name (which itself can sometimes
-contain stores).
-<P>
-Primitive store classes:
-<UL>
-  <LI>device store like device:hd2, device:hd0s1, device:fd0</LI>
-  <LI>file store like file:/tmp/disk_image</LI>
-  <LI>task store like task:PID</LI>
-  <LI>zero store like zero:4m (like /dev/zero, of size 4 MB)</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Composed store classes:
-<UL>
-  <LI>copy store like copy:zero:4m</LI>
-  <LI>gunzip/bunzip2 store like gunzip:device:fd0</LI>
-  <LI>concat store like concat:device:hd0s2:device:hd1s5</LI>
-  <LI>ileave store (RAID-0(2))</LI>
-  <LI>remap store like remap:10+20,50+:file:/tmp/blocks</LI>
-  <LI>...</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Wanted: A similar abstraction for streams (based on channels), which
-can be used by network and character device servers.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-<SAMP>libstore</SAMP> provides a store abstraction, which is used by
-all store based filesystems. The store is determined by a type and a
-name, but some store types modify another store rather than providing
-a new store, and thus stores can be stacked. For example, the device
-store type expects a Mach device, but the remap store expects a list
-of blocks to pick from another store, like remap:1+:device:hd2, which
-would pick all blocks from hd2 but the first one, which skipped.
-Because this functionality is provided in a library, all libstore
-using filesystems support many different store kinds, and adding a new
-store type is enough to make all store based filesystems support it.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCdeb" NAME="deb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Goal:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Provide a binary distribution of the Hurd that is easy to
-  install.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Constraints:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Use the same source packages as Debian GNU/Linux.</LI>
-  <LI>Use the same infrastructure:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>Policy</LI>
-    <LI>Archive</LI>
-    <LI>Bug tracking system</LI>
-    <LI>Release process</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Side Goal:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Prepare Debian for the future:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>More flexibility in the base system</LI>
-    <LI>Identify dependencies on the Linux kernel</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The Debian distribution of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd that I started in 1998 is
-supposed to become a complete binary distribution of the Hurd that is
-easy to install.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCstabin" NAME="stabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A></H4>
-<P>
-See
-<A HREF="http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png">http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png</A>
-for the most current version of the statistic.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCstainf" NAME="stainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Plus:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Source packages can identify build and host OS using
-  dpkg-architecture.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Minus:
-<UL>
-  <LI>The binary architecture field is insufficient.</LI>
-  <LI>The BTS has no architecture tag.</LI>
-  <LI>The policy/FHS need (small) Hurd specific extensions.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-While good compatibiity can be achieved at the source level,
-the binary packages can not always express their relationship
-to the available architectures sufficiently.
-<P>
-For example, the Linux version of makedev is binary-all, where
-a binary-all-linux relationship would be more appropriate.
-<P>
-More work has to be done here to fix the tools.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCstaarc" NAME="staarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>Most packages just work.</LI>
-  <LI>Maintainers are usually responsive and cooperative.</LI>
-  <LI>Turtle, the autobuilder, crunches through the whole list right
-  now.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Common pitfalls are POSIX incompatibilities:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Upstream:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>Unconditional use of <SAMP>PATH_MAX</SAMP>
-    (<SAMP>MAXPATHLEN</SAMP>), <SAMP>MAXHOSTNAMELEN</SAMP>.</LI>
-    <LI>Unguarded use of Linux kernel features.</LI>
-    <LI>Use of legacy interfaces (<SAMP>sys_errlist</SAMP>,
-    <SAMP>termio</SAMP>).</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-  <LI>Debian:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>Unguarded activation of extensions available with Linux.</LI>
-    <LI>Low quality patches.</LI>
-    <LI>Assuming GNU/Linux in package scripts.</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Most packages are POSIX compatible and can be compiled without
-changes on the Hurd.  The maintainers of the Debian source packages
-are usually very kind, responsiver and helpful.
-<P>
-The Turtle autobuilder software (<A
-HREF="http://turtle.sourceforge.net" >http://turtle.sourceforge.net</A>)
-builds the Debian packages on the Hurd automatically.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCdebide" NAME="debide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Upstream benefits:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Software packages become more portable.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Debian benefits:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Debian becomes more portable.</LI>
-  <LI>Maintainers learn about portability and other systems.</LI>
-  <LI>Debian gets a lot of public recognition.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-GNU/Hurd benefits:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Large software base.</LI>
-  <LI>Great infrastructure.</LI>
-  <LI>Nice community to partner with.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The sheet lists the advantages of all groups involved.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCend" NAME="end">End</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Join us at
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="http://hurd.gnu.org/" >http://hurd.gnu.org/</A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd"
-  >http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd</A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="http://www.hurdfr.org"
-  >http://www.hurdfr.org</A></LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-List of contacts.
-
-<P>
-<EM>Some of these links are at other web sites not maintained by the
-FSF. The FSF is not responsible for the content of these other web sites.</EM>
-
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-talk.html">English</A>
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001 Marcus Brinkmann <A HREF="mailto:marcus@gnu.org">&lt;marcus@gnu.org&gt;</A>
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 61e83d21..3c65bb4e 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[Critique]] - Analysis
   * [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]]
 * [[Concepts]]
-* Other resources
-  * [Docs at gnu.org](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html)
 
 # Using
 
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index cbb164c8..14144d8e 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 UIDs on the Hurd are separate from processes.  A process has
 [[capabilities|capability]] designating so-called UID vectors that
-are implemented by an [[auth]] server.  This
+are implemented by an [[translator/auth]] server.  This
 makes them easily [[virtualizable|virtualization]].
 
 When a process wishes to gain access to a resource provided by a third
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 9770138e..dacd7bb8 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
-the GNU Hurd Multi-Server Operating
+Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
+the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating
 System*](http://walfield.org/papers/200707-walfield-critique-of-the-GNU-Hurd.pdf).
 This was published in ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review in July 2007.  This
 is sometimes referred to as *the critique*.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index bb37a8be..a8c3a988 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,10 +9,53 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+# Introductory Material
+
   * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]]
 
   * [[Advantages]]
 
   * [[FAQ]]
 
-  * <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html>
+  * [[*Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design*|hurd-paper]], an architectural
+    overview by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
+
+  * [[*The_Hurd*|hurd-talk]], a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann.
+
+  * [[*A_Critique_of_the_GNU_Hurd_Multi-server_Operating_System*|critique]], an
+    analysis of the GNU Hurd on GNU Mach system, written by Neal Walfield and
+    Marcus Brinkmann.
+
+## External
+
+  * [*Examining the Legendary HURD
+    Kernel*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=1180992),
+    an article by David Chisnall.
+
+    Also covers a bit of GNU's and the Hurd's history, fundamental techniques
+    applied, comparisions to other systems.
+
+
+# Development
+
+  * *[[The_GNU_Hurd_Reference_Manual|reference_manual]]*.
+
+  * The *[[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]]*, an introduction to GNU&nbsp;Hurd and Mach
+    programming by Wolfgang Jährling.
+
+  * [*Manually Bootstrapping a
+    Translator*](http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/manual-bootstrap.txt),
+    a text by Neal Walfield about how to *manually connect the translator to
+    the filesystem*.
+
+  * [[*The_Authentication_Server*|auth]], the transcript of a talk about the
+    details of the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang Jährling.
+
+  * [*The Mach Paging Interface as Used by the
+    Hurd*](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2002-06/msg00001.html), a
+    text by Neal Walfield.
+
+  * In the
+    [[Position_paper_*Improving_Usability_via_Access_Decomposition_and_Policy*|ng/position_paper]]
+    Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann give an overview about how a future,
+    subsequent system may be architected.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/auth.html b/hurd/documentation/auth.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..487fc1fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/auth.html
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[meta title="The Authentication Server, the transcript of a talk about the
+details of the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang Jährling"]]
+
+<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
+<UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#intro" NAME="TOCintro">Introduction</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ids" NAME="TOCids">How IDs are represented and used</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#posix" NAME="TOCposix">POSIX and beyond</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#servers" NAME="TOCservers">Related servers</A>
+</UL>
+<HR>
+
+<H3><A HREF="#TOCintro" NAME="intro">Introduction</A></H3>
+<P>
+In this text, which mostly resembles the talk I gave at Libre Software
+Meeting 2002 in Bordeaux, I will describe what the auth server does,
+why it is so important and which cool things you can do with it, both
+on the programming and the user side.  I will also describe related
+programs like the password and fakeauth servers.  Note that this text
+is targeted at programmers who want to understand the auth mechanism
+in detail and are already familiar with concepts like Remote Procedure
+Calls (RPCs) as well as the way User- and Group-IDs are used in the
+POSIX world.
+
+<P>
+The auth server is a very small server, therefore it gives a useful
+example when you want to learn how a server typically looks like.  One
+reason why it is so small is that the auth interface, which it
+implements, consists of only four RPCs.  You can find the interface in
+hurd/hurd/auth.defs and the server itself in hurd/auth/.
+
+<H3><A HREF="#TOCids" NAME="ids">How IDs are represented and used</A></H3>
+<P>
+Each process holds (usually) one port to auth (an auth_t in C source,
+which actually is a mach_port_t, of course).  The purpose of auth is
+to manage User-IDs and Group-IDs, which is the reason why users often
+will have no choice but to make use of the systems main auth server,
+which does not listen on /servers/auth; instead you inherit a port to
+auth from your parent process.  Each such port is (internally in the
+auth server) associated with a set of effective User- and Group-IDs as
+well as a set of available User- and Group-IDs.  So we have four sets
+of IDs in total.  The available IDs can be turned into corresponding
+effective IDs at any time.
+
+<P>
+When you send an auth_getids RPC on the port you hold, you will get
+information about which IDs are associated with it, so you can figure
+out which permissions you have.  But how will a server know that you
+have these permissions and therefore know which actions (e.g. writing
+into file "foo") it is supposed to do on your behalf and which not?
+The establishing of a trusted connection to a server works as follows:
+
+<P><OL>
+<LI>A user wants a server to know its IDs</LI>
+<LI>The user requests a reauthentication from the server</LI>
+<LI>In this request the user will include a port</LI>
+<LI>Both will hand this port to auth</LI>
+<LI>The user uses auth_user_authenticate</LI>
+<LI>The server uses auth_server_authenticate</LI>
+<LI>The server also passes a new port to auth</LI>
+<LI>auth matches these two requests</LI>
+<LI>The user gets the new port from auth</LI>
+<LI>The server learns about the IDs of the user</LI>
+<LI>The user uses the new port for further communication</LI>
+</OL>
+
+<P>
+We have different RPCs for users and servers because what we pass and
+what we get back differs for them: Users get a port, and servers get
+the sets of IDs, and have to specify the port which the user will get.
+
+<P>
+It is interesting to note that auth can match the requests by
+comparing two integers, because when you get the same port from two
+people, you will have the same mach_port_t (which is nothing but an
+integer).
+
+<P>
+All of this of course only works if they use the same auth server,
+which is why I said often you have no choice other than to use the
+one main auth server.  But this is no serious restriction, as the auth server has
+almost no functionality one might want to replace.  In fact, there is
+one replacement for the default auth implementation, but more on that
+later.
+
+<H3><A HREF="#TOCposix" NAME="posix">POSIX and beyond</A></H3>
+<P>
+Before we examine what is possible with this design, let us take a
+short look at how the POSIX semantics are implemented on top of this
+design.  When a program that comes out of POSIX-land asks for its own
+effective User- or Group-ID, we will tell it about the first of the
+effective IDs.  In the same sense, the POSIX real User- or Group-ID is
+the first available ID and the POSIX saved User- or Group-ID is the
+second available ID, which is why you have the same ID two times in
+the available IDs when you log into your GNU/Hurd machine (you can
+figure out which IDs you have with the program "ids", that basically
+just does an auth_getauth RPC).  When you lack one of those IDs (for
+example when you have no effective Group-ID), a POSIX program asking
+for this particular information will get "-1" as the ID.
+
+<P>
+But as you can imagine, we can do more than what POSIX specifies.  Fox
+example, we can modify our permissions.  This is always done with the
+auth_makeauth RPC.  In this RPC, you specify the IDs that should be
+associated with the new port.  All of these IDs must be associated
+with either the port where the RPC is sent to or one of the additional
+ports you can specify; an exception is the superuser root, which is
+allowed to creat ports that are associated with arbitrary IDs.
+Hereby you can convert available into effective IDs.
+
+<P>
+This opens the door to a bunch of nice features.  For example, we have
+the addauth program in the Hurd, which makes it possible to add an ID
+to either a single process or a group of processes if you hold the ID or know the
+appropriate password, and there is a corresponding rmauth program that
+removes an ID.  So when you are working on your computer with GNU
+Emacs and want to edit a system configuration file, you switch to
+Emacs' shell-mode, do an "addauth root", enter the password, edit the
+file, and when you are done switch back to shell-mode and do "rmauth
+root".  These programs have some interesting options, and there are
+various other programs, for setting the complete list of IDs (setauth)
+and so on.
+
+<H3><A HREF="#TOCservers" NAME="servers">Related servers</A></H3>
+<P>
+Finally, I want to explain two servers which are related to auth.  The
+first is the password server, which listens on /servers/password.  If
+you pass to it a User- or Group-ID and the correct password for it, it
+will return a port to auth to you which is associated with the ID you
+passed to it.  It can create such a port because it is running as
+root.  So let us assume you are an FTP server process.  You will start
+as root, because you want to use port 21 (in this case, "port" does
+not refer to a mach_port_t, of course).  But then, you can drop all
+your permissions so that you run without any ID.  This makes it far
+less dangerous to communicate with yet unknown users over the
+network.  But when someone now hands a username and password to you,
+you can ask the password server for a new auth port.  The password
+server will check the data you pass to it, for example by looking into
+/etc/shadow, and if it is valid, it will ask the auth server for a new
+port.  It receives this port from auth and then passes it on to you.
+So you have raised your permissions. (And for the very curious: Yes,
+we are well aware of the differences between this concept and
+capabilities; and we also do have some kinds of capabilities in
+various parts of the Hurd.)
+
+<P>
+My second example is the fakeauth server.  It also implements the auth
+protocol.  It is the part of the fakeroot implementation that gives a
+process the impression that it runs as root, even if it doesn't.  So
+when the process asks fakeauth about its own IDs, fakeauth will tell
+the process that it runs as root.  But when the process wants to make
+use of the authentication protocol described earlier in this text,
+fakeauth will forward the request to its own auth server, which will
+usually be the systems main auth server, which will then be able to
+match the auth_*_authenticate requests.  So what fakeauth does is
+acting as a proxy auth server that gives someone the impression to run
+as root, while not modifying what that one is allowed to do.
+
+<P>
+At this point, I have said at least most of what can be said about the
+auth server and the protocol it implements, so I will finish by saying
+that it might be an interesting task (for you) to modify some existing
+software to take advantage of the features I described here.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15d2daec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[meta title="Towards a New Strategy of OS Design, an architectural overview by
+Thomas Bushnell, BSG."]]
+
+
+This article explains why FSF is developing a new operating system named the
+Hurd, which will be a foundation of the whole GNU system.
+The Hurd is built
+on top of CMU's Mach 3.0 kernel and uses Mach's virtual memory management and
+message-passing facilities.
+The GNU C Library will provide the Unix system
+call interface, and will call the Hurd for needed services it can't provide
+itself.
+The design and implementation of the Hurd is being lead by Michael
+Bushnell, with assistance from Richard Stallman, Roland McGrath,
+Jan Brittenson, and others.
+
+<H2>Part 1: A More Usable Approach to OS Design</H2>
+<P>
+The fundamental purpose of an operating system (OS) is to enable a variety of
+programs to share a single computer efficiently and productively.
+This
+demands memory protection, preemptively scheduled timesharing, coordinated
+access to I/O peripherals, and other services.
+In addition, an OS can allow
+several users to share a computer.
+In this case, efficiency demands services
+that protect users from harming each other, enable them to share without
+prior arrangement, and mediate access to physical devices.
+<P>
+On today's computer systems, programmers usually implement these goals
+through a large program called the kernel.
+Since this program must be
+accessible to all user programs, it is the natural place to add functionality
+to the system.
+Since the only model for process interaction is that of
+specific, individual services provided by the kernel, no one creates other
+places to add functionality.
+As time goes by, more and more is added to the
+kernel.
+<P>
+A traditional system allows users to add components to a kernel only if they
+both understand most of it and have a privileged status within the system.
+Testing new components requires a much more painful edit-compile-debug cycle
+than testing other programs.
+It cannot be done while others are using the
+system.
+Bugs usually cause fatal system crashes, further disrupting others'
+use of the system.
+The entire kernel is usually non-pageable.
+(There are
+systems with pageable kernels, but deciding what can be paged is difficult
+and error prone.
+Usually the mechanisms are complex, making them difficult
+to use even when adding simple extensions.)
+<P>
+Because of these restrictions, functionality which properly belongs
+<STRONG>behind</STRONG>
+the wall of a traditional kernel is usually left out of systems unless it is
+absolutely mandatory.
+Many good ideas, best done with an open/read/write
+interface cannot be implemented because of the problems inherent in the
+monolithic nature of a traditional system.
+Further, even among those with
+the endurance to implement new ideas, only those who are privileged users of
+their computers can do so.
+The software copyright system darkens the mire by
+preventing unlicensed people from even reading the kernel source.
+<P>
+Some systems have tried to address these difficulties.
+Smalltalk-80 and
+the Lisp Machine both represented one method of getting around the problem.
+System code is not distinguished from user code; all of the system is
+accessible to the user and can be changed as need be.
+Both systems were
+built around languages that facilitated such easy replacement and extension,
+and were moderately successful.
+But they both were fairly poor at insulating
+users and programs from each other, failing one of the principal goals of OS
+design.
+<P>
+Most projects that use the Mach 3.0 kernel carry on the hard-to-change
+tradition of OS design.
+The internal structure is different, but the same
+heavy barrier between user and system remains.
+The single-servers, while
+fairly easy to construct, inherit all the deficiencies of the monolithic
+kernels.
+<P>
+A multi-server divides the kernel functionality up into logical blocks with
+well-defined interfaces.
+Properly done, it is easier to make changes and add
+functionality.
+So most multi-server projects do somewhat better.
+Much more
+of the system is pageable.
+You can debug the system more easily.
+You can
+test new system components without interfering with other users.
+But the
+wall between user and system remains; no user can cross it without special
+privilege.
+<P>
+The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of
+<STRONG>system</STRONG>
+code as
+limited as possible.
+Programs are required to communicate only with a few
+essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is replaceable
+dynamically.
+Users can use whatever parts of the remainder of the system
+they want, and can easily add components themselves for other users to take
+advantage of.
+No mutual trust need exist in advance for users to use each
+other's services, nor does the system become vulnerable by trusting the
+services of arbitrary users.
+<P>
+This has been done by identifying those system components which users
+<STRONG>must</STRONG>
+use in order to communicate with each other.
+One of these is responsible for
+identifying users' identities and is called the
+<DFN>
+authentication server.
+</DFN>
+In
+order to establish each other's identities, programs must communicate, each
+with an authentication server they trust.
+Another component establishes
+control over system components by the superuser, provides global bookkeeping
+operations, and is called the
+<DFN>
+process server.
+</DFN>
+<P>
+Not all user programs need to communicate with the process server; it is only
+necessary for programs which require its services.
+Likewise, the
+authentication server is only necessary for programs that wish to communicate
+their identity to another.
+None of the remaining services carry any special
+status; not the network implementation, the filesystems, the program
+execution mechanism (including setuid), or any others.
+
+<H3>The Translator Mechanism</H3>
+<P>
+The Hurd uses Mach ports primarily as methods for communicating between users
+and servers.
+(A Mach port is a communication point on a Mach task where
+messages are sent and received.)  Each port implements a particular set of
+protocols, representing operations that can be undertaken on the underlying
+object represented by the port.
+Some of the protocols specified by the Hurd
+are the I/O protocol, used for generic I/O operations; the file protocol,
+used for filesystem operations; the socket protocol, used for network
+operations; and the process protocol, used for manipulating processes et al.
+<P>
+Most servers are accessed by opening files.
+Normally, when you open a file,
+you create a port associated with that file that is owned by the server
+that owns the directory containing the file.
+For example, a disk-based
+filesystem will normally serve a large number of ports, each of which
+represents an open file or directory.
+When a file is opened, the server
+creates a new port, associates it with the file, and returns the port to the
+calling program.
+<P>
+However, a file can have a
+<DFN>translator</DFN>
+associated with it.
+In this case,
+rather than return its own port which refers to the contents of the file, the
+server executes a translator program associated with that file.
+This
+translator is given a port to the actual contents of the file, and is then
+asked to return a port to the original user to complete the open operation.
+<P>
+This mechanism is used for
+<CODE>mount</CODE>
+by having a translator associated with
+each mount point.
+When a program opens the mount point, the translator (in
+this case, a program which understands the disk format of the mounted
+filesystem) is executed and returns a port to the program.
+After the
+translator is started, it need not be run again unless it dies; the parent
+filesystem retains a port to the translator to use in further requests.
+<P>
+The owner of a file can associate a translator with it without special
+permission.
+This means that any program can be specified as a translator.
+Obviously the system will not work properly if the translator does not
+implement the file protocol correctly.
+However, the Hurd is constructed so
+that the worst possible consequence is an interruptible hang.
+<P>
+One way to use translators is to access hierarchically structured data using
+the file protocol.
+For example, all the complexity of the user interface to
+the
+<CODE>ftp</CODE>
+program is removed.
+Users need only know that a particular
+directory represents FTP and can use all the standard file manipulation
+commands (e.g
+<CODE>ls</CODE>
+or
+<CODE>cp</CODE>)
+to access the remote system, rather than learning
+a new set.
+Similarly, a simple translator could ease the complexity of
+<CODE>tar</CODE>
+or
+<CODE>gzip</CODE>.
+(Such transparent access would have some added cost, but it would
+be convenient.)
+
+<H3>Generic Services</H3>
+<P>
+With translators, the filesystem can act as a rendezvous for interfaces which
+are not similar to files.
+Consider a service which implements some version
+of the X protocol, using Mach messages as an underlying transport.
+For each
+X display, a file can be created with the appropriate program as its
+translator.
+X clients would open that file.
+At that point, few file
+operations would be useful (read and write, for example, would be useless),
+but new operations (
+<CODE>XCreateWindow</CODE>
+or
+<CODE>XDrawText</CODE>)
+might become meaningful.
+In this case, the filesystem protocol is used only to manipulate
+characteristics of the node used for the rendezvous.
+The node need not
+support I/O operations, though it should reply to any such messages with a
+<CODE>message_not_understood</CODE>
+return code.
+<P>
+This translator technique is used to contact most of the services in the Hurd
+that are not structured like hierarchical filesystems.
+For example, the
+password server, which hands out authorization tags in exchange for
+passwords, is contacted this way.
+Network protocol servers are also
+contacted in this fashion.
+Roland McGrath thought up this use of translators.
+
+<H3>Clever Filesystem Pictures</H3>
+<P>
+In the Hurd, translators can also be used to present a filesystem-like view
+of another part of the filesystem, with some semantics changed.
+For example,
+it would be nice to have a filesystem that cannot itself be changed, but
+nonetheless records changed versions of its files elsewhere.
+(This could be
+useful for source code management.)
+<P>
+The Hurd will have a translator which creates a directory which is a
+conceptual union of other directories, with collision resolution rules of
+various sorts.
+This can be used to present a single directory to users that
+contains all the programs they would want to execute.
+There are other useful
+variations on this theme.
+
+<H3>What The User Can Do</H3>
+<P>
+No translator gains extra privilege by virtue of being hooked into the
+filesystem.
+Translators run with the uid of the owner of the file being
+translated, and can only be set or changed by that owner.
+The I/O and
+filesystem protocols are carefully designed to allow their use by mutually
+untrusting clients and servers.
+Indeed, translators are just ordinary
+programs.
+The GNU C library has a variety of facilities to make common sorts
+of translators easier to write.
+<P>
+Some translators may need special privileges, such as the password server or
+translators which allow setuid execution.
+These translators could be run by
+anyone, but only if they are set on a root-owned node would they be able to
+provide all their services successfully.
+This is analogous to letting any
+user call the
+<CODE>reboot</CODE>
+system call, but only honoring it if that user is root.
+
+<H3>Why This Is So Different</H3>
+<P>
+What this design provides is completely novel to the Unix world.
+Until now,
+OSs have kept huge portions of their functionality in the realm of system
+code, thus preventing its modification and extension except in extreme need.
+Users cannot replace parts of the system in their programs no matter how much
+easier that would make their task, and system managers are loath to install
+random tweaks off the net into their kernels.
+<P>
+In the Hurd, users can change almost all of the things that are decided for
+them in advance by traditional systems.
+In combination with the tremendous
+control given by the Mach kernel over task address spaces and properties, the
+Hurd provides a system in which users will, for the first time, be able to
+replace parts of the system they dislike, without disrupting other users.
+<P>
+Most Mach-based OSs to date have mostly implemented a wider set of the
+<STRONG>
+same old
+</STRONG>
+Unix semantics in a new environment.
+In contrast, GNU is extending
+those semantics to allow users to improve, bypass, or replace them.
+
+
+<H2>Part 2: A Look at Some of the Hurd's Beasts</H2>
+<H3>The Authentication Server</H3>
+<P>
+One of the Hurd's more central servers is the authentication server.
+Each
+port to this server identifies a user and is associated by this server with
+an
+<DFN>id block</DFN>.
+Each id block contains sets of user and group ids.
+Either
+set may be empty.
+This server is not the same as the password server
+referred to above.
+<P>
+The authentication server exports three services.
+First, it provides simple
+boolean operations on authentication ports: given two authentication ports,
+this server will provide a third port representing the union of the two sets
+of uids and gids.
+Second,  this server allows any user with a uid of zero to
+create an arbitrary authentication port.
+Finally, this server provides RPCs
+(Remote Procedure Calls between different programs and possibly different
+hosts) which allow mutually untrusting clients and servers to establish their
+identities and pass initial information on each other.
+This is crucial to
+the security of the filesystem and I/O protocols.
+<P>
+Any user could write a program which implements the authentication protocol;
+this does not violate the system's security.
+When a service needs to
+authenticate a user, it communicates with its trusted authentication server.
+If that user is using a different authentication server, the transaction will
+fail and the server can refuse to communicate further.
+Because, in effect,
+this forces all programs on the system to use the same authentication server,
+we have designed its interface to make any safe operation possible, and to
+include no extraneous operations.
+(This is why there is a separate password
+server.)
+<H3>The Process Server</H3>
+<P>
+The process server acts as an information categorization repository.
+There
+are four main services supported by this server.
+First, the process server
+keeps track of generic host-level information not handled by the Mach kernel.
+For example, the hostname, the hostid, and the system version are maintained
+by the process server.
+Second, this server maintains the Posix notions of
+sessions and process groups, to help out programs that wish to use Posix
+features.
+<P>
+Third, the process server maintains a one-to-one mapping between Mach tasks
+and Hurd processes.
+Every task is assigned a pid.
+Processes can register a
+message port with this server, which can then be given out to any program
+which requests it.
+This server makes no attempt to keep these message ports
+private, so user programs are expected to implement whatever security they
+need themselves.
+(The GNU C Library provides convenient functions for all
+this.) Processes can tell the process server their current `argv' and `envp'
+values; this server will then provide, on request, these vectors of arguments
+and environment.
+This is useful for writing
+<CODE>ps</CODE>-like
+programs and also
+makes it easier to hide or change this information.
+None of these features
+are mandatory.
+Programs are free to disregard all of this and never register
+themselves with the process server at all.
+They will, however, still have a
+pid assigned.
+<P>
+Finally, the process server implements
+<DFN>process collections</DFN>,
+which are used
+to collect a number of process message ports at the same time.
+Also,
+facilities are provided for converting between pids, process server ports,
+and Mach task ports, while ensuring the security of the ports managed.
+<P>
+It is important to stress that the process server is optional.
+Because of
+restrictions in Mach, programs must run as root in order to identify all the
+tasks in the system.
+But given that, multiple process servers could
+co-exist, each with their own clients, giving their own model of the
+universe.
+Those process server features which do not require root privileges
+to be implemented could be done as per-user servers.
+The user's hands are
+not tied.
+<H3>Transparent FTP</H3>
+<P>
+Transparent FTP is an intriguing idea whose time has come.
+The popular
+<CODE>ange-ftp</CODE>
+package available for GNU Emacs makes access to FTP files
+virtually transparent to all the Emacs file manipulation functions.
+Transparent FTP does the same thing, but in a system wide fashion.
+This
+server is not yet written; the details remain to be fleshed out, and will
+doubtless change with experience.
+<P>
+In a BSD kernel, a transparent FTP filesystem would be no harder to write
+than in the Hurd.
+But mention the idea to a BSD kernel hacker, and the
+response is that ``such a thing doesn't belong in the kernel''.
+In a sense,
+this is correct.
+It violates all the layering principles of such systems to
+place such things in the kernel.
+The unfortunate side effect, however, is
+that the design methodology (which is based on preventing users from changing
+things they don't like) is being used to prevent system designers from making
+things better.
+(Recent BSD kernels make it possible to write a user program
+that provides transparent FTP.
+An example is
+<CODE>alex</CODE>,
+but it needs to run
+with full root privileges.)
+<P>
+In the Hurd, there are no obstacles to doing transparent FTP.
+A translator
+will be provided for the node
+<CODE>/ftp</CODE>.
+The contents of
+<CODE>/ftp</CODE>
+will probably
+not be directly listable, though further subdirectories will be.
+There will
+be a variety of possible formats.
+For example, to access files on uunet, one
+could
+<CODE>
+cd /ftp/ftp.uu.net:anonymous:mib@gnu.
+</CODE>
+Or to access files on a remote
+account, one might
+<CODE>
+cd /ftp/gnu.org:mib:passwd.
+</CODE>
+Parts of this
+command could be left out and the transparent FTP program would read them
+from a user's
+<CODE>.netrc</CODE>
+file.
+In the last case, one might just
+<CODE>
+cd /ftp/gnu.org;
+</CODE>
+when the rest of the data is already in
+<CODE>.netrc</CODE>.
+<P>
+There is no need to do a
+<CODE>cd</CODE>
+first--use any file command.
+To find out about
+RFC 1097 (the Telnet Subliminal Message Option), just type
+<CODE>
+more /ftp/ftp.uu.net/inet/rfc/rfc1097.
+</CODE>
+A copy command to a local disk
+could be used if the RFC would be read frequently.
+<H3>Filesystems</H3>
+<P>
+Ordinary filesystems are also being implemented.
+The initial release of the
+Hurd will contain a filesystem upwardly compatible with the BSD 4.4 Fast File
+System.
+In addition to the ordinary semantics, it will provide means to
+record translators, offer thirty-two bit user ids and group ids, and supply a
+new id per file, called the
+<DFN>author</DFN>
+of the file, which can be set by the
+owner arbitrarily.
+In addition, because users in the Hurd can have multiple
+uids (or even none), there is an additional set of permission bits providing
+access control for
+<DFN>
+unknown user
+</DFN>
+(no uids) as distinct from
+<DFN>
+known but arbitrary user
+</DFN>
+(some uids: the existing
+<DFN>world</DFN>
+category of file
+permissions).
+<P>
+The Network File System protocol will be implemented using 4.4 BSD as a
+starting point.
+A log-structured filesystem will also be implemented using
+the same ideas as in Sprite, but probably not the same format.
+A GNU network
+file protocol may be designed in time, or NFS may be extended to remove its
+deficiencies.
+There will also be various ``little'' filesystems, such as the
+MS-DOS filesystem, to help people move files between GNU and other OSs.
+
+<H3>Terminals</H3>
+<P>
+An I/O server will provide the terminal semantics of Posix.
+The GNU C
+Library has features for keeping track of the controlling terminal and for
+arranging to have proper job control signals sent at the proper times, as
+well as features for obeying keyboard and hangup signals.
+<P>
+Programs will be able to insert a terminal driver into communications
+channels in a variety of ways.
+Servers like
+<CODE>rlogind</CODE>
+will be able to insert
+the terminal protocol onto their network communication port.
+Pseudo-terminals will not be necessary, though they will be provided for
+backward compatibility with older programs.
+No programs in GNU will depend
+on them.
+<P>
+Nothing about a terminal driver is forced upon users.
+A terminal driver
+allows a user to get at the underlying communications channel easily, to
+bypass itself on an as-needed basis or altogether, or to substitute a
+different terminal driver-like program.
+In the last case, provided the
+alternate program implements the necessary interfaces, it will be used by the
+C Library exactly as if it were the ordinary terminal driver.
+<P>
+Because of this flexibility, the original terminal driver will not provide
+complex line editing features, restricting itself to the behavior found in
+Posix and BSD.
+In time, there will be a
+<CODE>readline</CODE>-based
+terminal driver,
+which will provide complex line-editing features for those users who want
+them.
+<P>
+The terminal driver will probably not provide good support for the
+high-volume, rapid data transmission required by UUCP or SLIP.
+Those
+programs do not need any of its features.
+Instead they will be using the
+underlying Mach device ports for terminals, which support moving large
+amounts of data efficiently.
+
+<H3>Executing Programs</H3>
+<P>
+The implementation of the
+<CODE>execve</CODE>
+call is spread across three programs.
+The
+library marshals the argument and environment vectors.
+It then sends a
+message to the file server that holds the file to be executed.
+The file
+server checks execute permissions and makes whatever changes it desires in
+the exec call.
+For example, if the file is marked setuid and the fileserver
+has the ability, it will change the user identification of the new image.
+The file server also decides if programs which had access to the old task
+should continue to have access to the new task.
+If the file server is
+augmenting permissions, or executing an unreadable image, then the exec needs
+to take place in a new Mach task to maintain security.
+<P>
+After deciding the policy associated with the new image, the filesystem calls
+the exec server to load the task.
+This server, using the BFD (Binary File
+Descriptor) library, loads the image.
+BFD supports a large number of object
+file formats; almost any supported format will be executable.
+This server
+also handles scripts starting with
+<CODE>#!</CODE>,
+running them through the indicated
+program.
+<P>
+The standard exec server also looks at the environment of the new image; if
+it contains a variable
+<CODE>EXECSERVERS</CODE>
+then it uses the programs specified
+there as exec servers instead of the system default.
+(This is, of course,
+not done for execs that the file server has requested be kept secure.)
+<P>
+The new image starts running in the GNU C Library, which sends a message to
+the exec server to get the arguments, environment, umask, current directory,
+etc.
+None of this additional state is special to the file or exec servers;
+if programs wish, they can use it in a different manner than the Library.
+
+<H3>New Processes</H3>
+<P>
+The
+<CODE>fork</CODE>
+call is implemented almost entirely in the GNU C Library.
+The new
+task is created by Mach kernel calls.
+The C Library arranges to have its
+image inherited properly.
+The new task is registered with the process server
+(though this is not mandatory).
+The C Library provides vectors of functions
+to be called at fork time: one vector to be called before the fork, one after
+in the parent, and one after in the child.
+(These features should not be
+used to replace the normal fork-calling sequence; it is intended for
+libraries which need to close ports or clean up before a fork occurs.)
+The C
+library will implement both fork calls specified by the draft Posix.4a (the
+proposed standard dealing with the threads extension to the real-time
+extension).
+<P>
+Nothing forces the user to create new tasks this way.
+If a program wants to
+use almost the normal fork, but with some special characteristics, then it
+can do so.
+Hooks will be provided by the C Library, or the function can even
+be completely replaced.
+None of this is possible in a traditional Unix
+system.
+
+<H3>Asynchronous Messages</H3>
+<P>
+As mentioned above, the process server maintains a
+<DFN>
+message port
+</DFN>
+for each
+task registered with it.
+These ports are public, and are used to send
+asynchronous messages to the task.
+Signals, for example, are sent to the
+message port.
+The signal message also provides a port as an indication that
+the sender should be trusted to send the signal.
+The GNU C Library lists a
+variety of ports in a table, each of which identifies a set of signals that
+can be sent by anyone who possesses that port.
+For example, if the user
+possesses the task's kernel port, it is allowed to send any signal.
+If the
+user possesses a special
+<DFN>
+terminal id
+</DFN>
+port, it is allowed to send the
+keyboard and hangup signals.
+Users can add arbitrary new entries into the C
+library's signal permissions table.
+<P>
+When a process's process group changes, the process server will send it a
+message indicating the new process group.
+In this case, the process server
+proves its authority by providing the task's kernel port.
+<P>
+The C library also has messages to add and delete uids currently used by the
+process.
+If new uids are sent to the program, the library adds them to its
+current set, and then exchanges messages with all the I/O servers it knows
+about, proving to them its new authorization.
+Similarly, a message can
+delete uids.
+In the latter case, the caller must provide the process's task
+port.
+(You can't harm a process by giving it extra permission, but you can
+harm it by taking permission away.)  The Hurd will provide user programs to
+send these messages to processes.
+For example, the
+<CODE>su</CODE>
+command will be able
+to cause all the programs in your current login session, to gain a new uid,
+rather than spawn a subshell.
+<P>
+The C library will allow programs to add asynchronous messages they wish to
+recognize, as well as prevent recognition of the standard set.
+<H3>Making It Look Like Unix</H3>
+<P>
+The C Library will implement all of the calls from BSD and Posix as well as
+some obvious extensions to them.
+This enables users to replace those calls
+they dislike or bypass them entirely, whereas in Unix the calls must be used
+``as they come'' with no alternatives possible.
+<P>
+In some environments binary compatibility will also be supported.
+This works
+by building a special version of the library which is then loaded somewhere
+in the address space of the process.
+(For example, on a VAX, it would be
+tucked in above the stack.)  A feature of Mach, called system call
+redirection, is then used to trap Unix system calls and turn them into jumps
+into this special version of the library.
+(On almost all machines, the cost
+of such a redirection is very small; this is a highly optimized path in Mach.
+On a 386 it's about two dozen instructions.
+This is little worse than a
+simple procedure call.)
+<P>
+Many features of Unix, such as signal masks and vectors, are handled
+completely by the library.
+This makes such features significantly cheaper
+than in Unix.
+It is now reasonable to use
+<CODE>sigblock</CODE>
+extensively to protect
+critical sections, rather than seeking out some other, less expensive method.
+
+<H3>Network Protocols</H3>
+<P>
+The Hurd will have a library that will make it very easy to port 4.4 BSD
+protocol stacks into the Hurd.
+This will enable operation, virtually for
+free, of all the protocols supported by BSD.
+Currently, this includes the
+CCITT protocols, the TCP/IP protocols, the Xerox NS protocols, and the ISO
+protocols.
+<P>
+For optimal performance some work would be necessary to take advantage of
+Hurd features that provide for very high speed I/O.
+For most protocols this
+will require some thought, but not too much time.
+The Hurd will run the
+TCP/IP protocols as efficiently as possible.
+<P>
+As an interesting example of the flexibility of the Hurd design, consider the
+case of IP trailers, used extensively in BSD for performance.
+While the Hurd
+will be willing to send and receive trailers, it will gain fairly little
+advantage in doing so because there is no requirement that data be copied and
+avoiding copies for page-aligned data is irrelevant.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d608e12a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001 Marcus Brinkmann"]]
+
+[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[meta title="The Hurd, a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann"]]
+
+
+<H4><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H4>
+<UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#int" NAME="TOCint">Introduction</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ove" NAME="TOCove">Overview</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#his" NAME="TOChis">Historicals</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ker" NAME="TOCker">Kernel Architectures</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#mic" NAME="TOCmic">Micro vs Monolithic</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#sin" NAME="TOCsin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#mul" NAME="TOCmul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#the" NAME="TOCthe">The Hurd even more so.</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#mac" NAME="TOCmac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#how" NAME="TOChow">How to get a port?</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#exa" NAME="TOCexa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#pat" NAME="TOCpat">Pathname resolution example</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#map" NAME="TOCmap">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#filser" NAME="TOCfilser">File System Servers</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#act" NAME="TOCact">Active vs Passive</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#aut" NAME="TOCaut">Authentication</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ope" NAME="TOCope">Operations on authentication ports</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#est" NAME="TOCest">Establishing trusted connections</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#pas" NAME="TOCpas">Password Server</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#pro" NAME="TOCpro">Process Server</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#filsys" NAME="TOCfilsys">Filesystems</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#dev" NAME="TOCdev">Developing the Hurd</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#sto" NAME="TOCsto">Store Abstraction</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#deb" NAME="TOCdeb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#stabin" NAME="TOCstabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#stainf" NAME="TOCstainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#staarc" NAME="TOCstaarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#debide" NAME="TOCdebide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#end" NAME="TOCend">End</A>
+</UL>
+<HR>
+<H3>Talk about the Hurd</H3>
+<P>
+This talk about the Hurd was written by Marcus Brinkmann for
+<UL>
+<LI>OSDEM, Brussels, 4. Feb 2001,
+<LI>Frühjahrsfachgespräche, Cologne, 2. Mar 2001 and
+<LI>Libre Software Meeting, Bordeaux, 4. Jul 2001.
+</UL>
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCint" NAME="int">Introduction</A></H4>
+<P>
+When we talk about free software, we usually refer to the free
+software licenses.  We also need relief from software patents, so our
+freedom is not restricted by them.  But there is a third type of
+freedom we need, and that's user freedom.
+
+<P>
+Expert users don't take a system as it is.  They like to change the
+configuration, and they want to run the software that works best for
+them.  That includes window managers as well as your favourite text
+editor.  But even on a GNU/Linux system consisting only of free
+software, you can not easily use the filesystem format, network
+protocol or binary format you want without special privileges.  In
+traditional unix systems, user freedom is severly restricted by the
+system administrator.
+
+<P>
+The Hurd removes these restrictions from the user.  It provides an
+user extensible system framework without giving up POSIX compatibility
+and the unix security model.  Throughout this talk, we will see that
+this brings further advantages beside freedom.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCove" NAME="ove">Overview</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+
+<P>
+The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server
+system operating on top of the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel.
+
+<P>
+Topics:
+<UL>
+  <LI>GNU&nbsp;Mach</LI>
+  <LI>The Hurd</LI>
+  <LI>Development</LI>
+  <LI>Debian GNU/Hurd</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+<P>
+The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server system operating on top of
+the GNU&nbsp;Mach Microkernel.
+
+<P>
+I will have to explain what GNU&nbsp;Mach is, so we start with that.  Then
+I will talk about the Hurd's architecture.  After that, I will give a
+short overview on the Hurd libraries.  Finally, I will tell you how
+the Debian project is related to the Hurd.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOChis" NAME="his">Historicals</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%">
+<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>1983: Richard Stallman founds the GNU project.</LI>
+  <LI>1988: Decision is made to use Mach 3.0 as the kernel.</LI>
+  <LI>1991: Mach 3.0 is released under compatible license.</LI>
+  <LI>1991: Thomas Bushnell, BSG, founds the Hurd project.</LI>
+  <LI>1994: The Hurd boots the first time.</LI>
+  <LI>1997: Version 0.2 of the Hurd is released.<BR><BR></LI>
+  <LI>1998: Debian hurd-i386 archive is created.</LI>
+  <LI>2001: Debian GNU/Hurd snapshot fills three CD images.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+<P>
+When Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1983, he wanted to
+write an operating system consisting only of free software.  Very
+soon, a lot of the essential tools were implemented, and released
+under the GPL.  However, one critical piece was missing: The kernel.
+<P>
+After considering several alternatives, it was decided not to write a
+new kernel from scratch, but to start with the Mach microkernel.  This
+was in 1988, and it was not before 1991 that Mach was released under a
+license allowing the GNU project to distribute it as a part of the
+system.
+<P>
+In 1998, I started the Debian GNU/Hurd project, and in 2001 the number
+of available GNU/Hurd packages fills three CD images.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCker" NAME="ker">Kernel Architectures</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Microkernel:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Enforces resource management (paging, scheduling)</LI>
+  <LI>Manages tasks</LI>
+  <LI>Implements message passing for IPC</LI>
+  <LI>Provides basic hardware support</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Monolithic kernel:
+<UL>
+  <LI>No message passing necessary</LI>
+  <LI>Rich set of features (filesystems, authentication, network
+  sockets, POSIX interface, ...)</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Microkernels were very popular in the scientific world around that
+time.  They don't implement a full operating system, but only the
+infrastructure needed to enable other tasks to implement most
+features.  In contrast, monolithical kernels like Linux contain
+program code of device drivers, network protocols, process management,
+authentication, file systems, POSIX compatible interfaces and much
+more.
+<P>
+So what are the basic facilities a microkernel provides?  In general,
+this is resource management and message passing.  Resource management,
+because the kernel task needs to run in a special privileged mode of
+the processor, to be able to manipulate the memory management unit and
+perform context switches (also to manage interrupts).  Message
+passing, because without a basic communication facility the other
+tasks could not interact to provide the system services. Some
+rudimentary hardware device support is often necessary to bootstrap
+the system.  So the basic jobs of a microkernel are enforcing the
+paging policy (the actual paging can be done by an external pager
+task), scheduling, message passing and probably basic hardware device
+support.
+<P>
+Mach was the obvious choice back then, as it provides a rich set of
+interfaces to get the job done.  Beside a rather brain-dead device
+interface, it provides tasks and threads, a messaging system allowing
+synchronous and asynchronous operation and a complex interface for
+external pagers.  It's certainly not one of the sexiest microkernels
+that exist today, but more like a big old mama.  The GNU project
+maintains its own version of Mach, called GNU&nbsp;Mach, which is based on
+Mach 4.0.  In addition to the features contained in Mach 4.0, the GNU
+version contains many of the Linux 2.0 block device and network card
+drivers.
+<P>
+A complete treatment of the differences between a microkernel and
+monolithical kernel design can not be provided here.  But a couple of
+advantages of a microkernel design are fairly obvious.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmic" NAME="mic">Micro vs Monolithic</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Microkernel
+<UL>
+  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities
+  <LI>Flexibility in operating system design, easier debugging</LI>
+  <LI>More stability (less code to break)</LI>
+  <LI>New features are not added to the kernel</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Monolithic kernel
+<UL>
+  <LI>Intolerance or creeping featuritis</LI>
+  <LI>Danger of spaghetti code</LI>
+  <LI>Small changes can have far reaching side effects</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Because the system is split up into several components, clean
+interfaces have to be developed, and the responsibilities of each part
+of the system must be clear.
+<P>
+Once a microkernel is written, it can be used as the base for several
+different operating systems.  Those can even run in parallel which
+makes debugging easier.  When porting, most of the hardware dependant
+code is in the kernel.
+<P>
+Much of the code that doesn't need to run in the special kernel mode
+of the processor is not part of the kernel, so stability increases
+because there is simply less code to break.
+<P>
+New features are not added to the kernel, so there is no need to hold
+the barrier high for new operating system features.
+<P>
+Compare this to a monolithical kernel, where you either suffer from
+creeping featuritis or you are intolerant of new features (we see both
+in the Linux kernel).
+<P>
+Because in a monolithical kernel, all parts of the kernel can access
+all data structures in other parts, it is more likely that short cuts
+are used to avoid the overhead of a clean interface.  This leads to a
+simple speed up of the kernel, but also makes it less comprehensible
+and more error prone.  A small change in one part of the kernel can
+break remote other parts.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCsin" NAME="sin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Single Server
+<UL>
+  <LI>A single task implements the functionality of the operating system.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Multi Server
+<UL>
+  <LI>Many tasks cooperate to provide the system's functionality.</LI>
+  <LI>One server provides only a small but well-defined part of the
+  whole system.</LI>
+  <LI>The responsibilities are distributed logically among the servers.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+A single-server system is comparable to a monolithic kernel system. It
+has similar
+advantages and disadvantages.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+There exist a couple of operating systems based on Mach, but they all
+have the same disadvantages as a monolithical kernel, because those
+operating systems are implemented in one single process running on top
+of the kernel.  This process provides all the services a monolithical
+kernel would provide.  This doesn't make a whole lot of sense (the
+only advantage is that you can probably run several of such isolated
+single servers on the same machine).  Those systems are also called
+single-server systems.  The Hurd is the only usable multi-server
+system on top of Mach.  In the Hurd, there are many server programs,
+each one responsible for a unique service provided by the operating
+system.  These servers run as Mach tasks, and communicate using the
+Mach message passing facilities.  One of them does only provide a
+small part of the functionality of the system, but together they build
+up a complete and functional POSIX compatible operating system.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmul" NAME="mul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Any multi-server has advantages over single-server:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities</LI>
+  <LI>More stability: If one server dies, all others remain</LI>
+  <LI>Easier development cycle: Testing without reboot (or replacing
+  running servers), debugging with gdb</LI>
+  <LI>Easier to make changes and add new features
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Using several servers has many advantages, if done right.  If a file
+system server for a mounted partition crashes, it doesn't take down
+the whole system.  Instead the partition is "unmounted", and
+you can try to start the server again, probably debugging it this time
+with gdb.  The system is less prone to errors in individual
+components, and over-all stability increases.  The functionality of
+the system can be extended by writing and starting new servers
+dynamically.  (Developing these new servers is easier for the reasons
+just mentioned.)
+<P>
+But even in a multi-server system the barrier between the system and
+the users remains, and special privileges are needed to cross it.  We
+have not achieved user freedom yet.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCthe" NAME="the">The Hurd even more so.</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The Hurd goes beyond all this, and allows users to write and run their
+servers, too!
+<UL>
+  <LI>Users can replace system servers dynamically with their own
+  implementations.</LI>
+  <LI>Users can decide what parts of the remainder of the system they
+  want to use.</LI>
+  <LI>Users can extend the functionality of the system.</LI>
+  <LI>No mutual trust necessary to make use of other users
+  services.</LI>
+  <LI>Security of the system is not harmed by trusting users
+  services.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+To quote Thomas Bushnell, BSG, from his paper
+[[``Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_design''_(1996)|hurd-paper]]:
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of system code
+as limited as possible.  Programs are required to communicate only
+with a few essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is
+replaceable dynamically.  Users can use whatever parts of the
+remainder of the system they want, and can easily add components
+themselves for other users to take advantage of.  No mutual trust need
+exist in advance for users to use each other's services, nor does the
+system become vulnerable by trusting the services of arbitrary users.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+<P>
+<EM>So the Hurd is a set of servers running on top of the Mach
+micro-kernel, providing a POSIX compatible and extensible operating
+system.  What servers are there?  What functionality do they provide,
+and how do they cooperate?</EM>
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmac" NAME="mac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Ports are message queues which can be used as one-way communication
+channels.
+<UL>
+  <LI>Port rights are receive, send or send-once</LI>
+  <LI>Exactly one receiver</LI>
+  <LI>Potentially many senders</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+MIG provides remote procedure calls on top of Mach IPC. RPCs look like
+function calls to the user.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Inter-process communication in Mach is based on the ports concept.  A
+port is a message queue, used as a one-way communication channel.  In
+addition to a port, you need a port right, which can be a send right,
+receive right, or send-once right.  Depending on the port right, you
+are allowed to send messages to the server, receive messages from it,
+or send just one single message.
+<P>
+For every port, there exists exactly one task holding the receive
+right, but there can be no or many senders.  The send-once right is
+useful for clients expecting a response message.  They can give a
+send-once right to the reply port along with the message.  The kernel
+guarantees that at some point, a message will be received on the reply
+port (this can be a notification that the server destroyed the
+send-once right).
+<P>
+You don't need to know much about the format a message takes to be
+able to use the Mach IPC.  The Mach interface generator mig hides the
+details of composing and sending a message, as well as receiving the
+reply message.  To the user, it just looks like a function call, but
+in truth the message could be sent over a network to a server running
+on a different computer.  The set of remote procedure calls a server
+provides is the public interface of this server.
+
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOChow" NAME="how">How to get a port?</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Traditional Mach:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Nameserver provides ports to all registered servers.</LI>
+  <LI>The nameserver port itself is provided by Mach.</LI>
+  <LI>Like a phone book: One list.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+The Hurd:
+<UL>
+  <LI>The filesystem is used as the server namespace.</LI>
+  <LI>Root directory port is inserted into each task.</LI>
+  <LI>The C library finds other ports with hurd_file_name_lookup,
+  performing a pathname resolution.</LI>
+  <LI>Like a tree of phone books.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+So how does one get a port to a server?  You need something like a
+phone book for server ports, or otherwise you can only talk to
+yourself.  In the original Mach system, a special nameserver is
+dedicated to that job.  A task could get a port to the nameserver from
+the Mach kernel and ask it for a port (with send right) to a server
+that registered itself with the nameserver at some earlier time.
+<P>
+In the Hurd, there is no nameserver.  Instead, the filesystem is used
+as the server namespace.  This works because there is always a root
+filesystem in the Hurd (remember that the Hurd is a POSIX compatible
+system); this is an assumption the people who developed Mach couldn't
+make, so they had to choose a different strategy.  You can use the
+function hurd_file_name_lookup, which is part of the C library, to get
+a port to the server belonging to a filename.  Then you can start to
+send messages to the server in the usual way.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCexa" NAME="exa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><PRE>
+mach_port_t identity;
+mach_port_t pwserver;
+kern_return_t err;
+
+pwserver = hurd_file_name_lookup
+                ("/servers/password");
+
+err = password_check_user (pwserver,
+                           0 /* root */, "supass",
+                           &identity);
+</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+As a concrete example, the special filename
+<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> can be used to request a port to the
+Hurd password server, which is responsible to check user provided
+passwords.
+<P>
+(explanation of the example)
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCpat" NAME="pat">Pathname resolution example</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Task: Lookup /mnt/readme.txt where /mnt has a mounted filesystem.
+<UL>
+  <LI>The C library asks the root filesystem server about
+  <SAMP>/mnt/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+  <LI>The root filesystem returns a port to the mnt filesystem server
+  (matching <SAMP>/mnt</SAMP>) and the retry name
+  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+  <LI>The C library asks the mnt filesystem server about
+  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+  <LI>The mnt filesystem server returns a port to itself and records
+  that this port refers to the regular file
+  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The C library itself does not have a full list of all available
+servers.  Instead pathname resolution is used to traverse through a
+tree of servers.  In fact, filesystems themselves are implemented by
+servers (let us ignore the chicken and egg problem here).  So all the
+C library can do is to ask the root filesystem server about the
+filename provided by the user (assuming that the user wants to resolve
+an absolute path), using the <SAMP>dir_lookup</SAMP> RPC.  If the
+filename refers to a regular file or directory on the filesystem, the
+root filesystem server just returns a port to itself and records that
+this port corresponds to the file or directory in question.  But if a
+prefix of the full path matches the path of a server the root
+filesystem knows about, it returns to the C library a port to this
+server and the remaining part of the pathname that couldn't be
+resolved.  The C library than has to retry and query the other server
+about the remaining path component.  Eventually, the C library will
+either know that the remaining path can't be resolved by the last
+server in the list, or get a valid port to the server in question.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmap" NAME="map">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="10">
+<TR>
+<TH>Filedescriptor</TH>
+<TH>Port to server providing the file</TH>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fd = open(name,...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP"
+ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>dir_lookup(..,name,..,&amp;port)</SAMP><BR>
+[pathname resolution]</TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>read(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_read(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>write(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_write(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fstat(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_stat(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">...</TD><TD></TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+It should by now be obvious that the port returned by the server can
+be used to query the files status, content and other information from
+the server, if good remote procedure calls to do that are defined and
+implemented by it.  This is exactly what happens.  Whenever a file is
+opened using the C libraries <SAMP>open()</SAMP> call, the C library
+uses the above pathname resolution to get a port to a server providing
+the file.  Then it wraps a file descriptor around it.  So in the Hurd,
+for every open file descriptor there is a port to a server providing
+this file.  Many other C library calls like <SAMP>read()</SAMP> and
+<SAMP>write()</SAMP> just call a corresponding RPC using the port
+associated with the file descriptor.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilser" NAME="filser">File System Servers</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>Provide file and directory services for ports (and more).</LI>
+  <LI>These ports are returned by a directory lookup.</LI>
+  <LI>Translate filesystem accesses through their root path (hence the
+  name translator).</LI>
+  <LI>The C library maps the POSIX file and directory interface (and
+  more) to RPCs to the filesystem servers ports, but also does work on
+  its own.</LI>
+  <LI>Any user can install file system servers on inodes they own.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+So we don't have a single phone book listing all servers, but rather a
+tree of servers keeping track of each other.  That's really like
+calling your friend and asking for the phone number of the blond girl
+at the party yesterday.  He might refer you to a friend who hopefully
+knows more about it. Then you have to retry.
+<P>
+This mechanism has huge advantages over a single nameserver.  First,
+note that standard unix permissions on directories can be used to
+restrict access to a server (this requires that the filesystems
+providing those directories behave).  You just have to set the
+permissions of a parent directory accordingly and provide no other way
+to get a server port.
+<P>
+But there are much deeper implications.  Most of all, a pathname never
+directly refers to a file, it refers to a port of a server.  That
+means that providing a regular file with static data is just one of
+the many options the server has to service requests on the file port.
+A server can also create the data dynamically.  For example, a server
+associated with <SAMP>/dev/random</SAMP> can provide new random data
+on every <SAMP>io_read()</SAMP> on the port to it.  A server
+associated with <SAMP>/dev/fortune</SAMP> can provide a new fortune
+cookie on every <SAMP>open()</SAMP>.
+<P>
+While a regular filesystem server will just serve the data as stored
+in a filesystem on disk, there are servers providing purely virtual
+information, or a mixture of both.  It is up to the server to behave
+and provide consistent and useful data on each remote procedure call.
+If it does not, the results may not match the expectations of the user
+and confuse him.
+<P>
+A footnote from the Hurd info manual:
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+(1) You are lost in a maze of twisty little filesystems, all
+alike....
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+Because a server installed in the filesystem namespace translates all
+filesystem operations that go through its root path, such a server is
+also called "active translator".  You can install translators using
+the settrans command with the <SAMP>-a</SAMP> option.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCact" NAME="act">Active vs Passive</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Active Translators:
+<UL>
+  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans -a /cdrom /hurd/isofs /dev/hd2</SAMP>"</LI>
+  <LI>Are running filesystem servers.</LI>
+  <LI>Are attached to the root node they translate.</LI>
+  <LI>Run as a normal process.</LI>
+  <LI>Go away with every reboot, or even time out.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Many translator settings remain constant for a long time.  It would be
+very lame to always repeat the same couple of dozens settrans calls
+manually or at boot time.  So the Hurd provides a filesystem extension
+that allows to store translator settings inside the filesystem and let
+the filesystem servers do the work to start those servers on demand.
+Such translator settings are called "passive translators".  A passive
+translator is really just a command line string stored in an inode of
+the filesystem.  If during a pathname resolution a server encounters
+such a passive translator, and no active translator does exist already
+(for this node), it will use this string to start up a new translator
+for this inode, and then let the C library continue with the path
+resolution as described above.  Passive translators are installed with
+settrans using the <SAMP>-p</SAMP> option (which is already the
+default).
+
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Passive Translators:
+<UL>
+  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd1s1</SAMP>"</LI>
+  <LI>Are stored as command strings into an inode.</LI>
+  <LI>Are used to start a new active translator if there isn't
+  one.</LI>
+  <LI>Startup is transparent to the user.</LI>
+  <LI>Startup happens the first time the server is needed.</LI>
+  <LI>Are permanent across reboots (like file data).</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+So passive translators also serve as a sort of automounting feature,
+because no manual interaction is required.  The server start up is
+deferred until the service is need, and it is transparent to the user.
+<P>
+When starting up a passive translator, it will run as a normal process
+with the same user and group id as those of the underlying inode.  Any
+user is allowed to install passive and active translators on inodes
+that he owns.  This way the user can install new servers into the
+global namespace (for example, in his home or tmp directory) and thus
+extend the functionality of the system (recall that servers can
+implement other remote procedure calls beside those used for files and
+directories).  A careful design of the trusted system servers makes
+sure that no permissions leak out.
+<P>
+In addition, users can provide their own implementations of some of
+the system servers instead the system default.  For example, they can
+use their own exec server to start processes.  The user specific exec
+server could for example start java programs transparently (without
+invoking the interpreter manually).  This is done by setting the
+environment variable <SAMP>EXECSERVERS</SAMP>.  The systems default
+exec server will evaluate this environment variable and forward the
+RPC to each of the servers listed in turn, until some server accepts
+it and takes over.  The system default exec server will only do this
+if there are no security implications.  (XXX There are other ways to
+start new programs than by using the system exec server.  Those are
+still available.)
+<P>
+Let's take a closer look at some of the Hurd servers.  It was already
+mentioned that only few system servers are mandatory for users.  To
+establish your identity within the Hurd system, you have to
+communicate with the trusted systems authentication server
+<SAMP>auth</SAMP>.  To put the system administrator into control over
+the system components, the process server does some global
+bookkeeping.
+<P>
+But even these servers can be ignored.  However, registration with the
+authentication server is the only way to establish your identity
+towards other system servers.  Likewise, only tasks registered as
+processes with the process server can make use of its services.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCaut" NAME="aut">Authentication</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+A user identity is just a port to an authserver. The auth server
+stores four set of ids for it:
+<UL>
+  <LI>effective user ids</LI>
+  <LI>effective group ids</LI>
+  <LI>available user ids</LI>
+  <LI>available group ids</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Basic properties:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Any of these can be empty.</LI>
+  <LI>A 0 among the user ids identifies the superuser.</LI>
+  <LI>Effective ids are used to check if the user has the
+  permission.</LI>
+  <LI>Available ids can be turned into effective ids on user
+  request.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The Hurd auth server is used to establish the identity of a user for a
+server.  Such an identity (which is just a port to the auth server)
+consists of a set of effective user ids, a set of effective group ids,
+a set of available user ids and a set of available group ids.  Any of
+these sets can be empty.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCope" NAME="ope">Operations on authentication ports</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The auth server provides the following operations on ports:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Merge the ids of two ports into a new one.</LI>
+  <LI>Return a new port containing a subset of the ids in a port.</LI>
+  <LI>Create a new port with arbitrary ids (superuser only).</LI>
+  <LI>Establish a trusted connection between users and servers.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+If you have two identities, you can merge them and request an identity
+consisting of the unions of the sets from the auth server.  You can
+also create a new identity consisting only of subsets of an identity
+you already have.  What you can't do is extending your sets, unless
+you are the superuser which is denoted by having the user id 0.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCest" NAME="est">Establishing trusted connections</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>User provides a rendezvous port to the server (with
+  <SAMP>io_reauthenticate</SAMP>).</LI>
+  <LI>User calls <SAMP>auth_user_authenticate</SAMP> on the
+  authentication port (his identity), passing the rendezvous port.</LI>
+  <LI>Server calls <SAMP>auth_server_authenticate</SAMP> on its
+  authentication port (to a trusted auth server), passing the
+  rendezvous port and the server port.</LI> 
+  <LI>If both authentication servers are the same, it can match the
+  rendezvous ports and return the server port to the user and the user
+  ids to the server.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Finally, the auth server can establish the identity of a user for a
+server.  This is done by exchanging a server port and a user identity
+if both match the same rendezvous port.  The server port will be
+returned to the user, while the server is informed about the id sets
+of the user.  The server can then serve or reject subsequent RPCs by
+the user on the server port, based on the identity it received from
+the auth server.
+<P>
+Anyone can write a server conforming to the auth protocol, but of
+course all system servers use a trusted system auth server to
+establish the identity of a user.  If the user is not using the system
+auth server, matching the rendezvous port will fail and no server port
+will be returned to the user.  Because this practically requires all
+programs to use the same auth server, the system auth server is
+minimal in every respect, and additional functionality is moved
+elsewhere, so user freedom is not unnecessarily restricted.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCpas" NAME="pas">Password Server</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The password server <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> runs as root and
+returns a new authentication port in exchange for a unix password.
+<P>
+The ids corresponding to the authentication port match the unix user
+and group ids.
+<P>
+Support for shadow passwords is implemented here.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The password server sits at <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> and runs as
+root.  It can hand out ports to the auth server in exchange for a unix
+password, matching it against the password or shadow file.  Several
+utilities make use of this server, so they don't need to be setuid
+root.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCpro" NAME="pro">Process Server</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The superuser must remain control over user tasks, so:
+<UL>
+  <LI>All mach tasks are associated with a PID in the system default
+  proc server.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Optionally, user tasks can store:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Their environment variables.</LI>
+  <LI>Their argument vector.</LI>
+  <LI>A port, which others can request based on the PID (like a
+  nameserver).</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Also implemented in the proc server:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Sessions and process groups.</LI>
+  <LI>Global configuration not in Mach, like hostname, hostid, system
+  version.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The process server is responsible for some global bookkeeping.  As
+such it has to be trusted and is not replaceable by the user.
+However, a user is not required to use any of its service.  In that
+case the user will not be able to take advantage of the POSIXish
+appearance of the Hurd.
+<P>
+The Mach Tasks are not as heavy as POSIX processes.  For example,
+there is no concept of process groups or sessions in Mach.  The proc
+server fills in the gap.  It provides a PID for all Mach tasks, and
+also stores the argument line, environment variables and other
+information about a process (if the mach tasks provide them, which is
+usually the case if you start a process with the default
+<SAMP>fork()</SAMP>/<SAMP>exec()</SAMP>).  A process can also register
+a message port with the proc server, which can then be requested by
+anyone.  So the proc server also functions as a nameserver using the
+process id as the name.
+<P>
+The proc server also stores some other miscellaneous information not
+provided by Mach, like the hostname, hostid and system version.
+Finally, it provides facilities to group processes and their ports
+together, as well as to convert between pids, process server ports and
+mach task ports.
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+User tasks not registering themselve with proc only have a PID assigned.
+<P>
+Users can run their own proc server in addition to the system default,
+at least for those parts of the interface that don't require superuser
+privileges.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Although the system default proc server can't be avoided (all Mach
+tasks spawned by users will get a pid assigned, so the system
+administrator can control them), users can run their own additional
+process servers if they want, implementing the features not requiring
+superuser privileges.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilsys" NAME="filsys">Filesystems</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Store based filesystems
+<UL>
+  <LI><SAMP>ext2fs</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>ufs</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>isofs</SAMP> (iso9660, RockRidge, GNU extensions)</LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>fatfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Network file systems
+<UL>
+  <LI><SAMP>nfs</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>ftpfs</SAMP></LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Miscellaneous
+<UL>
+  <LI><SAMP>hostmux</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>usermux</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>tmpfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+We already talked about translators and the file system service they
+provide.  Currently, we have translators for the ext2, ufs and iso9660
+filesystems.  We also have an nfs client and an ftp filesystem.
+Especially the latter is intriguing, as it provides transparent access
+to ftp servers in the filesystem.  Programs can start to move away
+from implementing a plethora of network protocols, as the files are
+directly available in the filesystem through the standard POSIX file
+interface.
+
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCdev" NAME="dev">Developing the Hurd</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Over a dozen libraries support the development of new servers.
+<P>
+For special server types highly specialized
+libraries require only the implementation of a
+number of callback functions.
+<UL>
+  <LI>Use <SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> for store based filesystems.</LI>
+  <LI>Use <SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> for network filesystems, also for
+  virtual filesystems.</LI>
+  <LI>Use <SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> for simple filesystems providing only
+  a single file or directory.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The Hurd server protocols are complex enough to allow for the
+implementation of a POSIX compatible system with GNU extensions.
+However, a lot of code can be shared by all or at least similar
+servers. For example, all storage based filesystems need to be able to
+read and write to a store medium splitted in blocks. The Hurd comes
+with several libraries which make it easy to implement new servers.
+Also, there are already a lot of examples of different server types in
+the Hurd.  This makes writing a new server easier.
+<P>
+<SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> is a library that supports writing store based
+filesystems like ext2fs or ufs. It is not very useful for filesystems
+which are purely virtual, like <SAMP>/proc</SAMP> or files in
+<SAMP>/dev</SAMP>.
+<P>
+<SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which provide a rich
+directory hierarchy, but don't use a backing store (for example ftpfs,
+nfs).
+<P>
+<SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which just provide
+a single inode or directory. Most servers which are not intended to
+provide a filesystem but other services (like
+<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP>) use it to provide a dummy file, so
+that file operations on the servers node will not return errors. But
+it can also be used to provide meaningful data in a single file, like
+a device store or a character device.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCsto" NAME="sto">Store Abstraction</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Another very useful library is libstore, which is used by all store
+based filesystems.  It provides a store media abstraction.  A store
+consists of a store class and a name (which itself can sometimes
+contain stores).
+<P>
+Primitive store classes:
+<UL>
+  <LI>device store like device:hd2, device:hd0s1, device:fd0</LI>
+  <LI>file store like file:/tmp/disk_image</LI>
+  <LI>task store like task:PID</LI>
+  <LI>zero store like zero:4m (like /dev/zero, of size 4 MB)</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Composed store classes:
+<UL>
+  <LI>copy store like copy:zero:4m</LI>
+  <LI>gunzip/bunzip2 store like gunzip:device:fd0</LI>
+  <LI>concat store like concat:device:hd0s2:device:hd1s5</LI>
+  <LI>ileave store (RAID-0(2))</LI>
+  <LI>remap store like remap:10+20,50+:file:/tmp/blocks</LI>
+  <LI>...</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Wanted: A similar abstraction for streams (based on channels), which
+can be used by network and character device servers.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+<SAMP>libstore</SAMP> provides a store abstraction, which is used by
+all store based filesystems. The store is determined by a type and a
+name, but some store types modify another store rather than providing
+a new store, and thus stores can be stacked. For example, the device
+store type expects a Mach device, but the remap store expects a list
+of blocks to pick from another store, like remap:1+:device:hd2, which
+would pick all blocks from hd2 but the first one, which skipped.
+Because this functionality is provided in a library, all libstore
+using filesystems support many different store kinds, and adding a new
+store type is enough to make all store based filesystems support it.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCdeb" NAME="deb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Goal:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Provide a binary distribution of the Hurd that is easy to
+  install.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Constraints:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Use the same source packages as Debian GNU/Linux.</LI>
+  <LI>Use the same infrastructure:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>Policy</LI>
+    <LI>Archive</LI>
+    <LI>Bug tracking system</LI>
+    <LI>Release process</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Side Goal:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Prepare Debian for the future:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>More flexibility in the base system</LI>
+    <LI>Identify dependencies on the Linux kernel</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The Debian distribution of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd that I started in 1998 is
+supposed to become a complete binary distribution of the Hurd that is
+easy to install.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCstabin" NAME="stabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A></H4>
+<P>
+See
+<A HREF="http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png">http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png</A>
+for the most current version of the statistic.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCstainf" NAME="stainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Plus:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Source packages can identify build and host OS using
+  dpkg-architecture.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Minus:
+<UL>
+  <LI>The binary architecture field is insufficient.</LI>
+  <LI>The BTS has no architecture tag.</LI>
+  <LI>The policy/FHS need (small) Hurd specific extensions.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+While good compatibiity can be achieved at the source level,
+the binary packages can not always express their relationship
+to the available architectures sufficiently.
+<P>
+For example, the Linux version of makedev is binary-all, where
+a binary-all-linux relationship would be more appropriate.
+<P>
+More work has to be done here to fix the tools.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCstaarc" NAME="staarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>Most packages just work.</LI>
+  <LI>Maintainers are usually responsive and cooperative.</LI>
+  <LI>Turtle, the autobuilder, crunches through the whole list right
+  now.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Common pitfalls are POSIX incompatibilities:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Upstream:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>Unconditional use of <SAMP>PATH_MAX</SAMP>
+    (<SAMP>MAXPATHLEN</SAMP>), <SAMP>MAXHOSTNAMELEN</SAMP>.</LI>
+    <LI>Unguarded use of Linux kernel features.</LI>
+    <LI>Use of legacy interfaces (<SAMP>sys_errlist</SAMP>,
+    <SAMP>termio</SAMP>).</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+  <LI>Debian:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>Unguarded activation of extensions available with Linux.</LI>
+    <LI>Low quality patches.</LI>
+    <LI>Assuming GNU/Linux in package scripts.</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Most packages are POSIX compatible and can be compiled without
+changes on the Hurd.  The maintainers of the Debian source packages
+are usually very kind, responsiver and helpful.
+<P>
+The Turtle autobuilder software (<A
+HREF="http://turtle.sourceforge.net" >http://turtle.sourceforge.net</A>)
+builds the Debian packages on the Hurd automatically.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCdebide" NAME="debide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Upstream benefits:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Software packages become more portable.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Debian benefits:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Debian becomes more portable.</LI>
+  <LI>Maintainers learn about portability and other systems.</LI>
+  <LI>Debian gets a lot of public recognition.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+GNU/Hurd benefits:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Large software base.</LI>
+  <LI>Great infrastructure.</LI>
+  <LI>Nice community to partner with.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The sheet lists the advantages of all groups involved.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCend" NAME="end">End</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Join us at
+<UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="http://hurd.gnu.org/" >http://hurd.gnu.org/</A></LI>
+  <LI><A HREF="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd"
+  >http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd</A></LI>
+  <LI><A HREF="http://www.hurdfr.org"
+  >http://www.hurdfr.org</A></LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+List of contacts.
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index 0cb96f32..2ef08f8a 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the [Hurd Hacking Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html)
-contains an overview of some of the Hurd's features. 
-Also contains a tutorial on writing your own [[translator]].
+Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the *Hurd Hacking Guide* contains an
+introduction to GNU Hurd and GNU Mach programming, an overview of some of the
+Hurd's features.  It also contains a tutorial on writing your own
+[[translator]].
+
+  * [HTML version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html) for
+    browsing online,
+  * [PostScript version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.ps)
+    [187kB, 37 pages],
+  * [ASCII text
+    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.txt) [59kB],
+  * [Texinfo source](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.texi)
+    [60kB].
diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
index 3240a41d..e0f4bf60 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[NealWalfield]] and [[MarcusBrinkmann]] wrote a paper titled [*Improving
-Usability via Access Decomposition and Policy
-Refinement*](http://walfield.org/papers/20070104-walfield-access-decomposition-policy-refinement.pdf).
-This is sometimes referred to as *the position paper*.
+Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann wrote a paper titled [*Improving Usability
+via Access Decomposition and Policy
+Refinement*](http://walfield.org/papers/20070104-walfield-access-decomposition-policy-refinement.pdf)
+where they give an overview about how a future, subsequent system may be
+architected.  This is sometimes referred to as *the position paper*.
diff --git a/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn b/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b5bff2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+*The GNU Hurd Reference Manual* documents the architecture, the usage and the
+programming of the GNU Hurd.  At the moment, the manual is quite incomplete.
+
+  * [HTML version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/doc/hurd_toc.html) for
+    browsing online,
+  * [PostScript version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/doc/hurd.ps)
+    [1020KiB, 91 pages].
diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index fc42e862..b0a6badd 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 
 * GNU [Coding Standards](http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards.html)
 * [[TestSuites]] - Posix, Perl, results feedback, etc.
-* [docs and papers](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html)
+* [[Documentation]]
 * [[SystemAPILimits]]
 * [[CodeAnnouncements]] - Recent coding projects related to the Hurd
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 009b26bf..440f1122 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ OK. I will give you steps.
 
 i. Install a GNU System by folowing [[these_instructions|setup]]
 
-ii. Read about GNU Design <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html>
+ii. Read about GNU Design: [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|documentation/hurd-paper]]
 
 iii. Read about translators <http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator>
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index b9952931..889f02a6 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 
 # Existing Translators
 
+* [[auth]]
 * [[pfinet]]
 * [[pflocal]]
 * [[hostmux]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn b/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73e7e025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[*The_Authentication_Server*|documentation/auth]], the transcript of a talk
+about the details of the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang
+Jährling.
diff --git a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
index da690425..68ed332c 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ use, but now, because the server runs in user space as the user that started
 it, they may, for instance, mount an FTP filesystem in their home directory.
 
 For more information about the design of the Hurd, read the paper by Thomas
-Bushnell, BSG: [Towards a new strategy on OS
-design](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html).
+Bushnell, BSG:
+[[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|hurd/documentation/hurd-paper]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index fe870386..f6f2eb79 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -11,12 +12,27 @@ is included in the section entitled
   - [Meet Mach](http://www.stepwise.com/Articles/Technical/MeetMach.html), a
     summary of Mach's history and main concepts.
 
+  * *[[The_GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnu_mach/reference_manual]]*.
+
   - OSF's [Kernel Interface (ps)](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_interface.ps)
     [Kernel Interface (pdf)](http://shakthimaan.com/downloads/hurd/kernel_interface.pdf) 
 
   - OSF's [Kernel Principles (ps)](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_principles.ps) 
     [Kernel Principles (pdf)](http://shakthimaan.com/downloads/hurd/kernel_principles.pdf)
 
+  * [*The Unofficial GNU Mach IPC beginner's
+    guide*](http://hurdextras.nongnu.org/ipc_guide/), an easy introduction to
+    Inter Process Comunication in the Mach microkernel by Manuel Pavón
+    Valderrama.
+
+  * [*Mach IPC without
+    MIG*](http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/mach-ipc-without-mig.txt),
+    an exercise by Neal Walfield *to understand Mach IPC at one of its lowest
+    application levels*.
+    
+      * [*ipc-hello.c*](http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/ipc-hello.c):
+        *Hello world à la mach ipc*.
+
   - [Porting and Modifying the Mach 3.0 Microkernel](http://shakthimaan.com/downloads/hurd/Porting%20and%20Modifying%20the%20Mach%203.0%20Microkernel.pdf)
 
   - [An IO System for Mach](http://shakthimaan.com/downloads/hurd/An%20IO%20System%20for%20Mach.pdf)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
index cdb43a6f..19e1ea53 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ GNU/Hurd.
 
 # Development
 
+  * [[Reference_Manual]]
   * [[Building]]
   * [[Debugging]]
   * [[Boot_Trace]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..225ab176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+*The GNU Mach Reference Manual* documents the architecture, the usage and the
+programming of the GNU Mach microkernel.  At the moment, the manual documents
+the interface completely, but is not very useful as a tutorial or introduction
+into the Mach architecture.
+
+  * [HTML version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/index.html)
+    for browsing online,
+  * [PostScript
+    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps) [around
+    900KiB],
+  * [gzipped PostScript
+    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps.gz)
+    [around 300KiB],
+  * [PDF version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.pdf)
+    [around 700KiB].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
index 8c977e55..a0bbbe14 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ pp. 67--77."
 
 # Further Relevant Documentation
 
-  * The [GNU Mach Reference
-    Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html#manuals), espacially
+  * The [[GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnu_mach/reference_manual]], espacially
     [Chapter 4, Inter Process
     Communication](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Inter-Process-Communication.html),
     which, for example, explains how the <a name="dealloc">`dealloc` flag</a>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 13433b83cb123607b1eaf7d09f85566f24cea029 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 11:43:27 +0100
Subject: old_hurd_faq.html -> hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt

---
 hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt | 289 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 old_hurd_faq.html         | 306 ----------------------------------------------
 2 files changed, 289 insertions(+), 306 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
 delete mode 100644 old_hurd_faq.html

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt b/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a94a28f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+The Unofficial (and no longer maintained) GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ, Version 0.13
+
+Contributions by:
+
+Michael I. Bushnell <mib@gnu.org>
+Len Tower <tower@gnu.org>
+Trent Fisher <trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu>
+jlr@usoft.spb.su
+Remy Card <Remy.Card@masi.ibp.fr>
+Louis-Dominique Dubeau <hallu@info.polymtl.ca>
+
+Original Document by: Derek Upham <upham@cs.ubc.ca>
+
+
+==============================
+
+Contents:
+
+Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
+Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
+Q3.  Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
+Q4.  What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
+Q5.  Where can I find more information?
+Q6.  What's a proper machine?
+Q7.  What sort of machines will run Hurd in the future?
+Q8.  What is the current development status?
+Q9.  What sort of system would we have if the Hurd was bootable today?
+
+==============================
+
+Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
+
+The Unofficial Hurd FAQ (what you are reading now) is occasionally
+posted to the USENET newsgroup, gnu.misc.discuss.  It is also
+available from
+
+   http://www.enci.ucalgary.ca/~gord/hurd/hurd-faq.txt
+
+If you don't have WWW access, you may send mail to me, Gordon
+Matzigkeit <gord@enci.ucalgary.ca> with a subject line that reads:
+
+   Subject: send hurd-faq
+
+You should receive a PGP-signed copy of the current version of this
+document in a matter of minutes.
+
+
+Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
+
+To put it simply, you can't.  It is still under development (by
+Michael Bushnell, Roland McGrath and Miles Bader).  It is almost, but
+not quite, at the point where you can do real work on it.  Keep your
+fingers crossed.
+
+Some people have actually bootstrapped it, but the work is not easy,
+and the current snapshot won't work until a new multiserver boot
+mechanism is made.
+
+If you *really* want to try it, beware that it is still pre-alpha
+code, and that it will likely crash on you.  See Trent Fisher's Hurd
+pages (under question 5) for the latest information.
+
+
+Q3.  Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
+
+For one thing, Linux and BSD don't scale well.  Hardware designers are
+shifting more and more toward multiprocessor machines for performance,
+and standard Unix kernels do not provide much multiprocessor support.
+The Hurd, on the other hand, runs on top of the Mach 3.0 micro-kernel
+[[1]] from CMU.  Mach was designed precisely for multiprocessing
+machines, so its portability should carry over nicely to the Hurd.
+
+In addition, the Hurd will be considerably more flexible and robust
+than generic Unix.  Wherever possible, Unix kernel features have been
+moved into unprivileged space.  Once there, anyone who desires can
+develop custom replacements for them.  Users will be able to write and
+use their own file systems, their own `exec' servers, or their own
+network protocols if they like, all without disturbing other users.
+
+The Linux kernel has now been modified to allow user-level file
+systems, so there is proof that people will actually use features such
+as these.  It will be much easier to do under the Hurd, however,
+because the Hurd is almost entirely run in user space and because the
+various servers are designed for this sort of modification.
+
+
+Q4.  What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
+
+As mentioned above, Mach is a micro-kernel, written at Carnegie Mellon
+University.  A more descriptive term might be a greatest-common-factor
+kernel, since it provides facilities common to all ``real'' operating
+systems, such as memory management, interprocess communication,
+processes, and a bunch of other stuff.  Unfortunately, the system
+calls used to access these facilities are only vaguely related to the
+familiar and cherished Unix system calls.  There are no "fork",
+"wait", or "sleep" system-calls, no SIGHUPs, nothing like that.  All
+this makes it rather difficult to, say, port GNU Emacs to a Mach box.
+
+The trick is, of course, to write an emulation library.  Unix programs
+can then use (what they think are) POSIX system calls and facilities
+while they are really using Mach system calls and facilities.
+
+The simplest way of going about this is to take an ordinary Unix
+kernel, open it up, and rip out all the machine-specific guts; any
+time the Unix kernel talks to the machine, replace the code with calls
+to the Mach micro-kernel.  Run this fake kernel on a Mach machine and
+you end up with something that looks and acts just like Unix (even to
+GNU Emacs).  Note that the Unix kernel we have implemented is just one
+Really Big Mach program (called a single-server).
+
+The Hurd, on the other hand, breaks the giant Unix kernel down into
+various Mach programs running as daemons.  Working in concert with
+facilities placed in the C library, these daemons provide all of the
+POSIX system-calls and features; from the outside they look just like
+a standard Unix kernel.  This means that, for practical purposes,
+anything that you can port to Linux will also port to the Hurd.
+
+Of course, if a user wishes to run his own daemons, he can do that as
+well....
+
+Mach 4.0 is an enhanced version of Mach 3.0, put out by the people at
+the University of Utah.  They are working on another free operating
+system, and part of it includes an enhanced, more flexible version of
+Mach.  The Hurd has moved to Mach 4.0, which is good, because it is a
+lot easier to build than 3.0 was.
+
+You can find more information on Mach by browsing the Hurd pages given
+in the next answer, or by looking at the Project Mach and Flux
+homepages at:
+
+Carnegie Mellon University (for Mach versions before 4.0):
+
+   http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/mach/public/www/mach.html
+
+the University of Utah (for Mach 4.0):
+
+   http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/flux/mach4/html/
+
+
+Q5.  Where can I find more information?
+
+The June 1995 GNU's Bulletin contains the following official
+information:
+
+   The GNU&nbsp;Hurd now runs programs native.  We have implemented both
+   shared libraries using ELF, & the popular `ext2' file system used
+   by Linux.  It can run GCC, `make', Emacs, & most other GNU
+   utilities.  Progress is being made so rapidly that by the time you
+   read this it probably does much more.  It is right on the verge of
+   being self-hosting (able to run on its own well enough to compile
+   its own source code, & be used for its own development).  We have
+   much better device supportm [sic] & some new utilities, including a
+   fancy `ps' & `settrans'.  For a complete system we still have much
+   more work to do, but we will make an alpha release as soon as the
+   network software is finished & shared libraries have been well
+   tested.  We have a mailing list to announce progress; to be added
+   to it, ask `hurd-announce-request@gnu.org'.
+
+The Portland State University CS department (via Trent Fisher)
+maintains a WWW server with various Hurd documents, including Michael
+Bushnell's Hurd paper, all the collected GNU's Bulletins, and various
+announcements posted to "gnu.misc.discuss".  The top-level GNU page is
+
+   http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html
+
+and the Hurd page is
+
+   http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/hurd/hurd.html
+
+People in Europe might want to try the GNU WWW server for DESY
+Germany, first:
+
+   http://info.desy.de/gnu/www
+
+This site lacks culled, Hurd-specific information at the moment, but
+it does have the last two GNU's Bulletins plus lots of general
+information.
+
+There is a snapshot of the Hurd development tree on
+"alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu" in the "/gnu" directory.  It is updated as
+significant changes are made, and not guaranteed to run.
+
+You can subscribe to the Hurd announcement list by sending a request
+to "hurd-announce-request@gnu.org".  This is a moderated list
+for distributing Hurd info to ``all and sundry'', and anyone can join.
+In addition, there is a private (invitation-only) list for developers
+to coordinate their efforts.  It's not even worth thinking about
+unless you (a) have a lot of free time on your hands, (b) know Unix
+internals and Mach very well, and (c) have a proper machine.
+
+
+Q6.  What's a proper machine?
+
+A ``proper machine'', at the moment, means an x86 box running Mach 3.0
+(or 4.0), with FreeBSD 2.x, NetBSD 1.x, or Linux.
+
+A single-server OS is no longer required for development because by
+the time the Hurd bootstrap mechanism is finished, the Hurd will
+probably be self-hosting.
+
+Linux, FreeBSD, or NetBSD will only be required to splat the Hurd
+binaries onto a partition of some sort, and to provide a way of
+transferring files to the Hurd until the networking code is ready.
+
+
+Q7.  What sort of machines will run Hurd in the future?
+
+The first thing a prospective Hurd machine needs is a Mach 3.0 port.
+According to the most recent "comp.os.mach" FAQ (which hasn't been
+updated since February 1994), the following chips have redistributable
+Mach micro-kernels and device drivers:
+
+    Intel 80x86         (ISA and PS/2 buses)
+    Motorola 68000      (Sun 3)
+    Motorola 88000      (Omron Luna)
+    DEC Vax
+    DEC Pmax            (DECstation 3100)
+    DEC Alpha
+    MIPS R4000          (DECstation 5000 et al.)
+    IBM RS/6000
+    Apple Macintosh
+
+IBM is planning to run WorkplaceOS (the OS/2 successor) over Mach 3.0
+on the PowerPC chip (closely related to the RS/6000), so the PowerPC
+will likely be added to this list soon.  The University of Utah has
+ported Mach 4.0 to the HP700, but it is not yet stable.
+
+Sun Sparc machines have a redistributable Mach microkernel, but the
+device drivers require a SunOS 4.1.1 source license.
+
+In addition, any prospective Hurd machine needs a port of the GNU C
+library.  Version 1.07.4 of the library can handle the following
+chips:
+
+    Intel 80x86         (BSD, Dynix, Hurd, SCO, SysV)
+    Motorola 68000      (HP BSD, NEWS, Sun 4)
+    MIPS R4000          (Ultrix)
+    Sun Sparc           (Solaris 2, Sun 4)
+    DEC Alpha           (OSF/1, mostly finished)
+
+So if the next Hurd snapshot is self-hosting, we will be able to run
+it (in theory) on Intel 80x86s, Motorola 68000s, MIPS R4000s and DEC
+Alphas.
+
+People who can port the Mach micro-kernel to new architectures are
+encouraged to do so.  People who can port the GNU C library to new
+chips (a much larger group) are also encouraged to do so.  You can
+help out here without knowing anything about Mach or having any
+special machine.  Note that once the GNU C library exists for a new
+chip, for _any_ OS, making a Hurd port later is simple (and making
+ports to other chips becomes easier as well---the effects are
+cumulative).
+
+By current indications, the other hardware requirements (RAM, disk
+space, and the like) will be about the same as those of BSD 4.4.
+
+
+Q8.  What is the current development status?
+
+Please see Trent Fisher's Hurd pages for details.
+
+
+Q9.  What sort of a system would we have if the Hurd was bootable
+today?
+
+Quite likely, if you already use an end-user system like Linux,
+FreeBSD, or NetBSD, you'll be disappointed with the Hurd.  It will
+take some time before the OS hackers really get to work on
+applications and major enhancements.
+
+But, rest assured, Hurd development should proceed very rapidly.
+
+Of course, if you think you can help, or you just enjoy neat stuff,
+then you'll probably like the Hurd.  When you actually understand a
+fraction of what's going on behind the scenes, it's very impressive.
+
+All I'm saying is that I'm not expecting all the Windows '95 users in
+the world to switch to the Hurd right away.  Wait a little while,
+maybe 5-6 years (ample time for GNUStep and Guile to be in use), and
+GNU users everywhere will be very happy that the FSF proceeded with
+the Hurd. :)
+
+
+==============================
+
+Footnotes:
+
+[[1]] Yes, I know that ``micro-kernel'' is about as apt a description
+as ``Reduced Instruction Set Chip'', but we're stuck with it.
diff --git a/old_hurd_faq.html b/old_hurd_faq.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 8162184d..00000000
--- a/old_hurd_faq.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,306 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-<head>
-<title>The Unofficial (and no longer maintained) GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ, Version 0.13 </title>
-</head>
-
-<body>
-<pre>The Unofficial (and no longer maintained) GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ, Version 0.13
-
-Contributions by:
-
-Michael I. Bushnell <mib@gnu.org>
-Len Tower <tower@gnu.org>
-Trent Fisher <trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu>
-jlr@usoft.spb.su
-Remy Card <Remy.Card@masi.ibp.fr>
-Louis-Dominique Dubeau <hallu@info.polymtl.ca>
-
-Original Document by: Derek Upham <upham@cs.ubc.ca>
-
-
-==============================
-
-Contents:
-
-Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
-Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
-Q3.  Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
-Q4.  What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
-Q5.  Where can I find more information?
-Q6.  What's a proper machine?
-Q7.  What sort of machines will run Hurd in the future?
-Q8.  What is the current development status?
-Q9.  What sort of system would we have if the Hurd was bootable today?
-
-==============================
-
-Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
-
-The Unofficial Hurd FAQ (what you are reading now) is occasionally
-posted to the USENET newsgroup, gnu.misc.discuss.  It is also
-available from
-
-   http://www.enci.ucalgary.ca/~gord/hurd/hurd-faq.txt
-
-If you don't have WWW access, you may send mail to me, Gordon
-Matzigkeit <gord@enci.ucalgary.ca> with a subject line that reads:
-
-   Subject: send hurd-faq
-
-You should receive a PGP-signed copy of the current version of this
-document in a matter of minutes.
-
-
-Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
-
-To put it simply, you can't.  It is still under development (by
-Michael Bushnell, Roland McGrath and Miles Bader).  It is almost, but
-not quite, at the point where you can do real work on it.  Keep your
-fingers crossed.
-
-Some people have actually bootstrapped it, but the work is not easy,
-and the current snapshot won't work until a new multiserver boot
-mechanism is made.
-
-If you *really* want to try it, beware that it is still pre-alpha
-code, and that it will likely crash on you.  See Trent Fisher's Hurd
-pages (under question 5) for the latest information.
-
-
-Q3.  Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
-
-For one thing, Linux and BSD don't scale well.  Hardware designers are
-shifting more and more toward multiprocessor machines for performance,
-and standard Unix kernels do not provide much multiprocessor support.
-The Hurd, on the other hand, runs on top of the Mach 3.0 micro-kernel
-[[1]] from CMU.  Mach was designed precisely for multiprocessing
-machines, so its portability should carry over nicely to the Hurd.
-
-In addition, the Hurd will be considerably more flexible and robust
-than generic Unix.  Wherever possible, Unix kernel features have been
-moved into unprivileged space.  Once there, anyone who desires can
-develop custom replacements for them.  Users will be able to write and
-use their own file systems, their own `exec' servers, or their own
-network protocols if they like, all without disturbing other users.
-
-The Linux kernel has now been modified to allow user-level file
-systems, so there is proof that people will actually use features such
-as these.  It will be much easier to do under the Hurd, however,
-because the Hurd is almost entirely run in user space and because the
-various servers are designed for this sort of modification.
-
-
-Q4.  What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
-
-As mentioned above, Mach is a micro-kernel, written at Carnegie Mellon
-University.  A more descriptive term might be a greatest-common-factor
-kernel, since it provides facilities common to all ``real'' operating
-systems, such as memory management, interprocess communication,
-processes, and a bunch of other stuff.  Unfortunately, the system
-calls used to access these facilities are only vaguely related to the
-familiar and cherished Unix system calls.  There are no "fork",
-"wait", or "sleep" system-calls, no SIGHUPs, nothing like that.  All
-this makes it rather difficult to, say, port GNU Emacs to a Mach box.
-
-The trick is, of course, to write an emulation library.  Unix programs
-can then use (what they think are) POSIX system calls and facilities
-while they are really using Mach system calls and facilities.
-
-The simplest way of going about this is to take an ordinary Unix
-kernel, open it up, and rip out all the machine-specific guts; any
-time the Unix kernel talks to the machine, replace the code with calls
-to the Mach micro-kernel.  Run this fake kernel on a Mach machine and
-you end up with something that looks and acts just like Unix (even to
-GNU Emacs).  Note that the Unix kernel we have implemented is just one
-Really Big Mach program (called a single-server).
-
-The Hurd, on the other hand, breaks the giant Unix kernel down into
-various Mach programs running as daemons.  Working in concert with
-facilities placed in the C library, these daemons provide all of the
-POSIX system-calls and features; from the outside they look just like
-a standard Unix kernel.  This means that, for practical purposes,
-anything that you can port to Linux will also port to the Hurd.
-
-Of course, if a user wishes to run his own daemons, he can do that as
-well....
-
-Mach 4.0 is an enhanced version of Mach 3.0, put out by the people at
-the University of Utah.  They are working on another free operating
-system, and part of it includes an enhanced, more flexible version of
-Mach.  The Hurd has moved to Mach 4.0, which is good, because it is a
-lot easier to build than 3.0 was.
-
-You can find more information on Mach by browsing the Hurd pages given
-in the next answer, or by looking at the Project Mach and Flux
-homepages at:
-
-Carnegie Mellon University (for Mach versions before 4.0):
-
-   http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/mach/public/www/mach.html
-
-the University of Utah (for Mach 4.0):
-
-   http://www.cs.utah.edu/projects/flux/mach4/html/
-
-
-Q5.  Where can I find more information?
-
-The June 1995 GNU's Bulletin contains the following official
-information:
-
-   The GNU&nbsp;Hurd now runs programs native.  We have implemented both
-   shared libraries using ELF, & the popular `ext2' file system used
-   by Linux.  It can run GCC, `make', Emacs, & most other GNU
-   utilities.  Progress is being made so rapidly that by the time you
-   read this it probably does much more.  It is right on the verge of
-   being self-hosting (able to run on its own well enough to compile
-   its own source code, & be used for its own development).  We have
-   much better device supportm [sic] & some new utilities, including a
-   fancy `ps' & `settrans'.  For a complete system we still have much
-   more work to do, but we will make an alpha release as soon as the
-   network software is finished & shared libraries have been well
-   tested.  We have a mailing list to announce progress; to be added
-   to it, ask `hurd-announce-request@gnu.org'.
-
-The Portland State University CS department (via Trent Fisher)
-maintains a WWW server with various Hurd documents, including Michael
-Bushnell's Hurd paper, all the collected GNU's Bulletins, and various
-announcements posted to "gnu.misc.discuss".  The top-level GNU page is
-
-   http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html
-
-and the Hurd page is
-
-   http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/hurd/hurd.html
-
-People in Europe might want to try the GNU WWW server for DESY
-Germany, first:
-
-   http://info.desy.de/gnu/www
-
-This site lacks culled, Hurd-specific information at the moment, but
-it does have the last two GNU's Bulletins plus lots of general
-information.
-
-There is a snapshot of the Hurd development tree on
-"alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu" in the "/gnu" directory.  It is updated as
-significant changes are made, and not guaranteed to run.
-
-You can subscribe to the Hurd announcement list by sending a request
-to "hurd-announce-request@gnu.org".  This is a moderated list
-for distributing Hurd info to ``all and sundry'', and anyone can join.
-In addition, there is a private (invitation-only) list for developers
-to coordinate their efforts.  It's not even worth thinking about
-unless you (a) have a lot of free time on your hands, (b) know Unix
-internals and Mach very well, and (c) have a proper machine.
-
-
-Q6.  What's a proper machine?
-
-A ``proper machine'', at the moment, means an x86 box running Mach 3.0
-(or 4.0), with FreeBSD 2.x, NetBSD 1.x, or Linux.
-
-A single-server OS is no longer required for development because by
-the time the Hurd bootstrap mechanism is finished, the Hurd will
-probably be self-hosting.
-
-Linux, FreeBSD, or NetBSD will only be required to splat the Hurd
-binaries onto a partition of some sort, and to provide a way of
-transferring files to the Hurd until the networking code is ready.
-
-
-Q7.  What sort of machines will run Hurd in the future?
-
-The first thing a prospective Hurd machine needs is a Mach 3.0 port.
-According to the most recent "comp.os.mach" FAQ (which hasn't been
-updated since February 1994), the following chips have redistributable
-Mach micro-kernels and device drivers:
-
-    Intel 80x86         (ISA and PS/2 buses)
-    Motorola 68000      (Sun 3)
-    Motorola 88000      (Omron Luna)
-    DEC Vax
-    DEC Pmax            (DECstation 3100)
-    DEC Alpha
-    MIPS R4000          (DECstation 5000 et al.)
-    IBM RS/6000
-    Apple Macintosh
-
-IBM is planning to run WorkplaceOS (the OS/2 successor) over Mach 3.0
-on the PowerPC chip (closely related to the RS/6000), so the PowerPC
-will likely be added to this list soon.  The University of Utah has
-ported Mach 4.0 to the HP700, but it is not yet stable.
-
-Sun Sparc machines have a redistributable Mach microkernel, but the
-device drivers require a SunOS 4.1.1 source license.
-
-In addition, any prospective Hurd machine needs a port of the GNU C
-library.  Version 1.07.4 of the library can handle the following
-chips:
-
-    Intel 80x86         (BSD, Dynix, Hurd, SCO, SysV)
-    Motorola 68000      (HP BSD, NEWS, Sun 4)
-    MIPS R4000          (Ultrix)
-    Sun Sparc           (Solaris 2, Sun 4)
-    DEC Alpha           (OSF/1, mostly finished)
-
-So if the next Hurd snapshot is self-hosting, we will be able to run
-it (in theory) on Intel 80x86s, Motorola 68000s, MIPS R4000s and DEC
-Alphas.
-
-People who can port the Mach micro-kernel to new architectures are
-encouraged to do so.  People who can port the GNU C library to new
-chips (a much larger group) are also encouraged to do so.  You can
-help out here without knowing anything about Mach or having any
-special machine.  Note that once the GNU C library exists for a new
-chip, for _any_ OS, making a Hurd port later is simple (and making
-ports to other chips becomes easier as well---the effects are
-cumulative).
-
-By current indications, the other hardware requirements (RAM, disk
-space, and the like) will be about the same as those of BSD 4.4.
-
-
-Q8.  What is the current development status?
-
-Please see Trent Fisher's Hurd pages for details.
-
-
-Q9.  What sort of a system would we have if the Hurd was bootable
-today?
-
-Quite likely, if you already use an end-user system like Linux,
-FreeBSD, or NetBSD, you'll be disappointed with the Hurd.  It will
-take some time before the OS hackers really get to work on
-applications and major enhancements.
-
-But, rest assured, Hurd development should proceed very rapidly.
-
-Of course, if you think you can help, or you just enjoy neat stuff,
-then you'll probably like the Hurd.  When you actually understand a
-fraction of what's going on behind the scenes, it's very impressive.
-
-All I'm saying is that I'm not expecting all the Windows '95 users in
-the world to switch to the Hurd right away.  Wait a little while,
-maybe 5-6 years (ample time for GNUStep and Guile to be in use), and
-GNU users everywhere will be very happy that the FSF proceeded with
-the Hurd. :)
-
-
-==============================
-
-Footnotes:
-
-[[1]] Yes, I know that ``micro-kernel'' is about as apt a description
-as ``Reduced Instruction Set Chip'', but we're stuck with it.
-
-</pre>
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
-23 Feb 1998 grat-w
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-
-</body>
-</html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2213166ab5b58cf89f3b07eded20ab2a03d9c681 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 12:10:57 +0100
Subject: Integrate hurd-and-linux.html.

---
 hurd-and-linux.html                    | 104 ---------------------------------
 hurd/documentation.mdwn                |   2 +
 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html |  47 +++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd-and-linux.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd-and-linux.html b/hurd-and-linux.html
deleted file mode 100644
index d9181d88..00000000
--- a/hurd-and-linux.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The Hurd and Linux - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd, linux">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-
-<H1>The Hurd and Linux</H1>
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.cn.html">Chinese(Simplified)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.zh.html">Chinese(Traditional)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html">English</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-
-<P>
-by <A HREF="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</A>.
-
-<P>
-
-People sometimes ask, ``Why did the FSF develop a new free kernel
-instead of using Linux?''  It's a reasonable question.  The answer,
-briefly, is that that is not the question we faced.
-
-<P>
-When we started developing the Hurd in 1990, the question facing us
-was, ``How can we get a free kernel for the GNU system?''  There was
-no free Unix-like kernel then, and we knew of no other plan to write
-one.  The only way we could expect to have a free kernel was to write
-it ourselves.  So we started.
-
-<P>
-We heard about Linux after its release.  At that time, the question
-facing us was, ``Should we cancel the Hurd project and use Linux
-instead?''
-
-<P>
-We heard that Linux was not at all portable (this may not be true
-today, but that's what we heard then).  And we heard that Linux was
-architecturally on a par with the Unix kernel; our work was leading to
-something much more powerful.
-
-<P>
-Given the years of work we had already put into the Hurd, we decided
-to finish it rather than throw them away.
-
-<P>
-If we did face the question that people ask---if Linux were already
-available, and we were considering whether to start writing another
-kernel---we would not do it.  Instead we would choose another project,
-something to do a job that no existing free software can do.
-
-<P>
-But we did start the Hurd, back then, and now we have made it work.
-We hope its superior architecture will make free operating systems
-more powerful.
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.cn.html">Chinese(Simplified)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.zh.html">Chinese(Traditional)</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html">English</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-Other <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">ways to contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-Comments on these web pages to
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-
-<p>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p>
-
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index a8c3a988..a32bc84f 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [[FAQ]]
 
+  * [[*The_Hurd_and_Linux*|hurd-and-linux]], a comment by Richard Stallman.
+
   * [[*Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design*|hurd-paper]], an architectural
     overview by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
 
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8eccd62c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[meta title="The Hurd and Linux"]]
+
+by <A HREF="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</A>.
+
+<P>
+People sometimes ask, ``Why did the FSF develop a new free kernel
+instead of using Linux?''  It's a reasonable question.  The answer,
+briefly, is that that is not the question we faced.
+
+<P>
+When we started developing the Hurd in 1990, the question facing us
+was, ``How can we get a free kernel for the GNU system?''  There was
+no free Unix-like kernel then, and we knew of no other plan to write
+one.  The only way we could expect to have a free kernel was to write
+it ourselves.  So we started.
+
+<P>
+We heard about Linux after its release.  At that time, the question
+facing us was, ``Should we cancel the Hurd project and use Linux
+instead?''
+
+<P>
+We heard that Linux was not at all portable (this may not be true
+today, but that's what we heard then).  And we heard that Linux was
+architecturally on a par with the Unix kernel; our work was leading to
+something much more powerful.
+
+<P>
+Given the years of work we had already put into the Hurd, we decided
+to finish it rather than throw them away.
+
+<P>
+If we did face the question that people ask---if Linux were already
+available, and we were considering whether to start writing another
+kernel---we would not do it.  Instead we would choose another project,
+something to do a job that no existing free software can do.
+
+<P>
+But we did start the Hurd, back then, and now we have made it work.
+We hope its superior architecture will make free operating systems
+more powerful.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4b35c398ab01c2e5ecf49d9fccc44c215f850a0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 12:29:44 +0100
Subject: Integrate history.html and hurd-announcements.html, plus all Hurd
 flashes and announcements.

---
 history.html                | 199 --------------------------------------------
 hurd-announce               |  47 -----------
 hurd-announce2              | 143 -------------------------------
 hurd-announcements.html     | 114 -------------------------
 hurd-flash                  |  22 -----
 hurd-flash10                |  25 ------
 hurd-flash11                |  25 ------
 hurd-flash12                |  76 -----------------
 hurd-flash13                | 120 --------------------------
 hurd-flash14                |  62 --------------
 hurd-flash15                |  60 -------------
 hurd-flash2                 | 152 ---------------------------------
 hurd-flash3                 |  77 -----------------
 hurd-flash4                 | 101 ----------------------
 hurd-flash5                 |  23 -----
 hurd-flash6                 |  46 ----------
 hurd-flash7                 |  17 ----
 hurd-flash8                 |  73 ----------------
 hurd-flash9                 |  39 ---------
 hurd/history.mdwn           |  81 +++++++++++++++++-
 hurd/history/hurd-announce  |  47 +++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-announce2 | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash     |  22 +++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash10   |  25 ++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash11   |  25 ++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash12   |  76 +++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash13   | 120 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash14   |  62 ++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash15   |  60 +++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash2    | 152 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash3    |  77 +++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash4    | 101 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash5    |  23 +++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash6    |  46 ++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash7    |  17 ++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash8    |  73 ++++++++++++++++
 hurd/history/hurd-flash9    |  39 +++++++++
 37 files changed, 1186 insertions(+), 1424 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 history.html
 delete mode 100644 hurd-announce
 delete mode 100644 hurd-announce2
 delete mode 100644 hurd-announcements.html
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash10
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash11
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash12
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash13
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash14
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash15
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash2
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash3
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash4
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash5
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash6
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash7
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash8
 delete mode 100644 hurd-flash9
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-announce
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-announce2
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash10
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash11
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash12
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash13
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash14
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash15
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash2
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash3
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash4
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash5
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash6
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash7
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash8
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash9

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/history.html b/history.html
deleted file mode 100644
index bde11d8e..00000000
--- a/history.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="hurd">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#9900DD">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="15">
-<TR>
-<TD COLSPAN="2">
-<IMG SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf.jpg" ALT=" [image of the Hurd logo] ">
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.he.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/history.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-</TD>
-</TR>
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#eeeeee">
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/whatsnew.html"><STRONG>What's New</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/changelogs.html">ChangeLogs</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation</a><br>
-<P>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/help.html">Getting&nbsp;Help</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/devel.html">Development</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">History</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;Mach</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-install.html">Installation</A><BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/gnumach-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig.html"><STRONG>GNU&nbsp;MIG</STRONG></A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/mig-download.html">Source&nbsp;Code</A><BR>
-&nbsp;<BR>
-<A HREF="/software/hurd/related-projects.html"><STRONG>Related&nbsp;Projects</STRONG></A>
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<HR>
-<H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#start" NAME="TOCstart">How it started</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#announce" NAME="TOCannounce">Announcements</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCstart" NAME="start">How it started</A></H3>
-<P>
-Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
-complete free operating system.  In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
-mentioned that there is a primitive kernel.  In the first GNUsletter,
-Feb. 1986, he says that GNU's kernel is TRIX, which was developed at
-the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-
-<P>
-By December of 1986, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) had "started
-working on the changes needed to TRIX" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1987].
-Shortly thereafter, the FSF began "negotiating with Professor Rashid
-of Carnegie-Mellon University about working with them on the
-development of the Mach kernel" [Gnusletter, June, 1987].  The text
-implies that the FSF wanted to use someone else's work, rather than
-have to fix TRIX.
-
-<P>
-In [Gnusletter, Feb. 1988], RMS was talking about taking Mach and
-putting the Berkeley Sprite filesystem on top of it, "after the parts
-of Berkeley Unix... have been replaced."
-
-<P>
-Six months later, the FSF is saying that "if we can't get Mach, we'll
-use TRIX or Berkeley's Sprite."  Here, they present Sprite as a
-full-kernel option, rather than just a filesystem.
-
-<P>
-In January, 1990, they say "we aren't doing any kernel work.  It does
-not make sense for us to start a kernel project now, when we still
-hope to use Mach" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1990].  Nothing significant occurs
-until 1991, when a more detailed plan is announced:
-
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-We are still interested in a multi-process kernel running on top of
-Mach.  The CMU lawyers are currently deciding if they can release Mach
-with distribution conditions that will enable us to distribute it.  If
-they decide to do so, then we will probably start work.  CMU has
-available under the same terms as Mach a single-server partial Unix
-emulator named Poe; it is rather slow and provides minimal
-functionality.  We would probably begin by extending Poe to provide
-full functionality.  Later we hope to have a modular emulator divided
-into multiple processes.  [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-<P>
-RMS explains the relationship between the Hurd and Linux in <A
-HREF="hurd-and-linux.html">The Hurd and Linux</A>, where he mentions
-that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990.  As of [Gnusletter,
-Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
-
-<H3><A HREF="#TOCannounce" NAME="announce">Announcements</A></H3>
-<DL>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash15">Release 0.2 announcement (complete GNU system)</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash14">Release 0.2 announcement (Hurd)</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash13">Test release announcement (Aug 96)</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash12">Test release status (Jul 96)</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash11">Binary image available, Apr 96</A></DT>
-<DD>
-This and <A HREF="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</A> boot flopies should
-be enough to get a working GNU/Hurd system!</DD>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash10">New Snapshot, Apr 96</A> -- NFS and lots else
-works!</DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash9">News Flash, Nov 95</A> -- ftp works!</DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash8">New Snapshot, Jul 95</A> -- ext2fs support</DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash7">New Snapshot, Apr 95</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash6">News flash, Nov 94</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash5">News flash, Sep 94</A> -- gcc runs!</DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash4">News flash, Aug 94</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash3">News flash, Jul 94</A> -- emacs runs!</DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash2">News flash, May 94</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash">News flash, Apr 94</A> -- it boots!</DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-announce2">GNU&nbsp;Hurd announcement, Nov 93</A></DT>
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-announce">GNU&nbsp;Hurd announcement, May 91</A></DT>
-</DL>
-
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-  <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">English</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.eo.html">Esperanto</A>
-| <A HREF="/software/hurd/history.html">Hebrew</A>
-| <a href="/software/hurd/history.es.html">Spanish</a>	<!-- Espa&ntilde;ol -->
-]
-
-<HR>
-
-<P>
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd-announce b/hurd-announce
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f165ad8..00000000
--- a/hurd-announce
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-From mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU Tue May  7 12:07:53 1991
-From: mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU
-Newsgroups: gnu.announce
-Subject: FSF work on a GNU OS
-Date: 6 May 91 22:15:22 GMT
-Reply-To: mib@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Distribution: gnu
-Organization: GNUs Not Usenet
-
-The Free Software Foundation is beginning work on a GNU operating
-system built on top of the Mach 3.0 microkernel.  There are three
-goals to this project worth noting:
-
-o Binary compatability with 4.4 BSD, and other U*x or U*xish systems
-  on other hardware where appropriate, convenient, and consistent with
-  the design;
-
-o Posix compliance (in combination with the GNU C Library and the GNU
-  C Compiler); and
-
-o Ease of use as well as several new features and functionality.
-
-
-I am interested in constructive criticism on the interfaces, design,
-and implementation from experts in the field of OS research and design
-consistent with the above goals.  Advice from seasoned U*x hackers is
-especially welcome.
-
-We have a mailing list for discussion.  Currently there is little
-discussion on the group; the major contributors to the ideas behind
-the design all live in the Boston area at this point, and work has
-been done via face-to-face communication.  I would like to open the
-field of discussion to a broader base, both to get wider dissemination
-of the ideas behind the current design, as well as to get a greater
-breadth of criticism.  Periodic postings are currently made to the
-mailing list containing a snapshot of the interfaces used by the
-various pieces of the system.  I would like to see discussion as well;
-perhaps we need a critical mass to get this.
-
-Interested individuals should send me email.  I don't regularly read
-the newsgroups to which this message is posted.
-
-
-[U*x is an abbreviation for a well-known trademark of AT&T.  :-)]
-
-	-mib
-
diff --git a/hurd-announce2 b/hurd-announce2
deleted file mode 100644
index dce41c43..00000000
--- a/hurd-announce2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-From mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu Wed Nov  3 21:51:03 1993
-Path: usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!ogicse!emory!nigel.msen.com!sdd.hp.com!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!spool.mu.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!prep.ai.mit.edu!gnulists
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.announce,gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Hurd status and call for volunteers
-Message-ID: <9311020719.AA02206@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-Date: 1 Nov 93 21:19:05 GMT
-Article-I.D.: geech.9311020719.AA02206
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Distribution: world
-Lines: 124
-Approved: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-X-Shopping-List: 
-   (1) Chaotic casino griddles (2) Cervical congestion (3) Neoclassical
-   consoles
-Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.announce:160 gnu.misc.discuss:3985
-
-This message to help sate curiosity, as well as to ask for volunteers.
-Until we are ready for alpha test, this is the last such message that
-will be posted here.  If you want to receive further such messages,
-send mail to hurd-ann-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu and ask to be put on that
-(moderated) announcements list.
-
-
-What is already done with the Hurd:
-
-The filesystem is complete; it runs (read-only), and most of its calls
-have been tested and work.  The filesystem is able to download
-programs, by a kludge similar to the kludge used to enable the kernel
-to download the first task.  In the actual bootstap sequence, it will
-download the execserver.
-
-The proc and auth servers are completed; the exec server is nearly
-complete (for a.out, not for bfd).  
-
-C library support for Mach and Hurd rpc stubs, and some of the mach
-and hurd specific code, is done.  Much untested and probably wrong
-code has been written to implement Unix "system calls".  A large piece
-of this (the descriptor management code) is believed by Roland to have
-some architectural flaw, but he isn't sure.
-
-Some small filesystem servers (shadow directories, for example) have
-been written, but have not been compiled, let alone tested.
-
-
-There are currently three things happening wrt the Hurd:
-
-I am spending nearly all my time getting things to boot and run.  My
-work is currently directed toward that goal; in the immediate present
-I am working with Roland on getting the library in its near-final
-state (which will last a long time) to make compiling easier.  It is
-because this is nearly done that I can send this message.
-
-Roland is working on the library.  Most of the remaining architectural
-work is done and being tested.  Then Roland will work on integrating
-cthreads (which is mostly busywork), miscellaneous filesystem calls,
-and then file descriptors.  After that comes signals.
-
-Jan Brittenson will be working on the network server library.  This is
-a library that, when linked against a BSD protocol stack, will produce
-a Hurd network server.  (Such a server implements the socket interface
-in socket.defs.)
-
-
-There are four general tasks that can be done by other people:
-
-1. Completing the existing work on the terminal driver.  The existing
-work implements most of the logic you already associate with a Posixy
-terminal driver; it needs the port management and buffering logic
-added.  
-
-2. Writing a readline terminal driver.  We will want, as an
-alternative to the Posixy terminal driver, a readline type terminal
-driver.
-
-3. Writing miscellaneous shell utilities.  Here we need shell
-utilities to create translators, etc.  They should have a nice rich
-set of features to do all kinds of GNU things.  
-
-4. Writing miscellaneous filesystem servers.  Here we need a
-transparent tar server, a transparent FTP server, and the like.
-
-
-Future plans for work to be written by me (once the bootstrap works,
-and in addition to testing library code as Roland finishes it):
-
-o split the existing filesystem into three parts:
-  o a library for port management for complicated multi-threaded
-    servers;
-  o a library for "normal" disk-based filesystems;
-  o ufs specific code.
-
-o Write the PF_FILE socket server (what you know as PF_UNIX).
-
-o Finish the posixy terminal driver if nobody else has.
-
-o Write miscellaneous shell utilities that nobody else has.
-
-o Build a self-hosting system.
-
-
-What you need in order to be able to help now:
-
-o A 386 PC running Mach 3.0.  If you have some other kind of hardware,
-  then you need to port the GNU C library support first.  I'm not
-  entirely sure how much work that involves; you will need to contact
-  Roland.  It might be too much trouble at this point to spend any
-  effort on it.  It's best if it's a machine for which a free port of
-  Mach is available, though you could do useful work even if it's not.
-
-  If you are not currently running Mach 3.0 with somebody's
-  single-server, then it is very unlikely you could help, unless you
-  have a Unix source license.  In that case, you could talk to CMU
-  (write mach@cs.cmu.edu) to find out how to get Mach 3.0 running on
-  your machine.  It is not possible to do development without a Unix
-  emulator of some kind; just bare Mach 3.0 is not sufficient.  I have
-  neither the time nor knowledge to help someone get a 3.0
-  single-server system running.
-
-o Clue.  I don't have enough time to explain operating systems or Unix
-  to people.  You need to have an iron-clad grasp of Unix semantics
-  (specificaly BSD); it's essential that things be exactly right from
-  that standpoint.  It's not enough that you've programmed Unix
-  before; you need to understand all the nits.  However, you may
-  disregard my previous comments about a "two question limit".  You do
-  need the ability to intuit to some extent, however.
-
-o Time.  It's not good for me to delegate a task and then have nothing
-  happen on it.  If you have a full-time job where you can't justify
-  Hurd work as part of your job, you might find that you don't really
-  have as much time as you thought.  Please make sure you really have
-  enough time before volunteering for a task.
-
-o Efficient net access.  Without a real Internet connection (mail only
-  is not sufficient), it will be impossible for you to do development
-  right now.
-
-
-If you think you can help, send me email.  If you don't think you can
-help right now, then don't give up: the list of conditions will change
-as the list of delegatable tasks changes.  
-
diff --git a/hurd-announcements.html b/hurd-announcements.html
deleted file mode 100644
index ab3fbad5..00000000
--- a/hurd-announcements.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-
-<HTML>
-	<HEAD>
-		<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
-		<TITLE>Hurd Announcements - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-		<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-	</HEAD>
-
-<BODY TEXT="#000000"
-	BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
-	LINK="#1F00FF"
-	VLINK="#9900DD"
-	ALINK="#FF0000">
-
-<H1>Current and Past Announcements</H1>
-
-These are all the announcements made over the years. Most of them were
-either sent to <A HREF="news:gnu.announce">gnu.announce</A> or Hurd interest
-mailing lists.
-
-<DL>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash15">Release 0.2 announcement (complete GNU system)</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash14">Release 0.2 announcement (Hurd)</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash13">Test release announcement (Aug 96)</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash12">Test release status (Jul 96)</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash11">Binary image available, Apr 96</A></DT>
-
-<DD>
-This and <A HREF="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</A> boot flopies should
-be enough to get a working Hurd system!</DD>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash10">New Snapshot, Apr 96</A> -- NFS and lots else
-works!</DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash9">News Flash, Nov 95</A> -- ftp works!</DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash8">New Snapshot, Jul 95</A> -- ext2fs support</DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash7">New Snapshot, Apr 95</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash6">News flash, Nov 94</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash5">News flash, Sep 94</A> -- gcc runs!</DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash4">News flash, Aug 94</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash3">News flash, Jul 94</A> -- emacs runs!</DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash2">News flash, May 94</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-flash">News flash, Apr 94</A> -- it boots!</DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-announce2">GNU&nbsp;Hurd announcement, Nov 93</A></DT>
-
-<DT>
-<A HREF="hurd-announce">GNU&nbsp;Hurd announcement, May 91</A></DT>
-
-<BR><A HREF="hurd-announce"></A>&nbsp;</DL>
-
-<HR>
-
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html" TARGET="_parent">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to 
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo" TARGET="_parent">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1998, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
-23 Jan 1999 matthias
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-
-
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd-flash b/hurd-flash
deleted file mode 100644
index d1bacc79..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Path: gnurd!usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!sgiblab!swrinde!gatech!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!MathWorks.Com!news.kei.com!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!life.ai.mit.edu!mib
-From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach
-Subject: Hurd now bootstraps
-Date: 05 Apr 1994 21:49:50 GMT
-Organization: Free Software Foundation, Cambridge, MA
-Lines: 11
-Message-ID: <MIB.94Apr5174952@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
-
-The GNU Hurd now bootstraps, successfully starting the core servers
-(the filesystem, exec server, process server, auth server, and init)
-and running the first program.  A snapshot of the code that did this
-is on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the usual place, /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
---
-+1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
-+1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
-1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
-Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash10 b/hurd-flash10
deleted file mode 100644
index d6d5685b..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash10
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 15:28:29 -0400
-Message-Id: <199604151928.PAA00636@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd snapshot available
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "Use the `&' operator to get the address," Tom pointed out.
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-I have just cut a new source snapshot.  If things go nicely, a binary
-snapshot may appear soon as well.  You can find this snapshot as
-
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap-960415.tar.gz
-
-Many many things work!  Emacs built native and just *went*.  The
-system now works standalone; you can use gdb (it's much nicer than
-other mach-ish gdb's, of course); the network is functional (complete
-with NFS), etc.
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash11 b/hurd-flash11
deleted file mode 100644
index 57851b01..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash11
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-From:     Miles Bader <miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Date:     Thu, 18 Apr 1996 19:08:07 -0400
-Subject:  hurd binary image
-
-
-A filesystem image from a working hurd system, corresponding to the latest
-snapshot, is available as:
-
-  ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-image-960418.tar.gz 
-
-The whole tree takes about 37meg (warning -- it unpacks into `.').  Follow
-the instructions in ./INSTALL-binary to make a working hurd system.
-
-Due to a timely trashing of the disk on our main hurd machine, it has been
-verified that it is possible to make a bootable hurd system from scratch
-using this image and a set of netbsd 1.1 boot floppies...
-
-The sources for the mach kernel included in the image are available in the
-same directory as mach4-UK22.tar.gz and mach4-i386-UK22.tar.gz.
-
--Miles
--- 
-Miles Bader / miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu / (617) 253-8568
-Amadera e ike!
diff --git a/hurd-flash12 b/hurd-flash12
deleted file mode 100644
index 5be9c94e..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash12
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Hurd 0.0 release status
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Date: 13 Jul 1996 23:53:41 GMT
-Organization: Touring Consulting Services
-Lines: 35
-Message-ID: <MIB.96Jul13195341@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
-
-People are eager to know how close we are to release, so here's an
-update:
-
-There is one rather annoying bug I'd like to find which is causing
-random crashes.  I expect this will not be too hard to locate.  There
-are some more trivial bugs, but the release will not be held up for
-them. 
-
-Forty-three packages of GNU software have been built native.
-Remaining to be built are three packages for which new releases are
-expected soon.
-
-Also remaining to be built native are bash, gdb, mach, the Hurd
-itself, and the internet utilities and daemons.  We intend to sync our
-separate copy of libc source with the libc maintainer, and then build
-it native too.
-
-Because of obnoxious export restrictions, we have still to make
-separate shared libraries for the crypt functions.
-
-Except for the actual final packaging, all the release engineering
-tasks to be done have been completed.
-
-
-To summarize, we still need to:
-
-o Fix one obnoxious bug
-o Compile three packages that are waiting for release;
-o Compile gdb, bash, mach, and hurd native
-o Sync libc source and compile native
-o Deal with crypt shared libraries
-o Final packaging
-
-Michael
-
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Re: Hurd--ne plus ultra of vaporware?
-Date: 17 Jul 1996 03:02:14 GMT
-
-In article <4sg6tp$n4t@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI> torvalds@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI (Linus Torvalds) writes:
-
-   Hey! We could also ask some well-known rock-group for one of their
-   lyrics, and use that as the theme song for the Hurd release.  And then
-   we could ask shops to stay open longer to sell the Hurd! Whaddaya think?
-   Don't say it has been delayed, just shout so loudly about all the new
-   features that nobody cares about the delay?
-
-Perhaps we could get Morrisey to sing the song.  He's very good
-looking.  Much better looking than that Mick Jagger fellow.
-
-Or something delicate, like Bach's French Suite in G.  That would be
-fun.  
-
-In any case, here's the state of the release:
-
-o Everything but nine packages has been compiled native.
-o The random crash bug I alluded to is fixed.
-o We have to build a floppy image for part of the installation instructions.
-
-That's it.  I bet you nobody in Redmond has ever made a statement like
-that...
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash13 b/hurd-flash13
deleted file mode 100644
index a2de6bfd..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash13
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 1996 22:36:31 -0400
-From: thomas@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG)
-To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu, hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Hurd 0.0 and GNU 0.0 released
-X-Name-Change: My name used to be `Michael'; now it is `Thomas'.
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "I guess I shouldn't have broken the mirror," Tom reflected.
-
-
-
-
-I am pleased to announce version 0.0 of the GNU Hurd, available via
-anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
-/pub/gnu/hurd-0.0.tar.gz (about 1.2 MB compressed).
-
-This file contains complete source code for the following:
-
-Hurd servers: 
- 
- auth, crash, devio, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
- magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
- ufs.
-
-Hurd libraries: 
- 
- diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
- shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs.
-
-Hurd utilities and other programs: 
-
- boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
- storeinfo, login, w, uptime, hurdids, loginpr, sush, vmstat,
- portinfo, devprobe, reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs,
- stati.ufs, getty, rc.
-
-
-------
-
-
-In addition, we have prepared a binary distribution of a complete
-version 0.0 GNU system corresponding to this Hurd release.  This
-release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with i[345]86
-processors.
-
-The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
-
-This release uses the `UK22' version of the Mach kernel, as
-distributed by the University of Utah.  It is too difficult to prepare
-a detailed list of supported devices at this point.  Common disk
-controllers and ethernet cards are generally supported.
-
-This release does not contain the X Window System.
-
-This release may be fetched by anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu
-[18.159.42] in the directory /pub/gnu/gnu-0.0/.
-
-In that directory, you should find the following files:
-
- README
- SOURCES
- INSTALL-binary
- grub-boot.image		(about 1.4 MB, not compressed)
- gnu-0.0.tar.gz			(about 56.9 MB compressed)
- gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz	(about 26.2 MB compressed)
-
-SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
-binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
-installation instructions for this release.  
-
-(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
-root directory of the gnu-0.0 release.)
-
-gnu-0.0.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
-into a directory that requires approximately 233 MB of disk space.
-
-gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz holds the same contents as gnu-0.0, except
-that executable programs have been stripped to save space, and the
-libraries have had debugging symbols stripped to save space and speed
-linking.  It unpacks into a directory that requires about 85.5 MB of
-disk space.
-
-We recommend using the unstripped image, or you will be unable to
-debug anything.  Surely there are bugs.  So fetch the unstripped
-image, at least to have around.
-
-grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
-in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
-
-The following free software packages are found in this release:
-
- autoconf, automake, bash, bc, binutils, bison, cpio, cvs, diffutils,
- doschk, e2fsprogs, ed, emacs, fileutils, findutils, flex, from, gawk,
- gcal, gcc, gdb, gdbm, gettext, glibc, gmp, gperf, grep, grub, gzip,
- hello, hurd, indent, inetutils, less, mach, make, m4, miscfiles,
- ncurses, nethack, nvi, patch, ptx, rcs, readline, recode, sed,
- serverboot, sharutils, shellutils, tar, termcap, termutils, texinfo,
- textutils, time, wdiff.
-
-
-------
-
-
-Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
-
-b5f888bab3eb193fe97a00a141324c9d  INSTALL-binary
-345dcd826747d7b11fc78f4db162d75b  README
-1a5744bb4ed3448045fa6d24153d65fe  SOURCES
-f7b1bc428bc4ee29977a5b28f5762092  gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz
-24554c58e5c89f295176e17d21dbae8e  gnu-0.0.tar.gz
-8338c619d860b71bc4128c9c0fd39d63  grub-boot.image
-1fd18ccc4c81d051b83d28b13dc07ee2  hurd-0.0.tar.gz
-
------
-
-Br. Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash14 b/hurd-flash14
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d67687a..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash14
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the GNU Hurd, available via
-anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
-/pub/gnu/hurd-0.2.tar.gz (about 1.37 MB compressed).  
-
-(The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.)
-
-This release contains many bug fixes from version 0.1.  Many thanks to
-all the people who are helping find bugs!  
-
-The best way you can help find bugs is to try and compile and use on
-the Hurd as many programs as you can find and find out where bugs
-still exist.  There are also unimplemented features, and your reports
-will help us to prioritize which things we work on.
-
-The system is vastly more reliable than it has been in the past.
-
-One important addition:
-
-  New programs addauth, rmauth, unsu, su, and setauth modify the uid
-  sets of running programs.  Using addauth you can add root to your
-  emacs, write a file, and then use rmauth to take the uid back.  (Of
-  course, passwords are required when necessary.)  New program `ids'
-  will tell you what all the user ids are that a program has.  Note
-  that in the Hurd a program can have several user ids all at once,
-  just like Unix supports having several group ids.  Now that you can
-  dynamically change the ids of running programs, system
-  administration (among other things) becomes much easier.
-
-For more detailed news, see the NEWS file in the distribution.
-
-This release contains complete source code for the following:
-
-Hurd servers: 
- 
- auth, crash, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
- magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
- ufs, storeio, firmlink.
-
-Hurd libraries: 
- 
- diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
- shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs, hurdbugaddr, ftpconn
-
-Hurd utilities and other programs: 
-
- boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
- storeinfo, login, w, uptime, ids, sush, vmstat, portinfo, devprobe,
- reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs, stati.ufs, getty,
- rc, e2os, vminfo, nfsd, mail.local, serverboot, MAKEDEV, loginpr,
- addauth, rmauth, unsu, setauth, ftpcp, ftpdir.
-
-We are also making a complete GNU 0.2 binary release, which will
-include Hurd 0.2, glibc 2.0.4, gnumach 1.1.2, and many other
-programs.  This binary release is announced separately.
-
-
-Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
diff --git a/hurd-flash15 b/hurd-flash15
deleted file mode 100644
index 0785ac59..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash15
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-
-I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the complete Hurd based GNU
-system.  This release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with
-i[3456]86 processors.
-
-The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
-
-This release uses the GNUmach distribution of the Mach kernel, version
-1.1.3.  Popular PC devices are generally supported.
-
-This release does not contain the X Window System.
-
-This release may be fetched from the directory
-ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gnu-0.2.  (prep.ai.mit.edu is 18.159.42,
-for the nameserver-impaired).
-
-In that directory, you should find the following files:
-
-README
-SOURCES
-INSTALL-binary
-grub-boot.image			(about 1.5 MB, not compressed)
-gnu-0.2.tar.gz			(about 73 MB compressed)
-
-SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
-binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
-installation instructions for this release.
-
-(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
-root directory of the gnu-0.2 release.)
-
-gnu-0.2.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
-into a directory that requires approximately 285 MB of disk space.
-
-grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
-in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
-
-The following free software packages are included in this release:
-
-autoconf automake bash bc binutils bison cpio cvs diffutils doschk
-e2fsprogs ed emacs emacs lisp manual fileutils findutils flex from g77
-gawk gcal gcc gdb gettext glibc gmp gnuchess gnumach gnugo grep grub
-gzip hello hurd indent inetutils less libg++ lynx m4 make miscfiles
-ncurses nethack nvi patch perl ptx readline rcs recode sed sendmail
-sh-utils sharutils tar termutils texinfo textutils time wdiff
-
---
-
-Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
-
-3749b016ab581e007b90d17b9092e134  INSTALL-binary
-1f800c326ba4c3a0b3f3a3463597317b  README
-40d1e1a38dd86f28fe2718081ac865cb  SOURCES
-f29c1a03c1667a8019b66f6effa89d39  gnu-0.2.tar.gz
-8ad3c7254802a16068a956e836266212  grub-boot.image
diff --git a/hurd-flash2 b/hurd-flash2
deleted file mode 100644
index b1d4f66f..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach,comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.misc,comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit
-Subject: GNU Hurd Task List and Call for Volunteers
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Date: 18 May 1994 17:54:47 GMT
-Organization: FOO
-Lines: 140
-Message-ID: <MIB.94May18135447@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.misc.discuss:7630 comp.os.mach:1434 comp.os.linux.d
-evelopment:9867 comp.os.linux.misc:16767 comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit:5854
-
-
-Now that the Hurd can run (albeit haltingly) on its own, it is
-possible for people who do not have Mach 3.0 single-servers to
-contribute without much trouble.  (However, if you don't have a
-single-server, you probably won't be able to use a debugger, but that
-doesn't mean you can't do debugging, right?)
-
-We at the FSF don't have any expertise in setting up Mach 3.0
-machines; the machines that we do development on belong to the Open
-Software Foundation and were set up by them.  So one of the things on
-the task list is to organize things so that people (like us and most
-of you) who don't know how to do it can do it.  It's not impossible to
-figure out, it's just a pain and a marvelous thing for a volunteer to
-do.
-
-You can get Mach 3.0 from CMU; you get the C library and the Hurd from
-us.  You need the soon-to-be-released version 1.07.6 of the C library
-and the latest Hurd snapshot (as well as our special version of MiG)
-from alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-All our work is based upon i386.  The Hurd (except for a few programs;
-see the Hurd README file) is machine independent.  The C library
-should not be too much trouble to port.  Ports and information about
-porting difficulty for either of these are greatly desired.
-
-The Hurd is not yet self-hosting.  While you are welcome to fetch the
-code and put things together, it is not likely that you will have a
-useful system right now.  But you might be able to do significant work
-(see the task list below).  And, even if you can't do significant
-work, I'm interested in hearing about any places where you had
-particular difficulty.
-
-If you want to start on one of these tasks, please let me know so I
-can keep track of volunteers properly.  This task list will be updated
-periodically; gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu always has the latest version.
-
-	-mib
-
-GNU Hurd Task List Version 1.0.
-
-If you would like to work on one of these, please contact mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-
-Mach 3.0 Work
-
-  o Mach 3.0 comes with CMU makefiles that depend on a drecky environment.  
-  It would be very helpful to have makefiles and installation stuff so
-  that it worked well for cross-compilation between systems and used 
-  GNU tools.
-
-  o MiG needs to be made able to support cross-compilation.
-
-  o A replacement for MiG that understood C .h files.
-
-  o Bootstrap tools and documentation to help people set up Mach 3.0
-  machines if they already have Linux; if they already have Net BSD;
-  if they don't have anything.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide support for task virtual timers similar
-  in functionality to the Unix ITIMER_PROF and ITIMER_VIRTUAL timers.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide a way for users to do statistical PC
-  profiling similar to the Unix profil system call.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to automatically send task and thread 
-  status on task/thread exit to a port that can only be changed by
-  a privileged user; this would be used to implement process 
-  accounting.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out what task is the parent of
-  a given task.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out which pages of a task's
-  address space are in core to implement Unix's mincore call.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to do msync.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a replacement for MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_CALL that 
-  works at least for the cases needed in ordinary files.  (Write mib if
-  you want to know what the problem is and some ideas about how to
-  solve it.)
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs proxy memory objects.  (mib can tell you what these
-  are and why they are important.)
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to do per-task resource counters that are
-  accessible to servers called by the task.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs facilities to implement resource limits of various sorts.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to have a thread's CPU time statistics
-  include time spent by servers on its behalf.
-
-  o Of course, free ports are always necessary to machines that don't
-  already have free ports.
-
-  o Much work can be done doing research in how to improve Mach VM
-  performance and timesharing scheduling policy.
-
-
-Hurd work (these are brief descriptions; mib can give more information):
-
-  o We need a translator for /dev.
-
-  o We need a replacement for utmp and wtmp that understands the
-  Hurd `login collection' concept.  Programs like who and finger
-  then need to be changed to use this.
-
-  o We need some existing shell programs changed to do Hurd things:
-  like ls, su, fsck, tar, cpio, etc.
-
-  o Some new programs need to be written: login, getty, ps, tools
-  for new filesystem features.
-
-  o Shadow directory translators.  (Roland has the beginnings of this.)
-
-  o A system for write, send, talkd and so forth to bleep users;
-  this should be integrated with the utmp replacement above.
-
-  o X.
-
-  o A filesystem for /tmp that uses virtual memory instead of disk.
-
-  o Filesystem implementations (using libdiskfs) for other popular
-  formats, especially the Linux formats as well as MSDOG.
-
-  o Transparent FTP translator.  
-  
-  o NFS client implementation.  You should start with BSD's 4.4 code
-  and support the extensions they support; don't worry about Hurd
-  extensions right now.  (The server we want to write ourselves
-  because it will probably involve changing the Hurd interfaces.)
-
-  o A fancy terminal driver that uses readline and supports detach/attach.
-
---
-+1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
-+1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
-1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
-Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
diff --git a/hurd-flash3 b/hurd-flash3
deleted file mode 100644
index 19a5f371..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-Date:    Tue, 05 Jul 1994 20:15:09 -0400
-From:    mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-To:      hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd snapshot
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been released.  You can get it from
-alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the file /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.  You will need
-the most recent version of the GNU C library; version 1.08.3 or later.
-(Version 1.08.3 is an alpha release; you can get it from
-alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the same directory.)
-
-This snapshot of the Hurd has a limping terminal driver.  It can run
-emacs, bash, a whole slew of utilities, and (most importantly) GNU
-Hello.
-
-	-mib
-
-
-Here is the new part of the NEWS file:
-
-The Hurd now runs all the programs in the GNU fileutils, textutils,
-and shellutils distributions, with the exception of who.  Most
-importantly it runs GNU Hello.  Also, emacs works (with the kludgy
-`boot' terminal driver) and bash works.
-
-The simple pipes server works; it will be replaced eventually by the
-pflocal server (which isn't done yet).  The terminal driver is limping
-but working.  It doesn't support terminal ioctls yet.  A minor bug in
-auth has been fixed.  boot interprets more Hurd protocols; this was
-done to get emacs functioning.  Some more-or-less serious bugs in exec
-were fixed; they were found by running emacs (a quite large executable
-indeed).  At bootstrap time, init starts pipes and term itself;
-eventually these will be passive translators, but we don't want to
-write the new disk format until we're self-hosting or fsck and UX will
-get confused.  The file proc/primes.c has been documented; thanks go
-to Jim Blandy.  Some bugs in proc dealing with pgrp and wait were
-fixed; a nasty hash table bug was also fixed.  The simple shell can do
-pipes.  Several serious bugs in ufs were fixed dealing with extension
-of large files and writes of data not aligned on block boundaries.
-The ufs pager was over-serialized; that's been fixed.  Directory
-lookups and modifications now use mapped I/O directly; this is an
-important speed-up.  The structure of the pager lockes has been
-changed significantly.  UFS now supports Mach copying mode
-MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY; this significantly improves process startup
-time.  
-
-Some minor changes have been made to several interfaces.  The
-interface for fs.defs:dir_readdir has been totally changed.  There are
-some new fs.defs interfaces: file_check_access, file_notice_changes,
-dir_notice_changes.  The fsys.defs:fsys_getroot interface was changed
-to work correctly.  process.defs:proc_setprocargs is renamed, and a
-fetch function proc_get_arg_locations is added.  The ifsock.defs
-interface was simplified.  
-
-Several bugs were fixed in libdiskfs.  The new dir_readdir interface
-requires new support from format-specific code.  Some race conditions
-have been fixed.  dir-pathtrans.c now deals correctly with multiple
-slashes in a row.  A new concept called "light references" allows
-pagers to remain active without preventing truncate-on-nolinks from
-working right.  New interfaces in fs.defs are implemented (except
-file_notice_changes).  Active translator usage has been fixed to work
-correctly, but passive translators are still untested.  libdiskfs now
-thinks it supports S_IFSOCK nodes, but that's untested (of course)
-because pflocal isn't done yet.
-
-The passive translator startup interface in libfshelp has been
-radically simplified.  The pager library now lets other code set and
-changee the attributes on objects, synchronously if desired.  An
-init/terminate race condition was fixed.   The ports library now
-allows single-threaded users to work right (they didn't before).  The
-trivfs library works; see the ifsock server for a simple example of
-its use.  See term or pipes for more complex examples.  
-
-There is a task list in the file `tasks'; let me know if you are
-interested in working on one of these.
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash4 b/hurd-flash4
deleted file mode 100644
index 89ae9848..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-From:     mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Date:     Mon, 8 Aug 94 16:01:23 -0400
-Subject:  New Hurd Snapshot
-X-Shopping-List: 
-	  (1) Starboard sauce (2) Cinematic lesions (3) Two-way alphabetic
-	  accordions
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
-/pub/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-It is expected that the next snapshot after this one will have signals
-basically working and thus be usable for a self-hosting system.  In
-addition, the next snapshot will probably have the current state of
-our networking code (which has been proceeding, but has been absent
-from the snapshots).
-
-Here is the NEWS about this current snapshot, however.  Because some
-big changes were made to the makefile and directory structure, things
-might have gotten inadvertently ommitted from the snapshot.  If this
-happened, please let me know ASAP and I'll fix it and make a new
-snapshot.
-
-	-mib
-
-
-August 8, 1994:
-
-Structural changes:
-
-Makefiles have been vastly improved and are simpler.  The programs
-`su', `ps', and `sh' have been moved from separate dirs into `utils';
-the programs `symlink' and `ifsock' have been moved into `trans'.
-
-Several changes were made to GCC use.  You should definitely get GCC
-version 2.6.0 now.  Version 2.6.1 will have distributed the proper
-`specs' file for the i386-gnu target, but it isn't quite ready yet, so
-you still have to copy hurd/gcc-specs into
-gcc-lib/i386-gnu/2.6.0/specs.
-
-
-Interface changes:
-
-The tioctl.defs suite is complete now.
-
-INTR RPC's have been changed; individual RPC's are no longer marked
-INTR.  Rather, entire interfaces are marked `INTR_INTERFACE' if they
-conform to the library's signalling/interruption expectations.
-
-There is a new magical retry type (for dir_pathtrans and fsys_getroot)
-called `machtype' and a new one `/'; the former is for @sys tweaks and
-the latter cleans up the retry of root-based symlinks a bit.
-
-There is a new interface `login.defs'.
-
-The "dotdot node" is no longer passed at fsys_startup time; instead,
-it is passed by fsys_getroot.
-
-
-Library changes:
-
-The ports library now does death-timeouts for multi-threaded servers;
-it doesn't actually work right yet, however.  Also the ports library
-has new features (soft vs. hard ports; no outstanding ports
-notifications) that enable server-death to be done cleanly.  (I hope;
-libdiskfs and ufs haven't yet been changed to use it, so libports
-might not actually have the right facilities yet.)
-
-The translator startup routines in libfshelp have been vastly improved
-(so that they can actually be used).
-
-Numerous bugfixes in libdiskfs, particularly relating to translator
-usage.  Use new magical retry type `/' when appropriate.  Use new
-dotdot node protocol.  O_FSYNC and O_NOATIME are now honored properly.
-Alternative methods of storing symlinks are now supported through new
-hooks.  
-
-The new dotdot protocol is now used by libtrivfs.  Also, users of the
-library are now able to set the atime and mtime when necessary.
-
-The special threads version of malloc has been placed back in
-libthreads now that the C library uses a Mach-safe version on its own.
-
-
-Program changes:
-
-The `boot' program no longer implements the tioctl interface now that
-the terminal driver works.
-
-A bug was fixed in the handling of pgrps in `proc'.
-
-Many bugfixes in term.  The tioctl interface is now implemented.  EOF
-processing is fixed; break characters now work right.  Signals and
-interruption are now done correctly.  VDISCARD works.  
-
-Ufs has Some bigs fixed in dir.c.  Filesystem upgraded to BSD 4.4.
-There are now some compatibility flags.  
-
-New program dev.trim does a very minimal /dev (but doesn't work yet).
-New program dev is an initial (but poor) attempt at a real /dev.
diff --git a/hurd-flash5 b/hurd-flash5
deleted file mode 100644
index 041a0ef7..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Message-Id: <9409210619.AA17570@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: "Lots of potentially interested people and" <nobody@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-Subject: New milestone acheived by the GNU Hurd
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "I can't get this fire started," Tom said woodenly.
-
-
-I have just successfully compiled and run a null C program on the
-Hurd.  This is using GCC native as one would normally use GCC.
-
-Sadly, it took quite a while (too long, in fact) to read the large
-archives that make up the GNU C library, but I think I know where the
-substantial inefficiency is.
-
-Once that is done, I would be happy to label this a "self-hosting
-system".  But not just yet.
-
-The last bug preventing this was an error in dealing with files over
-about 8 M; this came about because in order to link a program one
-needed the GNU C library, which is over 9M when symbols are included.
-
-        -mib
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash6 b/hurd-flash6
deleted file mode 100644
index e774714e..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash6
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-Return-Path: <pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu!gnu.ai.mit.edu!mib>
-Received: from pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu by gnurd  with uucp
-	(Linux Smail3.1.28.1 #14) id m0r66pm-00010fC; Fri, 11 Nov 94 17:00 PST
-Received: from cs.pdx.edu by pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-U)
-	id AA05257; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:48 PST
-Received: from churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu by cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-P)
-	id AA02600; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:22 PST
-Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
-	id <AA12621@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:45:35 -0500
-Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
-	id <AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
-Date: Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Message-Id: <9411112138.AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu, info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd Snapshot
-X-Shopping-List: 
-   (1) Horrendous collision devotions (2) Wondrous consolation (3)
-   Conscious cooking auctions
-X-Filter: mailagent [version 3.0 PL19] for trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.  There
-may be unforseen problems with this snapshot, so the old one has been
-left.  You may fetch this snapshot via anonymous FTP in the file
-/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-The Hurd requires a modified version of MiG; you can get it by
-anonymous ftp to kahlua.cs.utah.edu in /pub/mach/mach4-UK02p6.tar.gz.
-Note that we are not yet using Mach4 for the Hurd, but we plan to
-switch as soon as its feasible.
-
-Other necessary software to run this snapshot include the latest
-snapshot of binutils/ld/gas source from Cygnus and the latest GCC.
-(Problems have been reported with GCC 2.6.1; you might want to wait
-until 2.6.2 is released.)  And, of course, you also need the latest
-test version of the GNU C Library, found on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-This is not yet a real release; it is certainly not up to the quality
-of even a hesitant alpha release.  But it may be useful for
-educational value or to help with the Hurd effort.  
-
-I will be out of town for most of the rest of the year; I will be
-reading email but I may not be able to help with problems.  Sorry...
-
-	-mib
diff --git a/hurd-flash7 b/hurd-flash7
deleted file mode 100644
index ce6e08d2..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash7
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Date: Wed, 12 Apr 1995 15:08:18 -0400
-From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd Snapshot available
-
-A new hurd snapshot is now available from
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-This snapshot contains many improvements over the last one, and is
-also probably easier to compile.  
-
-This snapshot must be used with the most recent libc snapshot,
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/libc-950411.tar.gz.  Previous versions
-of the library will not work right.
-
-If any files are discovered to be missing, please let me know asap.
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash8 b/hurd-flash8
deleted file mode 100644
index 555186ec..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash8
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-Date: Sun, 23 Jul 1995 16:27:46 -0400
-Message-Id: <199507232027.QAA09306@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Hurd snapshot!
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Zippy-Says: I just had a NOSE JOB!!
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-I have just put a new Hurd snapshot on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
-/gnu/hurd-snap-950723.tar.gz.
-
-You will also need the new libc snapshot, which should appear in the
-same place today.  Older libc snapshots will not be happy.
-
-The binary images (hurd-floppy.fs.gz and hurd-image.tar.gz) have not
-been updated.  It is difficult to use the Hurd standalon, because the
-Mach boot loaders can now no longer boot the Hurd.  A new boot loader
-is nearly finished.  Perhaps we can make new binary images then, or a
-volunteer might take over this useful work.  (Hint, hint.)
-
-Michael
-
-
-
-Here is the NEWS:
-
-July 23, 1995
-
-Shared libraries now work; use -static to link programs and avoid the
-shared libraries.  The Hurd programs are normally built static; this
-will probably change soon.
-
-The ext2fs server now works, as do the tools to manipulate ext2fs
-filesystems.  A snapshot of the tools will be made soon under separate
-cover.  Many thanks to Ted Ts'o for his valuable work on the tools.
-
-Readers of the Makefiles will notice that we now generate dependencies
-automatically.
-
-The old netserv library is gone.
-
-The `boot' hack has been modified slightly to avoid the normalq libc startup
-files, because they no longer work with UX.
-
-Some small bugs have been fixed in the devio server.
-
-The ports library has been totally rewritten; new features permit
-servers to have greater control over thread RPC's and port creation.
-
-The fshelp library now does most of the work for translator
-interaction; it's simpler now too.  Filesystems have much less work to
-do; the relevant code in libdiskfs is now understanble instead of
-unparseable chaos.
-
-The ports library provides for timeouts; the diskfs library almost
-uses it, but because of a bug, it's disabled for now.
-
-Filesystems are now expected to sync themselves if necessary; the new
-fsys_set_options RPC provides for changeing (or cancelling) the sync
-intervale.  The diskfs library does this for you.  The update program
-is no longer necessary.
-
-A small bug in the proc server has been hacked around; the real fix
-will come later.
-
-Many important bugs in the C library have been fixed since the last
-snapshot; perhaps all of them.  ;-)
-
diff --git a/hurd-flash9 b/hurd-flash9
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ff32ba9..00000000
--- a/hurd-flash9
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 13:13:23 -0500
-Message-Id: <199511291813.NAA10983@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu (and others)
-Subject: Announcement
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Windows: The Cutting Edge of Obsolescence.
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-The Hurd has succesfully completed its first FTP:
-
-bash# ftp 128.52.46.31
-Connected to 128.52.46.31.
-220 albert.gnu.ai.mit.edu FTP server (Version 5.60) ready.
-Name (128.52.46.31:root):
-331 Password required for root.
-Password:230 User root logged in.
-ftp> cd ~mib
-250 CWD command successful.
-ftp> get ftptest
-200 PORT command successful.
-150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for ftptest (16 bytes).
-226 Transfer complete.
-17 bytes received in 0.07 secs (0.24 Kbytes/sec)
-ftp> quit
-221 Goodbye.
-bash# cat ftptest
-this is a test.
-bash#
-
-
-Tre cool.
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index 7ee5df5a..e749136f 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,5 +9,79 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-<a href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html" target="_top">History 1997-2003</a></dt>
-<dd> Personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
+Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
+complete free operating system.  In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
+mentioned that there is a primitive kernel.  In the first GNUsletter,
+Feb. 1986, he says that GNU's kernel is TRIX, which was developed at
+the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
+
+By December of 1986, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) had "started
+working on the changes needed to TRIX" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1987].
+Shortly thereafter, the FSF began "negotiating with Professor Rashid
+of Carnegie-Mellon University about working with them on the
+development of the Mach kernel" [Gnusletter, June, 1987].  The text
+implies that the FSF wanted to use someone else's work, rather than
+have to fix TRIX.
+
+In [Gnusletter, Feb. 1988], RMS was talking about taking Mach and
+putting the Berkeley Sprite filesystem on top of it, "after the parts
+of Berkeley Unix... have been replaced."
+
+Six months later, the FSF is saying that "if we can't get Mach, we'll
+use TRIX or Berkeley's Sprite."  Here, they present Sprite as a
+full-kernel option, rather than just a filesystem.
+
+In January, 1990, they say "we aren't doing any kernel work.  It does
+not make sense for us to start a kernel project now, when we still
+hope to use Mach" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1990].  Nothing significant occurs
+until 1991, when a more detailed plan is announced:
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+We are still interested in a multi-process kernel running on top of
+Mach.  The CMU lawyers are currently deciding if they can release Mach
+with distribution conditions that will enable us to distribute it.  If
+they decide to do so, then we will probably start work.  CMU has
+available under the same terms as Mach a single-server partial Unix
+emulator named Poe; it is rather slow and provides minimal
+functionality.  We would probably begin by extending Poe to provide
+full functionality.  Later we hope to have a modular emulator divided
+into multiple processes.  [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+RMS explains the relationship between the [[documentation/Hurd_and_Linux]], where he mentions
+that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990.  As of [Gnusletter,
+Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
+
+---
+
+# Announcements
+
+These are all the announcements made over the years. Most of them were
+either sent to the <A HREF="news:gnu.announce">gnu.announce</A> news group or Hurd interest
+mailing lists.
+
+  * [[hurd-flash15]] -- Release 0.2 announcement (complete GNU system)
+  * [[hurd-flash14]] -- Release 0.2 announcement (Hurd)
+  * [[hurd-flash13]] -- Test release announcement (Aug 96)
+  * [[hurd-flash12]] -- Test release status (Jul 96)
+  * [[hurd-flash11]] -- Binary image available, Apr 96
+    This and [NetBSD](http://www.netbsd.org/) boot flopies should be enough to
+    get a working GNU/Hurd system!
+  * [[hurd-flash10]] -- New Snapshot, Apr 96 -- NFS and lots else works!
+  * [[hurd-flash9]] -- News Flash, Nov 95 -- ftp works!
+  * [[hurd-flash8]] -- New Snapshot, Jul 95 -- ext2fs support
+  * [[hurd-flash7]] -- New Snapshot, Apr 95
+  * [[hurd-flash6]] -- News flash, Nov 94
+  * [[hurd-flash5]] -- News flash, Sep 94 -- gcc runs!
+  * [[hurd-flash4]] -- News flash, Aug 94
+  * [[hurd-flash3]] -- News flash, Jul 94 -- emacs runs!
+  * [[hurd-flash2]] -- News flash, May 94
+  * [[hurd-flash]] -- News flash, Apr 94 -- it boots!
+  * [[hurd-announce2]] -- GNU Hurd announcement, Nov 93
+  * [[hurd-announce]] -- GNU Hurd announcement, May 91
+
+---
+
+  * [History
+    1997-2003](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html)
+    -- personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-announce b/hurd/history/hurd-announce
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f165ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-announce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+From mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU Tue May  7 12:07:53 1991
+From: mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU
+Newsgroups: gnu.announce
+Subject: FSF work on a GNU OS
+Date: 6 May 91 22:15:22 GMT
+Reply-To: mib@prep.ai.mit.edu
+Distribution: gnu
+Organization: GNUs Not Usenet
+
+The Free Software Foundation is beginning work on a GNU operating
+system built on top of the Mach 3.0 microkernel.  There are three
+goals to this project worth noting:
+
+o Binary compatability with 4.4 BSD, and other U*x or U*xish systems
+  on other hardware where appropriate, convenient, and consistent with
+  the design;
+
+o Posix compliance (in combination with the GNU C Library and the GNU
+  C Compiler); and
+
+o Ease of use as well as several new features and functionality.
+
+
+I am interested in constructive criticism on the interfaces, design,
+and implementation from experts in the field of OS research and design
+consistent with the above goals.  Advice from seasoned U*x hackers is
+especially welcome.
+
+We have a mailing list for discussion.  Currently there is little
+discussion on the group; the major contributors to the ideas behind
+the design all live in the Boston area at this point, and work has
+been done via face-to-face communication.  I would like to open the
+field of discussion to a broader base, both to get wider dissemination
+of the ideas behind the current design, as well as to get a greater
+breadth of criticism.  Periodic postings are currently made to the
+mailing list containing a snapshot of the interfaces used by the
+various pieces of the system.  I would like to see discussion as well;
+perhaps we need a critical mass to get this.
+
+Interested individuals should send me email.  I don't regularly read
+the newsgroups to which this message is posted.
+
+
+[U*x is an abbreviation for a well-known trademark of AT&T.  :-)]
+
+	-mib
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-announce2 b/hurd/history/hurd-announce2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dce41c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-announce2
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+From mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu Wed Nov  3 21:51:03 1993
+Path: usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!ogicse!emory!nigel.msen.com!sdd.hp.com!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!spool.mu.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!prep.ai.mit.edu!gnulists
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Newsgroups: gnu.announce,gnu.misc.discuss
+Subject: Hurd status and call for volunteers
+Message-ID: <9311020719.AA02206@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+Date: 1 Nov 93 21:19:05 GMT
+Article-I.D.: geech.9311020719.AA02206
+Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
+Distribution: world
+Lines: 124
+Approved: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+X-Shopping-List: 
+   (1) Chaotic casino griddles (2) Cervical congestion (3) Neoclassical
+   consoles
+Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.announce:160 gnu.misc.discuss:3985
+
+This message to help sate curiosity, as well as to ask for volunteers.
+Until we are ready for alpha test, this is the last such message that
+will be posted here.  If you want to receive further such messages,
+send mail to hurd-ann-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu and ask to be put on that
+(moderated) announcements list.
+
+
+What is already done with the Hurd:
+
+The filesystem is complete; it runs (read-only), and most of its calls
+have been tested and work.  The filesystem is able to download
+programs, by a kludge similar to the kludge used to enable the kernel
+to download the first task.  In the actual bootstap sequence, it will
+download the execserver.
+
+The proc and auth servers are completed; the exec server is nearly
+complete (for a.out, not for bfd).  
+
+C library support for Mach and Hurd rpc stubs, and some of the mach
+and hurd specific code, is done.  Much untested and probably wrong
+code has been written to implement Unix "system calls".  A large piece
+of this (the descriptor management code) is believed by Roland to have
+some architectural flaw, but he isn't sure.
+
+Some small filesystem servers (shadow directories, for example) have
+been written, but have not been compiled, let alone tested.
+
+
+There are currently three things happening wrt the Hurd:
+
+I am spending nearly all my time getting things to boot and run.  My
+work is currently directed toward that goal; in the immediate present
+I am working with Roland on getting the library in its near-final
+state (which will last a long time) to make compiling easier.  It is
+because this is nearly done that I can send this message.
+
+Roland is working on the library.  Most of the remaining architectural
+work is done and being tested.  Then Roland will work on integrating
+cthreads (which is mostly busywork), miscellaneous filesystem calls,
+and then file descriptors.  After that comes signals.
+
+Jan Brittenson will be working on the network server library.  This is
+a library that, when linked against a BSD protocol stack, will produce
+a Hurd network server.  (Such a server implements the socket interface
+in socket.defs.)
+
+
+There are four general tasks that can be done by other people:
+
+1. Completing the existing work on the terminal driver.  The existing
+work implements most of the logic you already associate with a Posixy
+terminal driver; it needs the port management and buffering logic
+added.  
+
+2. Writing a readline terminal driver.  We will want, as an
+alternative to the Posixy terminal driver, a readline type terminal
+driver.
+
+3. Writing miscellaneous shell utilities.  Here we need shell
+utilities to create translators, etc.  They should have a nice rich
+set of features to do all kinds of GNU things.  
+
+4. Writing miscellaneous filesystem servers.  Here we need a
+transparent tar server, a transparent FTP server, and the like.
+
+
+Future plans for work to be written by me (once the bootstrap works,
+and in addition to testing library code as Roland finishes it):
+
+o split the existing filesystem into three parts:
+  o a library for port management for complicated multi-threaded
+    servers;
+  o a library for "normal" disk-based filesystems;
+  o ufs specific code.
+
+o Write the PF_FILE socket server (what you know as PF_UNIX).
+
+o Finish the posixy terminal driver if nobody else has.
+
+o Write miscellaneous shell utilities that nobody else has.
+
+o Build a self-hosting system.
+
+
+What you need in order to be able to help now:
+
+o A 386 PC running Mach 3.0.  If you have some other kind of hardware,
+  then you need to port the GNU C library support first.  I'm not
+  entirely sure how much work that involves; you will need to contact
+  Roland.  It might be too much trouble at this point to spend any
+  effort on it.  It's best if it's a machine for which a free port of
+  Mach is available, though you could do useful work even if it's not.
+
+  If you are not currently running Mach 3.0 with somebody's
+  single-server, then it is very unlikely you could help, unless you
+  have a Unix source license.  In that case, you could talk to CMU
+  (write mach@cs.cmu.edu) to find out how to get Mach 3.0 running on
+  your machine.  It is not possible to do development without a Unix
+  emulator of some kind; just bare Mach 3.0 is not sufficient.  I have
+  neither the time nor knowledge to help someone get a 3.0
+  single-server system running.
+
+o Clue.  I don't have enough time to explain operating systems or Unix
+  to people.  You need to have an iron-clad grasp of Unix semantics
+  (specificaly BSD); it's essential that things be exactly right from
+  that standpoint.  It's not enough that you've programmed Unix
+  before; you need to understand all the nits.  However, you may
+  disregard my previous comments about a "two question limit".  You do
+  need the ability to intuit to some extent, however.
+
+o Time.  It's not good for me to delegate a task and then have nothing
+  happen on it.  If you have a full-time job where you can't justify
+  Hurd work as part of your job, you might find that you don't really
+  have as much time as you thought.  Please make sure you really have
+  enough time before volunteering for a task.
+
+o Efficient net access.  Without a real Internet connection (mail only
+  is not sufficient), it will be impossible for you to do development
+  right now.
+
+
+If you think you can help, send me email.  If you don't think you can
+help right now, then don't give up: the list of conditions will change
+as the list of delegatable tasks changes.  
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash b/hurd/history/hurd-flash
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1bacc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Path: gnurd!usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!sgiblab!swrinde!gatech!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!MathWorks.Com!news.kei.com!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!life.ai.mit.edu!mib
+From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach
+Subject: Hurd now bootstraps
+Date: 05 Apr 1994 21:49:50 GMT
+Organization: Free Software Foundation, Cambridge, MA
+Lines: 11
+Message-ID: <MIB.94Apr5174952@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+
+
+The GNU Hurd now bootstraps, successfully starting the core servers
+(the filesystem, exec server, process server, auth server, and init)
+and running the first program.  A snapshot of the code that did this
+is on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the usual place, /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+--
++1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
++1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
+1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
+Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash10 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash10
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6d5685b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash10
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 15:28:29 -0400
+Message-Id: <199604151928.PAA00636@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd snapshot available
+X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
++$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
++ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
+X-Tom-Swiftie: "Use the `&' operator to get the address," Tom pointed out.
+Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
+Precedence: bulk
+
+
+I have just cut a new source snapshot.  If things go nicely, a binary
+snapshot may appear soon as well.  You can find this snapshot as
+
+ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap-960415.tar.gz
+
+Many many things work!  Emacs built native and just *went*.  The
+system now works standalone; you can use gdb (it's much nicer than
+other mach-ish gdb's, of course); the network is functional (complete
+with NFS), etc.
+
+Michael
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash11 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash11
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57851b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash11
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+From:     Miles Bader <miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Date:     Thu, 18 Apr 1996 19:08:07 -0400
+Subject:  hurd binary image
+
+
+A filesystem image from a working hurd system, corresponding to the latest
+snapshot, is available as:
+
+  ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-image-960418.tar.gz 
+
+The whole tree takes about 37meg (warning -- it unpacks into `.').  Follow
+the instructions in ./INSTALL-binary to make a working hurd system.
+
+Due to a timely trashing of the disk on our main hurd machine, it has been
+verified that it is possible to make a bootable hurd system from scratch
+using this image and a set of netbsd 1.1 boot floppies...
+
+The sources for the mach kernel included in the image are available in the
+same directory as mach4-UK22.tar.gz and mach4-i386-UK22.tar.gz.
+
+-Miles
+-- 
+Miles Bader / miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu / (617) 253-8568
+Amadera e ike!
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash12 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash12
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5be9c94e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash12
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
+Subject: Hurd 0.0 release status
+Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
+Date: 13 Jul 1996 23:53:41 GMT
+Organization: Touring Consulting Services
+Lines: 35
+Message-ID: <MIB.96Jul13195341@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+
+
+People are eager to know how close we are to release, so here's an
+update:
+
+There is one rather annoying bug I'd like to find which is causing
+random crashes.  I expect this will not be too hard to locate.  There
+are some more trivial bugs, but the release will not be held up for
+them. 
+
+Forty-three packages of GNU software have been built native.
+Remaining to be built are three packages for which new releases are
+expected soon.
+
+Also remaining to be built native are bash, gdb, mach, the Hurd
+itself, and the internet utilities and daemons.  We intend to sync our
+separate copy of libc source with the libc maintainer, and then build
+it native too.
+
+Because of obnoxious export restrictions, we have still to make
+separate shared libraries for the crypt functions.
+
+Except for the actual final packaging, all the release engineering
+tasks to be done have been completed.
+
+
+To summarize, we still need to:
+
+o Fix one obnoxious bug
+o Compile three packages that are waiting for release;
+o Compile gdb, bash, mach, and hurd native
+o Sync libc source and compile native
+o Deal with crypt shared libraries
+o Final packaging
+
+Michael
+
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
+Subject: Re: Hurd--ne plus ultra of vaporware?
+Date: 17 Jul 1996 03:02:14 GMT
+
+In article <4sg6tp$n4t@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI> torvalds@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI (Linus Torvalds) writes:
+
+   Hey! We could also ask some well-known rock-group for one of their
+   lyrics, and use that as the theme song for the Hurd release.  And then
+   we could ask shops to stay open longer to sell the Hurd! Whaddaya think?
+   Don't say it has been delayed, just shout so loudly about all the new
+   features that nobody cares about the delay?
+
+Perhaps we could get Morrisey to sing the song.  He's very good
+looking.  Much better looking than that Mick Jagger fellow.
+
+Or something delicate, like Bach's French Suite in G.  That would be
+fun.  
+
+In any case, here's the state of the release:
+
+o Everything but nine packages has been compiled native.
+o The random crash bug I alluded to is fixed.
+o We have to build a floppy image for part of the installation instructions.
+
+That's it.  I bet you nobody in Redmond has ever made a statement like
+that...
+
+Michael
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash13 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash13
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2de6bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash13
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+Date: Mon, 5 Aug 1996 22:36:31 -0400
+From: thomas@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG)
+To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu, hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: Hurd 0.0 and GNU 0.0 released
+X-Name-Change: My name used to be `Michael'; now it is `Thomas'.
+X-Tom-Swiftie: "I guess I shouldn't have broken the mirror," Tom reflected.
+
+
+
+
+I am pleased to announce version 0.0 of the GNU Hurd, available via
+anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
+/pub/gnu/hurd-0.0.tar.gz (about 1.2 MB compressed).
+
+This file contains complete source code for the following:
+
+Hurd servers: 
+ 
+ auth, crash, devio, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
+ magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
+ ufs.
+
+Hurd libraries: 
+ 
+ diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
+ shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs.
+
+Hurd utilities and other programs: 
+
+ boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
+ storeinfo, login, w, uptime, hurdids, loginpr, sush, vmstat,
+ portinfo, devprobe, reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs,
+ stati.ufs, getty, rc.
+
+
+------
+
+
+In addition, we have prepared a binary distribution of a complete
+version 0.0 GNU system corresponding to this Hurd release.  This
+release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with i[345]86
+processors.
+
+The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
+GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
+components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
+parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
+and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
+system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
+
+This release uses the `UK22' version of the Mach kernel, as
+distributed by the University of Utah.  It is too difficult to prepare
+a detailed list of supported devices at this point.  Common disk
+controllers and ethernet cards are generally supported.
+
+This release does not contain the X Window System.
+
+This release may be fetched by anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu
+[18.159.42] in the directory /pub/gnu/gnu-0.0/.
+
+In that directory, you should find the following files:
+
+ README
+ SOURCES
+ INSTALL-binary
+ grub-boot.image		(about 1.4 MB, not compressed)
+ gnu-0.0.tar.gz			(about 56.9 MB compressed)
+ gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz	(about 26.2 MB compressed)
+
+SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
+binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
+installation instructions for this release.  
+
+(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
+root directory of the gnu-0.0 release.)
+
+gnu-0.0.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
+into a directory that requires approximately 233 MB of disk space.
+
+gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz holds the same contents as gnu-0.0, except
+that executable programs have been stripped to save space, and the
+libraries have had debugging symbols stripped to save space and speed
+linking.  It unpacks into a directory that requires about 85.5 MB of
+disk space.
+
+We recommend using the unstripped image, or you will be unable to
+debug anything.  Surely there are bugs.  So fetch the unstripped
+image, at least to have around.
+
+grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
+in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
+
+The following free software packages are found in this release:
+
+ autoconf, automake, bash, bc, binutils, bison, cpio, cvs, diffutils,
+ doschk, e2fsprogs, ed, emacs, fileutils, findutils, flex, from, gawk,
+ gcal, gcc, gdb, gdbm, gettext, glibc, gmp, gperf, grep, grub, gzip,
+ hello, hurd, indent, inetutils, less, mach, make, m4, miscfiles,
+ ncurses, nethack, nvi, patch, ptx, rcs, readline, recode, sed,
+ serverboot, sharutils, shellutils, tar, termcap, termutils, texinfo,
+ textutils, time, wdiff.
+
+
+------
+
+
+Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
+
+b5f888bab3eb193fe97a00a141324c9d  INSTALL-binary
+345dcd826747d7b11fc78f4db162d75b  README
+1a5744bb4ed3448045fa6d24153d65fe  SOURCES
+f7b1bc428bc4ee29977a5b28f5762092  gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz
+24554c58e5c89f295176e17d21dbae8e  gnu-0.0.tar.gz
+8338c619d860b71bc4128c9c0fd39d63  grub-boot.image
+1fd18ccc4c81d051b83d28b13dc07ee2  hurd-0.0.tar.gz
+
+-----
+
+Br. Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash14 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash14
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d67687a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash14
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the GNU Hurd, available via
+anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
+/pub/gnu/hurd-0.2.tar.gz (about 1.37 MB compressed).  
+
+(The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
+GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
+components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
+parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
+and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
+system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.)
+
+This release contains many bug fixes from version 0.1.  Many thanks to
+all the people who are helping find bugs!  
+
+The best way you can help find bugs is to try and compile and use on
+the Hurd as many programs as you can find and find out where bugs
+still exist.  There are also unimplemented features, and your reports
+will help us to prioritize which things we work on.
+
+The system is vastly more reliable than it has been in the past.
+
+One important addition:
+
+  New programs addauth, rmauth, unsu, su, and setauth modify the uid
+  sets of running programs.  Using addauth you can add root to your
+  emacs, write a file, and then use rmauth to take the uid back.  (Of
+  course, passwords are required when necessary.)  New program `ids'
+  will tell you what all the user ids are that a program has.  Note
+  that in the Hurd a program can have several user ids all at once,
+  just like Unix supports having several group ids.  Now that you can
+  dynamically change the ids of running programs, system
+  administration (among other things) becomes much easier.
+
+For more detailed news, see the NEWS file in the distribution.
+
+This release contains complete source code for the following:
+
+Hurd servers: 
+ 
+ auth, crash, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
+ magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
+ ufs, storeio, firmlink.
+
+Hurd libraries: 
+ 
+ diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
+ shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs, hurdbugaddr, ftpconn
+
+Hurd utilities and other programs: 
+
+ boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
+ storeinfo, login, w, uptime, ids, sush, vmstat, portinfo, devprobe,
+ reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs, stati.ufs, getty,
+ rc, e2os, vminfo, nfsd, mail.local, serverboot, MAKEDEV, loginpr,
+ addauth, rmauth, unsu, setauth, ftpcp, ftpdir.
+
+We are also making a complete GNU 0.2 binary release, which will
+include Hurd 0.2, glibc 2.0.4, gnumach 1.1.2, and many other
+programs.  This binary release is announced separately.
+
+
+Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash15 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash15
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0785ac59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash15
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the complete Hurd based GNU
+system.  This release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with
+i[3456]86 processors.
+
+The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
+GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
+components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
+parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
+and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
+system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
+
+This release uses the GNUmach distribution of the Mach kernel, version
+1.1.3.  Popular PC devices are generally supported.
+
+This release does not contain the X Window System.
+
+This release may be fetched from the directory
+ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gnu-0.2.  (prep.ai.mit.edu is 18.159.42,
+for the nameserver-impaired).
+
+In that directory, you should find the following files:
+
+README
+SOURCES
+INSTALL-binary
+grub-boot.image			(about 1.5 MB, not compressed)
+gnu-0.2.tar.gz			(about 73 MB compressed)
+
+SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
+binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
+installation instructions for this release.
+
+(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
+root directory of the gnu-0.2 release.)
+
+gnu-0.2.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
+into a directory that requires approximately 285 MB of disk space.
+
+grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
+in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
+
+The following free software packages are included in this release:
+
+autoconf automake bash bc binutils bison cpio cvs diffutils doschk
+e2fsprogs ed emacs emacs lisp manual fileutils findutils flex from g77
+gawk gcal gcc gdb gettext glibc gmp gnuchess gnumach gnugo grep grub
+gzip hello hurd indent inetutils less libg++ lynx m4 make miscfiles
+ncurses nethack nvi patch perl ptx readline rcs recode sed sendmail
+sh-utils sharutils tar termutils texinfo textutils time wdiff
+
+--
+
+Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
+
+3749b016ab581e007b90d17b9092e134  INSTALL-binary
+1f800c326ba4c3a0b3f3a3463597317b  README
+40d1e1a38dd86f28fe2718081ac865cb  SOURCES
+f29c1a03c1667a8019b66f6effa89d39  gnu-0.2.tar.gz
+8ad3c7254802a16068a956e836266212  grub-boot.image
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash2 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1d4f66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash2
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach,comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.misc,comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit
+Subject: GNU Hurd Task List and Call for Volunteers
+Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
+Date: 18 May 1994 17:54:47 GMT
+Organization: FOO
+Lines: 140
+Message-ID: <MIB.94May18135447@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.misc.discuss:7630 comp.os.mach:1434 comp.os.linux.d
+evelopment:9867 comp.os.linux.misc:16767 comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit:5854
+
+
+Now that the Hurd can run (albeit haltingly) on its own, it is
+possible for people who do not have Mach 3.0 single-servers to
+contribute without much trouble.  (However, if you don't have a
+single-server, you probably won't be able to use a debugger, but that
+doesn't mean you can't do debugging, right?)
+
+We at the FSF don't have any expertise in setting up Mach 3.0
+machines; the machines that we do development on belong to the Open
+Software Foundation and were set up by them.  So one of the things on
+the task list is to organize things so that people (like us and most
+of you) who don't know how to do it can do it.  It's not impossible to
+figure out, it's just a pain and a marvelous thing for a volunteer to
+do.
+
+You can get Mach 3.0 from CMU; you get the C library and the Hurd from
+us.  You need the soon-to-be-released version 1.07.6 of the C library
+and the latest Hurd snapshot (as well as our special version of MiG)
+from alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
+
+All our work is based upon i386.  The Hurd (except for a few programs;
+see the Hurd README file) is machine independent.  The C library
+should not be too much trouble to port.  Ports and information about
+porting difficulty for either of these are greatly desired.
+
+The Hurd is not yet self-hosting.  While you are welcome to fetch the
+code and put things together, it is not likely that you will have a
+useful system right now.  But you might be able to do significant work
+(see the task list below).  And, even if you can't do significant
+work, I'm interested in hearing about any places where you had
+particular difficulty.
+
+If you want to start on one of these tasks, please let me know so I
+can keep track of volunteers properly.  This task list will be updated
+periodically; gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu always has the latest version.
+
+	-mib
+
+GNU Hurd Task List Version 1.0.
+
+If you would like to work on one of these, please contact mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
+
+
+Mach 3.0 Work
+
+  o Mach 3.0 comes with CMU makefiles that depend on a drecky environment.  
+  It would be very helpful to have makefiles and installation stuff so
+  that it worked well for cross-compilation between systems and used 
+  GNU tools.
+
+  o MiG needs to be made able to support cross-compilation.
+
+  o A replacement for MiG that understood C .h files.
+
+  o Bootstrap tools and documentation to help people set up Mach 3.0
+  machines if they already have Linux; if they already have Net BSD;
+  if they don't have anything.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide support for task virtual timers similar
+  in functionality to the Unix ITIMER_PROF and ITIMER_VIRTUAL timers.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide a way for users to do statistical PC
+  profiling similar to the Unix profil system call.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to automatically send task and thread 
+  status on task/thread exit to a port that can only be changed by
+  a privileged user; this would be used to implement process 
+  accounting.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out what task is the parent of
+  a given task.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out which pages of a task's
+  address space are in core to implement Unix's mincore call.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to do msync.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a replacement for MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_CALL that 
+  works at least for the cases needed in ordinary files.  (Write mib if
+  you want to know what the problem is and some ideas about how to
+  solve it.)
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs proxy memory objects.  (mib can tell you what these
+  are and why they are important.)
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to do per-task resource counters that are
+  accessible to servers called by the task.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs facilities to implement resource limits of various sorts.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to have a thread's CPU time statistics
+  include time spent by servers on its behalf.
+
+  o Of course, free ports are always necessary to machines that don't
+  already have free ports.
+
+  o Much work can be done doing research in how to improve Mach VM
+  performance and timesharing scheduling policy.
+
+
+Hurd work (these are brief descriptions; mib can give more information):
+
+  o We need a translator for /dev.
+
+  o We need a replacement for utmp and wtmp that understands the
+  Hurd `login collection' concept.  Programs like who and finger
+  then need to be changed to use this.
+
+  o We need some existing shell programs changed to do Hurd things:
+  like ls, su, fsck, tar, cpio, etc.
+
+  o Some new programs need to be written: login, getty, ps, tools
+  for new filesystem features.
+
+  o Shadow directory translators.  (Roland has the beginnings of this.)
+
+  o A system for write, send, talkd and so forth to bleep users;
+  this should be integrated with the utmp replacement above.
+
+  o X.
+
+  o A filesystem for /tmp that uses virtual memory instead of disk.
+
+  o Filesystem implementations (using libdiskfs) for other popular
+  formats, especially the Linux formats as well as MSDOG.
+
+  o Transparent FTP translator.  
+  
+  o NFS client implementation.  You should start with BSD's 4.4 code
+  and support the extensions they support; don't worry about Hurd
+  extensions right now.  (The server we want to write ourselves
+  because it will probably involve changing the Hurd interfaces.)
+
+  o A fancy terminal driver that uses readline and supports detach/attach.
+
+--
++1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
++1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
+1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
+Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash3 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash3
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19a5f371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash3
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+Date:    Tue, 05 Jul 1994 20:15:09 -0400
+From:    mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+To:      hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd snapshot
+
+
+A new Hurd snapshot has been released.  You can get it from
+alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the file /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.  You will need
+the most recent version of the GNU C library; version 1.08.3 or later.
+(Version 1.08.3 is an alpha release; you can get it from
+alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the same directory.)
+
+This snapshot of the Hurd has a limping terminal driver.  It can run
+emacs, bash, a whole slew of utilities, and (most importantly) GNU
+Hello.
+
+	-mib
+
+
+Here is the new part of the NEWS file:
+
+The Hurd now runs all the programs in the GNU fileutils, textutils,
+and shellutils distributions, with the exception of who.  Most
+importantly it runs GNU Hello.  Also, emacs works (with the kludgy
+`boot' terminal driver) and bash works.
+
+The simple pipes server works; it will be replaced eventually by the
+pflocal server (which isn't done yet).  The terminal driver is limping
+but working.  It doesn't support terminal ioctls yet.  A minor bug in
+auth has been fixed.  boot interprets more Hurd protocols; this was
+done to get emacs functioning.  Some more-or-less serious bugs in exec
+were fixed; they were found by running emacs (a quite large executable
+indeed).  At bootstrap time, init starts pipes and term itself;
+eventually these will be passive translators, but we don't want to
+write the new disk format until we're self-hosting or fsck and UX will
+get confused.  The file proc/primes.c has been documented; thanks go
+to Jim Blandy.  Some bugs in proc dealing with pgrp and wait were
+fixed; a nasty hash table bug was also fixed.  The simple shell can do
+pipes.  Several serious bugs in ufs were fixed dealing with extension
+of large files and writes of data not aligned on block boundaries.
+The ufs pager was over-serialized; that's been fixed.  Directory
+lookups and modifications now use mapped I/O directly; this is an
+important speed-up.  The structure of the pager lockes has been
+changed significantly.  UFS now supports Mach copying mode
+MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY; this significantly improves process startup
+time.  
+
+Some minor changes have been made to several interfaces.  The
+interface for fs.defs:dir_readdir has been totally changed.  There are
+some new fs.defs interfaces: file_check_access, file_notice_changes,
+dir_notice_changes.  The fsys.defs:fsys_getroot interface was changed
+to work correctly.  process.defs:proc_setprocargs is renamed, and a
+fetch function proc_get_arg_locations is added.  The ifsock.defs
+interface was simplified.  
+
+Several bugs were fixed in libdiskfs.  The new dir_readdir interface
+requires new support from format-specific code.  Some race conditions
+have been fixed.  dir-pathtrans.c now deals correctly with multiple
+slashes in a row.  A new concept called "light references" allows
+pagers to remain active without preventing truncate-on-nolinks from
+working right.  New interfaces in fs.defs are implemented (except
+file_notice_changes).  Active translator usage has been fixed to work
+correctly, but passive translators are still untested.  libdiskfs now
+thinks it supports S_IFSOCK nodes, but that's untested (of course)
+because pflocal isn't done yet.
+
+The passive translator startup interface in libfshelp has been
+radically simplified.  The pager library now lets other code set and
+changee the attributes on objects, synchronously if desired.  An
+init/terminate race condition was fixed.   The ports library now
+allows single-threaded users to work right (they didn't before).  The
+trivfs library works; see the ifsock server for a simple example of
+its use.  See term or pipes for more complex examples.  
+
+There is a task list in the file `tasks'; let me know if you are
+interested in working on one of these.
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash4 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89ae9848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash4
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+From:     mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Date:     Mon, 8 Aug 94 16:01:23 -0400
+Subject:  New Hurd Snapshot
+X-Shopping-List: 
+	  (1) Starboard sauce (2) Cinematic lesions (3) Two-way alphabetic
+	  accordions
+
+
+A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
+/pub/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+It is expected that the next snapshot after this one will have signals
+basically working and thus be usable for a self-hosting system.  In
+addition, the next snapshot will probably have the current state of
+our networking code (which has been proceeding, but has been absent
+from the snapshots).
+
+Here is the NEWS about this current snapshot, however.  Because some
+big changes were made to the makefile and directory structure, things
+might have gotten inadvertently ommitted from the snapshot.  If this
+happened, please let me know ASAP and I'll fix it and make a new
+snapshot.
+
+	-mib
+
+
+August 8, 1994:
+
+Structural changes:
+
+Makefiles have been vastly improved and are simpler.  The programs
+`su', `ps', and `sh' have been moved from separate dirs into `utils';
+the programs `symlink' and `ifsock' have been moved into `trans'.
+
+Several changes were made to GCC use.  You should definitely get GCC
+version 2.6.0 now.  Version 2.6.1 will have distributed the proper
+`specs' file for the i386-gnu target, but it isn't quite ready yet, so
+you still have to copy hurd/gcc-specs into
+gcc-lib/i386-gnu/2.6.0/specs.
+
+
+Interface changes:
+
+The tioctl.defs suite is complete now.
+
+INTR RPC's have been changed; individual RPC's are no longer marked
+INTR.  Rather, entire interfaces are marked `INTR_INTERFACE' if they
+conform to the library's signalling/interruption expectations.
+
+There is a new magical retry type (for dir_pathtrans and fsys_getroot)
+called `machtype' and a new one `/'; the former is for @sys tweaks and
+the latter cleans up the retry of root-based symlinks a bit.
+
+There is a new interface `login.defs'.
+
+The "dotdot node" is no longer passed at fsys_startup time; instead,
+it is passed by fsys_getroot.
+
+
+Library changes:
+
+The ports library now does death-timeouts for multi-threaded servers;
+it doesn't actually work right yet, however.  Also the ports library
+has new features (soft vs. hard ports; no outstanding ports
+notifications) that enable server-death to be done cleanly.  (I hope;
+libdiskfs and ufs haven't yet been changed to use it, so libports
+might not actually have the right facilities yet.)
+
+The translator startup routines in libfshelp have been vastly improved
+(so that they can actually be used).
+
+Numerous bugfixes in libdiskfs, particularly relating to translator
+usage.  Use new magical retry type `/' when appropriate.  Use new
+dotdot node protocol.  O_FSYNC and O_NOATIME are now honored properly.
+Alternative methods of storing symlinks are now supported through new
+hooks.  
+
+The new dotdot protocol is now used by libtrivfs.  Also, users of the
+library are now able to set the atime and mtime when necessary.
+
+The special threads version of malloc has been placed back in
+libthreads now that the C library uses a Mach-safe version on its own.
+
+
+Program changes:
+
+The `boot' program no longer implements the tioctl interface now that
+the terminal driver works.
+
+A bug was fixed in the handling of pgrps in `proc'.
+
+Many bugfixes in term.  The tioctl interface is now implemented.  EOF
+processing is fixed; break characters now work right.  Signals and
+interruption are now done correctly.  VDISCARD works.  
+
+Ufs has Some bigs fixed in dir.c.  Filesystem upgraded to BSD 4.4.
+There are now some compatibility flags.  
+
+New program dev.trim does a very minimal /dev (but doesn't work yet).
+New program dev is an initial (but poor) attempt at a real /dev.
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash5 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash5
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..041a0ef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash5
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Message-Id: <9409210619.AA17570@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: "Lots of potentially interested people and" <nobody@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+Subject: New milestone acheived by the GNU Hurd
+X-Tom-Swiftie: "I can't get this fire started," Tom said woodenly.
+
+
+I have just successfully compiled and run a null C program on the
+Hurd.  This is using GCC native as one would normally use GCC.
+
+Sadly, it took quite a while (too long, in fact) to read the large
+archives that make up the GNU C library, but I think I know where the
+substantial inefficiency is.
+
+Once that is done, I would be happy to label this a "self-hosting
+system".  But not just yet.
+
+The last bug preventing this was an error in dealing with files over
+about 8 M; this came about because in order to link a program one
+needed the GNU C library, which is over 9M when symbols are included.
+
+        -mib
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash6 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash6
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e774714e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash6
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Return-Path: <pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu!gnu.ai.mit.edu!mib>
+Received: from pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu by gnurd  with uucp
+	(Linux Smail3.1.28.1 #14) id m0r66pm-00010fC; Fri, 11 Nov 94 17:00 PST
+Received: from cs.pdx.edu by pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-U)
+	id AA05257; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:48 PST
+Received: from churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu by cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-P)
+	id AA02600; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:22 PST
+Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
+	id <AA12621@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:45:35 -0500
+Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
+	id <AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
+Date: Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Message-Id: <9411112138.AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu, info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd Snapshot
+X-Shopping-List: 
+   (1) Horrendous collision devotions (2) Wondrous consolation (3)
+   Conscious cooking auctions
+X-Filter: mailagent [version 3.0 PL19] for trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu
+
+
+A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.  There
+may be unforseen problems with this snapshot, so the old one has been
+left.  You may fetch this snapshot via anonymous FTP in the file
+/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+The Hurd requires a modified version of MiG; you can get it by
+anonymous ftp to kahlua.cs.utah.edu in /pub/mach/mach4-UK02p6.tar.gz.
+Note that we are not yet using Mach4 for the Hurd, but we plan to
+switch as soon as its feasible.
+
+Other necessary software to run this snapshot include the latest
+snapshot of binutils/ld/gas source from Cygnus and the latest GCC.
+(Problems have been reported with GCC 2.6.1; you might want to wait
+until 2.6.2 is released.)  And, of course, you also need the latest
+test version of the GNU C Library, found on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
+
+This is not yet a real release; it is certainly not up to the quality
+of even a hesitant alpha release.  But it may be useful for
+educational value or to help with the Hurd effort.  
+
+I will be out of town for most of the rest of the year; I will be
+reading email but I may not be able to help with problems.  Sorry...
+
+	-mib
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash7 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce6e08d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash7
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Date: Wed, 12 Apr 1995 15:08:18 -0400
+From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: hurd-ann@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd Snapshot available
+
+A new hurd snapshot is now available from
+ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+This snapshot contains many improvements over the last one, and is
+also probably easier to compile.  
+
+This snapshot must be used with the most recent libc snapshot,
+ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/libc-950411.tar.gz.  Previous versions
+of the library will not work right.
+
+If any files are discovered to be missing, please let me know asap.
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash8 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash8
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..555186ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash8
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Date: Sun, 23 Jul 1995 16:27:46 -0400
+Message-Id: <199507232027.QAA09306@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: Hurd snapshot!
+X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
++$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
++ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
+X-Zippy-Says: I just had a NOSE JOB!!
+Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
+Precedence: bulk
+
+
+I have just put a new Hurd snapshot on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
+/gnu/hurd-snap-950723.tar.gz.
+
+You will also need the new libc snapshot, which should appear in the
+same place today.  Older libc snapshots will not be happy.
+
+The binary images (hurd-floppy.fs.gz and hurd-image.tar.gz) have not
+been updated.  It is difficult to use the Hurd standalon, because the
+Mach boot loaders can now no longer boot the Hurd.  A new boot loader
+is nearly finished.  Perhaps we can make new binary images then, or a
+volunteer might take over this useful work.  (Hint, hint.)
+
+Michael
+
+
+
+Here is the NEWS:
+
+July 23, 1995
+
+Shared libraries now work; use -static to link programs and avoid the
+shared libraries.  The Hurd programs are normally built static; this
+will probably change soon.
+
+The ext2fs server now works, as do the tools to manipulate ext2fs
+filesystems.  A snapshot of the tools will be made soon under separate
+cover.  Many thanks to Ted Ts'o for his valuable work on the tools.
+
+Readers of the Makefiles will notice that we now generate dependencies
+automatically.
+
+The old netserv library is gone.
+
+The `boot' hack has been modified slightly to avoid the normalq libc startup
+files, because they no longer work with UX.
+
+Some small bugs have been fixed in the devio server.
+
+The ports library has been totally rewritten; new features permit
+servers to have greater control over thread RPC's and port creation.
+
+The fshelp library now does most of the work for translator
+interaction; it's simpler now too.  Filesystems have much less work to
+do; the relevant code in libdiskfs is now understanble instead of
+unparseable chaos.
+
+The ports library provides for timeouts; the diskfs library almost
+uses it, but because of a bug, it's disabled for now.
+
+Filesystems are now expected to sync themselves if necessary; the new
+fsys_set_options RPC provides for changeing (or cancelling) the sync
+intervale.  The diskfs library does this for you.  The update program
+is no longer necessary.
+
+A small bug in the proc server has been hacked around; the real fix
+will come later.
+
+Many important bugs in the C library have been fixed since the last
+snapshot; perhaps all of them.  ;-)
+
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash9 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash9
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ff32ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/hurd-flash9
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 13:13:23 -0500
+Message-Id: <199511291813.NAA10983@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu (and others)
+Subject: Announcement
+X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
++$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
++ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
+X-Windows: The Cutting Edge of Obsolescence.
+Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
+Precedence: bulk
+
+
+The Hurd has succesfully completed its first FTP:
+
+bash# ftp 128.52.46.31
+Connected to 128.52.46.31.
+220 albert.gnu.ai.mit.edu FTP server (Version 5.60) ready.
+Name (128.52.46.31:root):
+331 Password required for root.
+Password:230 User root logged in.
+ftp> cd ~mib
+250 CWD command successful.
+ftp> get ftptest
+200 PORT command successful.
+150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for ftptest (16 bytes).
+226 Transfer complete.
+17 bytes received in 0.07 secs (0.24 Kbytes/sec)
+ftp> quit
+221 Goodbye.
+bash# cat ftptest
+this is a test.
+bash#
+
+
+Tre cool.
+
+Michael
+
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From daf515b3117746bc50e3d839496f57a302ef0a0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 12:49:14 +0100
Subject: Integrate howto/subhurd.html.

---
 howto/subhurd.html                  | 89 -------------------------------------
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                   |  3 +-
 hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn | 42 +++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 howto/subhurd.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/howto/subhurd.html b/howto/subhurd.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 54aa3b3c..00000000
--- a/howto/subhurd.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-
-<HTML>
-	<HEAD>
-		<TITLE>GNU Hurd - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-		<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-	</HEAD>
-
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#000000" LINK="#8888EE" VLINK="#9F00DD" ALINK="#000088">
-<IMAGE SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf_invert.jpg">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20">
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<A HREF="../hurd.html#contents"><STRONG>The GNU Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-<p>
-<a href="/software/hurd/whatis/">Whatis?</a><br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/howto/">Howto?</a><br>
-</p>
-
-<P>
-<!---A HREF="mirrors.html#contents">Mirrors</A><BR--->
-<A HREF="../acknowledgements.html#contents">Acknowledgements</A><BR>
-<!---A HREF="copyright.html#contents">Copyright Notice</A--->
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
-<h1>Running a Subhurd</h1>
-<p class="author">By Roland McGrath</p>
-<p>The most useful thing you can do when trying to troubleshoot the boot
-sequence of the Hurd is try to run your the system in a
-sub-hurd, while watching it using ps and gdb from the working hurd.  Since
-the sub-hurd is never going to make it all the way up, you don't even
-really need to make a separate filesystem for it; you can just boot the
-sub-hurd read-only on your main root filesystem if you like.</p>
-
-<p>The way to boot the sub-hurd is with `boot'.  I would suggest something
-like this: boot -d -I -Tdevice /boot/servers.boot hd0s6</p>
-
-<p>The -d says to pause before the start-up of each server and wait for you to
-hit return, which gives you time to go attach gdb to the task before it
-starts running.  The -I says to leave the terminal signals normal, so
-hitting C-z will suspend boot rather than sending a C-z to the virtual
-console device of the sub-hurd.  (Note that suspending boot does not
-suspend the sub-hurd, just boot itself; boot acts as the server for device
-access from the sub-hurd, so the sub-hurd's attempts to write to its
-console or open devices block while boot is suspended.)</p>
-
-<p>When you do `ps -A' on the main hurd, the sub-hurd tasks will appear as
-unknown processes.  You can figure out which is which just by looking at
-the order of unknown processes that appear with higher PIDs than the boot
-process.  They appear in the order you see in the "bootstrap: ..."
-messages, i.e. the first unknown after boot will be ext2fs.static, the
-second exec, then init, then proc.</p>
-
-
-<HR>
-
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html" TARGET="_parent">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo" TARGET="_parent">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index 8816e312..d2b80cf9 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -118,5 +118,4 @@ characteristic thread counts.
 
 Read about using a subhurd for [[debugging_purposes|debugging/subhurd]].
 
-Roland's [tutorial](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/howto/subhurd.html) on
-setting up sub-hurds.
+Roland's tutorial about [[running_a_subhurd]].
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d9693cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Running a Subhurd"]]
+
+By Roland McGrath.
+
+The most useful thing you can do when trying to troubleshoot the boot
+sequence of the Hurd is try to run your the system in a
+sub-hurd, while watching it using ps and gdb from the working hurd.  Since
+the sub-hurd is never going to make it all the way up, you don't even
+really need to make a separate filesystem for it; you can just boot the
+sub-hurd read-only on your main root filesystem if you like.
+
+The way to boot the sub-hurd is with `boot`.  I would suggest something
+like this:
+
+    boot -d -I -Tdevice /boot/servers.boot hd0s6
+
+The -d says to pause before the start-up of each server and wait for you to
+hit return, which gives you time to go attach gdb to the task before it
+starts running.  The -I says to leave the terminal signals normal, so
+hitting C-z will suspend boot rather than sending a C-z to the virtual
+console device of the sub-hurd.  (Note that suspending boot does not
+suspend the sub-hurd, just boot itself; boot acts as the server for device
+access from the sub-hurd, so the sub-hurd's attempts to write to its
+console or open devices block while boot is suspended.)
+
+When you do `ps -A` on the main hurd, the sub-hurd tasks will appear as
+unknown processes.  You can figure out which is which just by looking at
+the order of unknown processes that appear with higher PIDs than the boot
+process.  They appear in the order you see in the "bootstrap: ..."
+messages, i.e. the first unknown after boot will be ext2fs.static, the
+second exec, then init, then proc.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a3bbfa6bc8a3abd8dd3c56fd8fe975028f6fa005 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 12:56:40 +0100
Subject: Integrate whatis/translator.html.

---
 hurd/documentation.mdwn             |   2 +
 hurd/documentation/translators.html | 236 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator.mdwn                |   2 +
 whatis/translator.html              | 290 ------------------------------------
 4 files changed, 240 insertions(+), 290 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/translators.html
 delete mode 100644 whatis/translator.html

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index a32bc84f..be0874e7 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [[*The_Hurd*|hurd-talk]], a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann.
 
+  * A document about *[[translators]]* by Marcus Brinkmann.
+
   * [[*A_Critique_of_the_GNU_Hurd_Multi-server_Operating_System*|critique]], an
     analysis of the GNU Hurd on GNU Mach system, written by Neal Walfield and
     Marcus Brinkmann.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/translators.html b/hurd/documentation/translators.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e47a9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/translators.html
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[meta title="Translators"]]
+
+By Marcus Brinkmann.
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#concept" name="TOC_concept">Concept</a></li>
+<li><a href="#examples" name="TOC_examples">Examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#actpas" name="TOC_actpas">Passive Translators, Active Translators</a></li>
+<li><a href="#manage" name="TOC_manage">Managing Translators</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a href="#TOC_concept" name="concept">Concept</a></h3>
+<p>
+Before we take a closer look at translators, let us consider regular
+filesystems. A filesystem is store for a hierarchical tree of directories
+and files. You access directories and files by a special character string,
+the path. Furthermore, there are symbolic links to refer to one file at
+several places in the tree, there are hard links to give one and the same
+file several names. There are also special device files for communication
+with the hardware device drivers of the kernel, and there are mount points
+to include other stores in the directory tree. Then there are obscure
+objects like fifos and hard links.</p>
+<p>
+Although these objects are very different, they share some common
+properties, for example, they have all an owner and a group associated with
+them as well as access rights (permissions). This information is written in
+inodes. This is a actually a further commonality: Every object has exactly
+one inode associated with it (hard links are somewhat special as they share
+one and the same inode). Sometimes, the inode has further information
+stored in it. For example, the inode can contain the target of a symbolic
+link.</p>
+<p>
+However, these commonalities are usually not exploited in the
+implementations, despite the common programming interface to them. All
+inodes can be accessed through the standard POSIX calls, for example
+<code>read()</code> and <code>write()</code>. For example, to add a new
+object type (for example a new link type) to a common monolithic unix
+kernel, you would need to modify the code for each filesystem
+seperately.</p>
+<p>
+In the Hurd, things work differently. Although in the Hurd a special
+filesystem server can exploit special properties of standard object types
+like links (in the ext2 filesystem with fast links, for example), it has a
+general interface to add such features without modifying existing code.</p>
+<p>
+The trick is to allow a program to be inserted between the actual content of
+a file and the user accessing this file. Such a program is called a
+translator, because it is able to process the incoming requests in many
+different ways. In other words, a translator is a Hurd server which provides
+the basic filesystem interface.</p>
+<p>
+Translators have very interesting properties. From the kernels point of
+view, they are just another user process. This means, translators can be run
+by any user. You don't need root priviligies to install or modify a
+translator, you only need the access rights for the underlying inode the
+translator is attached to. Many translators don't require an actual file to
+operate, they can provide information by their own means. This is why
+the information about translators is stored in the inode.</p>
+<p>
+Translators are responsible to serve all file system operations that involve
+the inode they are attached to. Because they are not restricted to the usual
+set of objects (device file, link etc), they are free to return anything
+that makes sense to the programmer. One could imagine a translator that
+behaves like a directory when accessed by <code>cd</code> or
+<code>ls</code> and at the same time behaves like a file when accessed by
+<code>cat</code>.</p>
+<h3><a href="#TOC_examples" name="examples">Examples</a></h3>
+<h4>Mount Points</h4>
+<p>
+A mount point can be seen as an inode that has a special translator attached
+to it. Its purpose would be to translate filesystem operations on the mount
+point in filesystem operations on another store, let's say, another
+partition.</p>
+<p>
+Indeed, this is how filesystems are implemented under the Hurd. A
+filesystem is a translator. This translator takes a store as its argument,
+and is able to serve all filesystem operations transparently.</p>
+<h4>Device Files</h4>
+<p>
+There are many different device files, and in systems with a monolithical
+kernel, they are all provided by the kernel itself. In the Hurd, all device
+files are provided by translators. One translator can provide support for
+many similar device files, for example all hard disk partitions. This way,
+the number of actual translators needed is quite small. However, note that
+for each device file accessed, a seperate translator task is started.
+Because the Hurd is heavily multi threaded, this is very cheap.</p>
+<p>
+When hardware is involved, a translator usually starts to communicate with
+the kernel to get the data from the hardware. However, if no hardware access
+is necessary, the kernel does not need to be involved. For example,
+<code>/dev/zero</code> does not require hardware access, and can therefore
+be implemented completely in user space.</p>
+<h4>Symbolic Links</h4>
+<p>
+A symbolic link can be seen as a translator. Accesing the symbolic link
+would start up the translator, which would forward the request to the
+filesystem that contains the file the link points to.</p>
+<p>
+However, for better performance, filesystems that have native support
+for symbolic links can take advantage of this feature and implement
+symbolic links differently. Internally, accessing a symbolic link would not
+start a new translator process. However, to the user, it would still look
+as if a passive translator is involved (see below for an explanation what a
+passsive translator is).</p>
+<p>
+Because the Hurd ships with a symlink translator, any filesystem server that
+provides support for translators automatically has support for symlinks (and
+firmlinks, and device files etc)! This means, you can get a working
+filesystem very fast, and add native support for symlinks and other features
+later.</p>
+<h3><a href="#TOC_actpas" name="actpas">Passive Translators, Active Translators</a></h3>
+<p>
+There are two types of translators, passive and active. They are really
+completely different things, so don't mix them up, but they have a close
+relation to each other.</p>
+<h4>Active Translators</h4>
+<p>
+An active translator is a running translator process, as introduced above.
+You can set and remove active translators using the
+<code>settrans -a</code></a>
+command. The <code>-a</code> option is necessary to tell
+<code>settrans</code> that you want to modify the active translator.</p>
+<p>
+The <code>settrans</code> command takes three kind of arguments. First, you
+can set options for the <code>settrans</code> command itself, like
+<code>-a</code> to modify the active translator. Then you set the inode you
+want to modify. Remember that a translator is always associated with an
+inode in the directory hierarchy. You can only modify one inode at a time.
+If you do not specify any more arguments, <code>settrans</code> will try to
+remove an existing translator. How hard it tries depends on the force
+options you specify (if the translator is in use by any process, you will
+get "device or resource busy" error message unless you force it to go away).</p>
+<p>
+But if you specify further arguments, it will be interpreted as a command
+line to run the translator. This means, the next argument is the filename of
+the translator executable. Further arguments are options to the translator,
+and not to the <code>settrans</code> command.</p>
+<p>
+For example, to mount an ext2fs partition, you can run
+<code>settrans -a -c /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd2s5</code>. The
+<code>-c</code> option will create the mount point for you if it doesn't
+exist already. This does not need to be a directory, by the way. To unmount,
+you would try <code>settrans -a /mnt</code>.</p>
+<h4>Passive Translators</h4>
+<p>
+A passive translator is set and modified with the same syntax as the active
+translator (just leave away the <code>-a</code>, so everything said above is
+true for passive translators, too. However, there is a difference: passive
+translators are not yet started.</p>
+<p>
+This makes sense, because this is what you usually want. You don't want the
+partition mounted unless you really access files on this partition. You
+don't want to bring up the network unless there is some traffic and so
+on.</p>
+<p>
+Instead, the first time the passive translator is accessed, it is
+automatically read out of the inode and an active translator is started on
+top of it using the command line that was stored in the inode. This is
+similar to the Linux automounter functionality. However, it does not come as
+an additional bonus that you have to set up manually, but an integral part of
+the system. So, setting passive translators defers starting the translator
+task until you really need it. By the way, if the active translator dies for
+some reason, the next time the inode is accessed the translator is
+restarted.</p>
+<p>
+There is a further difference: active translators can die or get lost. As
+soon as the active translator process is killed (for example, because you
+reboot the machine) it is lost forever. Passive translators are not transient
+and stay in the inode during reboots until you modify them with the
+<code>settrans</code> program or delete the inodes they are attached to.
+This means, you don't need to maintain a configuration file with your mount
+points.</p>
+<p>
+One last point: Even if you have set a passive translator, you can still
+set a different active translator. Only if the translator is automatically
+started because there was no active translator the time the inode was
+accessed the passive translator is considered.</p>
+<h3><a href="#TOC_manage" name="manage">Managing Translators</a></h3>
+<p>
+As mentioned above, you can use
+<code>settrans</code></a>
+to set and alter passive and active translators. There are a lot of options
+to change the behaviour of <code>settrans</code> in case something goes
+wrong, and to conditionalize its action. Here are some common usages:</p>
+<ul><li><code>settrans -c /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd2s5</code> mounts a
+partition, the translator will stay across reboots.</li>
+<li><code>settrans -a /mnt /hurd/ext2fs ~/dummy.fs</code> mounts a
+filesystem inside a data file, the translator will go away if it dies.</li>
+<li><code>settrans -fg /nfs-data</code> forces a translator to go away.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+You can use the <code>showtrans</code></a>
+command to see if a translator is attached to an inode. This will only show
+you the passive translator though.</p>
+<p>
+You can change the options of an active (filesystem) translator with
+<code>fsysopts</code> without actually restarting it. This is very
+convenient. For example, you can do what is called "remounting a
+partition read-only" under Linux simply by running <code>fsysopts
+/mntpoint --readonly</code>. The running active translator
+will change its behaviour according to your request if possible.
+<code>fsysopts /mntpoint</code> without a parameter shows you the current
+settings.</p>
+<h4>Examples</h4>
+<p>
+I recommend that you start by reading the <code>/bin/mount</code> command,
+it is only a small script. Because setting filesystem translators is
+similar to mounting partitions, you can easily grasp the concept this way.
+Make a file system image with <code>dd if=/dev/zero of=dummy.fs bs=1024k
+count=8; mke2fs dummy.fs</code> and "mount" it with <code>settrans -c dummy
+/hurd/ext2fs `pwd`/dummy.fs</code>. Note that the translator is not started
+yet, no new <code>ext2fs</code> process is running (verify with <code>ps
+Aux</code>). Check that everything is correct using <code>showtrans</code></p>
+<p>
+Now type <code>ls dummy</code> and you will notice the short delay that
+occurs while the translator is started. After that, there will be no more
+delays accessing dummy. Under Linux, one would say that you automounted a
+loop file system. Check with <code>ps Aux</code> that there is an <code>ext2fs
+dummy</code> process up and running now. Now put some files into the new
+directory. Try to make the filesystem read-only with <code>fsysopts</code>.
+Note how further write attempts fail now. Try to kill the active translator
+with <code>settrans -g</code>.</p>
+<p>
+You should have some understanding of what is going on now. Now remember
+that this was only <em>one</em> special server, the Hurd ext2fs server.
+There are many more server in the <code>hurd</code> directory. Some of them
+are for filesystems. Some are needed for file system features like links.
+Some are needed for device files. Some are useful for networking. Imagine
+"mounting" an FTP Server with <code>settrans</code> and downloading files
+simply with the standard <code>cp</code> command. Or editing your web sites
+with <code>emacs /ftp/homepage.my.server.org/index.html</code>!</p>
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 889f02a6..1a987b09 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ Also there is an [[writing/example]] about how to write a simple translator.
 
 See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 
+Marcus Brinkmann has written a document about [[documentation/translators]].
+
 
 # Existing Translators
 
diff --git a/whatis/translator.html b/whatis/translator.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 516d5049..00000000
--- a/whatis/translator.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN"
-	"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd">
-
-<HTML>
-	<HEAD>
-		<TITLE>GNU Hurd - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
-		<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org">
-	</HEAD>
-
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#000000" LINK="#8888EE" VLINK="#9F00DD" ALINK="#000088">
-<IMAGE SRC="/graphics/hurd_sm_mf_invert.jpg">
-<TABLE width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20">
-<TR>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
-<A HREF="../hurd.html#contents"><STRONG>The GNU Hurd</STRONG></A><BR>
-<p>
-<a href="/software/hurd/whatis/">Whatis?</a><br>
-<a href="/software/hurd/howto/">Howto?</a><br>
-</p>
-
-<P>
-<!---A HREF="mirrors.html#contents">Mirrors</A><BR--->
-<A HREF="../acknowledgements.html#contents">Acknowledgements</A><BR>
-<!---A HREF="copyright.html#contents">Copyright Notice</A--->
-</TD>
-<TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
-<A NAME="contents"><H1>GNU Hurd</H1></A>
-<h1>Translators</h1>
-<p class="author">By Marcus Brinkmann</p>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#concept" name="TOC_concept">Concept</a></li>
-<li><a href="#examples" name="TOC_examples">Examples</a></li>
-<li><a href="#actpas" name="TOC_actpas">Passive Translators, Active Translators</a></li>
-<li><a href="#manage" name="TOC_manage">Managing Translators</a></li>
-</ul>
-<h3><a href="#TOC_concept" name="concept">Concept</a></h3>
-<p>
-Before we take a closer look at translators, let us consider regular
-filesystems. A filesystem is store for a hierarchical tree of directories
-and files. You access directories and files by a special character string,
-the path. Furthermore, there are symbolic links to refer to one file at
-several places in the tree, there are hard links to give one and the same
-file several names. There are also special device files for communication
-with the hardware device drivers of the kernel, and there are mount points
-to include other stores in the directory tree. Then there are obscure
-objects like fifos and hard links.</p>
-<p>
-Although these objects are very different, they share some common
-properties, for example, they have all an owner and a group associated with
-them as well as access rights (permissions). This information is written in
-inodes. This is a actually a further commonality: Every object has exactly
-one inode associated with it (hard links are somewhat special as they share
-one and the same inode). Sometimes, the inode has further information
-stored in it. For example, the inode can contain the target of a symbolic
-link.</p>
-<p>
-However, these commonalities are usually not exploited in the
-implementations, despite the common programming interface to them. All
-inodes can be accessed through the standard POSIX calls, for example
-<code>read()</code> and <code>write()</code>. For example, to add a new
-object type (for example a new link type) to a common monolithic unix
-kernel, you would need to modify the code for each filesystem
-seperately.</p>
-<p>
-In the Hurd, things work differently. Although in the Hurd a special
-filesystem server can exploit special properties of standard object types
-like links (in the ext2 filesystem with fast links, for example), it has a
-general interface to add such features without modifying existing code.</p>
-<p>
-The trick is to allow a program to be inserted between the actual content of
-a file and the user accessing this file. Such a program is called a
-translator, because it is able to process the incoming requests in many
-different ways. In other words, a translator is a Hurd server which provides
-the basic filesystem interface.</p>
-<p>
-Translators have very interesting properties. From the kernels point of
-view, they are just another user process. This means, translators can be run
-by any user. You don't need root priviligies to install or modify a
-translator, you only need the access rights for the underlying inode the
-translator is attached to. Many translators don't require an actual file to
-operate, they can provide information by their own means. This is why
-the information about translators is stored in the inode.</p>
-<p>
-Translators are responsible to serve all file system operations that involve
-the inode they are attached to. Because they are not restricted to the usual
-set of objects (device file, link etc), they are free to return anything
-that makes sense to the programmer. One could imagine a translator that
-behaves like a directory when accessed by <code>cd</code> or
-<code>ls</code> and at the same time behaves like a file when accessed by
-<code>cat</code>.</p>
-<h3><a href="#TOC_examples" name="examples">Examples</a></h3>
-<h4>Mount Points</h4>
-<p>
-A mount point can be seen as an inode that has a special translator attached
-to it. Its purpose would be to translate filesystem operations on the mount
-point in filesystem operations on another store, let's say, another
-partition.</p>
-<p>
-Indeed, this is how filesystems are implemented under the Hurd. A
-filesystem is a translator. This translator takes a store as its argument,
-and is able to serve all filesystem operations transparently.</p>
-<h4>Device Files</h4>
-<p>
-There are many different device files, and in systems with a monolithical
-kernel, they are all provided by the kernel itself. In the Hurd, all device
-files are provided by translators. One translator can provide support for
-many similar device files, for example all hard disk partitions. This way,
-the number of actual translators needed is quite small. However, note that
-for each device file accessed, a seperate translator task is started.
-Because the Hurd is heavily multi threaded, this is very cheap.</p>
-<p>
-When hardware is involved, a translator usually starts to communicate with
-the kernel to get the data from the hardware. However, if no hardware access
-is necessary, the kernel does not need to be involved. For example,
-<code>/dev/zero</code> does not require hardware access, and can therefore
-be implemented completely in user space.</p>
-<h4>Symbolic Links</h4>
-<p>
-A symbolic link can be seen as a translator. Accesing the symbolic link
-would start up the translator, which would forward the request to the
-filesystem that contains the file the link points to.</p>
-<p>
-However, for better performance, filesystems that have native support
-for symbolic links can take advantage of this feature and implement
-symbolic links differently. Internally, accessing a symbolic link would not
-start a new translator process. However, to the user, it would still look
-as if a passive translator is involved (see below for an explanation what a
-passsive translator is).</p>
-<p>
-Because the Hurd ships with a symlink translator, any filesystem server that
-provides support for translators automatically has support for symlinks (and
-firmlinks, and device files etc)! This means, you can get a working
-filesystem very fast, and add native support for symlinks and other features
-later.</p>
-<h3><a href="#TOC_actpas" name="actpas">Passive Translators, Active Translators</a></h3>
-<p>
-There are two types of translators, passive and active. They are really
-completely different things, so don't mix them up, but they have a close
-relation to each other.</p>
-<h4>Active Translators</h4>
-<p>
-An active translator is a running translator process, as introduced above.
-You can set and remove active translators using the
-<a href="reference-manual/hurd_7.html#SEC49"><code>settrans -a</code></a>
-command. The <code>-a</code> option is necessary to tell
-<code>settrans</code> that you want to modify the active translator.</p>
-<p>
-The <code>settrans</code> command takes three kind of arguments. First, you
-can set options for the <code>settrans</code> command itself, like
-<code>-a</code> to modify the active translator. Then you set the inode you
-want to modify. Remember that a translator is always associated with an
-inode in the directory hierarchy. You can only modify one inode at a time.
-If you do not specify any more arguments, <code>settrans</code> will try to
-remove an existing translator. How hard it tries depends on the force
-options you specify (if the translator is in use by any process, you will
-get "device or resource busy" error message unless you force it to go away).</p>
-<p>
-But if you specify further arguments, it will be interpreted as a command
-line to run the translator. This means, the next argument is the filename of
-the translator executable. Further arguments are options to the translator,
-and not to the <code>settrans</code> command.</p>
-<p>
-For example, to mount an ext2fs partition, you can run
-<code>settrans -a -c /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd2s5</code>. The
-<code>-c</code> option will create the mount point for you if it doesn't
-exist already. This does not need to be a directory, by the way. To unmount,
-you would try <code>settrans -a /mnt</code>.</p>
-<h4>Passive Translators</h4>
-<p>
-A passive translator is set and modified with the same syntax as the active
-translator (just leave away the <code>-a</code>, so everything said above is
-true for passive translators, too. However, there is a difference: passive
-translators are not yet started.</p>
-<p>
-This makes sense, because this is what you usually want. You don't want the
-partition mounted unless you really access files on this partition. You
-don't want to bring up the network unless there is some traffic and so
-on.</p>
-<p>
-Instead, the first time the passive translator is accessed, it is
-automatically read out of the inode and an active translator is started on
-top of it using the command line that was stored in the inode. This is
-similar to the Linux automounter functionality. However, it does not come as
-an additional bonus that you have to set up manually, but an integral part of
-the system. So, setting passive translators defers starting the translator
-task until you really need it. By the way, if the active translator dies for
-some reason, the next time the inode is accessed the translator is
-restarted.</p>
-<p>
-There is a further difference: active translators can die or get lost. As
-soon as the active translator process is killed (for example, because you
-reboot the machine) it is lost forever. Passive translators are not transient
-and stay in the inode during reboots until you modify them with the
-<code>settrans</code> program or delete the inodes they are attached to.
-This means, you don't need to maintain a configuration file with your mount
-points.</p>
-<p>
-One last point: Even if you have set a passive translator, you can still
-set a different active translator. Only if the translator is automatically
-started because there was no active translator the time the inode was
-accessed the passive translator is considered.</p>
-<h3><a href="#TOC_manage" name="manage">Managing Translators</a></h3>
-<p>
-As mentioned above, you can use
-<a href="reference-manual/hurd_7.html#SEC49"><code>settrans</code></a>
-to set and alter passive and active translators. There are a lot of options
-to change the behaviour of <code>settrans</code> in case something goes
-wrong, and to conditionalize its action. Here are some common usages:</p>
-<ul><li><code>settrans -c /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd2s5</code> mounts a
-partition, the translator will stay across reboots.</li>
-<li><code>settrans -a /mnt /hurd/ext2fs ~/dummy.fs</code> mounts a
-filesystem inside a data file, the translator will go away if it dies.</li>
-<li><code>settrans -fg /nfs-data</code> forces a translator to go away.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>
-You can use the <a href="hurd-doc-utils#showtrans"><code>showtrans</code></a>
-command to see if a translator is attached to an inode. This will only show
-you the passive translator though.</p>
-<p>
-You can change the options of an active (filesystem) translator with
-<code>fsysopts</code> without actually restarting it. This is very
-convenient. For example, you can do what is called "remounting a
-partition read-only" under Linux simply by running <code>fsysopts
-/mntpoint --readonly</code>. The running active translator
-will change its behaviour according to your request if possible.
-<code>fsysopts /mntpoint</code> without a parameter shows you the current
-settings.</p>
-<h4>Examples</h4>
-<p>
-I recommend that you start by reading the <code>/bin/mount</code> command,
-it is only a small script. Because setting filesystem translators is
-similar to mounting partitions, you can easily grasp the concept this way.
-Make a file system image with <code>dd if=/dev/zero of=dummy.fs bs=1024k
-count=8; mke2fs dummy.fs</code> and "mount" it with <code>settrans -c dummy
-/hurd/ext2fs `pwd`/dummy.fs</code>. Note that the translator is not started
-yet, no new <code>ext2fs</code> process is running (verify with <code>ps
-Aux</code>). Check that everything is correct using <code>showtrans</code></p>
-<p>
-Now type <code>ls dummy</code> and you will notice the short delay that
-occurs while the translator is started. After that, there will be no more
-delays accessing dummy. Under Linux, one would say that you automounted a
-loop file system. Check with <code>ps Aux</code> that there is an <code>ext2fs
-dummy</code> process up and running now. Now put some files into the new
-directory. Try to make the filesystem read-only with <code>fsysopts</code>.
-Note how further write attempts fail now. Try to kill the active translator
-with <code>settrans -g</code>.</p>
-<p>
-You should have some understanding of what is going on now. Now remember
-that this was only <em>one</em> special server, the Hurd ext2fs server.
-There are many more server in the <code>hurd</code> directory. Some of them
-are for filesystems. Some are needed for file system features like links.
-Some are needed for device files. Some are useful for networking. Imagine
-"mounting" an FTP Server with <code>settrans</code> and downloading files
-simply with the standard <code>cp</code> command. Or editing your web sites
-with <code>emacs /ftp/homepage.my.server.org/index.html</code>!</p>
-
-<HR>
-
-Return to <A HREF="/home.html" TARGET="_parent">GNU's home page</A>.
-<P>
-
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries &amp; questions to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-There are also <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo" TARGET="_parent">other ways to
-contact</A> the FSF.
-<P>
-
-Please send comments on these web pages to
-
-<A HREF="mailto:web-hurd@gnu.org"><EM>web-hurd@gnu.org</EM></A>,
-send other questions to
-<A HREF="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111,  USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.<P>
-Updated:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
-$Date$ $Author$
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-</TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f0a012de3139ce8e589d8d8bee23ee3a64a2f818 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 13:17:45 +0100
Subject: Change/remove some no-longer-valid links.

---
 Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn |  4 ----
 contributing.mdwn            |  4 ++--
 hurd.mdwn                    |  4 ++--
 hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn  |  2 +-
 news/2002-03-23.mdwn         |  5 ++---
 news/2002-10-03.mdwn         |  4 ++--
 news/2006-04-27.mdwn         |  6 +++---
 news/2007-01-07.mdwn         | 10 ++++------
 news/2007-03-14.mdwn         |  6 +++---
 9 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn b/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn
index 227e9275..0c2e5741 100644
--- a/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn
+++ b/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn
@@ -59,7 +59,3 @@ hurd:~/ftp# cd 128.101.80.131
 ## <a name="Articles_about_translators"> Articles about translators </a>
 
 * [The GNU Hurd - Translators by Gael le Mignot](http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/pres-en/html/node8.html)
-
-* [Translators by Marcus Brinkmann](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/whatis/translator.html)
-
--- [[Main/LucasNussbaum]] - 28 Feb 2004
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index f1003389..aac255bd 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ For one there's the implementation of the *[[Hurd]] running on the
 [[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] microkernel*.  This is what is commonly
 meant when people are talking about GNU/Hurd systems.
 
-This system has mostly been designed and implemented [in the
-'90s](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/history.html).  It works and is usable.
+This system has mostly been designed and implemented
+[[in_the_'90s|hurd/history]].  It works and is usable.
 For example, these web pages are rendered on a [GNU/Hurd
 system](http://www.bddebian.com/cgi-bin/uptime).
 
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 3c65bb4e..e7f0ac92 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 # Understanding
 
 * Introductory Material
-  * [Marcus Brinkmann](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-talk.html)
+  * [[Documentation]]
   * [Gaël Le Mignot](http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/pres-en/slides/slides.html)
 * Architecture
-  * [Towards a New Strategy of OS Design](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html) by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
+  * [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|documentation/hurd-paper]] by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
       * Marcus Brinkmann's [revisit](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00651.html)
       * Jonathan S. Shapiro [comments](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00654.html)
   * [[Critique]] - Analysis
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn
index caad950b..7b5b07b1 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@ W3
 
 Sources:
 
-* <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/howto/subhurd.html>
+* [[subhurd/running_a_subhurd]]
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-02/msg00030.html>
 * [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]'s mind
diff --git a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
index 2f36271b..9820b8c5 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Added <A HREF="/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html">The Hurd
-Hacking Guide</A> to the documentation section.  Thanks to Wolfgang
-J&auml;hrling for providing this introduction into GNU/Hurd and Mach
+Added the [[hurd/Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] to the documentation section.  Thanks to
+Wolfgang Jährling for providing this introduction into GNU/Hurd and Mach
 programming!
diff --git a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
index 8696a43e..40f4e1b6 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-A new article about <A HREF="/software/hurd/auth.html">the authentication
-server</A> has been added to the web pages.  It resembles the talk
+A new article about [[the_authentication_server|hurd/documentation/auth]]
+has been added to the web pages.  It resembles the talk
 about the same topic which was given at the Libre Software Meeting,
 therefore the target audience is mostly programmers which want to learn
 about the details of authentication in the Hurd.
diff --git a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
index 86073ca5..dc52c527 100644
--- a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
+++ b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Summer of Code</strong>, under the aegis of the GNU project.</p>
 
 <p>The following is a list of items you might want to work on.  If you want to
 modify or extend these tasks or have your own ideas what to work on, please
-feel invited to contact us on the <a
-href="/software/hurd/help.html#TOCmail">bug-hurd mailing list</a> or the <a
-href="/software/hurd/help.html#TOCirc">#hurd IRC channel</a>.</p>
+feel invited to contact us on the
+[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] or
+the [[#hurd_IRC_channel|irc]].</p>
 
 <ul>
 
diff --git a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
index 7621ebde..75eb7d01 100644
--- a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-A number of GNU&nbsp;Hurd developers will again (as already in the previous
-years) meet at the time of the FOSDEM&nbsp;2007, which will take place from
-2007-02-24 to 25 in Brussels, Belgium.
-<a href="http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/community/meetings/fosdem_2007/">This
-wiki page</a> has some details.  <a href="/software/hurd/help.html">Contact
-us</a> if you are interested in meeting with us.
+A number of GNU Hurd developers will again (as already in the previous years)
+meet at the time of the FOSDEM 2007, which will take place from 2007-02-24 to
+25 in Brussels, Belgium.  [[This_wiki_page|community/meetings/fosdem_2007]] has
+some details.  [[Contact_us]] if you are interested in meeting with us.
diff --git a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
index 989afedc..3b1b2ad3 100644
--- a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Summer of Code</strong>, under the aegis of the GNU project.</p>
 
 <p>The following is a list of items you might want to work on.  If you want to
 modify these task proposals or have your own ideas on what to work, then please
-don't hesitate to contact us on the <a
-href="/software/hurd/help.html#mail">bug-hurd mailing list</a> or the <a
-href="/software/hurd/help.html#irc">#hurd IRC channel</a>.</p>
+don't hesitate to contact us on the
+[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] or
+the [[#hurd_IRC_channel|irc]].</p>
 
 <ul>
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 41fb1572181d5e424699e3e81c6400bb5ddc6464 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2008 00:50:24 +0100
Subject: libgcc trunk has been fixed.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 ---
 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 12982253..cc188c6d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@ integrated.
       * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
         mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
 
-  * [Port libgcc's configury for
-    \*-\*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html)
-
 
 Additionally:
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 600da8ba360ed602811945c1942c87f0618d6227 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2008 00:52:22 +0100
Subject: Continuation of ``[PATCH] GNU/Hurd target configuration''.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index cc188c6d..3f90b462 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ integrated.
           * [\[PATCH\] GNU/Hurd target
             configuration](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00344.html)
 
+              * Continuation: [\[PATCH\] GNU/Hurd target
+                configuration](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-11/msg00341.html)
+
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4d11e61c25531ad6373fcc2ac5ef1f75eef8c0dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 01:18:55 +0100
Subject: GCC: One fixed on trunk and one for later.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 16 ++++------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 3f90b462..937baf96 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -17,24 +17,16 @@ integrated.
   * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
     \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
 
-      * [\[4.2/4.3/4.4 Regression\] GNU Hurd bootstrap error: 'OPTION\_GLIBC'
-        undeclared](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=28102)
-
-          * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
-            GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
-
-          * [\[PATCH\] GNU/Hurd target
-            configuration](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00344.html)
-
-              * Continuation: [\[PATCH\] GNU/Hurd target
-                configuration](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-11/msg00341.html)
-
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
       * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
         mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
 
+  * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
+    GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
+
+
 
 Additionally:
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5c0109d73eea1ff2d9beb33324683acdd78cca97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 01:31:13 +0100
Subject: GCC: Link to gcc-patches message for MAXPATHLEN usage in tlink.c.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 937baf96..73134e70 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ integrated.
   * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
     \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
 
+      * [\[PATCH\] for PR driver/21706 -- MAXPATHLEN usage in
+        \[gcc\]/gcc/tlink.c](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-11/msg00611.html)
+
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2341416e79e4375eb2724203fed0b48d44e2504e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 02:18:26 +0100
Subject: GCC: Two further mailing list links.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 73134e70..c359374c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ integrated.
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
+      * [\[PATCH\] build system:
+        gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00425.html)
+
+          * Continuation: [\[PATCH\] build system:
+            gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-11/msg00614.html)
+
       * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
         mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2f43c2b1b4c1b8b52a222954de3ba53e149cea82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 10:35:05 +0100
Subject: GCC: gcc_cv_libc_provides_ssp has been ``fixed'' (worked around).

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 10 ++--------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index c359374c..3744f6ee 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -23,14 +23,8 @@ integrated.
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-      * [\[PATCH\] build system:
-        gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00425.html)
-
-          * Continuation: [\[PATCH\] build system:
-            gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-11/msg00614.html)
-
-      * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
-        mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
+  * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
+    mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
 
   * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
     GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e8eb5a1f9a5082f3f8c450a1a7cd115a3c03fc22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:37:26 +0100
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: Remove a now-obsolete comment.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 11 -----------
 1 file changed, 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index e548c75c..81303b0a 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -245,17 +245,6 @@ technique when doing major changes to the source trees, like switching from GCC
 4.0 to GCC 4.1.
 
 
-#### Comment
-
-Unfortunately the GNU Automake build system (which is used by GNU Mach's
-`gnumach-1-branch`) will overwrite installed files (header files in this case
-here), even if they didn't change.  And because all packages' build systems are
-using dependency tracking, a lot of files will be rebuilt each time `cross-gnu`
-is re-run, even if the files themselves didn't change.  Talk to [[tschwinge]]
-if you want to work on fixing that -- it is already clear what needs to be
-done, it just hasn't been done yet.
-
-
 # References
 
 * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1de4ec0bcfad92dfa0b7cf69919d56c0dca4cb7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:54:07 +0100
Subject: Revert "microkernel/mach/gnumach -> microkernel/mach/gnu_mach"

This reverts commit ae9e4e22a7ce8b2b56e98ff1708c2e8d42eefd69.  I've changed my
mind again.  Also resolve conflicts and adapt all new uses of the path.
---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn                  |   6 +-
 contributing.mdwn                                  |   6 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                 |   2 +-
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn                             |   2 +-
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                                 |   2 +-
 hurd/running.mdwn                                  |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach.mdwn                              |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn                     |  80 --------
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn          | 222 ---------------------
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn            | 114 -----------
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn    |  54 -----
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn           |  68 -------
 .../mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn | 111 -----------
 .../hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn    |   4 -
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn         |  19 --
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn               |  15 --
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn           |  78 --------
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn |  14 --
 .../ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn        | 105 ----------
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn            | 129 ------------
 .../mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn  | 121 -----------
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn  |  13 --
 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn    |  26 ---
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                      |  80 ++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn           | 222 +++++++++++++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn             | 114 +++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn     |  54 +++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn            |  68 +++++++
 .../mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn  | 111 +++++++++++
 .../hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn    |   4 +
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn          |  19 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                |  15 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn            |  78 ++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn  |  14 ++
 .../ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn        | 105 ++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn             | 129 ++++++++++++
 .../mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn   | 121 +++++++++++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn   |  13 ++
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn     |  26 +++
 microkernel/mach/history.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn            |   2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn         |   2 +-
 news/2008-11-14.mdwn                               |   2 +-
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |   2 +-
 45 files changed, 1190 insertions(+), 1190 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index 8f2fe385..c4b665b7 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ GSoC 2008. He is still working on some outstanding issues.
 
 Although a driver framework in userspace would be desirable, presently the Hurd
 uses kernel drivers in the microkernel,
-[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]. (And changing this would be far beyond a
+[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]. (And changing this would be far beyond a
 GSoC project...)
 
 The problem is that the drivers in GNU Mach are presently old Linux drivers
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ pthreads.
 
 The Hurd presently has no sound support.  Fixing this, [[GNU_Savannah_task
 5485]], requires two steps: the first is to port some other kernel's drivers to
-[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] so we can get access to actual sound
+[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] so we can get access to actual sound
 hardware.  The second is to implement a userspace server ([[hurd/translator]]),
 that implements an interface on top of the kernel device that can be used by
 applications -- probably OSS or maybe ALSA.
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ directories and attaching other translators.
 
 Although there are some attempts to move to a more modern microkernel
 alltogether, the current Hurd implementation is based on
-[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]], which is only a slightly modified
+[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]], which is only a slightly modified
 variant of the original CMU [[microkernel/Mach]].
 
 Unfortunately, Mach was created about two decades ago, and is in turn based on
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index aac255bd..a647382a 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ There are essential two kinds of Hurd system designs.
 ## Hurd on Mach
 
 For one there's the implementation of the *[[Hurd]] running on the
-[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] microkernel*.  This is what is commonly
+[[GNU_Mach_microkernel|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]*.  This is what is commonly
 meant when people are talking about GNU/Hurd systems.
 
 This system has mostly been designed and implemented
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|hurd/open_issues]] for the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]].
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU Mach
 
-Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues]] for
-[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]].
+Here is a [[list_of_open_issues|microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues]] for
+[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]].
 
 ### Open Issues: GNU MIG
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 81303b0a..b007928c 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
         `gcc-4_3-branch` needs.
         -->
 
-* `src/gnumach`: [[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]
+* `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
     * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
 
diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
index c4f80ff9..342410dd 100644
--- a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 # Essential Documentation
 
 * [[FAQ]]
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
 
 # Forums
 
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 3de42be3..ab649ebc 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
-[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
+[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
 device node below `/dev`...
 
 # Available Stores
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 78815099..162bc9ea 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
 * [[Live_CD]]
 * [[QEMU]] - In QEMU
 * [[vmware]] (**non-free!**)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
index 9d3289b4..39d0f4d2 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ microkernel currently used by the [[Hurd]].
 
 # Implementations
 
-* [[GNU_Mach]]
+* [[GNU_Mach|gnumach]]
 * [[Mach/OskitMach]] - A Once Successor of Mach based on OSKit
 * [Apple's Darwin](http://developer.apple.com/darwin/) ([API](http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/KernelProgramming/index.html)) (**non-free**)
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index f6f2eb79..b4187f78 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
   - [Meet Mach](http://www.stepwise.com/Articles/Technical/MeetMach.html), a
     summary of Mach's history and main concepts.
 
-  * *[[The_GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnu_mach/reference_manual]]*.
+  * *[[The_GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnumach/reference_manual]]*.
 
   - OSF's [Kernel Interface (ps)](ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/doc/osf/kernel_interface.ps)
     [Kernel Interface (pdf)](http://shakthimaan.com/downloads/hurd/kernel_interface.pdf) 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 19e1ea53..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-GNU Mach is the microkernel that the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]] system is based on.
-
-It is maintained by the Hurd developers for the GNU project and remains
-compatible with [[Mach]] 3.0.
-
-The majority of GNU Mach's [[device_driver]]s are from Linux 2.0.  They were
-added using glue code, i.e., a Linux [[emulation]] layer in Mach.
-
-GNU Mach runs on x86 machines.  See the
-[[hardware_compatibility_list]] and information about
-[[ports]] to other architectures.
-
-
-# Advantages of GNU Mach
-
-GNU Mach is not the most advanced [[microkernel]] known to the planet, nor is
-it the fastest or smallest, but it has a rich set of [[interface]]s and some
-features which make it useful as the base of the [[Hurd]] system.
-
-  * **it's free software**
-    
-    Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of the
-    [[GNU_General_Public_License_(GPL)|gpl]].
-
-  * **it's built to survive**
-    
-    As a [[microkernel]], GNU Mach doesn't implement a lot of the features
-    commonly found in an operating system, but only the bare minimum that is
-    required to implement a full operating system on top of it.  This means
-    that a lot of the operating system code is maintained outside of GNU Mach,
-    and while this code may go through a complete redesign, the code of the
-    microkernel can remain comparatively stable.
-
-  * **it's scalable**
-    
-    Mach is particularly well suited for SMP and network cluster techniques.
-    Thread support is provided at the kernel level, and the kernel itself takes
-    advantage of that.  Network transparency at the [[IPC]] level makes
-    resources of the system available across machine boundaries (with NORMA
-    IPC, currently not available in GNU Mach).
-
-  * **it exists**
-    
-    The Mach microkernel is real software that works Right Now.  It is not a
-    research or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can start
-    using and developing it.  Mach has been used in many operating systems in
-    the past, usually as the base for a single UNIX server.  In the GNU system,
-    Mach is the base of a functional multi-server operating system, the
-    [[Hurd]].
-
-
-# Booting
-
-To actually use the kernel and boot the GNU operating system, you need a boot
-loader.  Not all boot loaders are capable to boot the GNU system, you need one
-that supports the multiboot standard.  The bootloader of the GNU system is
-[[GNU_GRUB|grub]], which supports a broad range of operating systems including
-GNU/Hurd.
-
-
-# Development
-
-  * [[Reference_Manual]]
-  * [[Building]]
-  * [[Debugging]]
-  * [[Boot_Trace]]
-  * [[Projects]]
-      * [[Rules]]
-      * [[Open_Issues]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index a08384f0..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/boot_trace.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-`if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
-
-
-> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: \_start
-
-> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: boot\_entry
-
->> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: c\_boot\_entry
-
->>> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: discover\_x86\_cpu\_type
-
->>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: i386at\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/pic.c: picinit
-
->>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: mem\_size\_init
-
->>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_bootstrap
-
->>>> i386/i386/gdt.c: gdt\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/idt.c: idt\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386at/int\_init.c: int\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/ldt.c: ldt\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386/ktss.c: ktss\_init
-
->>> kern/startup.c: setup\_main
-
->>>> kern/debug.c: panic\_init
-
->>>> kern/printf.c: printf\_init
-
->>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_init
-
->>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: wait\_queue\_init
-
->>>>> kern/processor.c: pset\_sys\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> kern/ast.c: ast\_init
-
->>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_bootstrap
-
->>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: pmap\_startup
-
->>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_bootstrap
-
->>>>>> vm/vm\_external.c: vm\_external\_module\_initialize
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_map.c: vm\_map\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_kern.c: kmem\_init
-
->>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_init
-
->>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_init
-
->>>>> kern/kalloc.c: kalloc\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_fault.c: vm\_fault\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_module\_init
-
->>>>> vm/memory\_object.c: memory\_manager\_default\_init
-
->>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_bootstrap
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_table.c: ipc\_table\_init
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_notify.c: ipc\_notify\_init
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_hash.c: ipc\_hash\_init
-
->>>>> ipc/ipc\_marequest.c: ipc\_marequest\_init
-
->>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_init
-
->>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_init
-
->>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_init
-
->>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_host\_init
-
->>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_init
-
->>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_enable
-
->>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_processor\_init
-
->>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
-
->>>> kern/timer.c: init\_timers
-
->>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: init\_timeout
-
->>>> kern/xpr.c: xprbootstrap
-
->>>> kern/time\_stamp.c: timestamp\_init
-
->>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: mapable\_time\_init
-
->>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: machine\_init
-
->>>>> device/cons.c: cninit
-
->>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: init\_fpu
-
->>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: linux\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: init\_IRQ
-
->>>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: reserve\_mach\_irqs
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/kernel/sched.c: linux\_sched\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: calibrate\_delay
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/glue/kmem.c: linux\_kmem\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: pci\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: scan\_bus
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_fixup
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/glue/net.c: linux\_net\_emulation\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/genhd.c: device\_setup
-
->>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/block.c: blk\_dev\_init
-
->>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/block/ide.c: ide\_init
-
->>>>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/floppy.c: floppy\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/scsi/scsi.c: scsi\_dev\_init
-
->>>>>>> linux/dev/net/core/dev.c: net\_dev\_init
-
->>>>>> linux/pcmcia-cs/glue/pcmcia.c: pcmcia\_init
-
->>>>> i386/i386at/autoconf.c: probeio
-
->>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: inittodr
-
->>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_unmap\_page\_zero
-
->>>> kern/task.c: task\_init
-
->>>>> kern/syscall\_emulation.c: eml\_init
-
->>>> kern/thread.c: thread\_init
-
->>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: pcb\_module\_init
-
->>>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: fpu\_module\_init
-
->>>>>> i386/i386/iopb.c: iopb\_init
-
->>>> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapper\_init
-
->>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: recompute\_priorities
-
->>>> kern/mach\_factor.c: compute\_mach\_factor
-
->>>> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
-
-[...]
-
->>>> kern/startup.c: cpu\_launch\_first\_thread
-
->>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: startrtclock
-
->>>>>> i386/i386/pit.c: clkstart
-
->>>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
-
->>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: load\_context
-
-[...]
-
-> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
-
-> Threads get created.
-
->> kern/sched\_prim.c: idle\_thread
-
->> One for each CPU.
-
->> kern/thread.c: reaper\_thread 
-
->> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapin\_thread
-
->> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_thread
-
->> [...]
-
->> kern/bootstrap.c: bootstrap\_create
-
->> [...]
-
->> vm\_pageout
-
->> Does not return.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 014d3e87..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-Additional to the following text, a further [[example]] has be posted.
-
-
-# Building [[GNU_Mach]] from Source
-
-If you want to build the [[GNU_Mach]] kernel yourself instead of just using a
-pre-built binary, follow these instructions.
-
-The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (with all drivers
-enabled) is around 50 MiB.
-
-## Getting the Source Code
-
-### Developers's RCS
-
-See <http://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd>.
-
-    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
-
-(Most probably you want to get hold of the *GNU Mach 1 branch* and not the
-trunk, which is also what we've done above.)
-
-You then have to create the automatically generatable files:
-
-    $ ( cd gnumach && autoreconf --install )
-
-### What Debian is currently using
-
-See [here](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/gnumach).
-
-    $ apt-get source gnumach
-
-Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using `apt-get source`.
-
-## Preparing for the Build
-
-### ... on Debian systems
-
-Building GNU Mach requires the *build-essential* and *fakeroot* packages, their
-dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source gnumach
-package:
-
-    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
-    # apt-get build-dep gnumach
-
-### ... on non-Debian systems
-
-Apart from the case that you only want to install GNU Mach's header files (see
-below), building GNU Mach requires you to have the Mach Interface Generator
-installed.  See [[building_MIG|mig/gnu_mig/building]] about how to do that, then come
-back here.
-
-Additionally, building GNU Mach requires a C compiler, a standard C library and
-your favourite flavor of awk (gawk) and GNU make.
-
-## Building and Installing
-
-### ... Debian `.deb` files
-
-Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked GNU Mach sources, e.g.
-
-    $ cd gnumach-20050801
-
-Start the build process with
-
-    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b -rfakeroot
-
-[[GNU_Mach]] is now building.  To use the new kernel, you must install the
-resulting `.deb` package which is located one directory above the build
-directory and has a similar name as the build directory, e.g.
-
-    # dpkg -i ../gnumach_20050801-4_hurd-i386.deb
-
-You can now reboot your computer and enjoy the new kernel.
-
-### [TODO]
-
-GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
-
-    $ mkdir gnumach-build
-    $ cd gnumach-build
-
-Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
-it:
-
-    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure [TODO]
-
-Build the kernel image:
-
-    $ make gnumach.gz
-
-Optionally run the (tiny) test suite:
-
-    $ make check
-
-You can then install and use `gnumach.gz`.
-
-[TODO.]
-
-### Installing only the Header Files
-
-GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
-
-    $ mkdir gnumach-build
-    $ cd gnumach-build
-
-Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
-it:
-
-    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure --prefix=
-
-Install the header files into e.g. `~/gnu/include/`:
-
-    $ make DESTDIR=~/gnu install-data
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 6da05c5b..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/building/example.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-## Compiling GNU Mach microkernel
-
-Host development system is IBM T41 running Debian Sarge 3.1r0a GNU/Linux.
-
-* gcc version: 3.3.5
-* GNU sed version: 4.1.2
-* GNU make version: 3.8
-* mig version: 1.3-4
-
-Obtained gnumach-1-branch sources from cvs:
-
-    export CVS_RSH="ssh"
-    cvs -z3 -d:ext:anoncvs@ savannah.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
-
-Obtained mig_1.3-4_i386.deb from
-http://www.hadrons.org/~guillem/debian/pool/main/mig/. Installed it using dpkg:
-
-    dpkg -i mig_1.3-4_i386.deb
-
-Entered into the gnumach sources and did the following for compilation:
-
-    mkdir build
-    cd build
-    ../configure --host=i386-unknown-gnu0.2 --build=i586-pc-linux-gnu \
-      --enable-kdb --enable-ide
-    make
-
-The kernel file is created in the build directory.  Move it to /boot on the
-testing x86 system Hurd partition.  Rename it as gnumach1 and compress it:
-
-    mv kernel gnumach1
-    gzip gnumach1
-
-Add a new entry on the testing machine /boot/grub/menu.lst to boot the new
-kernel.
-
-    title GNU Hurd K10 Compiled gnumach
-    kernel (hd0,3)/boot/gnumach1.gz root=device:hd2s4 -s
-    module (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static--multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \\
-      --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} \\
-      --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create)$(task-resume)
-    module (hd0,3)/lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-Reboot into the new compiled mygnumach1.gz kernel!
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fa2a9d42..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/debugging.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
-[Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
-
-
-When you're [[running_a_system_in_QEMU|hurd/running/qemu]] you can directly
-[use GDB on the running
-kernel](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
-
-
-Alternatively you can use an approach like this one: add the following code
-snippet to `device/ds_routines.c`'s `ds_device_open` function, right at the top
-of the function, and modify the code as needed.
-
-      void D (char *s)
-      {
-        switch (s[0] - '0')
-          {
-          case 0:
-           printf ("Hello from %s!\n", __FUNCTION__);
-           break;
-          case 1:
-           printf ("%s: Invoking task_collect_scan.\n", __FUNCTION__);
-           extern void task_collect_scan (void);
-           task_collect_scan ();
-           break;
-          default:
-           printf ("No idea what you want me to do.\n");
-           break;
-          }
-      }
-    
-      if (name && name[0] == 'D')
-        D (name + 1);
-
-Then boot your system and do something like this:
-
-    # devprobe D0
-    Hello from D!
-    # devprobe D1
-    D: Invoking task_collect_scan.
-    # devprobe D2
-    No idea what you want me to do.
-
-This is especially useful if you need to manually trigger some stuff inside the
-running kernel, as with the *D1* example.
-
-
-If you're doing real low level debugging, you might want to put variations of
-the following snipped into the code, this code will write a `#` character at
-line `[LINE]`, column `[COLUMN]` on the screen:
-
-    *((char *) 0xb8000 + 2 * ([LINE] * 80 + [COLUMN])) = '#';
-    halt_cpu ();
-
-The call of `halt_cpu` will -- as the name suggests -- halt the system
-afterwards.  This might be what you want or it might not, but it is needed at
-some place when running the kernel inside QEMU, as QEMU somehow decides not to
-update its display buffer anymore under certain conditions.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 09882467..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# CPU Architecture
-
-GNU Mach current only supports the `x86` (alias `ia32` or `i386`) architecture.
-
-`amd64`/`ix64` should work in `32-bit` compatibility mode. However, in practice
-`amd64` systems seem to be troublesome more often than not. This is probably
-related to the same (chipset-related) problems we often see with recent
-machines; but it seems that `amd64` ones use problematic chipsets particularily
-often. So far we haven't heard of similar problems with Intel's eqivalent
-`ix64` (or `EM64T` as it used to be called) -- but maybe that just means fewer
-people tried running the Hurd on such machines :-)
-
-Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
-[Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
-only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
-
-Read about further [[ports]].
-
-# Memory
-
-GNU Mach will use a maximum of 1 GiB of RAM.  If your system has more,
-the surplus will silently be ignored.  (In past times, this would hinder GNU
-Mach from booting at all, but this has been fixed, so you no longer need to
-apply GRUB's `uppermem` directive.)
-
-# Video Cards
-
-Debian distributes a version of [X.org](http://x.org/).  If your video card driver
-depends on a special kernel interface such as that provided by
-the `agpgart` kernel module for the Linux kernel, then your video
-card will only be supported by the VESA driver.
-
-Using an internal i815 videocard [won't
-work](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00007.html) (at least when
-using the specialized driver), because of [missing AGP GART support in GNU
-Mach](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00011.html).
-
-# Sound
-
-No sound cards are supported at this time.
-
-# USB 1.1/2.0
-
-USB is not supported at this time.
-
-However, USB-type keyboards and mice may (and have been reported to) work
-nevertheless, given that the hardware / BIOS is doing emulation to the
-supported legacy interfaces.
-
-# IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
-
-IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
-
-# Storage
-
-All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
-e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space.  If you find a specific IDE
-drive that does not work, make a note of the model and technical specifications
-here.
-
-[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
-<!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
-
-[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
-This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
-couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
-compatibility mode:
-
-    start (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static: (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static
-    device:hd0s4: No such device or address
-
-There *may* be an option in the system's BIOS setup to configure enabling such
-a compatibility mode.
-"""]]
-
-# Device Drivers
-
-[GNU Mach Reference Manual,
-Configuration](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Configuration.html)
-contains a list of device drivers that are included in GNU Mach and elaborates
-on the hardware devices they support.
-
-# User Success Reports
-
-These boards are known to work. Gnumach/Hurd has been installed and run on these board successfully. 
-
-* ASUS P2B motherboard with an Intel PII 450MHz CPU with Intel Pro/100 NIC in PCI slot
-* Intel SE-440BX motherboard 
-* VIA EPIA-M Mini-ITX motherboard with VIA Nehemiah C3 1Ghz processor. Onboard NIC (VIA Rhine) works good.
-* Compaq Deskpro ENS, Pentium3 (666 MHz upgraded to 1 GHz), Intel i815 chipset, chipset integrated NIC (detected twice, but works fine with eth0; trying to access eth1 confuses the driver and makes the system unusable), Matrox Mystique 220 (PCI) graphics card. Also works with rtl8029 (NE2000 PCI) NIC when onboard NIC disabled in BIOS setup.
-* Abit BX6 Rev. 2.0 with Celeron 400, after disabling "memory hole at 15MB" option in BIOS setup. (Otherwise, Mach detects only 15MiB of RAM, making Hurd run *extremely* slow and instable.) Should also work with PentiumII or Pentium3.
-
-# User Failure Reports
-
-Some people couldn't get these hardware combinations to work with Hurd.
-
-Note: The Debian GNU/Hurd installer actually runs on Linux, so it (almost) always works. The critical bit is booting after installation.
-
-* ASUS P5A motherboard and AMD K6-2 333MHz CPU - doesn't boot
-* ASUS P2B-LS motherboard with an Intel PII-MMX 400 MHz CPU - this board had a defective onboard NIC (that could not be disable in BIOS) and working 3COM Etherlink III NIC in a PCI bus slot. This combination worked with GNU/Linux. The 3COM NIC is known to work with the Hurd. However, while gnumach/Hurd will boot on this system, it is confused by the defective onboard NIC and unable to use the 3COM NIC. Attempting to start networking generates a continous stream of eth0 and eth1 reset messages on the console that renders the system unusable.
-* ASrock 775Twins-HDTV with a Pentium D 810 (533 MGz FSB/2600GHz core -- information no longer present on intel's site). Doesn't boot.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 69ca3190..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Further information may still be found on
-<http://www.nongnu.org/thug/gnumach_hardware.html>
-and could perhaps be incorporated into that page.
---[[tschwinge]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 433ec3ef..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
-
-This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
-
-[[inline
-pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-actions=yes
-rootpage="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 00cdee8c..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-  * x86.  This is the main port.
-  * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
-  * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
-
-  * [[Xen]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c492d9a0..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[toc ]]
-
-## Xen dom0, hypervisor
-
-/!\ Now that GNU Mach handles PAE you can use a PAE-enabled hypervisor.
-
-You can either get binaries at <http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/> or build them yourself.
-
-- Copy `gnumach-xen` and `hurd-modules` to your dom0 /boot.
-- Copy `hurd` into `/etc/xen`, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
-
-## GNU/Hurd system
-
-/!\ You need an already installed GNU/Hurd system.
-
-If you have a free partition, you can fdisk to type 0x83, create a filesystem using:
-
-    sudo mke2fs -b 4096 -I 128 -o hurd /dev/sda4 
-
-Replace /dev/sda4 with your partition. Install and use crosshurd to setup a GNU/Hurd system on this partition.
-
-## /etc/xen/hurd configuration
-
-Here is a sample /etc/xen/hurd configuration
-
-    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
-    memory = 256
-    disk = ['phy:sda4,hda,w']
-    extra = "root=device:hd0"
-    vif = [ '' ]
-    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
-
-Suggestions about [[networking_configuration]] are available.
-
-If you need stable MAC addresses, use a syntax like `vif = [
-'mac=00:16:3e:XX:XX:XX, bridge=br0' ]`.
-
-## Running Hurd with Xen
-
-To run Hurd with Xen, use:
-
-    xm create -c hurd
-
-and gnumach should get started. Proceed with native-install.
-
-    export TERM=mach
-    ./native-install
-
-- If `xm` complains about networking (`vif could not be connected`), it's Xen scripts' fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network.  The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs (note that you need the bridge-utils package for this).  You can also just disable networking by commenting the vif line in the config.
-- If `xm` complains `Error: (2, 'Invalid kernel', 'xc_dom_compat_check: guest type xen-3.0-x86_32 not supported by xen kernel, sorry\n')`, you most probably have a PAE-enabled hypervisor and a non-PAE gnumach. Either install and boot non-PAE hypervisor and kernel, or rebuilt gnumach in PAE mode.
-
-## Building from sources
-
-If you want to generate these images, first get the `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` branch from gnumach CVS.
-Then look for "Ugly" in `kern/bootstrap.c`, how to generate `hurd-modules` is explained there, and you'll have to fix `EXT2FS_SIZE` and `LD_SO_SIZE` by hand.
-Then use
-
-    ./configure --enable-platform=xen
-    make
-
-The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2` and `libc0.3 2.6.1-1`.
-/!\ This means that when using this image, your GNU/Hurd system also needs to be a glibc version 2.6-based one!
-
----
-
-[[Internals]].
-
-[[GNU_Savannah_task 5468]], [[GNU_Savannah_task 6584]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 09e707ea..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The port does use Xen's para-virtualized interface for device (ide, network,
-etc.) access.
-
-[[Virtualization]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 71a72bac..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[toc ]]
-
-The Xen dom0 infrastructure provides for a bridged networking setup using shell
-scripts to configure the bridging device properly and attach the domUs' virtual
-interfaces to the bridge.  However, we've [seen
-problems](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-08/msg00023.html)
-when using this approach, so to [solve these
-issues](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-09/msg00071.html),
-instead suggest the following configuration method (to achieve the same thing).
-
-This is for a Debian dom0.
-
-# */etc/network/interfaces*
-
-Comment out everything referencing your physical devices.  Add this:
-
-    auto br0
-    iface br0 inet dhcp
-    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
-
-... or if you want to do the manual configuration dance:
-
-    auto br0
-    iface br0 inet static
-    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
-    	address 192.168.10.60
-    	netmask 255.255.255.0
-    	[...]
-
-This needs a version of the `bridge-utils` package more recent than the current
-Debian stable one ([[debbug 405215]]).  (It's trivial to rebuild the `dpkg` of,
-e.g., the Debian testing one on Debian stable.)
-
-# */etc/xen/xend-config.sxp*
-
-Make sure that only `(network-script network-dummy)` and `(vif-script
-vif-bridge)` are activated and all other `(network-script network-WHATEVER)`,
-respective `(vif-script vif-WHATEVER)` are commented out.
-
-
-# Sample configuration files on Debian Lenny
-
-## /etc/xen/hurd on dom0
-
-    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
-    memory = 256
-    disk = ['phy:sda5,hda,w']
-    extra = "root=device:hd0"
-    vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3e:00:00:00, bridge=br0' ]
-    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
-
-/dev/sda5 is an extended partition. br0 is bridge interface on dom0.
-
-## /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp on dom0
-
-    (network-script 'network-bridge netdev=br0')
-    (dom0-min-mem 196)
-    (dom0-cpus 0)
-    (vncpasswd '')
-
-## /etc/network/interfaces  on dom0
-
-    auto br0
-      iface br0 inet static
-        address 192.168.1.211
-        network 192.168.1.0
-        netmask 255.255.255.0
-        broadcast 192.168.1.255
-        gateway 192.168.1.1
-        bridge_ports eth1
-
-eth1 is the interface that is connected to the Internet on the LAN:
-
-## Doing settrans on domU
-
-    settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.210 -g 192.168.1.1 -m 255.255.255.0
-
-## /sbin/ifconfig on dom0 
-
-    br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
-              inet addr:192.168.1.211  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
-              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
-              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
-              RX packets:14187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
-              TX packets:9214 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
-              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
-              RX bytes:936563 (914.6 KiB)  TX bytes:746184 (728.6 KiB)
-
-    eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
-              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
-              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
-              RX packets:34339 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
-              TX packets:18526 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
-              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
-              RX bytes:3019251 (2.8 MiB)  TX bytes:1453672 (1.3 MiB)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ace6270..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-This page is a place to keep track of ideas about things that may be improved
-in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
-in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
-please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
-
-If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to
-*[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
-so that no duplicate efforts end up.
-
-# Active Branches
-
-  * `gnumach-1-branch` is the main branch.
-
-  * `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` is a branch created by Samuel Thibault for
-    working on a [[ports/Xen]] port.
-
-  * `gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch` is a branch created by Michael Casadevall for
-    working on [[GDB_stubs]].
-
-
-# Task List
-
-  * [[Clean_up_the_code]]
-
-  * [[Open_Issues]]
-
-  * Update the core architecture and drivers
-
-      * Check what NetBSD, FreeBSD and Linux do with their host specific code
-        (i486, PPC, Sparc, ...).  And if it might be wise to take that and use
-        it in GNU Mach.  There is no need to worry about purely internal API's,
-        but the external ones shouldn't require any major changes.
-
-      * Write a list of all functions provided by the host dependant code in
-        GNU Mach that gets used in the non-host specific code (kernel, IPC and
-        VM).
-
-      * Once we have decided what the new internal API should look like, make a
-        list of the new API and the old one, and try to make things as
-        compatible as possible, but not at the expense of anything.
-
-  * Implement Migrating Threads
-
-      * Migrating Threads (MT) could improve IPC performance and making easier
-        the work of the scheduler.  For more information, check
-        <http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sf94/ford.html>
-
-  * Improve the external pagers interface
-
-      * Implement read-ahead (huge I/O improvements expected).
-
-      * Making this interface synchronous should improve I/O performance
-        significantly, without (almost) any drawbacks (we also get some
-        advantage from MT's).
-
-      * Implement more paging eviction policies, so they fit better with usual
-        behaviour of the pagers.
-
-      * Implement resource accounting for external pagers.
-
-  * VM
-
-      * Put it on user level (?)
-
-      * Clean up the mess.
-
-      * Provide a fast way to read/write from/to a memory object.
-
-      * Simplify/normalise the code.
-
-  * Simplify the IPC Semantics
-
-      * There are a lot of things in GNU Mach's IPC that we don't need.  Track
-        down those things, and get rid of them without requiring many changes
-        in the Hurd (the changes will affect MiG, but that is OK).
-
-  * Temporary mappings for Client-Server memory transfers
-
-      * Extend Mach's IPC to provide some kind of object which can represent a
-        range of memory that can temporarily be mapped into the servers address
-        space for sending/receiving data.  This would allow us to avoid
-        excessive memory copies.
-
-      * Find a new way to work with unaligned memory.
-
-  * GDB remote debugging support
-
-      * Implement support for GDB debugging via serial line and/or network.
-        Maybe this can be done together with the host-specific work above.
-
-        See [[GDB_stubs]].
-
-  * Make it run as a [[UNIX]]/Linux executable.
-
-      * Neal:
-
-            <neal> here's a fun project: port the mach interface to Linux
-            <neal> (e.g., via kernel modifications)
-            <neal> or, to posix/glibc
-            <neal> (mmap, some minimal ptrace, etc.)
-
-      * From the [Hurd bits at
-        sourceforge.net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/hurd):
-        <http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/>, started by John
-        Tobey.  Last time touched in 2003.  Status completely unknown.
-
-          * [README](http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/README?view=markup)
-
-
-# Wish List
-
-  * Interface for userspace non-critical drivers.
-
-  * Sound Support
-
-  * WLAN support (ipw2200) with WEP/WPA
-
-  * ACPI support
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 875bb8cd..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# Restructure the tree in a sane way
-
-Merge `linux/src` and `linux/dev`.  But only if using a sane RCS, so leave it
-as-is for now.  Also, a bunch of (header) files from there may probably be
-discarded.
-
-
-# Remove dead files from the GNU Mach source tree
-
-For *exported* files (via `make install`), the plan is to first stick some
-`#error This file is scheduled for removal.  Write to <bug-hurd@gnu.org> if you
-have a reason to have it kept available.` into them, and then actually remove
-them after some months.
-
-For some of the internal header files (containing function prototypes and the
-like), it might actually be useful to use them.  (And then get rid of a bunch
-of `extern ...` statements in other files.)
-
-This following list was assembled by putting such a `#error ...` line into each
-of the `gnumach-1-branch`'s header files (exported and internal; save the
-`linux/` ones (only internal) for simplicity), and then trying to build GNU
-Mach until this would succeed again (by removing offending `#error ...`s), and
-afterwards using the set of exported files for building a cross toolchain
-(again still removing offending `#error ...`s).  A very crude and imprecise
-method.
-
-So, additionally to the list given below, there may actually be a bunch of
-further files (also exported ones) that serve no real value, but are being
-`#include`d through one way or another.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_expr.h]]
-
-    Currently used, but copyright violation?  Rewrite?
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_print.h]]
-
-    Copyright violation?  Currently unused, but could be used in principle (or
-    be rewritten, to avoid the copyright oddity).
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/tr.h]]
-
-    Copyright violation.  Unused.  Remove.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch device/dev_master.h]]
-
-    Might be usable for SMP?  Remove otherwise.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/kttd_machdep.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/sched_param.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/cthreads.h]]
-
-    Was probably once exported, but is no longer.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/ioccom.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/audio_status.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/tape_status.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/alert.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/boot.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/macro_help.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/multiboot.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profil.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profilparam.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/exec/a.out.h]]
-
-    Exported.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach_debug/pc_info.h]]
-
-    Currently not exported, but was probably once meant to be.
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/act.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/refcount.h]]
-
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/shuttle.h]]
-
-
-# Remove dead functions, variables, etc. from source files
-
-
-# Rewrite ugly code
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a11a82b..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-  * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-04/msg00103.html>
-
-  * [ChangeLog.gdb](http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/gnumach/ChangeLog.gdb?root=hurd&view=markup&pathrev=gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 225ab176..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/reference_manual.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-*The GNU Mach Reference Manual* documents the architecture, the usage and the
-programming of the GNU Mach microkernel.  At the moment, the manual documents
-the interface completely, but is not very useful as a tutorial or introduction
-into the Mach architecture.
-
-  * [HTML version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/index.html)
-    for browsing online,
-  * [PostScript
-    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps) [around
-    900KiB],
-  * [gzipped PostScript
-    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps.gz)
-    [around 300KiB],
-  * [PDF version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.pdf)
-    [around 700KiB].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19e1ea53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+GNU Mach is the microkernel that the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]] system is based on.
+
+It is maintained by the Hurd developers for the GNU project and remains
+compatible with [[Mach]] 3.0.
+
+The majority of GNU Mach's [[device_driver]]s are from Linux 2.0.  They were
+added using glue code, i.e., a Linux [[emulation]] layer in Mach.
+
+GNU Mach runs on x86 machines.  See the
+[[hardware_compatibility_list]] and information about
+[[ports]] to other architectures.
+
+
+# Advantages of GNU Mach
+
+GNU Mach is not the most advanced [[microkernel]] known to the planet, nor is
+it the fastest or smallest, but it has a rich set of [[interface]]s and some
+features which make it useful as the base of the [[Hurd]] system.
+
+  * **it's free software**
+    
+    Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of the
+    [[GNU_General_Public_License_(GPL)|gpl]].
+
+  * **it's built to survive**
+    
+    As a [[microkernel]], GNU Mach doesn't implement a lot of the features
+    commonly found in an operating system, but only the bare minimum that is
+    required to implement a full operating system on top of it.  This means
+    that a lot of the operating system code is maintained outside of GNU Mach,
+    and while this code may go through a complete redesign, the code of the
+    microkernel can remain comparatively stable.
+
+  * **it's scalable**
+    
+    Mach is particularly well suited for SMP and network cluster techniques.
+    Thread support is provided at the kernel level, and the kernel itself takes
+    advantage of that.  Network transparency at the [[IPC]] level makes
+    resources of the system available across machine boundaries (with NORMA
+    IPC, currently not available in GNU Mach).
+
+  * **it exists**
+    
+    The Mach microkernel is real software that works Right Now.  It is not a
+    research or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can start
+    using and developing it.  Mach has been used in many operating systems in
+    the past, usually as the base for a single UNIX server.  In the GNU system,
+    Mach is the base of a functional multi-server operating system, the
+    [[Hurd]].
+
+
+# Booting
+
+To actually use the kernel and boot the GNU operating system, you need a boot
+loader.  Not all boot loaders are capable to boot the GNU system, you need one
+that supports the multiboot standard.  The bootloader of the GNU system is
+[[GNU_GRUB|grub]], which supports a broad range of operating systems including
+GNU/Hurd.
+
+
+# Development
+
+  * [[Reference_Manual]]
+  * [[Building]]
+  * [[Debugging]]
+  * [[Boot_Trace]]
+  * [[Projects]]
+      * [[Rules]]
+      * [[Open_Issues]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a08384f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
+
+
+> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: \_start
+
+> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: boot\_entry
+
+>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: c\_boot\_entry
+
+>>> i386/i386at/boothdr.S: discover\_x86\_cpu\_type
+
+>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: i386at\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/pic.c: picinit
+
+>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: mem\_size\_init
+
+>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_bootstrap
+
+>>>> i386/i386/gdt.c: gdt\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/idt.c: idt\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386at/int\_init.c: int\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/ldt.c: ldt\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386/ktss.c: ktss\_init
+
+>>> kern/startup.c: setup\_main
+
+>>>> kern/debug.c: panic\_init
+
+>>>> kern/printf.c: printf\_init
+
+>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: wait\_queue\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/processor.c: pset\_sys\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> kern/ast.c: ast\_init
+
+>>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: pmap\_startup
+
+>>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>>> vm/vm\_external.c: vm\_external\_module\_initialize
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_map.c: vm\_map\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_kern.c: kmem\_init
+
+>>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/zalloc.c: zone\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/kalloc.c: kalloc\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_fault.c: vm\_fault\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_resident.c: vm\_page\_module\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/memory\_object.c: memory\_manager\_default\_init
+
+>>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_bootstrap
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_table.c: ipc\_table\_init
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_notify.c: ipc\_notify\_init
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_hash.c: ipc\_hash\_init
+
+>>>>> ipc/ipc\_marequest.c: ipc\_marequest\_init
+
+>>>> vm/vm\_init.c: vm\_mem\_init
+
+>>>>> vm/vm\_object.c: vm\_object\_init
+
+>>>> ipc/ipc\_init.c: ipc\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_host\_init
+
+>>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_init
+
+>>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_pset\_enable
+
+>>>>>> kern/ipc\_host.c: ipc\_processor\_init
+
+>>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
+
+>>>> kern/timer.c: init\_timers
+
+>>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: init\_timeout
+
+>>>> kern/xpr.c: xprbootstrap
+
+>>>> kern/time\_stamp.c: timestamp\_init
+
+>>>> kern/mach\_clock.c: mapable\_time\_init
+
+>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: machine\_init
+
+>>>>> device/cons.c: cninit
+
+>>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: init\_fpu
+
+>>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: linux\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: init\_IRQ
+
+>>>>>>> linux/dev/arch/i386/kernel/irq.c: reserve\_mach\_irqs
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/kernel/sched.c: linux\_sched\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/init/main.c: calibrate\_delay
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/kmem.c: linux\_kmem\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: pci\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/pci/pci.c: scan\_bus
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/arch/i386/kernel/bios32.c: pcibios\_fixup
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/net.c: linux\_net\_emulation\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/genhd.c: device\_setup
+
+>>>>>>> linux/dev/glue/block.c: blk\_dev\_init
+
+>>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/block/ide.c: ide\_init
+
+>>>>>>>> linux/dev/drivers/block/floppy.c: floppy\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/src/drivers/scsi/scsi.c: scsi\_dev\_init
+
+>>>>>>> linux/dev/net/core/dev.c: net\_dev\_init
+
+>>>>>> linux/pcmcia-cs/glue/pcmcia.c: pcmcia\_init
+
+>>>>> i386/i386at/autoconf.c: probeio
+
+>>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: inittodr
+
+>>>>> i386/intel/pmap.c: pmap\_unmap\_page\_zero
+
+>>>> kern/task.c: task\_init
+
+>>>>> kern/syscall\_emulation.c: eml\_init
+
+>>>> kern/thread.c: thread\_init
+
+>>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: pcb\_module\_init
+
+>>>>>> i386/i386/fpu.c: fpu\_module\_init
+
+>>>>>> i386/i386/iopb.c: iopb\_init
+
+>>>> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapper\_init
+
+>>>> kern/sched\_prim.c: recompute\_priorities
+
+>>>> kern/mach\_factor.c: compute\_mach\_factor
+
+>>>> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
+
+[...]
+
+>>>> kern/startup.c: cpu\_launch\_first\_thread
+
+>>>>> i386/i386at/model\_dep.c: startrtclock
+
+>>>>>> i386/i386/pit.c: clkstart
+
+>>>>> i386/intel/pmap.h: PMAP\_ACTIVATE\_KERNEL
+
+>>>>> i386/i386/pcb.c: load\_context
+
+[...]
+
+> kern/startup.c: start\_kernel\_threads
+
+> Threads get created.
+
+>> kern/sched\_prim.c: idle\_thread
+
+>> One for each CPU.
+
+>> kern/thread.c: reaper\_thread 
+
+>> kern/thread\_swap.c: swapin\_thread
+
+>> kern/sched\_prim.c: sched\_thread
+
+>> [...]
+
+>> kern/bootstrap.c: bootstrap\_create
+
+>> [...]
+
+>> vm\_pageout
+
+>> Does not return.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c075600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+Additional to the following text, a further [[example]] has be posted.
+
+
+# Building [[GNU_Mach|gnumach]] from Source
+
+If you want to build the [[GNU_Mach|gnumach]] kernel yourself instead of just using a
+pre-built binary, follow these instructions.
+
+The unpacked source tree is around 20 MiB, and the build tree (with all drivers
+enabled) is around 50 MiB.
+
+## Getting the Source Code
+
+### Developers's RCS
+
+See <http://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd>.
+
+    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+
+(Most probably you want to get hold of the *GNU Mach 1 branch* and not the
+trunk, which is also what we've done above.)
+
+You then have to create the automatically generatable files:
+
+    $ ( cd gnumach && autoreconf --install )
+
+### What Debian is currently using
+
+See [here](http://packages.debian.net/source/unstable/gnumach).
+
+    $ apt-get source gnumach
+
+Please see the Debian [[running/debian/FAQ]] before using `apt-get source`.
+
+## Preparing for the Build
+
+### ... on Debian systems
+
+Building GNU Mach requires the *build-essential* and *fakeroot* packages, their
+dependencies and additional packages that are specified by the source gnumach
+package:
+
+    # apt-get install build-essential fakeroot
+    # apt-get build-dep gnumach
+
+### ... on non-Debian systems
+
+Apart from the case that you only want to install GNU Mach's header files (see
+below), building GNU Mach requires you to have the Mach Interface Generator
+installed.  See [[building_MIG|mig/gnu_mig/building]] about how to do that, then come
+back here.
+
+Additionally, building GNU Mach requires a C compiler, a standard C library and
+your favourite flavor of awk (gawk) and GNU make.
+
+## Building and Installing
+
+### ... Debian `.deb` files
+
+Change into the directory with the downloaded / unpacked GNU Mach sources, e.g.
+
+    $ cd gnumach-20050801
+
+Start the build process with
+
+    $ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b -rfakeroot
+
+[[GNU_Mach|gnumach]] is now building.  To use the new kernel, you must install the
+resulting `.deb` package which is located one directory above the build
+directory and has a similar name as the build directory, e.g.
+
+    # dpkg -i ../gnumach_20050801-4_hurd-i386.deb
+
+You can now reboot your computer and enjoy the new kernel.
+
+### [TODO]
+
+GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
+
+    $ mkdir gnumach-build
+    $ cd gnumach-build
+
+Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
+it:
+
+    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure [TODO]
+
+Build the kernel image:
+
+    $ make gnumach.gz
+
+Optionally run the (tiny) test suite:
+
+    $ make check
+
+You can then install and use `gnumach.gz`.
+
+[TODO.]
+
+### Installing only the Header Files
+
+GNU Mach should be built in a separate directory:
+
+    $ mkdir gnumach-build
+    $ cd gnumach-build
+
+Find the path to your GNU Mach sources (`[...]/gnumach-1-branch`) and configure
+it:
+
+    $ [...]/gnumach-1-branch/configure --prefix=
+
+Install the header files into e.g. `~/gnu/include/`:
+
+    $ make DESTDIR=~/gnu install-data
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6da05c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+## Compiling GNU Mach microkernel
+
+Host development system is IBM T41 running Debian Sarge 3.1r0a GNU/Linux.
+
+* gcc version: 3.3.5
+* GNU sed version: 4.1.2
+* GNU make version: 3.8
+* mig version: 1.3-4
+
+Obtained gnumach-1-branch sources from cvs:
+
+    export CVS_RSH="ssh"
+    cvs -z3 -d:ext:anoncvs@ savannah.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+
+Obtained mig_1.3-4_i386.deb from
+http://www.hadrons.org/~guillem/debian/pool/main/mig/. Installed it using dpkg:
+
+    dpkg -i mig_1.3-4_i386.deb
+
+Entered into the gnumach sources and did the following for compilation:
+
+    mkdir build
+    cd build
+    ../configure --host=i386-unknown-gnu0.2 --build=i586-pc-linux-gnu \
+      --enable-kdb --enable-ide
+    make
+
+The kernel file is created in the build directory.  Move it to /boot on the
+testing x86 system Hurd partition.  Rename it as gnumach1 and compress it:
+
+    mv kernel gnumach1
+    gzip gnumach1
+
+Add a new entry on the testing machine /boot/grub/menu.lst to boot the new
+kernel.
+
+    title GNU Hurd K10 Compiled gnumach
+    kernel (hd0,3)/boot/gnumach1.gz root=device:hd2s4 -s
+    module (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static--multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \\
+      --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} \\
+      --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T typed ${root} $(task-create)$(task-resume)
+    module (hd0,3)/lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
+
+Reboot into the new compiled mygnumach1.gz kernel!
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa2a9d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
+[Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
+
+
+When you're [[running_a_system_in_QEMU|hurd/running/qemu]] you can directly
+[use GDB on the running
+kernel](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
+
+
+Alternatively you can use an approach like this one: add the following code
+snippet to `device/ds_routines.c`'s `ds_device_open` function, right at the top
+of the function, and modify the code as needed.
+
+      void D (char *s)
+      {
+        switch (s[0] - '0')
+          {
+          case 0:
+           printf ("Hello from %s!\n", __FUNCTION__);
+           break;
+          case 1:
+           printf ("%s: Invoking task_collect_scan.\n", __FUNCTION__);
+           extern void task_collect_scan (void);
+           task_collect_scan ();
+           break;
+          default:
+           printf ("No idea what you want me to do.\n");
+           break;
+          }
+      }
+    
+      if (name && name[0] == 'D')
+        D (name + 1);
+
+Then boot your system and do something like this:
+
+    # devprobe D0
+    Hello from D!
+    # devprobe D1
+    D: Invoking task_collect_scan.
+    # devprobe D2
+    No idea what you want me to do.
+
+This is especially useful if you need to manually trigger some stuff inside the
+running kernel, as with the *D1* example.
+
+
+If you're doing real low level debugging, you might want to put variations of
+the following snipped into the code, this code will write a `#` character at
+line `[LINE]`, column `[COLUMN]` on the screen:
+
+    *((char *) 0xb8000 + 2 * ([LINE] * 80 + [COLUMN])) = '#';
+    halt_cpu ();
+
+The call of `halt_cpu` will -- as the name suggests -- halt the system
+afterwards.  This might be what you want or it might not, but it is needed at
+some place when running the kernel inside QEMU, as QEMU somehow decides not to
+update its display buffer anymore under certain conditions.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09882467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# CPU Architecture
+
+GNU Mach current only supports the `x86` (alias `ia32` or `i386`) architecture.
+
+`amd64`/`ix64` should work in `32-bit` compatibility mode. However, in practice
+`amd64` systems seem to be troublesome more often than not. This is probably
+related to the same (chipset-related) problems we often see with recent
+machines; but it seems that `amd64` ones use problematic chipsets particularily
+often. So far we haven't heard of similar problems with Intel's eqivalent
+`ix64` (or `EM64T` as it used to be called) -- but maybe that just means fewer
+people tried running the Hurd on such machines :-)
+
+Support for running GNU Mach (and a complete GNU/Hurd system) in a
+[Xen](http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/) `domU` (again on `x86`
+only) is [[being_worked_on|ports/xen]].
+
+Read about further [[ports]].
+
+# Memory
+
+GNU Mach will use a maximum of 1 GiB of RAM.  If your system has more,
+the surplus will silently be ignored.  (In past times, this would hinder GNU
+Mach from booting at all, but this has been fixed, so you no longer need to
+apply GRUB's `uppermem` directive.)
+
+# Video Cards
+
+Debian distributes a version of [X.org](http://x.org/).  If your video card driver
+depends on a special kernel interface such as that provided by
+the `agpgart` kernel module for the Linux kernel, then your video
+card will only be supported by the VESA driver.
+
+Using an internal i815 videocard [won't
+work](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00007.html) (at least when
+using the specialized driver), because of [missing AGP GART support in GNU
+Mach](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/12/msg00011.html).
+
+# Sound
+
+No sound cards are supported at this time.
+
+# USB 1.1/2.0
+
+USB is not supported at this time.
+
+However, USB-type keyboards and mice may (and have been reported to) work
+nevertheless, given that the hardware / BIOS is doing emulation to the
+supported legacy interfaces.
+
+# IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
+
+IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
+
+# Storage
+
+All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
+e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space.  If you find a specific IDE
+drive that does not work, make a note of the model and technical specifications
+here.
+
+[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
+<!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
+
+[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
+This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
+couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
+compatibility mode:
+
+    start (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static: (hd0,3)/hurd/ext2fs.static
+    device:hd0s4: No such device or address
+
+There *may* be an option in the system's BIOS setup to configure enabling such
+a compatibility mode.
+"""]]
+
+# Device Drivers
+
+[GNU Mach Reference Manual,
+Configuration](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Configuration.html)
+contains a list of device drivers that are included in GNU Mach and elaborates
+on the hardware devices they support.
+
+# User Success Reports
+
+These boards are known to work. Gnumach/Hurd has been installed and run on these board successfully. 
+
+* ASUS P2B motherboard with an Intel PII 450MHz CPU with Intel Pro/100 NIC in PCI slot
+* Intel SE-440BX motherboard 
+* VIA EPIA-M Mini-ITX motherboard with VIA Nehemiah C3 1Ghz processor. Onboard NIC (VIA Rhine) works good.
+* Compaq Deskpro ENS, Pentium3 (666 MHz upgraded to 1 GHz), Intel i815 chipset, chipset integrated NIC (detected twice, but works fine with eth0; trying to access eth1 confuses the driver and makes the system unusable), Matrox Mystique 220 (PCI) graphics card. Also works with rtl8029 (NE2000 PCI) NIC when onboard NIC disabled in BIOS setup.
+* Abit BX6 Rev. 2.0 with Celeron 400, after disabling "memory hole at 15MB" option in BIOS setup. (Otherwise, Mach detects only 15MiB of RAM, making Hurd run *extremely* slow and instable.) Should also work with PentiumII or Pentium3.
+
+# User Failure Reports
+
+Some people couldn't get these hardware combinations to work with Hurd.
+
+Note: The Debian GNU/Hurd installer actually runs on Linux, so it (almost) always works. The critical bit is booting after installation.
+
+* ASUS P5A motherboard and AMD K6-2 333MHz CPU - doesn't boot
+* ASUS P2B-LS motherboard with an Intel PII-MMX 400 MHz CPU - this board had a defective onboard NIC (that could not be disable in BIOS) and working 3COM Etherlink III NIC in a PCI bus slot. This combination worked with GNU/Linux. The 3COM NIC is known to work with the Hurd. However, while gnumach/Hurd will boot on this system, it is confused by the defective onboard NIC and unable to use the 3COM NIC. Attempting to start networking generates a continous stream of eth0 and eth1 reset messages on the console that renders the system unusable.
+* ASrock 775Twins-HDTV with a Pentium D 810 (533 MGz FSB/2600GHz core -- information no longer present on intel's site). Doesn't boot.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69ca3190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Further information may still be found on
+<http://www.nongnu.org/thug/gnumach_hardware.html>
+and could perhaps be incorporated into that page.
+--[[tschwinge]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..433ec3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+
+This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
+
+[[inline
+pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+actions=yes
+rootpage="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00cdee8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * x86.  This is the main port.
+  * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
+  * Alpha.  Was once started, but isn't in a usable state either.
+
+  * [[Xen]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c492d9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[toc ]]
+
+## Xen dom0, hypervisor
+
+/!\ Now that GNU Mach handles PAE you can use a PAE-enabled hypervisor.
+
+You can either get binaries at <http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/> or build them yourself.
+
+- Copy `gnumach-xen` and `hurd-modules` to your dom0 /boot.
+- Copy `hurd` into `/etc/xen`, edit it for fixing access to your hurd / and swap
+
+## GNU/Hurd system
+
+/!\ You need an already installed GNU/Hurd system.
+
+If you have a free partition, you can fdisk to type 0x83, create a filesystem using:
+
+    sudo mke2fs -b 4096 -I 128 -o hurd /dev/sda4 
+
+Replace /dev/sda4 with your partition. Install and use crosshurd to setup a GNU/Hurd system on this partition.
+
+## /etc/xen/hurd configuration
+
+Here is a sample /etc/xen/hurd configuration
+
+    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
+    memory = 256
+    disk = ['phy:sda4,hda,w']
+    extra = "root=device:hd0"
+    vif = [ '' ]
+    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
+
+Suggestions about [[networking_configuration]] are available.
+
+If you need stable MAC addresses, use a syntax like `vif = [
+'mac=00:16:3e:XX:XX:XX, bridge=br0' ]`.
+
+## Running Hurd with Xen
+
+To run Hurd with Xen, use:
+
+    xm create -c hurd
+
+and gnumach should get started. Proceed with native-install.
+
+    export TERM=mach
+    ./native-install
+
+- If `xm` complains about networking (`vif could not be connected`), it's Xen scripts' fault, see Xen documentation for how to configure the network.  The simplest way is network-bridge with fixed IPs (note that you need the bridge-utils package for this).  You can also just disable networking by commenting the vif line in the config.
+- If `xm` complains `Error: (2, 'Invalid kernel', 'xc_dom_compat_check: guest type xen-3.0-x86_32 not supported by xen kernel, sorry\n')`, you most probably have a PAE-enabled hypervisor and a non-PAE gnumach. Either install and boot non-PAE hypervisor and kernel, or rebuilt gnumach in PAE mode.
+
+## Building from sources
+
+If you want to generate these images, first get the `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` branch from gnumach CVS.
+Then look for "Ugly" in `kern/bootstrap.c`, how to generate `hurd-modules` is explained there, and you'll have to fix `EXT2FS_SIZE` and `LD_SO_SIZE` by hand.
+Then use
+
+    ./configure --enable-platform=xen
+    make
+
+The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2` and `libc0.3 2.6.1-1`.
+/!\ This means that when using this image, your GNU/Hurd system also needs to be a glibc version 2.6-based one!
+
+---
+
+[[Internals]].
+
+[[GNU_Savannah_task 5468]], [[GNU_Savannah_task 6584]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09e707ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The port does use Xen's para-virtualized interface for device (ide, network,
+etc.) access.
+
+[[Virtualization]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71a72bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[toc ]]
+
+The Xen dom0 infrastructure provides for a bridged networking setup using shell
+scripts to configure the bridging device properly and attach the domUs' virtual
+interfaces to the bridge.  However, we've [seen
+problems](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-08/msg00023.html)
+when using this approach, so to [solve these
+issues](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-09/msg00071.html),
+instead suggest the following configuration method (to achieve the same thing).
+
+This is for a Debian dom0.
+
+# */etc/network/interfaces*
+
+Comment out everything referencing your physical devices.  Add this:
+
+    auto br0
+    iface br0 inet dhcp
+    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
+
+... or if you want to do the manual configuration dance:
+
+    auto br0
+    iface br0 inet static
+    	bridge_ports regex (eth|vif).* noregex
+    	address 192.168.10.60
+    	netmask 255.255.255.0
+    	[...]
+
+This needs a version of the `bridge-utils` package more recent than the current
+Debian stable one ([[debbug 405215]]).  (It's trivial to rebuild the `dpkg` of,
+e.g., the Debian testing one on Debian stable.)
+
+# */etc/xen/xend-config.sxp*
+
+Make sure that only `(network-script network-dummy)` and `(vif-script
+vif-bridge)` are activated and all other `(network-script network-WHATEVER)`,
+respective `(vif-script vif-WHATEVER)` are commented out.
+
+
+# Sample configuration files on Debian Lenny
+
+## /etc/xen/hurd on dom0
+
+    kernel = "/boot/gnumach-xen"
+    memory = 256
+    disk = ['phy:sda5,hda,w']
+    extra = "root=device:hd0"
+    vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3e:00:00:00, bridge=br0' ]
+    ramdisk = "/boot/hurd-modules"
+
+/dev/sda5 is an extended partition. br0 is bridge interface on dom0.
+
+## /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp on dom0
+
+    (network-script 'network-bridge netdev=br0')
+    (dom0-min-mem 196)
+    (dom0-cpus 0)
+    (vncpasswd '')
+
+## /etc/network/interfaces  on dom0
+
+    auto br0
+      iface br0 inet static
+        address 192.168.1.211
+        network 192.168.1.0
+        netmask 255.255.255.0
+        broadcast 192.168.1.255
+        gateway 192.168.1.1
+        bridge_ports eth1
+
+eth1 is the interface that is connected to the Internet on the LAN:
+
+## Doing settrans on domU
+
+    settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.210 -g 192.168.1.1 -m 255.255.255.0
+
+## /sbin/ifconfig on dom0 
+
+    br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
+              inet addr:192.168.1.211  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
+              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
+              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+              RX packets:14187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+              TX packets:9214 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
+              RX bytes:936563 (914.6 KiB)  TX bytes:746184 (728.6 KiB)
+
+    eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:19:d1:2e:06:33  
+              inet6 addr: fe80::219:d1ff:fe2e:633/64 Scope:Link
+              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
+              RX packets:34339 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
+              TX packets:18526 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
+              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
+              RX bytes:3019251 (2.8 MiB)  TX bytes:1453672 (1.3 MiB)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ace6270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+This page is a place to keep track of ideas about things that may be improved
+in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
+in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
+please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
+
+If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to
+*[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
+so that no duplicate efforts end up.
+
+# Active Branches
+
+  * `gnumach-1-branch` is the main branch.
+
+  * `gnumach-1-branch-Xen-branch` is a branch created by Samuel Thibault for
+    working on a [[ports/Xen]] port.
+
+  * `gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch` is a branch created by Michael Casadevall for
+    working on [[GDB_stubs]].
+
+
+# Task List
+
+  * [[Clean_up_the_code]]
+
+  * [[Open_Issues]]
+
+  * Update the core architecture and drivers
+
+      * Check what NetBSD, FreeBSD and Linux do with their host specific code
+        (i486, PPC, Sparc, ...).  And if it might be wise to take that and use
+        it in GNU Mach.  There is no need to worry about purely internal API's,
+        but the external ones shouldn't require any major changes.
+
+      * Write a list of all functions provided by the host dependant code in
+        GNU Mach that gets used in the non-host specific code (kernel, IPC and
+        VM).
+
+      * Once we have decided what the new internal API should look like, make a
+        list of the new API and the old one, and try to make things as
+        compatible as possible, but not at the expense of anything.
+
+  * Implement Migrating Threads
+
+      * Migrating Threads (MT) could improve IPC performance and making easier
+        the work of the scheduler.  For more information, check
+        <http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/sf94/ford.html>
+
+  * Improve the external pagers interface
+
+      * Implement read-ahead (huge I/O improvements expected).
+
+      * Making this interface synchronous should improve I/O performance
+        significantly, without (almost) any drawbacks (we also get some
+        advantage from MT's).
+
+      * Implement more paging eviction policies, so they fit better with usual
+        behaviour of the pagers.
+
+      * Implement resource accounting for external pagers.
+
+  * VM
+
+      * Put it on user level (?)
+
+      * Clean up the mess.
+
+      * Provide a fast way to read/write from/to a memory object.
+
+      * Simplify/normalise the code.
+
+  * Simplify the IPC Semantics
+
+      * There are a lot of things in GNU Mach's IPC that we don't need.  Track
+        down those things, and get rid of them without requiring many changes
+        in the Hurd (the changes will affect MiG, but that is OK).
+
+  * Temporary mappings for Client-Server memory transfers
+
+      * Extend Mach's IPC to provide some kind of object which can represent a
+        range of memory that can temporarily be mapped into the servers address
+        space for sending/receiving data.  This would allow us to avoid
+        excessive memory copies.
+
+      * Find a new way to work with unaligned memory.
+
+  * GDB remote debugging support
+
+      * Implement support for GDB debugging via serial line and/or network.
+        Maybe this can be done together with the host-specific work above.
+
+        See [[GDB_stubs]].
+
+  * Make it run as a [[UNIX]]/Linux executable.
+
+      * Neal:
+
+            <neal> here's a fun project: port the mach interface to Linux
+            <neal> (e.g., via kernel modifications)
+            <neal> or, to posix/glibc
+            <neal> (mmap, some minimal ptrace, etc.)
+
+      * From the [Hurd bits at
+        sourceforge.net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/hurd):
+        <http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/>, started by John
+        Tobey.  Last time touched in 2003.  Status completely unknown.
+
+          * [README](http://hurd.cvs.sourceforge.net/hurd/gnumach-otop/README?view=markup)
+
+
+# Wish List
+
+  * Interface for userspace non-critical drivers.
+
+  * Sound Support
+
+  * WLAN support (ipw2200) with WEP/WPA
+
+  * ACPI support
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..875bb8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# Restructure the tree in a sane way
+
+Merge `linux/src` and `linux/dev`.  But only if using a sane RCS, so leave it
+as-is for now.  Also, a bunch of (header) files from there may probably be
+discarded.
+
+
+# Remove dead files from the GNU Mach source tree
+
+For *exported* files (via `make install`), the plan is to first stick some
+`#error This file is scheduled for removal.  Write to <bug-hurd@gnu.org> if you
+have a reason to have it kept available.` into them, and then actually remove
+them after some months.
+
+For some of the internal header files (containing function prototypes and the
+like), it might actually be useful to use them.  (And then get rid of a bunch
+of `extern ...` statements in other files.)
+
+This following list was assembled by putting such a `#error ...` line into each
+of the `gnumach-1-branch`'s header files (exported and internal; save the
+`linux/` ones (only internal) for simplicity), and then trying to build GNU
+Mach until this would succeed again (by removing offending `#error ...`s), and
+afterwards using the set of exported files for building a cross toolchain
+(again still removing offending `#error ...`s).  A very crude and imprecise
+method.
+
+So, additionally to the list given below, there may actually be a bunch of
+further files (also exported ones) that serve no real value, but are being
+`#include`d through one way or another.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_expr.h]]
+
+    Currently used, but copyright violation?  Rewrite?
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_print.h]]
+
+    Copyright violation?  Currently unused, but could be used in principle (or
+    be rewritten, to avoid the copyright oddity).
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/tr.h]]
+
+    Copyright violation.  Unused.  Remove.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch device/dev_master.h]]
+
+    Might be usable for SMP?  Remove otherwise.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/kttd_machdep.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/sched_param.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/cthreads.h]]
+
+    Was probably once exported, but is no longer.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/ioccom.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/audio_status.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/tape_status.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/alert.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/boot.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/macro_help.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/multiboot.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profil.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profilparam.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/exec/a.out.h]]
+
+    Exported.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach_debug/pc_info.h]]
+
+    Currently not exported, but was probably once meant to be.
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/act.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/refcount.h]]
+
+* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/shuttle.h]]
+
+
+# Remove dead functions, variables, etc. from source files
+
+
+# Rewrite ugly code
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a11a82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-04/msg00103.html>
+
+  * [ChangeLog.gdb](http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/gnumach/ChangeLog.gdb?root=hurd&view=markup&pathrev=gnumach-1-branch-gdb-branch)
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..225ab176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+*The GNU Mach Reference Manual* documents the architecture, the usage and the
+programming of the GNU Mach microkernel.  At the moment, the manual documents
+the interface completely, but is not very useful as a tutorial or introduction
+into the Mach architecture.
+
+  * [HTML version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/index.html)
+    for browsing online,
+  * [PostScript
+    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps) [around
+    900KiB],
+  * [gzipped PostScript
+    version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.ps.gz)
+    [around 300KiB],
+  * [PDF version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/mach.pdf)
+    [around 700KiB].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
index 8f4b528b..a8951737 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/history.mdwn
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Meanwhile, OSKit became unmaintained, thus posing more of a burden on than being
 In 2005 Gianluca Guida started a different attempt to use the osenv interface with minimal changes to GNU Mach 1.x, thus allowing use of the generic driver interface while importing as little of the umaintained OSKit code as possible. However, there turned out to be serious problems with OSKit, so this attempt was abandoned as well.
 
 Today, GNU Mach development focuses on the 1.x branch again -- see also this
-list of [[gnu_mach/projects]].
+list of [[gnumach/projects]].
 
 # <a name="Status_of_the_project"> Status of the project </a>
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
index a0bbbe14..8afad31c 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pp. 67--77."
 
 # Further Relevant Documentation
 
-  * The [[GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnu_mach/reference_manual]], espacially
+  * The [[GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnumach/reference_manual]], espacially
     [Chapter 4, Inter Process
     Communication](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Inter-Process-Communication.html),
     which, for example, explains how the <a name="dealloc">`dealloc` flag</a>
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn
index 8b553b6b..f92f7dbe 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/building.mdwn
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Building the Mach Interface Generator requires the _build-essential_ and _fakero
 Building the Mach Interface Generator requires a C compiler, a standard C library (with corresponding header files) and your favourite flavor of awk (gawk), yacc (bison), lex (flex) and make.
 
 Additionally, you need to have GNU Mach's header files installed.  See
-[[mach/gnu_mach/building]] about how to do that, then come back here.
+[[mach/gnumach/building]] about how to do that, then come back here.
 
 ## <a name="Building_and_Installing"> Building and Installing </a>
 
diff --git a/news/2008-11-14.mdwn b/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
index ab8d2f24..1e2c8802 100644
--- a/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[Samuel_Thibault|samuelthibault]] has implemented support for the PAE feature
 offered by modern x86 processors.  This largely faciliates the deployment of
-GNU/Hurd systems running as a [[Xen_domU|microkernel/mach/gnu_mach/ports/xen]]
+GNU/Hurd systems running as a [[Xen_domU|microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen]]
 on top of a standard Debian GNU/Linux Xen dom0, for example.
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 6a132e6d..b7acb592 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Hurd!
       * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
   * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
       * *[[microkernel/mach/Documentation]]*
-      * *[[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]]*"]]
+      * *[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]*"]]
       * *[[microkernel/mach/MIG]]*[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach/mig*)" then="
           * [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]"]]
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fd71cec83b66958982e3003e4d26896c97b18aee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 14:29:01 +0100
Subject: GCC: ``PR driver/21706 -- MAXPATHLEN usage in [gcc]/gcc/tlink.c'' has
 been fixed.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 3 ---
 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 3744f6ee..ab540908 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ integrated.
   * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
     \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
 
-      * [\[PATCH\] for PR driver/21706 -- MAXPATHLEN usage in
-        \[gcc\]/gcc/tlink.c](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-11/msg00611.html)
-
   * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
     NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 56008b15e0bc425a5c7df28e88cfc808cc113f04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 22:16:01 +0100
Subject: GCC: libmudflap.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn            |  2 +
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index ab540908..ec412b9c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -40,3 +40,5 @@ Additionally:
 
   * Also in other places: configure fragments that have `*linux*` cases
     might/should often contain those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
+
+  * [[`libmudflap`|libmudflap]].
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2345828b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Single-threaded use appears to work:
+
+    $ echo 'int main(void) { int *a; a[10]=0; return a[5]; }' | ↩
+      gcc -o a -fmudflap -x c - -lmudflap
+    $ ./a
+    *******
+    mudflap violation 1 (check/write): time=1227208721.922064 ptr=0x1023de0 size=4
+    pc=0x1037a33 location=`<stdin>:1:26 (main)'
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__mf_check+0x33) [0x1037a33]
+          ./a(main+0x7c) [0x80486c4]
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__wrap_main+0x49) [0x1037239]
+    Nearby object 1: checked region begins 68B before and ends 65B before
+    mudflap object 0x80ca268: name=`argv[]'
+    bounds=[0x1023e24,0x1023e2b] size=8 area=static check=0r/0w liveness=0
+    alloc time=1227208721.922064 pc=0x10371d3
+    Nearby object 2: checked region begins 76B before and ends 73B before
+    mudflap object 0x80cb448: name=`environ[]'
+    bounds=[0x1023e2c,0x1023ed7] size=172 area=static check=0r/0w liveness=0
+    alloc time=1227208721.922064 pc=0x10371d3
+    number of nearby objects: 2
+    *******
+    mudflap violation 2 (check/read): time=1227208721.942109 ptr=0x1023dcc size=4
+    pc=0x1037a33 location=`<stdin>:1:35 (main)'
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__mf_check+0x33) [0x1037a33]
+          ./a(main+0xf3) [0x804873b]
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__wrap_main+0x49) [0x1037239]
+    Nearby object 1: checked region begins 88B before and ends 85B before
+    mudflap object 0x80ca268: name=`argv[]'
+    Nearby object 2: checked region begins 96B before and ends 93B before
+    mudflap object 0x80cb448: name=`environ[]'
+    number of nearby objects: 2
+
+Multi-threaded use doesn't:
+
+    $ echo 'int main(void) { int *a; a[10]=0; return a[5]; }' | ↩
+      gcc -include pthread.h -o a -fmudflapth -x c - -lmudflapth -lpthread
+    $ ./a 
+    Killed
+    $ gdb a
+    [...]
+    Starting program: /media/data/home/tschwinge/a 
+    
+    Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
+    0x01180653 in getenv () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    (gdb) bt
+    #0  0x01180653 in getenv () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #1  0x01177a02 in __dcigettext () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #2  0x01176a57 in dcgettext () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #3  0x011c03b5 in strerror_r () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #4  0x01175b57 in __assert_perror_fail () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #5  0x0111f1ad in cthread_fork (func=0x114f630 <_hurd_msgport_receive>, arg=0x0)
+        at /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libpthread/pthread/cthreads-compat.c:41
+    #6  0x0115713e in _hurdsig_init () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #7  0x01140852 in _hurd_proc_init@@GLIBC_2.2.6 () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #8  0x01140e86 in _hurd_init () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #9  0x011690ce in init1 () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #10 0x00001e96 in _dl_start_user () from /lib/ld.so
+    #11 0x00000001 in ?? ()
+    #12 0x01024000 in ?? ()
+    #13 0x00000000 in ?? ()
+
+Also `libmudflap` is pthread-only.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b5128d344ce80cbfc6aa8fd6d84bcddc7e142fb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 22:23:44 +0100
Subject: Add copyright and licensing header.

---
 hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
index a0890fe8..f0fe8b61 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
 Here are some hints about how to approach testing after nontrivial changes to
 glibc have been done.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b1d42782501e37daf05c63d68f23a712babc8e09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 22:33:22 +0100
Subject: hurd/debugging/hurd -> hurd/debugging/translator/gdb

---
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                |  4 +--
 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn           | 53 --------------------------------------
 hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn     | 13 ++++++++++
 hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator.mdwn               |  3 +++
 5 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index b84c5675..e4a98672 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # About Specific Packages
 
-* [[glibc]]
-* [[Hurd]]
+  * [[glibc]]
+  * [[translator]]s
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 043da3e0..00000000
--- a/hurd/debugging/hurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Say you want to try running file system server (*[[translator/ext2fs]]*<!--`[[translator/ext2fs]]`-->,
-*[[translator/jfs]]*<!--`[[translator/jfs]]`-->, ...)  against a modified version of *[[libpager]]*<!--`[[libpager]]`--> and
-debug the latter one using [[GDB]].
-
-Set the [[translator]] like this:
-
-    $ settrans -fgap ↩
-      jfs.img.i ↩
-      /usr/bin/env ↩
-        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager ↩
-      "`pwd`"/jfs.obj/jfs ↩
-      "`pwd`"/jfs.img
-
-Then, when starting GDB, start it like this (or use an equivalent method, of
-course):
-
-    $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager ↩
-      gdb ↩
-      ~tschwinge/tmp/jfs/jfs.obj/jfs 15436
-    GNU gdb 6.5-debian
-    [...]
-    Reading symbols from /lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3...Reading symbols from /lib/debug/lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3...done.
-    done.
-    Loaded symbols for /lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3
-    Reading symbols from /devel4/tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager/libpager.so.0.3...done.
-    Loaded symbols for /devel4/tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager/libpager.so.0.3
-    Reading symbols from /lib/libstore.so.0.3...Reading symbols from /lib/debug/lib/libstore.so.0.3...done.
-    done.
-    Loaded symbols for /lib/libstore.so.0.3
-    [...]
-    (gdb) break pager_demuxer
-    Breakpoint 1 at 0x105c98d: file ../../libpager/demuxer.c, line 27.
-    [...]
-    Breakpoint 1, pager_demuxer (inp=0x12bded0, outp=0x12bbec0) at ../../libpager/demuxer.c:27
-    27      {
-    (gdb) list
-    22      /* Demultiplex a single message directed at a pager port; INP is the
-    23         message received; fill OUTP with the reply.  */
-    24      int
-    25      pager_demuxer (mach_msg_header_t *inp,
-    [...]
-
-Voilà.
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22c8cc2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[inline
+pages="hurd/debugging/translator/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0]]
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bee41010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Say you want to try running file system server ([[`ext2fs`|translator/ext2fs]],
+[[`jfs`|translator/jfs]], ...) against a modified version of
+[[`libpager`|libpager]] and debug the latter one using [[debugging/GDB]].
+
+Set the [[hurd/translator]] like this:
+
+    $ settrans -fgap ↩
+      jfs.img.i ↩
+      /usr/bin/env ↩
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager ↩
+      "$PWD"/jfs.obj/jfs ↩
+        "$PWD"/jfs.img
+
+Then, when starting GDB, start it like this (or use an equivalent method, of
+course):
+
+    $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager ↩
+      gdb ↩
+        ~tschwinge/tmp/jfs/jfs.obj/jfs 15436
+    GNU gdb 6.5-debian
+    [...]
+    Reading symbols from /lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3...Reading symbols from /lib/debug/lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3...done.
+    done.
+    Loaded symbols for /lib/libdiskfs.so.0.3
+    Reading symbols from /devel4/tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager/libpager.so.0.3...done.
+    Loaded symbols for /devel4/tschwinge/tmp/hurd/hurd.ogi/build/libpager/libpager.so.0.3
+    Reading symbols from /lib/libstore.so.0.3...Reading symbols from /lib/debug/lib/libstore.so.0.3...done.
+    done.
+    Loaded symbols for /lib/libstore.so.0.3
+    [...]
+    (gdb) break pager_demuxer
+    Breakpoint 1 at 0x105c98d: file ../../libpager/demuxer.c, line 27.
+    [...]
+    Breakpoint 1, pager_demuxer (inp=0x12bded0, outp=0x12bbec0) at ../../libpager/demuxer.c:27
+    27      {
+    (gdb) list
+    22      /* Demultiplex a single message directed at a pager port; INP is the
+    23         message received; fill OUTP with the reply.  */
+    24      int
+    25      pager_demuxer (mach_msg_header_t *inp,
+    [...]
+
+Voilà.
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 1a987b09..d333da5a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ See some [[examples]] about how to use translators.
 
 Marcus Brinkmann has written a document about [[documentation/translators]].
 
+Here are some [[hints_about_debugging_translators|debugging/translator]]
+available.
+
 
 # Existing Translators
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ad75cac5b15615e206c601ca21cc65618f357b49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 22:50:42 +0100
Subject: About capturing a translator's stdout and stderr.

---
 .../translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn    | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8430287a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Sometimes it may already be helpful to capture a translator's `stdout` and
+`stderr`, for example like this:
+
+    $ sudo settrans -fgap ↩
+      /servers/socket/2 ↩
+      /bin/sh -c '/hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a [...] > /tmp/stdout 2> /tmp/stderr'
+    $ [...]
+    $ cat /tmp/stdout
+    NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
+    IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
+    TCP: Hash tables configured (ehash 65536 bhash 65536)
+    $ cat /tmp/stderr
+    pfinet: ../../hurd.work/pfinet/ethernet.c:196: ethernet_xmit: Unexpected error: (os/device) invalid IO size.
+
+(Trying to run [[GDB]] in this case was of no help -- due to a bug in GDB
+(supposedly) it wouldn't catch the fault.)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7a67fff454fddda32c4ce789cde8449ec9a88f52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 22 Nov 2008 23:56:16 +0100
Subject: Tidy inline directives.

---
 hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn                | 4 +++-
 hurd/faq.mdwn                                 | 1 +
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                         | 1 +
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                  | 1 +
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn              | 1 +
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn                    | 4 ++--
 index.mdwn                                    | 7 +++++++
 microkernel/faq.mdwn                          | 1 +
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn     | 1 +
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn | 1 +
 news.mdwn                                     | 1 +
 11 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
index 22c8cc2c..8e8dd6fb 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
@@ -10,4 +10,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/debugging/translator/* and !*/discussion"
-show=0]]
+show=0
+feeds=no
+actions=yes]]
diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index aab538d9..0227f1c1 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -13,5 +13,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="hurd/faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
index d7dc4d99..c4bcce09 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@ This is a dumping ground for open issues for the GNU Hurd.
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="hurd/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index f4b607bf..227ade02 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@ See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/running/debian/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="hurd/running/debian/faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 7ca91d37..eb46c4c3 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -33,5 +33,6 @@ guidelines.
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/running/debian/porting/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="hurd/running/debian/porting" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index 6d10c163..bb9ef269 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ It's not working correctly at the moment.
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/translator/tmpfs/*"
 show=0
-actions=yes
-rootpage="hurd/translator/tmpfs" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
+feeds=no
+actions=yes]]
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 3103f8f7..8754baab 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -23,9 +23,16 @@ kernels (such as Linux).  *[[More_detailed.|hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd]]*
 
 ## News
 
+[[inline
+pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
+feedonly=yes
+feedshow=10
+sort=title
+reverse=yes]]
 [[inline
 pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
 show=5
+feeds=no
 sort=title
 reverse=yes
 template=newsitem
diff --git a/microkernel/faq.mdwn b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
index 0e129095..f83c65ca 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
@@ -13,5 +13,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[inline
 pages="microkernel/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage=microkernel/faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
index 433ec3ef..ec289708 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@ This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
 [[inline
 pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
index 7a6233da..225f9cfc 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
 [[inline
 pages="microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues"
 postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/news.mdwn b/news.mdwn
index 71058f85..8e5d73da 100644
--- a/news.mdwn
+++ b/news.mdwn
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[inline
 pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
+feeds=no
 sort=title
 reverse=yes
 actions=yes]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1e8531255ac123e6e598aadb59ebcf819016960f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 23 Nov 2008 00:13:00 +0100
Subject: Move getting_help out of hurd/.

---
 getting_help.mdwn      | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/getting_help.mdwn | 21 ---------------------
 sidebar.mdwn           |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 getting_help.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/getting_help.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/getting_help.mdwn b/getting_help.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..342410dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# Essential Documentation
+
+* [[FAQ]]
+* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
+
+# Forums
+
+[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
+
+* [[Mailing_lists]]
+* [[IRC]]
diff --git a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn b/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 342410dd..00000000
--- a/hurd/getting_help.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# Essential Documentation
-
-* [[FAQ]]
-* [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]]
-
-# Forums
-
-[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
-
-* [[Mailing_lists]]
-* [[IRC]]
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index b7acb592..85596be8 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Hurd!
   * **[[Home|/index]]**
   * **[[Community]]**
   * **[[Documentation]]**
-  * **[[Hurd/Getting_Help]]**
+  * **[[Getting_Help]]**
 
 ---
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eaa5c29a2daa5010ce63083cf480027cb3315eb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 23 Nov 2008 18:09:22 +0100
Subject: Formatting.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 76 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index b007928c..8f9f325f 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -33,24 +33,24 @@ installed in the upstream repositories.
 The following ones are known to work.  Others may work as well, but no
 guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
-* `src/binutils`: [[GNU_Binutils|binutils]]
+  * `src/binutils`: [[GNU_Binutils|binutils]]
 
-    * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
+      * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
 
             $ mkdir binutils-2_18-branch
             $ cd binutils-2_18-branch
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
-                co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
+              co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils
 
         The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_18-branch/src/`.  Also use these
         commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
 
-    * The 2.18 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
+      * The 2.18 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
         also be fine, as should be all other recent releases.
 
-* `src/gcc`: [[GNU_Compiler_Collection|gcc]]
+  * `src/gcc`: [[GNU_Compiler_Collection|gcc]]
 
-    * SVN `gcc-4_1-branch`
+      * SVN `gcc-4_1-branch`
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch
 
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd gcc-4_1-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-    * Recent releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+      * Recent releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
         should also be fine.
 
-    * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch`
+      * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch`
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_2-branch
 
@@ -69,18 +69,18 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd gcc-4_2-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-        * Patches:
+          * Patches:
             <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
 
-    * Recent releases of the 4.2 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+      * Recent releases of the 4.2 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
         should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
         `gcc-4_2-branch` needs.
 
         <!--
         GCC 4.3 has not yet been released.
-    * SVN `gcc-4_3-branch`
+      * SVN `gcc-4_3-branch`
         -->
-    * SVN `trunk` -- upcoming 4.3 series
+      * SVN `trunk` -- upcoming 4.3 series
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/trunk
 
@@ -88,31 +88,31 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd trunk/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-        * Patches:
+          * Patches:
             <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-12/msg00029.html>
 
         <!--
         GCC 4.3 has not yet been released.
-    * Recent releases of the 4.3 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+      * Recent releases of the 4.3 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
         should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
         `gcc-4_3-branch` needs.
         -->
 
-* `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
+  * `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
-    * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
+      * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd \
-                co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd ↩
+              co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
             $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
 
         Prepare:
 
             $ ( cd gnumach-1-branch/ && autoreconf -vfi )
 
-* `src/mig`: [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]
+  * `src/mig`: [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]
 
-    * CVS `HEAD`
+      * CVS `HEAD`
 
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
 
@@ -120,55 +120,55 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
 
-* `src/hurd`: [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]]
+  * `src/hurd`: [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]]
 
-    * CVS `HEAD`
+      * CVS `HEAD`
 
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
 
-* `src/glibc`: [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]]
+  * `src/glibc`: [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]]
 
-    * CVS `glibc-2_7-branch`
+      * CVS `glibc-2_7-branch`
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc \
-                co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc ↩
+              co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc
             $ mv libc glibc-2_7-branch
 
-        * Patches:
+          * Patches:
             <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00030.html>
 
-    * Recent releases of the 2.7 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>
+      * Recent releases of the 2.7 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>
         should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
         `glibc-2_7-branch` needs.
 
 <!--
 
-    * CVS `HEAD`
+      * CVS `HEAD`
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc \
-                co glibc
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc ↩
+              co glibc
             $ mv libc glibc-HEAD
 
-        * TODO.
+          * TODO.
             <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00026.html>
 
 -->
 
 <!--
 
-* `src/gdb`: [[GNU_Debugger|gdb]]
+  * `src/gdb`: [[GNU_Debugger|gdb]]
 
     This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
 
-    * CVS `gdb_6_6-branch`
+      * CVS `gdb_6_6-branch`
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src \
-                co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
+              co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
             $ mv src gdb_6_6-branch
 
         Also needs some patch because of MIG changes, if I remember correctly.
 
-    * Recent tarballs from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/> should also work.
+      * Recent tarballs from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/> should also work.
 
 -->
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 818f2a6ea74c80bbda8bdd1e841c02d2e8fe653d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 23 Nov 2008 18:10:57 +0100
Subject: Binutils 2.19.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 8f9f325f..8d13a4a7 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -35,6 +35,19 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
   * `src/binutils`: [[GNU_Binutils|binutils]]
 
+      * CVS `binutils-2_19-branch`
+
+            $ mkdir binutils-2_19-branch
+            $ cd binutils-2_19-branch
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
+              co -r binutils-2_19-branch binutils
+
+        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_19-branch/src/`.  Also use these
+        commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
+
+      * The 2.19 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
+        also be fine.
+
       * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
 
             $ mkdir binutils-2_18-branch
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 114ed23ae6fdf4cb021e7cfbbdbde3367fc89e8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MichaelBanck <MichaelBanck@web>
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2008 19:20:52 +0000
Subject: add note about random-egd package

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
index 0043699e..eee7d0be 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 There is no random device by default as no secure implementation has been
 finished yet.  An easy (but very insecure) work-around is to copy a binary file
-like `/bin/bash` to `/dev/random` and `/dev/urandom`.
+like `/bin/bash` to `/dev/random` and `/dev/urandom`.  A slightly more secure
+alternative is installing the `random-egd` from the `debian-ports` repository.
+ 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0e532fa981a9b1ad8e1165dfe4375fbb9fca95e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2008 00:22:28 +0100
Subject: Incorporate
 <http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2008-11/msg00031.html> and further
 improvements.

---
 hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
index f0fe8b61..54a3446c 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ glibc have been done.
 
 ---
 
-First step is having the build a glibc complete.  This is actually more
-difficult than one might expect, as it involves (towards the end of the build
-process; unless you are cross-building, of course), that the newly created
-libraries and loader actually work: they're used to run the `rpcgen`
-program.  If that step doesn't succeed, it'll look similar to this:
+First step is having the build of glibc succeed.  This is actually more
+difficult than one might expect as it involves (towards the end of the build
+process -- unless you are [[building/cross-compiling]], of course -- that the
+newly created libraries and loader actually work: they'll be used to run the
+`rpcgen` program.  If that step doesn't succeed, it'll look similar to this:
 
     [...]
     CPP='gcc -E -x c-header' [...]/build/elf/ld.so.1 --library-path [...] [...]/build/sunrpc/rpcgen [...]
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ program.  If that step doesn't succeed, it'll look similar to this:
 
 ---
 
-If building glibc succeeds, the next thing to try is running the test suite, or
-parts of it.
+Unless [[building/cross-compiling]], the next thing you'll probably want to do
+is running the test suite, or parts of it.
 
 Here is a list of known failures:
 
@@ -34,10 +34,28 @@ Here is a list of known failures:
 
 ---
 
-Make sure static linking is working OK at all.  The `elf/sln` program (a
-stripped-down `ln` that is statically linked) in the glibc build ought to test
-that.  Also, static linking under various conditions will already have been
-tested when running the test suite, especially in `elf/` and `dlfcn/`.
+If you've been doing simple changes to glibc functions that end up in
+`libc.so`, you may test them like this (like for a `strerror_l` implementation
+in this case):
+
+    $ LD_PRELOAD=./libc.so ./ld.so ./a.out 10 1073741928 de_DE.utf8
+    1073741928 (0x40000068): Computer bought the farm
+    1073741928 (0x40000068): Der Computer hat den Bauernhof erworben
+
+You usually will only have luck using the new `libc.so` (from
+`[glibc-build]/libc.so`) in combination together with the new `ld.so` (from
+`[glibc-build]/elf/ld.so`):
+
+    $ LD_PRELOAD=./libc.so ./a.out 10 1073741928 de_DE.utf8
+    Killed
+    $ LD_PRELOAD=./libc.so /lib/ld.so ./a.out 10 1073741928 de_DE.utf8
+    Killed
+
+Make sure static linking is working OK at all.  Running the
+`[glibc-build]/elf/sln` program (a stripped-down `ln` that is statically
+linked) ought to test that.  Also, static linking under various conditions will
+already have been tested when running the test suite, especially in `elf/` and
+`dlfcn/`.
 
 Make sure static linking with cthreads is working.  If you can get an
 `ext2fs.static` compiled and linked against the new glibc, that is good.
@@ -51,8 +69,8 @@ Then debug its startup as a normal program on your working hurd.
 
 Then try its full server startup.
 
-    $ settrans -ca node [...]/ext2fs.static <BACKEND>
-    $ cd node/
+    $ settrans -ca node [...]/ext2fs.static BACKING_STORE
+    $ ls -l node/
     [...]
 
 Make sure dynamic linking for servers is working.  If you haven't broken the
@@ -61,7 +79,7 @@ glibc's `testrun.sh` does it.
 
 [TODO]: Is this the correct way to do that?
 
-    $ settrans -ca node [glibc]/build/testrun.sh /hurd/ext2fs <BACKEND>
+    $ settrans -ca node [glibc]/build/testrun.sh /hurd/ext2fs BACKING_STORE
     $ cd node/
     [...]
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1ef24b38c7bc9952bbeba13d997eeec11154d3a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2008 00:22:49 +0100
Subject: Remove sources, as they're in the RCS history.

---
 hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn | 7 -------
 1 file changed, 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
index 54a3446c..912f656c 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
@@ -90,10 +90,3 @@ Test it in a [[subhurd]].
 ---
 
 Test it on a real system.
-
----
-
-Sources:
-
-* <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-02/msg00038.html>
-* [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]'s mind
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f67a4d6511e325d6ebdf1c133029f398c63825aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2008 15:42:27 +0100
Subject: Talk about GCC 4.3 and SVN trunk.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 41 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 8d13a4a7..80239860 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -71,29 +71,40 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd gcc-4_1-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-      * Recent releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
-        should also be fine.
+      * Releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> should
+        also be fine.
 
       * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch`
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_2-branch
 
+          * Patches:
+            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
+
         Prepare:
 
             $ ( cd gcc-4_2-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
+      * Releases of the 4.2 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> should
+        also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the `gcc-4_2-branch`
+        needs.
+
+      * SVN `gcc-4_3-branch`
+
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_3-branch
+
           * Patches:
             <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
 
-      * Recent releases of the 4.2 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
-        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
-        `gcc-4_2-branch` needs.
+        Prepare:
 
-        <!--
-        GCC 4.3 has not yet been released.
-      * SVN `gcc-4_3-branch`
-        -->
-      * SVN `trunk` -- upcoming 4.3 series
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_3-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
+      * Releases of the 4.3 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> should
+        also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the `gcc-4_3-branch`
+        needs.
+
+      * SVN `trunk` -- upcoming 4.4 series
 
             $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/trunk
 
@@ -101,16 +112,6 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
             $ ( cd trunk/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-          * Patches:
-            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-12/msg00029.html>
-
-        <!--
-        GCC 4.3 has not yet been released.
-      * Recent releases of the 4.3 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
-        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
-        `gcc-4_3-branch` needs.
-        -->
-
   * `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
       * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 64053fc344b6874499ddf82c6a97d6e9031a546d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 1 Dec 2008 16:36:14 +0100
Subject: C++ problem with GCC SVN trunk.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn     |  2 ++
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index ec412b9c..c15f40aa 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -42,3 +42,5 @@ Additionally:
     might/should often contain those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
 
   * [[`libmudflap`|libmudflap]].
+
+  * [[C++]].
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d64b9b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Modify the [[building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
+building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
+
+Compiling a most-trivial C++ program used to work with GCC 4.2 and 4.3 (and the
+resulting binaries would also work), but linking fails with GCC SVN trunk:
+
+    $ $TARGET-g++ -Wall a.cc -lpthread
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__multf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fixunstfsi'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__subtf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__divtf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__copysigntf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__addtf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__lttf2'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatsitf'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__netf2'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatunsitf'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__eqtf2'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fabstf2'
+    collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
+
+Whether this defect report also applies to a natively-build GCC from SVN trunk
+has not yet been checked.
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] suspects the problem to be a configuration issue
+of a GCC helper library, whose configuration setup has changed after GCC 4.3.
+
+The need for `-lpthread` is another story.  See the Debian glibc patches
+repository for details.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6009b5bcee50dd687220b8113488175bec11420c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2008 16:08:57 +0100
Subject: Another minor git-core issue.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4f095c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+On the otherwise-idle flubber:
+
+    $ git clone git://sources.redhat.com/git/glibc.git
+    Initialized empty Git repository in /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/glibc/glibc/.git/
+    remote: Generating pack...
+    remote: Done counting 380933 objects.
+    remote: Deltifying 380933 objects...
+    remote:  100% (380933/380933) done
+    remote: Total 380933 (delta 294166), reused 380686 (delta 294002)
+    Receiving objects: 100% (380933/380933), 70.31 MiB | 27 KiB/s, done.
+    Resolving deltas: 100% (294166/294166), done.
+    error: git-checkout-index: unable to create file iconvdata/ibm1122.c (Interrupted system call)
+    error: git-checkout-index: unable to create file localedata/charmaps/IBM862 (Interrupted system call)
+    Checking out files: 100% (10676/10676), done.
+    $ git status
+    # On branch master
+    # Changed but not updated:
+    #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+    #
+    #       modified:   iconvdata/ibm1122.c
+    #       modified:   localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+    #
+    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+    $ ls -l iconvdata/ibm1122.c localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+    -rw-r--r-- 1 tschwinge tschwinge 0 2008-12-15 15:49 iconvdata/ibm1122.c
+    -rw-r--r-- 1 tschwinge tschwinge 0 2008-12-15 15:49 localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+
+So these files are indeed of zero-length in the checked-out tree.  Is this
+git's fault or something else's?
+
+Fixing this situation is easy enough:
+
+    $ git checkout -- iconvdata/ibm1122.c localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+    $ git status
+    # On branch master
+    nothing to commit (working directory clean)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6abe3c1e8a9e3a58d50d098a6211632d02d9a250 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2008 23:38:33 +0100
Subject: hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr: Note about
 line-buffering.

---
 hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
index 8430287a..e95d6e12 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -24,3 +24,10 @@ Sometimes it may already be helpful to capture a translator's `stdout` and
 
 (Trying to run [[GDB]] in this case was of no help -- due to a bug in GDB
 (supposedly) it wouldn't catch the fault.)
+
+Be made aware that both `stdout` and `stderr` will be block bufferend and no
+longer line buffered when doing such a redirection, so you'll have to arrange
+for appropriate `fflush`es on these, or force them to be line buffered again
+using the appropriate glibc magic (`setvbuf`).  Otherwise you'll see text in
+the output files only if either glibc herself decides to flush (after some KiB
+of text) the after translator exits.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2ad751d132f4e684e5cc24949b780ed1dfa750b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: arnuld <arnuld@web>
Date: Wed, 31 Dec 2008 11:12:00 +0000
Subject: corrections

---
 hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt b/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
index a94a28f4..c7e0ffe8 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
+++ b/hurd/faq/old_hurd_faq.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Original Document by: Derek Upham <upham@cs.ubc.ca>
 
 Contents:
 
-Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
+Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU Hurd FAQ?
 Q2.  Where can I get a copy?
 Q3.  Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD?
 Q4.  What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)?
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ Q9.  What sort of system would we have if the Hurd was bootable today?
 
 ==============================
 
-Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU&nbsp;Hurd FAQ?
+Q0.  Where can I get the Unofficial GNU Hurd FAQ?
 
 The Unofficial Hurd FAQ (what you are reading now) is occasionally
 posted to the USENET newsgroup, gnu.misc.discuss.  It is also
 available from
 
-   http://www.enci.ucalgary.ca/~gord/hurd/hurd-faq.txt
+   http://www.enci.ucalgary.ca/~gord/hurd/hurd-faq.txt  (Broken Link ?)
 
 If you don't have WWW access, you may send mail to me, Gordon
 Matzigkeit <gord@enci.ucalgary.ca> with a subject line that reads:
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 65d63f90786ff11cd35c4ee64fa7c099d1deafbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 9 Jan 2009 15:25:22 +0100
Subject: Stub page for a devfs translator.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn       |  5 ++++-
 hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index d333da5a..0823f0db 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ available.
 
 # Translator wishlist
 
+* [[devfs]]
+
 * FUSE(fuse.sourceforge.net/) compatilbility library. : just modify FUSE apps a and compile little to work as translator :-)
 
 * File Finder. (uses find, grep, a combination or a custom command (htdig, mp3 info)
diff --git a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc1cf11f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`devfs` is a translator sitting on `/dev` and providing what is to be provided
+in there in a dynamic fashion -- as compared to static passive translator
+settings as they're used now.
+
+`devfs` has not yet been written.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 19914d1594d40388652c78ade1289691d6abfbb8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 9 Jan 2009 15:26:44 +0100
Subject: About page-in.

---
 hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
index bc1cf11f..7a00519c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
@@ -13,3 +13,8 @@ in there in a dynamic fashion -- as compared to static passive translator
 settings as they're used now.
 
 `devfs` has not yet been written.
+
+---
+
+If applicable, it has to be taken care that all code concerning the page-in
+path is resident at all times.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a9f82b46298b1771948a284206f254c64eadee5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2009 10:41:16 +0100
Subject: Restructure.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn | 20 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index c15f40aa..4d783658 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -30,16 +30,18 @@ integrated.
 
 Additionally:
 
-  * `libgcc/configure.ac` [might
-    need](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html) to be
-    aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  As well as at the end of
-    `libgcc/config.host`.  Check.
+  * Configure fragments that have `*linux*` cases might/should often contain
+    those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
 
-        checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
-        checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
+      * `libgcc/configure.ac` [might
+        need](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html) to be
+        aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  As well as at the end of
+        `libgcc/config.host`.  Check.
 
-  * Also in other places: configure fragments that have `*linux*` cases
-    might/should often contain those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
+            checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
+            checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
+
+      * `libgomp/configure.tgt`
 
   * [[`libmudflap`|libmudflap]].
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 27d13175ccd378e4d3531176276475dd84af5fed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 19 Jan 2009 13:09:16 +0100
Subject: Move some pages, remove others that are either out of date or whose
 content is duplicated somewhere else.

---
 grub.mdwn                              |  72 ++++++++++++
 grub/tftp_boot.mdwn                    |  42 +++++++
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                     |   6 +-
 hurd/running/debian/CrossInstall.mdwn  |   2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn |   2 +-
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn              |   4 +-
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                 |   2 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                   | 124 +--------------------
 hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn        | 129 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn        | 189 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 unsorted/ABITransitionStatus.mdwn      |   9 --
 unsorted/AdvancedGrubUsage.mdwn        |  42 -------
 unsorted/AptConfOffline.mdwn           |  28 -----
 unsorted/BootProcess.mdwn              |  36 ------
 unsorted/GNOME.mdwn                    |  11 --
 unsorted/GrubNotes.mdwn                |  70 ------------
 unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn             |   2 +-
 unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn              |   2 +-
 unsorted/LuisBustamanteHurdPage.mdwn   |  11 --
 unsorted/NewMachHistory.mdwn           |  27 -----
 unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn                |   2 +-
 unsorted/PppDaemon.mdwn                |   6 -
 unsorted/TranslatorExamples.mdwn       |  61 -----------
 unsorted/TranslatorPages.mdwn          |  51 ---------
 unsorted/TranslatorWishList.mdwn       | 193 ---------------------------------
 25 files changed, 449 insertions(+), 674 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 grub.mdwn
 create mode 100644 grub/tftp_boot.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/ABITransitionStatus.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/AdvancedGrubUsage.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/AptConfOffline.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/BootProcess.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/GNOME.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/GrubNotes.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/LuisBustamanteHurdPage.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/NewMachHistory.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/PppDaemon.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/TranslatorExamples.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/TranslatorPages.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/TranslatorWishList.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/grub.mdwn b/grub.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a63ad181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# [GRUB](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/)
+
+This section complements the [[InstallNotes]] with complete information regarding the GRUB boot loader. The syntax is different from Lilo's and so to scratch my own itch I'm creating this quick reference. The [Grub manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html) is another good reference.
+
+* update-grub is **Debian specific** and very nice. It will automatically create a /boot/grub/menu.lst file for the kernels in /boot/. It will also append a manually configured set for other partitions like the GNU/Hurd.
+* grub-floppy is a **Debian specific** boot floppy creation script.
+* mkbimage is a **Debian specific** boot disk image creation script.
+* <http://khazad.dyndns.org/packages/grub-disk/> contains a Debian packaged makefile for creating CD &amp; floppy images. Looks like it doesn't work properly. If you fix it, please send patches to the maintainer.
+* essential GRUB commands &amp; disk syntax
+  * root
+  * kernel
+  * module
+  * boot
+* sample file
+
+    title      GNU/Linux
+    root       (hd0,11)
+    kernel     /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18 root=/dev/hda12 ro
+    initrd     /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18
+    savedefault
+
+    title      GNU
+    root       (hd0,15)
+    kernel     /boot/oskit-mach root=device:hd0s16 --
+    module     /hurd/ext2fs.static                              \
+               --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line}  \
+               --host-priv-port=${host-port}                    \
+               --device-master-port=${device-port}              \
+               --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                  \
+               -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
+    module     /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
+    savedefault
+
+    title           DOS
+    rootnoverify    (hd0,0)
+    chainloader +1
+
+-- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 01 Oct 2002 <br /> -- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 22 Dec 2002
+
+Another example, just as good, but a lot easier to read. The backslash at the end of each line is to "escape" the enter-key. So make sure there are no spaces following the backslashes!
+
+    title GNU/Linux (Linux 2.4.18)
+       root            (hd0,11)
+       kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18 root=/dev/hda12 ro
+       initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18
+       savedefault
+
+    title GNUmach 1.3
+       root (hd0,1)
+       kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd0s2
+       module /hurd/ext2fs.static --readonly                  \
+              --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \
+              --host-priv-port=${host-port}                   \
+              --device-master-port=${device-port}             \
+              --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                 \
+              -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
+       module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
+
+    title GNUmach 1.90 (CVS)
+       root (hd0,1)
+       kernel /boot/oskit-mach.gz root=device:hd0s2 --
+       module /hurd/ext2fs.static --readonly                  \
+              --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \
+              --host-priv-port=${host-port}                   \
+              --device-master-port=${device-port}             \
+              --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                 \
+              -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
+       module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
+
+Note the differences between GNUmach and OSKit-Mach. The latter **needs** the two dashes after the root specification!
+
+-- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 09 Nov 2002
diff --git a/grub/tftp_boot.mdwn b/grub/tftp_boot.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e307b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/grub/tftp_boot.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+## <a name="Advanced_Grub"> Advanced Grub </a>
+
+[Grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) is a capable boot loader. This document is intended to capture some of its most interesting features and try to explain them a bit better than the texinfo documentation.
+
+### <a name="Debian_Grub"> Debian Grub </a>
+
+The Debian grub packages do not have networking enabled, so you have to apt-get the source, modify the debian/rules file to include --enable-network-card and dpkg-buildpackage to get a .deb of grub that supports TFTP.
+
+1. cd /usr/src/debian
+2. apt-get source grub
+3. cd grub-\_VERSION\_
+4. Add `--enable-tulip` or similar for your NIC to the `./configure` line of the `configure-stamp` target in the `debian/rules` file.
+5. `dpkg-buildpackage` (as `root`)
+6. `cd ..`
+7. `dpkg -i grub*.deb`
+8. cp /lib/grub/\_ARCH\_/\* /boot/grub/, e.g., _ARCH_ is `i386-pc`
+9. Edit your `/boot/grub/menu.lst` (see below)
+10. If your boot disk is `/dev/hda` ==&gt; `grub-install (hd0)`
+
+### <a name="TFTP_Boot"> </a> TFTP Boot
+
+Using trivial ftp to load a kernel is one of the best features of Grub. Here is how it is done.
+
+The `menu.lst` can look something like this:
+
+    ifconfig --address=192.168.1.2 --server=192.168.1.1
+    root (nd)
+    kernel /gnu/boot/oskit-mach.gz root=device:hd0s2 --
+    root (hd0,1)
+    module /hurd/ext2fs.static                              \
+           --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line}  \
+           --host-priv-port=${host-port}                    \
+           --device-master-port=${device-port}              \
+           --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                  \
+           -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
+    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
+
+**Note: Make sure there are NO spaces after the trailing backslases (\\)!!**
+
+For more information on GNUmach modules lines and installation setup, see [[Hurd/InstallNotes]]
+
+-- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 13 Apr 2005
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index ab649ebc..6b81691b 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -31,3 +32,6 @@ device node below `/dev`...
 
 At <http://www.kataplop.net/pub/info/projets> you can find some effort to make
 some crypto store.
+
+At <http://www.trek.eu.org/devel/hurd/crypt-trans-0.0.3.tgz>, another package
+can be found.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/CrossInstall.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/CrossInstall.mdwn
index 9a07424e..1cde150c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/CrossInstall.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/CrossInstall.mdwn
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Now the program starts retrieving all the necessary base packages.
 
 ### <a name="Preparing_to_reboot"> Preparing to reboot </a>
 
-When all packages have been extracted we must prepare [[GrubNotes]] for the Hurd when we reboot. Add the below entry to your `/boot/grub/menu.lst` file to boot the Hurd in single user mode (-s). Single user mode is needed only for the two reboots when running the Native Install.
+When all packages have been extracted we must prepare [[GRUB]] for the Hurd when we reboot. Add the below entry to your `/boot/grub/menu.lst` file to boot the Hurd in single user mode (-s). Single user mode is needed only for the two reboots when running the Native Install.
 
     title GNU (kernel GNUmach 1.3)
       root (hd0,2)
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
index b795fd2b..4cdcaea9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ In order to use DHCP, you need to install the `dhcp-client` package and run `dhc
 
 You surely want grub to have a nice menu entry able to boot GNU, instead of
 typing a boring arcane.  There are Debian-specific scripts that may help
-you.  See the [[GrubNotes]] for this.
+you.  See [[GRUB]]'s page for this.
 
 
 # Setup `apt-get`
diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index b0a6badd..935c0c2d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
-  <dt>[[GrubNotes]]</dt>
-  <dd> A quick reference and explanation. There's also a topic for the new [[GrubConf]]. </dd>
+  <dt>[[GRUB]]</dt>
+  <dd> A quick reference and explanation. </dd>
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 7e4816f5..f13ef5c8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 # What is Needed to create a QEMU image
 
 1. First thing is to install [[/QEMU]].
-2. A [grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
+2. A [[grub]] boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
 3. You will need a [Debian/Hurd installation CD](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd). K16 works fine.
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 0823f0db..0cfcc5fa 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -73,123 +73,7 @@ available.
 * ...
 
 
-# Translator wishlist
-
-* [[devfs]]
-
-* FUSE(fuse.sourceforge.net/) compatilbility library. : just modify FUSE apps a and compile little to work as translator :-)
-
-* File Finder. (uses find, grep, a combination or a custom command (htdig, mp3 info)
-   * Files found will be available under one directory and then can be used like a normal directory
-   * usefull to generate Albums, Share only resulting files over the et, etc..
-   * The filefinder can be scheduled or can be connected over some ipc like dbus to the VFS system if any to keep a watch for new files.
-
-* GNOKII, BitPim and openobex as translators
-   * grep through your SMSs!
-   * share your addressbook!
-   * "Attach" that funny SMS/MMS to your email.
-   * "svn commit" your joke collection :-D
-
-* Real Language Translator [[br]]
-   * cat /usr/translator/de-en/usr/share/doc/something.txt should take /usr/share/doc/something.txt , submit it to google's website and bring back results.
-
-* Mozilla Bookmarks = del.ici.ous
-   * Need more explanation ? ;-)
-
-* <http://hnb.sf.net>
-   * having a directory structure for a file can allow to "svn commit"  the hnb document in a more "node-safe" manner, thus allowing multiple people to work on the same hnb document.
-   * This must be fairly easy as HNB can already export to XML and XMLfs already exists.
-
-* DavFS 
-   * Just setup a 'WebDav share' as a directory. The implimentation of the protocol is already available in nautilus and konqueror.
-
-* Compiled form of your project 
-   *  you have your project in /somedir/project with source in /somedir/project/src .. /somedir/project/bin should always have the compiled version.. is it possible?
-   * The source has to have a MakeFile.
-   * creating /somedir/project/bin-somearch should aotomatically crosscompile
-   * Seems feasible for a small project.
-
-* Report generation FrameWork - an idea to be hugged by app developers..not kernel developers.
-   * You have financial data in some Spreadsheet like format in /yourFinance directory
-   * You add report templates to /yourFinance/repTemplates
-   * Once you save data in /yourFinance the next cat /yourFinance/reports/areportname will give you an uptodate report.
-   * This will be usefull for any purpose including serving by static page web servers, sharing over samba/nfs/ftp etc.!
-   * The advantage is any save to the spreadsheet will update the report.. not just from one software.
-
-* SVN  (Subversion suite) 
-   * like [[cvsfs]]. /svndir/version/version-no should automatically have subversion  
-   * I think it is nice to write a generalised version control system framework library which will help in writing version control translators and other tools easily.
-
-* Flexi-acls
-   * First of all - Can this be done? : A translator bound to a directory must be able to access the contents of the directory which would have been accessible in the absence of the translator.. 
-   * This will enable to wirte translators that can implement custom "Access Control Lists". Just imagine having advanced ACLs even if underlying FileSystem is dumb!  Imagine changing the type of ACLs implemented with Just two commands - one to unattach previous translator and the next to attach a different ACL translator! The ACLs themselves may be stored in a different directory
-
-* The translator manager!
-   * Some translators will need to be inserted automatically - like for eg: hardware drivers ..
-   * Each hardware translator will pubish its capabilities.
-   * The "top" translator will query the capabilities of different hardware and match capabilities with the "slave" translators. That is it's only Job.
-   * The control is then handed over to the slave translator.
-   * The ranking not only looks who can handle the "most" capabilites of the hardware. If it finds that multiple translators can handle the same hardware, It will use other parameters to choose between them.. like may be the size in memory? The revision date? Stability (inferred from version number)? And to go to the extreme, the profiling data of the driver ;-P
-   * Advantage : The best driver wins!
-
-* An eg. Skip it if you understood the above :-):  
-   * You have a driver that can handle VGA + SVGA + Super3d acceleration + Particle graphics + Works for nvidea card.      
-   * You have a driver that can handle SVGA + VGA .
-   * You have a driver that can handle VGA.
-   * Case 1: Your card: A VGA card with some extra fonts.. 
-      * First the VGA driver will be quireied .. ok can handle essential capability. 
-      * Next SVGA driver:  can handle but has extra module.. unnecassary weight .
-      * The Nvidia driver:  can handle , but again unnecassary weight : ruled out.
-      * Winner : VGA driver:
-    * Case 2: Your card An SVGA card: 
-       * First the VGA driver will be quireied .. ok can handle one essential capability. 
-       * Next SVGA driver:  can handle essential and one extra capability no extra weight..
-       * The Nvidia driver:  can handle , but  unnecassary weight : ruled out.
-       * Winner : SVGA driver..
-    * Case 3 : You have an VGA  .. but  no VGA driver .. then the SVGA driver would win.
-
-* Sound Server 
-   * /ahsa   - stands for Advanced HURD sound architecture :-) Just a temporary name ..  for fun.
-   * /ahsa/out   - directory wich will hold "plug"s where apllications come and join the server .. see below.
-   * /ahsa/out/mixer  - main mixer 
-   * /ahsa/out/nextfree  - the file when "cat"ed gives the number of the next free plug
-   * /ahsa/plugins/ - info about available plugins
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/  - dynamically generated directories for applications to plug on..
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/data this is where you should do a "cat somerawsoundfile>/ahsa/out/`cat /ahsa/nextfree`/data"
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins  -  the plugin stack .. volume is also a plugin..
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/    - echo "plugin param1 param2 param3" > /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/`cat /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/nextfree`/add
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/params/{param1.. paramn}
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/data.out - can be catted to get data processed through the server
-   * /ahsa/in - similar to /ahsa/out .. with except for an extra file to choose input devices.
-   * /ahsa/devs/{1..n} - devices detected .. can be dynamic .. there are usb soundcards and and midi devices.   
-   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/0/params/dev
-   * Dont get tempted for :/ahsa/out/[1..n]/params/{rate, channels, and other stuff}
-   * that goes into /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/0/params if /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/0/detected == "headerless audio"
-   * There are a lot more things I can continue about the "sound server" .. The Ideas simply dont seem to exhaust..
-   * Some features/advantages 
-   * set output's translator plugin as ordinary text -- have text to speech conversion done by sound server! 
-   * Create and apply plugin presets by simply copying directories!
-   * Me getting dizzy thinking of the zillion more advantages. 
-   * If you are really doing some ordinary output , all you need to do is "cat" data into next free "plug" and everything will be autodetected including the format of the data and sent to the final sound "merge"r
-   * Dizzy ...
-
-* /usr/share/menu !!!! extension for package management idea ..
-   * cat mymenuitem.menu >> /usr/share/menu/menu
-   * cat /usr/share/menu/debian/kde ... :-)
-
-* Spam/Malware Control 
-   * /usr/antimalware/ - put your mail here.. it will automatically be scanned. when finished it will vanish from here .. 
-   * /usr/antimalware/clean - ... and pop out from here 
-   * /usr/antimalware/malware - or here.
-
-* NetDevice
-   * !JustImagine(tm)... settrans -ac /netdevices /hurd/netdevfs - [ host  | net ] 
-   * One can access device files remotely
-   * This could be acheived by allowing translators talk to one another over a network
-   * This will need translators to catch and handle ioctls (if there is such a thing in HURD).
-   * The device server which will listen to requests from the translators can be run even on a Linux machine!!!
-   * !JustImagine(tm)... accessing the crwriter/webcam on that GNU/Linux machine on the network using cdrecord of your local hurd machine!      
-   * !JustImagine(tm)... running GNU/HURD on a minimalistic GNU/Linux(but with all the drivers) through a specially modified and optimised Qemu. The device server runs on the host machine, and the client translators access  over the virtual network created by Qemu. You got most of the drivers for free!
-
-* Emacs File VFS
-   * I came to know from my Emacs loving friend that there are lots of VFS handlers in Emacs.. I was wondering if there can be translator which can tap into these Emacs VFS handlers. 
+# Translator Wishlists
+
+  * [[wishlist_1]]
+  * [[wishlist_2]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn b/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a4d591a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+* [[devfs]]
+
+* FUSE(fuse.sourceforge.net/) compatilbility library. : just modify FUSE apps a and compile little to work as translator :-)
+
+* File Finder. (uses find, grep, a combination or a custom command (htdig, mp3 info)
+   * Files found will be available under one directory and then can be used like a normal directory
+   * usefull to generate Albums, Share only resulting files over the et, etc..
+   * The filefinder can be scheduled or can be connected over some ipc like dbus to the VFS system if any to keep a watch for new files.
+
+* GNOKII, BitPim and openobex as translators
+   * grep through your SMSs!
+   * share your addressbook!
+   * "Attach" that funny SMS/MMS to your email.
+   * "svn commit" your joke collection :-D
+
+* Real Language Translator [[br]]
+   * cat /usr/translator/de-en/usr/share/doc/something.txt should take /usr/share/doc/something.txt , submit it to google's website and bring back results.
+
+* Mozilla Bookmarks = del.ici.ous
+   * Need more explanation ? ;-)
+
+* <http://hnb.sf.net>
+   * having a directory structure for a file can allow to "svn commit"  the hnb document in a more "node-safe" manner, thus allowing multiple people to work on the same hnb document.
+   * This must be fairly easy as HNB can already export to XML and XMLfs already exists.
+
+* DavFS 
+   * Just setup a 'WebDav share' as a directory. The implimentation of the protocol is already available in nautilus and konqueror.
+
+* Compiled form of your project 
+   *  you have your project in /somedir/project with source in /somedir/project/src .. /somedir/project/bin should always have the compiled version.. is it possible?
+   * The source has to have a MakeFile.
+   * creating /somedir/project/bin-somearch should aotomatically crosscompile
+   * Seems feasible for a small project.
+
+* Report generation FrameWork - an idea to be hugged by app developers..not kernel developers.
+   * You have financial data in some Spreadsheet like format in /yourFinance directory
+   * You add report templates to /yourFinance/repTemplates
+   * Once you save data in /yourFinance the next cat /yourFinance/reports/areportname will give you an uptodate report.
+   * This will be usefull for any purpose including serving by static page web servers, sharing over samba/nfs/ftp etc.!
+   * The advantage is any save to the spreadsheet will update the report.. not just from one software.
+
+* SVN  (Subversion suite) 
+   * like [[cvsfs]]. /svndir/version/version-no should automatically have subversion  
+   * I think it is nice to write a generalised version control system framework library which will help in writing version control translators and other tools easily.
+
+* Flexi-acls
+   * First of all - Can this be done? : A translator bound to a directory must be able to access the contents of the directory which would have been accessible in the absence of the translator.. 
+   * This will enable to wirte translators that can implement custom "Access Control Lists". Just imagine having advanced ACLs even if underlying FileSystem is dumb!  Imagine changing the type of ACLs implemented with Just two commands - one to unattach previous translator and the next to attach a different ACL translator! The ACLs themselves may be stored in a different directory
+
+* The translator manager!
+   * Some translators will need to be inserted automatically - like for eg: hardware drivers ..
+   * Each hardware translator will pubish its capabilities.
+   * The "top" translator will query the capabilities of different hardware and match capabilities with the "slave" translators. That is it's only Job.
+   * The control is then handed over to the slave translator.
+   * The ranking not only looks who can handle the "most" capabilites of the hardware. If it finds that multiple translators can handle the same hardware, It will use other parameters to choose between them.. like may be the size in memory? The revision date? Stability (inferred from version number)? And to go to the extreme, the profiling data of the driver ;-P
+   * Advantage : The best driver wins!
+
+* An eg. Skip it if you understood the above :-):  
+   * You have a driver that can handle VGA + SVGA + Super3d acceleration + Particle graphics + Works for nvidea card.      
+   * You have a driver that can handle SVGA + VGA .
+   * You have a driver that can handle VGA.
+   * Case 1: Your card: A VGA card with some extra fonts.. 
+      * First the VGA driver will be quireied .. ok can handle essential capability. 
+      * Next SVGA driver:  can handle but has extra module.. unnecassary weight .
+      * The Nvidia driver:  can handle , but again unnecassary weight : ruled out.
+      * Winner : VGA driver:
+    * Case 2: Your card An SVGA card: 
+       * First the VGA driver will be quireied .. ok can handle one essential capability. 
+       * Next SVGA driver:  can handle essential and one extra capability no extra weight..
+       * The Nvidia driver:  can handle , but  unnecassary weight : ruled out.
+       * Winner : SVGA driver..
+    * Case 3 : You have an VGA  .. but  no VGA driver .. then the SVGA driver would win.
+
+* Sound Server 
+   * /ahsa   - stands for Advanced HURD sound architecture :-) Just a temporary name ..  for fun.
+   * /ahsa/out   - directory wich will hold "plug"s where apllications come and join the server .. see below.
+   * /ahsa/out/mixer  - main mixer 
+   * /ahsa/out/nextfree  - the file when "cat"ed gives the number of the next free plug
+   * /ahsa/plugins/ - info about available plugins
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/  - dynamically generated directories for applications to plug on..
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/data this is where you should do a "cat somerawsoundfile>/ahsa/out/`cat /ahsa/nextfree`/data"
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins  -  the plugin stack .. volume is also a plugin..
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/    - echo "plugin param1 param2 param3" > /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/`cat /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/nextfree`/add
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/params/{param1.. paramn}
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/data.out - can be catted to get data processed through the server
+   * /ahsa/in - similar to /ahsa/out .. with except for an extra file to choose input devices.
+   * /ahsa/devs/{1..n} - devices detected .. can be dynamic .. there are usb soundcards and and midi devices.   
+   * /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/[1..m]/0/params/dev
+   * Dont get tempted for :/ahsa/out/[1..n]/params/{rate, channels, and other stuff}
+   * that goes into /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/0/params if /ahsa/out/[1..n]/plugins/0/detected == "headerless audio"
+   * There are a lot more things I can continue about the "sound server" .. The Ideas simply dont seem to exhaust..
+   * Some features/advantages 
+   * set output's translator plugin as ordinary text -- have text to speech conversion done by sound server! 
+   * Create and apply plugin presets by simply copying directories!
+   * Me getting dizzy thinking of the zillion more advantages. 
+   * If you are really doing some ordinary output , all you need to do is "cat" data into next free "plug" and everything will be autodetected including the format of the data and sent to the final sound "merge"r
+   * Dizzy ...
+
+* /usr/share/menu !!!! extension for package management idea ..
+   * cat mymenuitem.menu >> /usr/share/menu/menu
+   * cat /usr/share/menu/debian/kde ... :-)
+
+* Spam/Malware Control 
+   * /usr/antimalware/ - put your mail here.. it will automatically be scanned. when finished it will vanish from here .. 
+   * /usr/antimalware/clean - ... and pop out from here 
+   * /usr/antimalware/malware - or here.
+
+* NetDevice
+   * !JustImagine(tm)... settrans -ac /netdevices /hurd/netdevfs - [ host  | net ] 
+   * One can access device files remotely
+   * This could be acheived by allowing translators talk to one another over a network
+   * This will need translators to catch and handle ioctls (if there is such a thing in HURD).
+   * The device server which will listen to requests from the translators can be run even on a Linux machine!!!
+   * !JustImagine(tm)... accessing the crwriter/webcam on that GNU/Linux machine on the network using cdrecord of your local hurd machine!      
+   * !JustImagine(tm)... running GNU/HURD on a minimalistic GNU/Linux(but with all the drivers) through a specially modified and optimised Qemu. The device server runs on the host machine, and the client translators access  over the virtual network created by Qemu. You got most of the drivers for free!
+
+* Emacs File VFS
+   * I came to know from my Emacs loving friend that there are lots of VFS handlers in Emacs.. I was wondering if there can be translator which can tap into these Emacs VFS handlers. 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn b/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ea68999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+## <a name="Introduction"> Introduction </a>
+
+The idea behind file system translators is a powerful concept which hasn't recieved much attention in the mainstream computing world. So here is a list of interesting translators I've been able to dream up. I'm sure there are many more ideas floating around out there, so add them to the list!
+
+The [ferris project](http://witme.sourceforge.net/libferris.web/features.html) has some great ideas and code in the area of userspace dynamic filesystems, as has the [FUSE project](http://fuse.sourceforge.net/).
+
+## <a name="Audio_cdfs"> Audio\_cdfs </a>
+
+A translator which produces a directory of \*.wav files when you have an audio CD in the drive.
+
+## <a name="Ogg"> Ogg </a>
+
+This translator could be a sub-directory of the Audio\_cdfs translator and it would translate the \*.wav files into Ogg Vorbis/MP3 format.
+
+## <a name="CDDB"> </a> CDDB
+
+Of course it would be a lot nicer if the above two translators didn't name their files something worthless like track001.ogg. So we would want a translator which would hook up with a database on the web and produce meaningful file names.
+
+## <a name="Crypto"> Crypto </a>
+
+A cryptographic/steganographic seem like a nice match with the concept of user-land file systems. I like the idea of something like `settrans -a /secure stegfs --mpeg file001.mpg`
+
+## <a name="Revision_control"> Revision control </a>
+
+All of the empty space on your drive is now being wasted. Why not have a revision control translator which tracks changes to your documents? See also [this guy](http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5976). And then you'd do something like `cd /time-machine/2003/sept/14/` to see what your system looked like on the 14th of septempber 2003.
+
+## <a name="CVSFS"> </a> CVSFS
+
+See [cvsFS for Linux](http://cvsfs.sourceforge.net/). This provides a package which presents the CVS contents as mountable file system. It allows to view the versioned files as like they were ordinary files on a disk. There is also a possibility to check in/out some files for editing. A read-only version has been written by Stefan Siegl and is available at [Berlios](http://cvs.berlios.de/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/cvsfs4hurd/cvsfs/).
+
+## <a name="tar_and_gzip"> tar and gzip </a>
+
+Rumor has it that they are on the way. Actually, a tar + gzip/bzip2 translator does exist (although it hasn't been used much...) : see [the Hurdextras project](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/hurdextras/) on Savannah.
+
+## <a name="ROM"> </a> ROM
+
+How about a translator which makes it look like you can write to read only media (like CDs), or change files which I don't have permission to change. This translator would make it seem like you could copy files to places where you normally couldn't. Think about combining this translator with the ftp translator and the tar and gzip translators. (cd /ftp/gnu.org/gnome.tar.gz/writes\_allowed; make install). It could be that unionfs does this very thing.
+
+## <a name="Super_FIFO"> Super\_FIFO </a>
+
+It's like a named pipe which is smart enough to start a process everytime something new tries to read from it. For example, let's say I have a script that reads in a JPEG image and spits out a smaller thumbnail \*.jpg to STDOUT. With a standard fifo (`mknod -p fifo`) this would almost works (`script big.jpg > fifo`). But what if there are two processes trying to read the fifo at once? Ick. And of course the standard way only works once without rerunning the command. I'm not quite sure what the syntax should look like, but I'm sure someone out there has a great idea waiting to happen.
+
+## <a name="Perl"> Perl </a>
+
+Perl is a wonderful language for hacking together something useful in a short amount of time. No concept is complete without being able to use it in a perl one-liner. And that goes for Hurd translators too. Right?
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl
+    use Hurd::translator;
+
+    #file named "two" can produce an endless supply of twos, etc. (a la /dev/zero)
+    my $i=0;
+    for $filename ([zero one two three four])
+    {
+       $libtrivfsread_codehash{$filename}=
+                sub{ $num_bytes=shift; my $data=$i; return chr($data) x $num_bytes; };
+       #that's a hash of references to closures
+       $i++;
+    }
+    translator_startup();
+
+A Perl translator has been started by [John Edwin Tobey](http://john-edwin-tobey.org/Hurd/) (pith).
+
+## <a name="Source_code"> Source code </a>
+
+Here's a crazy thought. How about a translator for source code. You have a C source file like `hello.c` which is your normal everyday file. But there's a translator sitting underneath, so when you `cd hello.c` you get a directory with files like `main()` which represent the subroutines in `hello.c`. And of course you should be able to edit/remove those and have it modify the original source.
+
+## <a name="Libraries"> Libraries </a>
+
+Here's an [idea](http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/fusd/docs/node13.html) from the people making [userspace drivers in Linux](http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/fusd/):
+
+* "One particularly interesting application of FUSD that we've found very useful is as a way to let regular user-space libraries export device file APIs. For example, imagine you had a library which factored large composite numbers. Typically, it might have a C interface--say, a function called `int *factorize(int bignum)`. With FUSD, it's possible to create a device file interface--say, a device called `/dev/factorize` to which clients can `write(2)` a big number, then `read(2)` back its factors.
+
+* This may sound strange, but device file APIs have at least three advantages over a typical library API. First, it becomes much more language independent--any language that can make system calls can access the factorization library. Second, the factorization code is running in a different address space; if it crashes, it won't crash or corrupt the caller. Third, and most interestingly, it is possible to use `select(2)` to wait for the factorization to complete. `select(2)` would make it easy for a client to factor a large number while remaining responsive to other events that might happen in the meantime. In other words, FUSD allows normal user-space libraries to integrate seamlessly with UNIX's existing, POSIX-standard event notification interface: `select(2)`."
+
+## <a name="Mail"> Mail </a>
+
+Am I off my rocker, or does an IMAP/POP translator sound like a good idea? It would make your remote mail servers look like local ones. Or what about a translator that makes a mbox format mail spool look like a directory. Can anyone think of a good use for an SMTP translator?
+
+## <a name="UUEncode"> </a> UUEncode
+
+How about a UUEncode translator for those places you can only store ASCII. Combine this with a NNTP translator and store your data in someone's Usenet archive. Or since, (as far as I know), there are no size limitations on file names in the Hurd, why not have a filesystem translator whose underlying store is a file name. (Now ls becomes cat).
+
+## <a name="Computation"> Computation </a>
+
+This is from the revenge of the command-line department. Make a directory translator whose contents are a result of the computation specified in the directory name. Here's an example...
+
+    $ settrans -a /comp /hurd/computationfs
+    $ cd "/comp/3+4"
+    $ ls -l
+    total 0
+    -rw-r--r--    1 nobody     users           0 Oct 16 11:41 7
+    $
+    $ cd "/comp/sqrt(2)"
+    $ ls -l
+    total 0
+    -rw-r--r--    1 nobody     users           0 Oct 16 11:42 1.4142135623731
+    $
+
+...etc. Now think about your favorite GUI HTML editor and using File-&gt;Open on the following directory name, ``"/comp/for i in $( find / -name *.html ); do ln -s $i `basename $i`;done"`` Which would produce a directory listing with soft links to all of the \*.html files on your system. You could have all of the comforts of the shell from within that little File-&gt;Open dialog box.
+
+## <a name="Other"> Other </a>
+
+Just found Wolfgang J�hrling's translator [wishlist](http://www.8ung.at/shell/trans.html).
+
+## <a name="Bochs"> Bochs </a>
+
+A translator which works with [Bochs](http://bochs.sourceforge.net/) disk images would be nice.
+
+## <a name="Rollover"> Rollover </a>
+
+A translator that uses a circular buffer to store log files. The translated node only contains the last N (mega,kilo)bytes.
+
+## <a name="Birthday"> Birthday </a>
+
+A translator that provides an interface into the birthday program.
+
+You can cat your calendar, eg. bd/calendar/today bd/calendar/this-week or bd/calendar/this-month.
+
+And you could write new events into files located in bd/events/DATE/event-name.
+
+DATE is of the format the birthday expects DD/MM/YYYY.
+
+The contents of the file are any or none of the following birthday options: ann (An anniversary), bd (A birthday), ev (Some other event), wN (Warn N days in advance of date), toDATE (Event lasts until this DATE), forDAYS (Event runs for DAYS).
+
+You can optionally just edit the bd/birthdays file if you want to edit the configuration file by hand. It might make sense to write changes from bd/birthdays into ~/.birthdays.
+
+    $ settrans -c bd /hurd/birthday -f ~/.birthdays
+    $ ls bd/
+    birthdays  calendar  events
+    $ find bd -print
+    bd
+    bd/calendar
+    bd/calendar/daily
+    bd/calendar/this-week
+    bd/calendar/this-month
+    bd/events
+    bd/birthdays
+    $
+
+## <a name="LVM"> </a> LVM
+
+A translator to access block devices from Linux's [Logical Volume Management](http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/) would be an useful addition.
+
+    # settrans -cap /dev/VolumeGroup0 /hurd/lvm /dev/PhysicalVolume0 /dev/PhysicalVolume1 ...
+    # ls /dev/VolumeGroup0/
+    home
+    var
+    # settrans -cap /home /hurd/ext2fs /dev/VolumeGroup0/home
+    # settrans -cap /var /hurd/ext2fs /dev/VolumeGroup0/var
+
+Probably both [LVM2](http://sourceware.org/lvm2/) and the [Device-mapper](http://sourceware.org/dm/) need to be ported.
+
+## <a name="bridging_translator"> bridging translator </a>
+
+A [bridging](http://bridge.sourceforge.net/faq.html) translator could improve the Hurd's networking facilities.
+
+    # settrans -cap /dev/br0 /hurd/bridge -i eth0 -i eth1 ...
+    # settrans -cap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i /dev/br0 -a ... -g ... -m ...
+
+Perhaps Linux's bridging code and [utilities](http://bridge.sourceforge.net/) can be ported (or glued in) or code from one of the BSDs.
+
+## <a name="SSH_translator"> </a> SSH translator
+
+Presenting remote file systems through SSH similar to what gnome-vfs does.
+
+## <a name="SMB_translator"> </a> SMB translator
+
+Presenting remote file systems through Samba similar to what gnome-vfs does. Guiseppe Scrivano has worked on this and smbfs is available at [hurdextras](http://savannah.nongnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/hurdextras/smbfs/).
+
+## <a name="Crontab_translator"> Crontab translator </a>
+
+Presenting a user's crontab in a filesystem where cron entries are files.
+
+## <a name="globlink"> globlink </a>
+
+Firmlink to a file according to a filename matching pattern. When a file goes away, the next file that is matched is automatically linked to.
+
+    $ settrans -ac libfoo.so /hurd/globlink '/lib/libfoo*'
+
+## <a name="alphabetfs"> alphabetfs </a>
+
+Organize a large group of files by their first letter. Present one subdirectory for each letter in the alphabet.
+
+## <a name="fsysoptsctl"> fsysoptsctl </a>
+
+Send an fsysopts command to a set of translators. When you have a directory full of translators and you want to send each of them the same runtime option, this translator can do it for you.
+
+    $ settrans -ac all /hurd/fsysoptsctl '/tmp/mystuff/*'
+    $ fsysopts all --update
diff --git a/unsorted/ABITransitionStatus.mdwn b/unsorted/ABITransitionStatus.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 123e8f8c..00000000
--- a/unsorted/ABITransitionStatus.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-Several transitions have occured recently.
-
-* [ABI Switch](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200204/msg00096.html) from April 17, 2002
-
-* [Phase I accomplished](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200204/msg00157.html) from April 26, 2002
-
-* [status of the ABI transition](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200205/msg00242.html) from May 15, 2002
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 15 May 2002
diff --git a/unsorted/AdvancedGrubUsage.mdwn b/unsorted/AdvancedGrubUsage.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e307b4f..00000000
--- a/unsorted/AdvancedGrubUsage.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-## <a name="Advanced_Grub"> Advanced Grub </a>
-
-[Grub](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) is a capable boot loader. This document is intended to capture some of its most interesting features and try to explain them a bit better than the texinfo documentation.
-
-### <a name="Debian_Grub"> Debian Grub </a>
-
-The Debian grub packages do not have networking enabled, so you have to apt-get the source, modify the debian/rules file to include --enable-network-card and dpkg-buildpackage to get a .deb of grub that supports TFTP.
-
-1. cd /usr/src/debian
-2. apt-get source grub
-3. cd grub-\_VERSION\_
-4. Add `--enable-tulip` or similar for your NIC to the `./configure` line of the `configure-stamp` target in the `debian/rules` file.
-5. `dpkg-buildpackage` (as `root`)
-6. `cd ..`
-7. `dpkg -i grub*.deb`
-8. cp /lib/grub/\_ARCH\_/\* /boot/grub/, e.g., _ARCH_ is `i386-pc`
-9. Edit your `/boot/grub/menu.lst` (see below)
-10. If your boot disk is `/dev/hda` ==&gt; `grub-install (hd0)`
-
-### <a name="TFTP_Boot"> </a> TFTP Boot
-
-Using trivial ftp to load a kernel is one of the best features of Grub. Here is how it is done.
-
-The `menu.lst` can look something like this:
-
-    ifconfig --address=192.168.1.2 --server=192.168.1.1
-    root (nd)
-    kernel /gnu/boot/oskit-mach.gz root=device:hd0s2 --
-    root (hd0,1)
-    module /hurd/ext2fs.static                              \
-           --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line}  \
-           --host-priv-port=${host-port}                    \
-           --device-master-port=${device-port}              \
-           --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                  \
-           -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-**Note: Make sure there are NO spaces after the trailing backslases (\\)!!**
-
-For more information on GNUmach modules lines and installation setup, see [[Hurd/InstallNotes]]
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 13 Apr 2005
diff --git a/unsorted/AptConfOffline.mdwn b/unsorted/AptConfOffline.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c4cc85be..00000000
--- a/unsorted/AptConfOffline.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-    APT
-    {
-       /* This file belongs in Debian GNU/Hurd's /etc/apt/apt.conf.offline
-          and will be used when running Debian GNU/Linux.  This is only
-          required when the GNU/Hurd does not have network access. */
-
-       Architecture "hurd-i386";
-
-       Get::Download-Only "true";
-    };
-
-    Dir
-    {
-       /* Use the disc for state information and redirect the status file from
-          the /var/lib/dpkg default
-          assumes Debian GNU/Hurd mounted on /misc/hurd and /var mounted underneath this if necessary */
-
-       // State::lists should be here, the lists subdirectory.
-       State "/misc/hurd/var/lib/apt/";
-       State::status "/misc/hurd/var/lib/dpkg/status";
-
-       // Binary caches will be stored locally
-       Cache::archives "/misc/hurd/var/cache/apt/archives/";
-       Cache "/tmp/";
-
-       // Location of the source list.
-       Etc "/misc/hurd/etc/apt/";
-    };
diff --git a/unsorted/BootProcess.mdwn b/unsorted/BootProcess.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 17f7bba7..00000000
--- a/unsorted/BootProcess.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-Describes the GNU/Hurd boot process.
-
-# <a name="Bootloader"> Bootloader </a>
-
-[GRUB](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/) (GRand Unified Bootloader) is the default (and as far as I know the only supported ) bootloader for GNU/Hurd and is the initial process.
-
-GRUB can be used for booting multiple Operating Systems on a given machine. Device naming convention for GRUB is different than that of the Hurd. Where the first partition on the primary IDE drive in GNU/Hurd is hd0s1, in GRUB it is (hd0,0). In the case of GNU/Hurd, the first thing that GRUB loads is kernel image.
-
-Here is a copy of GNU/Hurd multi-user entry from menu.lst. The first two lines are primarily informational and are what get displayed on the GRUB boot menu.
-
-    # Entry 2:  1st partition on first HDD
-    title  GNU/Hurd (IDE 1st partition - hd0s1 multi-user)
-    root   (hd0,0)
-    kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd0s1
-    module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \
-                               --host-priv-port=${host-port}                   \
-                               --device-master-port=${device-port}             \
-                               --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                 \
-                               -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-    module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-**_N.B. the escaped new lines above should end in only a back slash, no spaces!_**
-
-The line "root (hd0,0)" tells GRUB where to look for the root partition. Notice that the (hd0,0) is using GRUB naming conventions.
-
-The next line loads the gnumach kernel image itself. Notice here the root=device:hd0s1 argument. This is now using GNU/Hurd device naming convention, telling the Hurd where the root partition exists.
-
-----
-
--- [[Main/BarryDeFreese]] - 29 May 2003
-
-Minor formatting and edit check.
-
-On a side note. The actual description of the GNU/Hurd boot process is a good idea but keeping duplicated information to a bare minimum must be the guide line for a "book" like this. See other topics for more information on Grub configuration for instance.
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 30 May 2003
diff --git a/unsorted/GNOME.mdwn b/unsorted/GNOME.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 1dbef091..00000000
--- a/unsorted/GNOME.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-![gnome-hurd.png](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/media/gnome-hurd.png)
-
-GNOME can now be ported with the new [[Pthreads]], but is still being worked on.The packages are at
-
-deb <http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/hurd-gnome/> ./
-
-The caveats:
-
-Some applications are not yet built, not even all the ones from gnome-core. 'apt-get install gnome-applets gnome-control-center gnome-icon-theme gnome-panel gnome-session metacity nautilus scrollkeeper' (along with the above APT source) should get you started.
-
-See also: [[Xfree86]].
diff --git a/unsorted/GrubNotes.mdwn b/unsorted/GrubNotes.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index b0b1fdf5..00000000
--- a/unsorted/GrubNotes.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-This section complements the [[InstallNotes]] with complete information regarding the GRUB boot loader. The syntax is different from Lilo's and so to scratch my own itch I'm creating this quick reference. The [Grub manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html) is another good reference.
-
-* update-grub is **Debian specific** and very nice. It will automatically create a /boot/grub/menu.lst file for the kernels in /boot/. It will also append a manually configured set for other partitions like the GNU/Hurd.
-* grub-floppy is a **Debian specific** boot floppy creation script.
-* mkbimage is a **Debian specific** boot disk image creation script.
-* <http://khazad.dyndns.org/packages/grub-disk/> contains a Debian packaged makefile for creating CD &amp; floppy images. Looks like it doesn't work properly. If you fix it, please send patches to the maintainer.
-* essential GRUB commands &amp; disk syntax
-  * root
-  * kernel
-  * module
-  * boot
-* sample file
-
-    title      GNU/Linux
-    root       (hd0,11)
-    kernel     /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18 root=/dev/hda12 ro
-    initrd     /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18
-    savedefault
-
-    title      GNU
-    root       (hd0,15)
-    kernel     /boot/oskit-mach root=device:hd0s16 --
-    module     /hurd/ext2fs.static                              \
-               --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line}  \
-               --host-priv-port=${host-port}                    \
-               --device-master-port=${device-port}              \
-               --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                  \
-               -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-    module     /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-    savedefault
-
-    title           DOS
-    rootnoverify    (hd0,0)
-    chainloader +1
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 01 Oct 2002 <br /> -- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 22 Dec 2002
-
-Another example, just as good, but a lot easier to read. The backslash at the end of each line is to "escape" the enter-key. So make sure there are no spaces following the backslashes!
-
-    title GNU/Linux (Linux 2.4.18)
-       root            (hd0,11)
-       kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18 root=/dev/hda12 ro
-       initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18
-       savedefault
-
-    title GNUmach 1.3
-       root (hd0,1)
-       kernel /boot/gnumach.gz root=device:hd0s2
-       module /hurd/ext2fs.static --readonly                  \
-              --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \
-              --host-priv-port=${host-port}                   \
-              --device-master-port=${device-port}             \
-              --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                 \
-              -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-       module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-    title GNUmach 1.90 (CVS)
-       root (hd0,1)
-       kernel /boot/oskit-mach.gz root=device:hd0s2 --
-       module /hurd/ext2fs.static --readonly                  \
-              --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \
-              --host-priv-port=${host-port}                   \
-              --device-master-port=${device-port}             \
-              --exec-server-task=${exec-task}                 \
-              -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-       module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-Note the differences between GNUmach and OSKit-Mach. The latter **needs** the two dashes after the root specification!
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 09 Nov 2002
diff --git a/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn b/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn
index 49dcd53d..1cdfca9c 100644
--- a/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You can always install GRUB onto your hard drive at a later date.
 
 For instructions on using GRUB, see either the info documentation or the quick reference notes on this wiki:
 
-* [[Distrib/GrubNotes]] - quick reference
+* [[GRUB]] - quick reference
 
 ## <a name="4_Cross_Install_Cross_Installing"> </a> 4. Cross Install - Cross Installing GNU
 
diff --git a/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn b/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn
index a735fbf7..c9f5bdc2 100644
--- a/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ now mount the floppy and copy the files to your partition
 
 you may also wish to put my menu.lst file in your grub directory which can be obtained here <ftp://firethroat.com/hurd/menu.lst> you will need to edit it to include a -s at the end of the line starting with kernel. Be sure modify the partition numbers, my system is using the third partition of the second harddrive.
 
-More detailed samples for grub config files can be found at the [[GrubNotes]]
+More detailed samples for GRUB config files can be found at the [[GRUB]] page.
 
 To install grub reboot using the grub floppy and issue:
 
diff --git a/unsorted/LuisBustamanteHurdPage.mdwn b/unsorted/LuisBustamanteHurdPage.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index abbf1531..00000000
--- a/unsorted/LuisBustamanteHurdPage.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-Nothing much to see right now, I'll add some stuff I'm working in the near future! :)
-
-Cheers,
-
--- [[Main/LuisBustamante]] - 16 May 2002
-
-After making some trivial/incorrect patches (thanks Neal :) for building um-pppd with gcc 3.0.4 in Debian (see [\#147085](http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=147085&repeatmerged=yes)) this weekend I'll finally give it a try, I got an external modem... anyway serial drivers seem to be broken in GNUmach iirc, I won't get much more than 300b/s :).
-
-Keep Hurding!
-
--- [[Main/LuisBustamante]] - 17 May 2002
diff --git a/unsorted/NewMachHistory.mdwn b/unsorted/NewMachHistory.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 562d1cac..00000000
--- a/unsorted/NewMachHistory.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
-# <a name="Early_beginnings"> Early beginnings </a>
-
-GNUMach is based on Mach4 from University of Utah, which in turn is based on Mach3 from Carnegie-Mellon University. The last release of Mach4 was the [UK22 release](http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html).
-
-The oskit-mach version of GNU Mach was presented in November 1999 by Roland McGrath. <http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/bug-hurd/1999-November/003554.html> The purpose of the port was to get better hardware support through new drivers and platform code available in the OSKit.
-
-On May 27 2002, after the Gnumach 1.3 release, Roland McGrath merged OSKit-Mach onto the HEAD of CVS making it the Gnumach 2.x mainline.
-
-# <a name="Status_of_the_project"> Status of the project </a>
-
-GNU Mach 1.3 was released in May 2002, and features advanced boot script support, support for large disks (&gt;= 10GB) and an improved console.
-
-GNU Mach is used as the default microkernel in the GNU/Hurd system. It is compatible with other popular Mach distributions. The device drivers for block devices and network cards are taken from Linux 2.0.x kernel versions, and so a broad range of common hardware is supported.
-
-However, the Linux device drivers have been improved greatly since the 2.0.x version, and a new version of GNU Mach based on the OSKit library is being worked on, which uses newer drivers and in general has cleaner machine specific support code.
-
-----
-
-Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA
-
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 24 Oct 2002
diff --git a/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn b/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn
index c28f2d89..b5b92d68 100644
--- a/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ First you need to get the latest OSKit release and, preferrably, the latest CVS
 
 ## <a name="Starting"> Starting </a>
 
-You start Oskit-Mach almost the same way as the old 1.x version of GNUmach. Using [[Hurd/GrubNotes]] an entry can look like this:
+You start Oskit-Mach almost the same way as the old 1.x version of GNUmach. Using [[GRUB]] an entry can look like this:
 
     title GNUmach 1.90 (CVS)
        root (hd0,1)
diff --git a/unsorted/PppDaemon.mdwn b/unsorted/PppDaemon.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index f667d449..00000000
--- a/unsorted/PppDaemon.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-There is no PPP solution present for the Hurd.
-
-* Filed Debian [um-ppp bug](http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?archive=no\&bug=147085)
-* Clemmitt [asked about um-pppd](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/help-hurd/2002-October/006664.html) in this thread of 9 posts beginning Oct 10, 2002.
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 20 Oct 2002
diff --git a/unsorted/TranslatorExamples.mdwn b/unsorted/TranslatorExamples.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c2e5741..00000000
--- a/unsorted/TranslatorExamples.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-## <a name="Introduction"> Introduction </a>
-
-Translators are probably the most known feature of the Hurd, the first thing you should show when doing a demo.
-
-## <a name="run"> run </a>
-
-Couldn't manage to compile it, but allows you to do nice things with eg. fortune.
-
-## <a name="ftpfs"> ftpfs </a>
-
-hurd:~# settrans -c ftp /hurd/ftpfs 128.101.80.131:/
-
-hurd:~# cd ftp
-
-hurd:~/ftp# ls
-
-debian debian-archive lost+found
-
-hurd:~/ftp# cd debian
-
-hurd:~/ftp/debian# ls
-
-README README.mirrors.txt doc ls-lR.patch.gz
-
-README.CD-manufacture README.non-US indices pool
-
-README.html README.pgp ls-lR project
-
-README.mirrors.html dists ls-lR.gz tools
-
-hurd:~/ftp/debian# cp README ~
-
-hurd:~/ftp/debian#
-
-You have to specify the server address with its IP, or your computer will buy a farm or something.
-
-## <a name="ftpfs_and_hostmux"> ftpfs and hostmux </a>
-
-currently (28/02/2004) not working, but should be.
-
-hurd:~# settrans -c ftp /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /
-
-hurd:~# cd ftp
-
-hurd:~/ftp# cd ftp.debian.org
-
--bash: cd: ftp.debian.org: Computer bought the farm
-
-hurd:~/ftp# host ftp.debian.org
-
-ftp.debian.org A 128.101.80.131
-
-ftp.debian.org A 208.185.25.38
-
-hurd:~/ftp# cd 128.101.80.131
-
--bash: cd: 128.101.80.131: Computer bought the farm
-
-## <a name="Articles_about_translators"> Articles about translators </a>
-
-* [The GNU Hurd - Translators by Gael le Mignot](http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/pres-en/html/node8.html)
diff --git a/unsorted/TranslatorPages.mdwn b/unsorted/TranslatorPages.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e954521..00000000
--- a/unsorted/TranslatorPages.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-<dl>
-  <dt>[[NeighborHurd]]</dt>
-  <dd> A concept possible with microkernels. </dd>
-  <dt>[[InteractiveTranslators]]</dt>
-  <dd> Translators that interact with user </dd>
-  <dt>[[TranslatorExamples]]</dt>
-  <dd> Examples of what you can do with translators </dd>
-  <dt>[[TranslatorWishList]]</dt>
-  <dd> Interesting file translator ideas </dd>
-</dl>
-
-Here are the translators that currently exist:
-
-* [[AuthTranslator]]
-* [[CrashTranslator]]
-* [[ExecTranslator]]
-* [[ExtTwofsTranslator]] - (actually named ext2fs) Ext2 filesystems, also ext2fs.static
-* [[FifoTranslator]] - also [[NewfifoTranslator]] (actually named new-fifo)
-* [[FirmlinkTranslator]]
-* [[FtpfsTranslator]] - ftp as a filesystem
-* [[FwdTranslator]]
-* [[HelloTranslator]] - also [[HellomtTranslator]] (actually named hello-mt)
-* [[HostmuxTranslator]]
-* [[IfsockTranslator]]
-* [[InitTranslator]]
-* [[IsofsTranslator]]
-* [[KbdTranslator]]
-* [[MachdefpagerTranslator]] - (actually named mach-defpager)
-* [[hurd/translator/magic]]
-* [[MouseTranslator]]
-* [[NfsTranslator]]
-* [[NullTranslator]]
-* [[PasswordTranslator]]
-* [[PfinetTranslator]] - also [[PflocalTranslator]]
-* [[ProcTranslator]]
-* [[SmbfsTranslator]]
-* [[StoreioTranslator]]
-* [[StreamioTranslator]]
-* [[SymlinkTranslator]]
-* [[TermTranslator]]
-* [[TmpfsTranslator]]
-* [[UfsTranslator]] - also ufs.static
-* [[UsermuxTranslator]]
-
-Here are the contributed translators:
-
-* [[CryptTranslator]] - <http://www.trek.eu.org/devel/hurd/crypt-trans-0.0.3.tgz>
-
-This is an old list and might need some updating, please check if you have a Hurd system that this list is accurate.
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 03 Mar 2004
diff --git a/unsorted/TranslatorWishList.mdwn b/unsorted/TranslatorWishList.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 38bd87d9..00000000
--- a/unsorted/TranslatorWishList.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-## <a name="Introduction"> Introduction </a>
-
-The idea behind file system translators is a powerful concept which hasn't recieved much attention in the mainstream computing world. So here is a list of interesting translators I've been able to dream up. I'm sure there are many more ideas floating around out there, so add them to the list!
-
-The [ferris project](http://witme.sourceforge.net/libferris.web/features.html) has some great ideas and code in the area of userspace dynamic filesystems, as has the [FUSE project](http://fuse.sourceforge.net/).
-
-## <a name="Audio_cdfs"> Audio\_cdfs </a>
-
-A translator which produces a directory of \*.wav files when you have an audio CD in the drive.
-
-## <a name="Ogg"> Ogg </a>
-
-This translator could be a sub-directory of the Audio\_cdfs translator and it would translate the \*.wav files into Ogg Vorbis/MP3 format.
-
-## <a name="CDDB"> </a> CDDB
-
-Of course it would be a lot nicer if the above two translators didn't name their files something worthless like track001.ogg. So we would want a translator which would hook up with a database on the web and produce meaningful file names.
-
-## <a name="Crypto"> Crypto </a>
-
-A cryptographic/steganographic seem like a nice match with the concept of user-land file systems. I like the idea of something like `settrans -a /secure stegfs --mpeg file001.mpg`
-
-## <a name="Revision_control"> Revision control </a>
-
-All of the empty space on your drive is now being wasted. Why not have a revision control translator which tracks changes to your documents? See also [this guy](http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5976). And then you'd do something like `cd /time-machine/2003/sept/14/` to see what your system looked like on the 14th of septempber 2003.
-
-## <a name="CVSFS"> </a> CVSFS
-
-See [cvsFS for Linux](http://cvsfs.sourceforge.net/). This provides a package which presents the CVS contents as mountable file system. It allows to view the versioned files as like they were ordinary files on a disk. There is also a possibility to check in/out some files for editing. A read-only version has been written by Stefan Siegl and is available at [Berlios](http://cvs.berlios.de/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/cvsfs4hurd/cvsfs/).
-
-## <a name="tar_and_gzip"> tar and gzip </a>
-
-Rumor has it that they are on the way. Actually, a tar + gzip/bzip2 translator does exist (although it hasn't been used much...) : see [the Hurdextras project](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/hurdextras/) on Savannah.
-
-## <a name="ROM"> </a> ROM
-
-How about a translator which makes it look like you can write to read only media (like CDs), or change files which I don't have permission to change. This translator would make it seem like you could copy files to places where you normally couldn't. Think about combining this translator with the ftp translator and the tar and gzip translators. (cd /ftp/gnu.org/gnome.tar.gz/writes\_allowed; make install). It could be that unionfs does this very thing.
-
-## <a name="Super_FIFO"> Super\_FIFO </a>
-
-It's like a named pipe which is smart enough to start a process everytime something new tries to read from it. For example, let's say I have a script that reads in a JPEG image and spits out a smaller thumbnail \*.jpg to STDOUT. With a standard fifo (`mknod -p fifo`) this would almost works (`script big.jpg > fifo`). But what if there are two processes trying to read the fifo at once? Ick. And of course the standard way only works once without rerunning the command. I'm not quite sure what the syntax should look like, but I'm sure someone out there has a great idea waiting to happen.
-
-## <a name="Perl"> Perl </a>
-
-Perl is a wonderful language for hacking together something useful in a short amount of time. No concept is complete without being able to use it in a perl one-liner. And that goes for Hurd translators too. Right?
-
-    #!/usr/bin/perl
-    use Hurd::translator;
-
-    #file named "two" can produce an endless supply of twos, etc. (a la /dev/zero)
-    my $i=0;
-    for $filename ([zero one two three four])
-    {
-       $libtrivfsread_codehash{$filename}=
-                sub{ $num_bytes=shift; my $data=$i; return chr($data) x $num_bytes; };
-       #that's a hash of references to closures
-       $i++;
-    }
-    translator_startup();
-
-A Perl translator has been started by [John Edwin Tobey](http://john-edwin-tobey.org/Hurd/) (pith).
-
-## <a name="Source_code"> Source code </a>
-
-Here's a crazy thought. How about a translator for source code. You have a C source file like `hello.c` which is your normal everyday file. But there's a translator sitting underneath, so when you `cd hello.c` you get a directory with files like `main()` which represent the subroutines in `hello.c`. And of course you should be able to edit/remove those and have it modify the original source.
-
-## <a name="Libraries"> Libraries </a>
-
-Here's an [idea](http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/fusd/docs/node13.html) from the people making [userspace drivers in Linux](http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/fusd/):
-
-* "One particularly interesting application of FUSD that we've found very useful is as a way to let regular user-space libraries export device file APIs. For example, imagine you had a library which factored large composite numbers. Typically, it might have a C interface--say, a function called `int *factorize(int bignum)`. With FUSD, it's possible to create a device file interface--say, a device called `/dev/factorize` to which clients can `write(2)` a big number, then `read(2)` back its factors.
-
-* This may sound strange, but device file APIs have at least three advantages over a typical library API. First, it becomes much more language independent--any language that can make system calls can access the factorization library. Second, the factorization code is running in a different address space; if it crashes, it won't crash or corrupt the caller. Third, and most interestingly, it is possible to use `select(2)` to wait for the factorization to complete. `select(2)` would make it easy for a client to factor a large number while remaining responsive to other events that might happen in the meantime. In other words, FUSD allows normal user-space libraries to integrate seamlessly with UNIX's existing, POSIX-standard event notification interface: `select(2)`."
-
-## <a name="Mail"> Mail </a>
-
-Am I off my rocker, or does an IMAP/POP translator sound like a good idea? It would make your remote mail servers look like local ones. Or what about a translator that makes a mbox format mail spool look like a directory. Can anyone think of a good use for an SMTP translator?
-
-## <a name="UUEncode"> </a> UUEncode
-
-How about a UUEncode translator for those places you can only store ASCII. Combine this with a NNTP translator and store your data in someone's Usenet archive. Or since, (as far as I know), there are no size limitations on file names in the Hurd, why not have a filesystem translator whose underlying store is a file name. (Now ls becomes cat).
-
-## <a name="Computation"> Computation </a>
-
-This is from the revenge of the command-line department. Make a directory translator whose contents are a result of the computation specified in the directory name. Here's an example...
-
-    $ settrans -a /comp /hurd/computationfs
-    $ cd "/comp/3+4"
-    $ ls -l
-    total 0
-    -rw-r--r--    1 nobody     users           0 Oct 16 11:41 7
-    $
-    $ cd "/comp/sqrt(2)"
-    $ ls -l
-    total 0
-    -rw-r--r--    1 nobody     users           0 Oct 16 11:42 1.4142135623731
-    $
-
-...etc. Now think about your favorite GUI HTML editor and using File-&gt;Open on the following directory name, ``"/comp/for i in $( find / -name *.html ); do ln -s $i `basename $i`;done"`` Which would produce a directory listing with soft links to all of the \*.html files on your system. You could have all of the comforts of the shell from within that little File-&gt;Open dialog box.
-
-## <a name="Other"> Other </a>
-
-Just found Wolfgang J�hrling's translator [wishlist](http://www.8ung.at/shell/trans.html).
-
-## <a name="Bochs"> Bochs </a>
-
-A translator which works with [Bochs](http://bochs.sourceforge.net/) disk images would be nice.
-
-## <a name="Rollover"> Rollover </a>
-
-A translator that uses a circular buffer to store log files. The translated node only contains the last N (mega,kilo)bytes.
-
-## <a name="Birthday"> Birthday </a>
-
-A translator that provides an interface into the birthday program.
-
-You can cat your calendar, eg. bd/calendar/today bd/calendar/this-week or bd/calendar/this-month.
-
-And you could write new events into files located in bd/events/DATE/event-name.
-
-DATE is of the format the birthday expects DD/MM/YYYY.
-
-The contents of the file are any or none of the following birthday options: ann (An anniversary), bd (A birthday), ev (Some other event), wN (Warn N days in advance of date), toDATE (Event lasts until this DATE), forDAYS (Event runs for DAYS).
-
-You can optionally just edit the bd/birthdays file if you want to edit the configuration file by hand. It might make sense to write changes from bd/birthdays into ~/.birthdays.
-
-    $ settrans -c bd /hurd/birthday -f ~/.birthdays
-    $ ls bd/
-    birthdays  calendar  events
-    $ find bd -print
-    bd
-    bd/calendar
-    bd/calendar/daily
-    bd/calendar/this-week
-    bd/calendar/this-month
-    bd/events
-    bd/birthdays
-    $
-
-## <a name="LVM"> </a> LVM
-
-A translator to access block devices from Linux's [Logical Volume Management](http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/) would be an useful addition.
-
-    # settrans -cap /dev/VolumeGroup0 /hurd/lvm /dev/PhysicalVolume0 /dev/PhysicalVolume1 ...
-    # ls /dev/VolumeGroup0/
-    home
-    var
-    # settrans -cap /home /hurd/ext2fs /dev/VolumeGroup0/home
-    # settrans -cap /var /hurd/ext2fs /dev/VolumeGroup0/var
-
-Probably both [LVM2](http://sourceware.org/lvm2/) and the [Device-mapper](http://sourceware.org/dm/) need to be ported.
-
-## <a name="bridging_translator"> bridging translator </a>
-
-A [bridging](http://bridge.sourceforge.net/faq.html) translator could improve the Hurd's networking facilities.
-
-    # settrans -cap /dev/br0 /hurd/bridge -i eth0 -i eth1 ...
-    # settrans -cap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i /dev/br0 -a ... -g ... -m ...
-
-Perhaps Linux's bridging code and [utilities](http://bridge.sourceforge.net/) can be ported (or glued in) or code from one of the BSDs.
-
-## <a name="SSH_translator"> </a> SSH translator
-
-Presenting remote file systems through SSH similar to what gnome-vfs does.
-
-## <a name="SMB_translator"> </a> SMB translator
-
-Presenting remote file systems through Samba similar to what gnome-vfs does. Guiseppe Scrivano has worked on this and smbfs is available at [hurdextras](http://savannah.nongnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/hurdextras/smbfs/).
-
-## <a name="Crontab_translator"> Crontab translator </a>
-
-Presenting a user's crontab in a filesystem where cron entries are files.
-
-## <a name="globlink"> globlink </a>
-
-Firmlink to a file according to a filename matching pattern. When a file goes away, the next file that is matched is automatically linked to.
-
-    $ settrans -ac libfoo.so /hurd/globlink '/lib/libfoo*'
-
-## <a name="alphabetfs"> alphabetfs </a>
-
-Organize a large group of files by their first letter. Present one subdirectory for each letter in the alphabet.
-
-## <a name="fsysoptsctl"> fsysoptsctl </a>
-
-Send an fsysopts command to a set of translators. When you have a directory full of translators and you want to send each of them the same runtime option, this translator can do it for you.
-
-    $ settrans -ac all /hurd/fsysoptsctl '/tmp/mystuff/*'
-    $ fsysopts all --update
-
-----
-
--- [[Main/GregBuchholz]] - updated 17 Oct 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f1fbb84db3499a151743a9b3609207bec04a6bf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Feb 2009 22:49:52 +0100
Subject: Update.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn | 15 +++++++--------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
index d28eccd7..375f042e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -11,10 +12,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
 `libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
 symbols by default (`/usr/lib/debug/lib/`), Debian's `libc0.3-dbg` stores only
-frame unwind information.  If you want to step into glibc while debugging, you
-need to add `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/debug` to GDB's environment.  If that
-still does not work, try `LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/debug/libc.so.0.3` instead.  You
-can add to GDB's environment via `set env FOO bar` from the GDB command line.
-
-It seems that this is no longer needed with the Debian glibc 2.5 packages, but
-I may as well be wrong.  Have to check that again.
+the frame unwind information used for backtracing.  If you want to step into
+glibc while debugging, you need to add `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/debug` to
+debugged program's environment (`set env VAR value` from the GDB command line).
+If that still does not work, try `LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/debug/libc.so.0.3`
+instead.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 573c98c2e9752e4024bffd3540d8ee9b3bdeaf42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:32:35 +0100
Subject: hurd/faq/l4 -> hurd/history/port_to_l4

---
 hurd.mdwn                    |  5 +++--
 hurd/faq/l4.mdwn             | 24 ------------------------
 hurd/history.mdwn            |  8 ++++++--
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/faq/l4.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index e7f0ac92..1bc7cf21 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
+2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] - A Brief Description
 * [[Advantages]]
 * [[History]]
+    * [[history/Port_to_L4]]
 * [[Logo]]
 * [[Status]]
 * [[KnownHurdLimits]]
diff --git a/hurd/faq/l4.mdwn b/hurd/faq/l4.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 185c713a..00000000
--- a/hurd/faq/l4.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[meta title="Why is there no information on the official website about the
-Hurd port to L4 (Hurd/L4)?"]]
-
-There is an ongoing effort to port the Hurd to the L4 microkernel family.  This
-will take time and the port is not in a releasable state -- this is why there
-is no information about the L4 port on the website for the Hurd project
-<http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd> other than this FAQ entry.
-
-The development of Hurd/L4 is being done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd
-CVS repository.  The `doc` directory contains a design document that is worth
-reading for anyone who wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.  If you wish to
-follow the development or contribute patches to Hurd/L4, please subscribe to
-the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index e749136f..58a75927 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -85,3 +85,7 @@ mailing lists.
   * [History
     1997-2003](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html)
     -- personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
+
+---
+
+  * [[Port_to_L4]]
diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6504f1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
+
+There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
+[[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]], mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and
+Neal Walfield.  Even though there was progress, this port never reached a
+releasable state.  Eventually, a straight-forward port of the original Hurd's
+design wasn't deemed feasible anymore by the developers.  Read the [[critique]]
+and a [[ng/position_paper]].
+
+By now, the development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.  However, Neal Walfield moved
+on to working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos]].
+
+
+Development was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS repository.  The
+`doc` directory contains a design document that is worth reading for anyone who
+wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.  Discussion have been held on the
+[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which is still the right place for
+[[next-generation_Hurd|ng]] discussions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4fd2c0b88c8c1fb15dd5d039ad87d5147ff6b350 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 00:41:30 +0100
Subject: hurd/history/port_to_l4: Extend.

---
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index 6504f1b5..6a17d1ff 100644
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
 [[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]], mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and
 Neal Walfield.  Even though there was progress, this port never reached a
 releasable state.  Eventually, a straight-forward port of the original Hurd's
-design wasn't deemed feasible anymore by the developers.  Read the [[critique]]
-and a [[ng/position_paper]].
+design wasn't deemed feasible anymore by the developers, partly due to them not
+cosidering L4 suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on
+top of it, and because of deficiencies in the original Hurd's design, which
+they discovered along their way.  Read the [[critique]] and a
+[[ng/position_paper]].
 
 By now, the development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.  However, Neal Walfield moved
 on to working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos]].
@@ -27,3 +30,27 @@ Development was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS repository.  The
 wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.  Discussion have been held on the
 [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which is still the right place for
 [[next-generation_Hurd|ng]] discussions.
+
+
+One goal of porting the Hurd to L4 was to make the Hurd independend of Mach
+interfaces, to make it somewhat microkernel-agnostic.
+
+Mach wasn't maintained by its original authors anymore, so switching to a
+well-maintained current [[microkernel]] was expected to yield a more solid
+foundation for a Hurd system than the decaying Mach design and implementation
+was able to.
+
+L4 being a second-generation [[microkernel]] was deemed to provide for a faster
+system kernel implementation, especially in the time-critical [[IPC]] paths.
+Also, as L4 was already implemented for a bunch of different architectures
+(IA32, Alpha, MIPS; SMP), and the Hurd itself being rather archtecture-unaware,
+it was expected to be able to easily support more platforms than with the
+existing system.
+
+A design upon the lean L4 kernel would finally have moved devices drivers out
+of the kernel's [[TCB]].
+
+
+One idea was to first introduce a Mach-on-L4 emulation layer, to easily get a
+usable (though slow) Hurd-using-Mach-interfaces-on-L4 system, and then
+gradually move the Hurd servers to use L4 intefaces rather than Mach ones.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f57755b84e4d352faab76bf7194768555a615596 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 01:44:54 +0100
Subject: Move content of hurd/ng/history into hurd/history/port_to_l4.

---
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn | 63 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 hurd/ng.mdwn                 |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/history.mdwn         | 50 -----------------------------------
 3 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/ng/history.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index 6a17d1ff..03795dc4 100644
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -12,8 +12,16 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
 
 There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
-[[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]], mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and
-Neal Walfield.  Even though there was progress, this port never reached a
+[[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]].
+
+The idea of using L4 as a [[microkernel]] for a [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was
+initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]] by Okuji Yoshinori, who,
+for discussing this purpose, created the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list
+in November 2000.
+
+The project itself then was mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal Walfield.
+Even though there was progress -- see, for example, the
+[[QEMU_image_for_L4|running/qemu/image_for_l4]] -- this port never reached a
 releasable state.  Eventually, a straight-forward port of the original Hurd's
 design wasn't deemed feasible anymore by the developers, partly due to them not
 cosidering L4 suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on
@@ -24,12 +32,13 @@ they discovered along their way.  Read the [[critique]] and a
 By now, the development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.  However, Neal Walfield moved
 on to working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos]].
 
+Over the years, a lot of discussion have been held on the
+[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which today is still the right place
+for [[next-generation_Hurd|ng]] discussions.
 
-Development was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS repository.  The
-`doc` directory contains a design document that is worth reading for anyone who
-wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.  Discussion have been held on the
-[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which is still the right place for
-[[next-generation_Hurd|ng]] discussions.
+Development of Hurd/L4 was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS
+repository.  The `doc` directory contains a design document that is worth
+reading for anyone who wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.
 
 
 One goal of porting the Hurd to L4 was to make the Hurd independend of Mach
@@ -54,3 +63,39 @@ of the kernel's [[TCB]].
 One idea was to first introduce a Mach-on-L4 emulation layer, to easily get a
 usable (though slow) Hurd-using-Mach-interfaces-on-L4 system, and then
 gradually move the Hurd servers to use L4 intefaces rather than Mach ones.
+
+
+Neal Walfield started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.  He
+explains:
+
+> My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
+> [[design_pattern]]s; it was not to simply provide a Mach
+> [[compatibility_layer]] on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer had
+> access to [[microkernel/l4/Pistachio]] as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.
+> Although the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
+> their code in May
+> 2003](https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html).
+> Around this time, Marcus began hacking on Pistachio.  He created a relatively
+> complete run-time.  I didn't really become involved again until the second
+> half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
+
+> Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
+> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The
+> [[ng/resource_management_problems]] were what prompted me to look at L4.
+> Also, some of the problems with [[translator]]s were already well-known to
+> us.  (For a more detailed description of the problems we have identified, see
+> our [[critique]] in the 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a
+> forward-looking [[ng/position_paper]].)
+
+> We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
+> number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
+> aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
+> a number of security issues.
+
+A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
+[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
+
+> Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
+> that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
+> system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
+> clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index 22613f54..fb4d742f 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This section explains the motivations behind the new design:
   * [[Issues_with_L4_Pistachio]]
   * [[Limitations_of_the_original_Hurd_design]]
 
-  * [[History]]
+  * History of the [[history/port_to_L4]]
 
 
 # Work already done
diff --git a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn b/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 652bccf3..00000000
--- a/hurd/ng/history.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The idea of using [[microkernel/L4]] as a [[microkernel]] for a
-[[Hurd_system|hurd]] was initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]]
-by Okuji Yoshinori.  He created the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list in
-November 2000.  It does not appear that he got any further than simply
-suggesting it as an alternative to [[microkernel/Mach]] and doing some reading.
-
-Neal Walfield started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.
-He explains:
-
-> My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
-> [[design_pattern]]s; it was not to simply provide a Mach
-> [[compatibility_layer]] on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer had
-> access to [[microkernel/l4/Pistachio]] as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.
-> Although the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
-> their code in May
-> 2003](https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html).
-> Around this time, Marcus began hacking on Pistachio.  He created a relatively
-> complete run-time.  I didn't really become involved again until the second
-> half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
-
-> Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
-> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The [[resource_management_problems]]
-> were what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
-> [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
-> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[critique]] in the
-> 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
-> [[position_paper]].)
-
-> We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
-> number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
-> aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
-> a number of security issues.
-
-A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
-[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
-
-> Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
-> that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
-> system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
-> clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7eecc9b75ce4867597f2dc404182bb04f7fe2145 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 01:57:35 +0100
Subject: hurd/ng/resource_management_problems ->
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems

---
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn                          | 11 ++++++-----
 hurd/ng.mdwn                                          |  3 ++-
 hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn             | 19 -------------------
 .../open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn     | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index 03795dc4..d4daeefa 100644
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -81,11 +81,12 @@ explains:
 
 > Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
 > rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The
-> [[ng/resource_management_problems]] were what prompted me to look at L4.
-> Also, some of the problems with [[translator]]s were already well-known to
-> us.  (For a more detailed description of the problems we have identified, see
-> our [[critique]] in the 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a
-> forward-looking [[ng/position_paper]].)
+> [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems]] were
+> what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
+> [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
+> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[critique]] in the
+> 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
+> [[ng/position_paper]].)
 
 > We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
 > number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index fb4d742f..1a271856 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
 
 This section explains the motivations behind the new design:
 
-  * [[Issues_with_Mach]]
+  * Issues with Mach:
+    [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems]]
   * [[Issues_with_L4_Pistachio]]
   * [[Limitations_of_the_original_Hurd_design]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 856afb1a..00000000
--- a/hurd/ng/resource_management_problems.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[microkernel/Mach]] interfaces do not allow for proper resource accounting,
-when a server allocates resources on behalf of a client.
-
-Mach can't do a good job at resource management, as it doesn't have enough
-information how resources are used: which data is important and which is
-discardable, for example.
-
-These issues are what Neal Walfield is working on with his new kernel
-[[microkernel/viengoos]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e949fa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[Mach]] interfaces do not allow for proper resource accounting, when a server
+allocates resources on behalf of a client.
+
+Mach can't do a good job at resource management, as it doesn't have enough
+information how resources are used: which data is important and which is
+discardable, for example.
+
+These issues are what Neal Walfield is working on with his new kernel
+[[viengoos]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 48c1034865df4c21b1fc4f92a1c9c4d471764de7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 02:22:40 +0100
Subject: Correct links.

---
 hurd/ng.mdwn                  | 3 +--
 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index 1a271856..fb4d742f 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
 
 This section explains the motivations behind the new design:
 
-  * Issues with Mach:
-    [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems]]
+  * [[Issues_with_Mach]]
   * [[Issues_with_L4_Pistachio]]
   * [[Limitations_of_the_original_Hurd_design]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
index cb4de906..4737f441 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-  * [[Resource_management_problems]]
+  * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/Resource_management_problems]]
   * [[Critique]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4e9557fbf8f3daa42666ee1d28ff3d107f89f61c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "mantha.s2000" <mantha.s2000@web>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 16:47:33 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/translation.txt | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translation.txt

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translation.txt b/hurd/translation.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33aebd4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
+use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
+when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
+copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
+contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3faa4239c14a67032a69d70f1a0454b5451b1952 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 18:12:32 +0100
Subject: Remove junk file.

---
 hurd/translation.txt | 23 -----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translation.txt

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translation.txt b/hurd/translation.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 33aebd4d..00000000
--- a/hurd/translation.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
-use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
-when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
-copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
-contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b75a1c19d6ab0870a0393a3b2608f4fc405d3d20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tokijici <tokijici@web>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2009 23:44:36 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33aebd4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
+use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
+when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
+copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
+contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 17841720dd6722a4416ce54ae49b559a9a377282 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2009 10:50:21 +0100
Subject: Remove junk file.

---
 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn | 23 -----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 33aebd4d..00000000
--- a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
-use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
-when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
-copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
-contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 381c760632a78e0938f52e2d4cfbf45b0ec46231 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: abhishekingale <abhishekingale@web>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 06:09:17 +0000
Subject: HURD Licence PAge

---
 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33aebd4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
+use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
+when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
+copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
+contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a1a92cd512dc55275b80a3554d3564aed64ae185 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 21:33:15 +0100
Subject: Revert "HURD Licence PAge"

This reverts commit 381c760632a78e0938f52e2d4cfbf45b0ec46231.
---
 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn | 23 -----------------------
 1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 33aebd4d..00000000
--- a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation.  The Free Software Foundation promises to always
-use a free documentation license (as per our criteria of free documentation)
-when publishing your contribution.  We grant you back all your rights under
-copyright, including the rights to copy, modify, and redistribute your
-contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d2bdbe708c64b2ff7c40d13dc62176f51d4f33e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 00:20:25 +0100
Subject: socat needs porting.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99c435e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`socat` needs porting.  Some work has already been done in 2007, see
+<http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/contrib/socat-hurd.html> or contact
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d0f0c0d22f5a3359c50ffe3c1f0ddf6b29a38f53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://tamathecool.blogspot.com/"
 <http://tamathecool.blogspot.com/@web>
Date: Thu, 2 Apr 2009 11:58:42 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 440f1122..5a160409 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -151,3 +151,4 @@ To join the project just list your name below.
    5. Nidhin Raghavan
    6. Ajish.B
    7. Ambili.B
+   8. Abhradip Mukherjee
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b696ce4880f6eda53edcb5d6cca445c3ac7b01bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2009 17:57:29 +0100
Subject: hurd/libihash: New.

---
 hurd.mdwn          |  1 +
 hurd/libihash.mdwn | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libihash.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 1bc7cf21..ec60601c 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[libchannel]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
   * [[libnetfs]] -- short introductory material
+  * [[libihash]]
 * [[IO_Path]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/libihash.mdwn b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4af92f71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * Hurd libihash
+
+      * old
+
+      * new
+
+  * hurd-l4 libhurd-ihash
+
+  * viengoos libhurd-ihash
+
+# Alternatives?
+
+  * glibc
+
+      * include/inline-hashtab.h
+
+      * locale/programs/simple-hash.h
+
+      * misc/hsearch_r.c
+
+      * NNS; cf. f46f0abfee5a2b34451708f2462a1c3b1701facd
+
+  * <http://cmph.sourceforge.net/>
+
+  * <http://libhashish.sourceforge.net/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 714738c3aa0d5625cc7dccf0e8c3f1414b8930c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 2009 18:39:14 +0200
Subject: unsorted/PortingIssues -> hurd/porting/guidelines

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn      |   2 +-
 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn                        |   2 +-
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn                   | 281 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/debian/GnuDebianRelationship.mdwn |   4 +-
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn                      |   2 +-
 unsorted/PortingIssues.mdwn                    | 270 ------------------------
 6 files changed, 286 insertions(+), 275 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/PortingIssues.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
index 992b91ee..d78297d5 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ by `char *foo`, and using dynamic memory allocation, i.e. e.g. a loop
 that tries geometrically growing sizes. Sometimes this is tricky, but
 more often not very hard. Sometimes it is even trivial because the GNU
 system has proper replacements. See the corresponding section of the
-[[Porting_issues_page|unsorted/PortingIssues]] for more details. With a bit of
+[[porting_guidelines_page|hurd/porting/guidelines]] for more details. With a bit of
 practice, it should be easily possible to fix several programs per day.
 
 The goal of this project is to fix the PATH_MAX and related problems in a
diff --git a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
index 1bcc09a0..e4132d50 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]]
   * These are different versions of the Mach microkernel that supports the Hurd that runs on top of it. For more info, see [[Mach]]
 
 * **_What software is available for GNU?_**
-  * Most packages from [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) [GNU/Linux](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) which aren't linux-specific ([Packages That Won't Be Ported](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)) are expected to work on GNU/Hurd too. See the database in <http://packages.debian.org/>. Programs which need pthreads, including [GNOME](http://www.gnome.org), [KDE](http://www.kde.org), [Mozilla](http://www.mozilla.org), [OpenOffice](http://www.openoffice.org), [SDL](http://www.libsdl.org), etc. are being worked on currently using Neal Walfields libpthreads. See the [[Distrib/PortingIssues]] document for some common build problems and their solutions.
+  * Most packages from [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) [GNU/Linux](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) which aren't linux-specific ([Packages That Won't Be Ported](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)) are expected to work on GNU/Hurd too. See the database in <http://packages.debian.org/>. Programs which need pthreads, including [GNOME](http://www.gnome.org), [KDE](http://www.kde.org), [Mozilla](http://www.mozilla.org), [OpenOffice](http://www.openoffice.org), [SDL](http://www.libsdl.org), etc. are being worked on currently using Neal Walfields libpthreads. See the [[porting/guidelines]] document for some common build problems and their solutions.
   * If you can't fetch a package with "apt-get install ", try building it from source: "apt-get source  &amp;&amp; cd &lt;package\_dir&gt; &amp;&amp; debian/rules binary".
   * As of January 2007, 50% of Debian packages have been ported on the Hurd. Of course, bug testing is welcome.
 
diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee27c9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
+
+%TOC%
+
+## <a name="Overview"> Overview </a>
+
+This is a recompilation of common porting problems and their solutions. Information is gathered from the following sources:
+
+* [Debian GNU/Hurd port guidelines](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)
+
+* [James Morrison's GNU/Hurd pages](http://hurd.dyndns.org/)
+
+as well as other misc. sources.
+
+First of all, see [[BtsFiling]] if you need instructions on manipulating [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) source packages and submitting patches to their [Bug Tracking System](http://bugs.debian.org/).
+
+## <a name="System_API_limitations"> </a> System API limitations
+
+Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
+
+We maintain a separate Wiki page for information on these bugs, see [[Distrib/SystemAPILimits]]
+
+If you think you can fix any of them and send a patch to the debian BTS, that'd be much appreciated. You may ask in <bug-hurd@gnuNOSPAM.org> for details or questions on the bug.
+
+## <a name="Undefined_bits_confname_h_tt_mac"> Undefined `bits/confname.h` macros (`PIPE_BUF`, ...) </a>
+
+If macro `XXX` is undefined, but macro `_SC_XXX` or `_PC_XXX` is defined in `bits/confname.h`, you probably need to use `sysconf`, `pathconf` or `fpathconf` to obtain it dynamicaly.
+
+The following macros have been found in this offending situation (add more if you find them): `PIPE_BUF`
+
+An example with `sysconf`: (when you find a `sysconf` offending macro, put a better example)
+
+    #ifndef XXX
+    #define XXX sysconf(_SC_XXX)
+    #endif
+    /* offending code using XXX follows */
+
+An example with `fpathconf`:
+
+    #ifdef PIPE_BUF
+       read(fd, buff, PIPE_BUF - 1);
+    #else
+       read(fd, buff, fpathconf(fd, _PC_PIPE_BUF) - 1);
+    #endif
+    /* note we can't #define PIPE_BUF, because it depends
+       on the "fd" variable */
+
+## <a name="Bad_File_Descriptor"> Bad File Descriptor </a>
+
+If you get Bad File Descriptor error when trying to read from a file (or accessing it at all), check the `open()` invocation. The second argument is the access method. If it is a hard coded number instead of a symbol defined in the standard header files, the code is screwed and should be fixed to either use `O_RDONLY`, `O_WRONLY` or `O_RDWR`. This bug was observed in the `fortunes` and `mtools` packages for example.
+
+## <a name="PATH_MAX_tt_MAX_PATH_tt_MAXPATHL"> `PATH_MAX` / `MAX_PATH` / `MAXPATHLEN` </a>
+
+Every unconditionalized use of `PATH_MAX`, `MAX_PATH` or `MAXPATHLEN` is a POSIX incompatibility. If there is no upper limit on the length of a path (as its the case for GNU), this symbol is not defined in any header file. Instead, you need to either use a different implementation that does not rely on the length of a string or use `sysconf()` to query the length at runtime. If `sysconf()` returns -1, you have to use `realloc()` to allocate the needed memory dynamically. Usually it is thus simpler to just use dynamic allocation. Sometimes the amount is actually known. Else, a geometrically growing loop can be used: for instance, see [Alioth patch](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/download.php/30628/410472/303735/1575/cpulimit-path-max-fix.patch). Note that in some cases there are GNU extensions that just work fine: when the `__GLIBC__` macro is defined, `getcwd()` calls can be just replaced by `get_current_dir_name()` calls.
+
+## <a name="ARG_MAX"> `ARG_MAX` </a>
+
+Same rationale as `PATH_MAX`. There is no limit on the number of arguments.
+
+## <a name="IOV_MAX"> `IOV_MAX` </a>
+
+Same rationale as `PATH_MAX`. There is no limit on the number of iovec items.
+
+## <a name="MAXHOSTNAMELEN_tt_"> `MAXHOSTNAMELEN` </a>
+
+Same as `PATH_MAX`. When you find a `gethostname()` function, which acts on a static buffer, you can replace it with Neal's [xgethostname function](http://ftp.walfield.org/pub/people/neal/xgethostname/) which returns the hostname as a dynamic buffer. For example:
+
+Buggy code:
+
+    char localhost[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
+    ...
+    gethostname(localhost, sizeof(localhost));
+
+Fixed code:
+
+    #include "xgethostname.h"
+    ...
+    char *localhost;
+    ...
+    localhost = xgethostname();
+    if (! localhost)
+      {
+        perror ("xgethostname");
+        return ERROR;
+      }
+    ...
+    /* use LOCALHOST.  */
+    free (localhost);
+
+## <a name="NOFILE_tt_"> `NOFILE` </a>
+
+Replace with `getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE,...)`
+
+## <a name="GNU_specific_define_tt_"> </a> GNU specific `#define`
+
+If you need to include specific code for GNU/Hurd using `#if` ... `#endif`, then you can use the `__GNU__` symbol to do so. But think (at least) thrice! before doing so. In most situations, this is completely unnecessary and will create more problems than it may solve. Better ask on the mailing list how to do it right if you can't think of a better solution.
+
+## <a name="sys_errlist_tt_vs_strerror_tt_"> `sys_errlist[]` vs. `strerror()` </a>
+
+If a program has only support for `sys_errlist[]` you will have to do some work to make it compile on GNU, which has dropped support for it and does only provide `strerror()`. Steinar Hamre writes about `strerror()`:
+
+`strerror()` should be used because:
+
+* It is the modern, POSIX way.
+* It is localized.
+* It handles invalid signals/numbers out of range. (better errorhandling and not a buffer-overflow-candidate/security risk)
+
+`strerror()` should always be used if it is available. Unfortunaly there are still some old non-POSIX systems that do not have `strerror()`, only `sys_errlist[]`.
+
+Today, only supporting `strerror()` is far better than only supporting `sys_errlist[]`. The best (from a portability viewpoint), however is supporting both. For configure.in, you will need:
+
+    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(strerror)
+
+To `config.h.in`, you need to add:
+
+    #undef HAVE_STRERROR
+
+Then something like:
+
+            #ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
+            static char *
+            private_strerror (errnum)
+                 int errnum;
+            {
+              extern char *sys_errlist[];
+              extern int sys_nerr;
+
+              if (errnum > 0 && errnum <= sys_nerr)
+                return sys_errlist[errnum];
+
+              return "Unknown system error";
+            }
+            #define strerror private_strerror
+            #endif /* HAVE_STRERROR */
+
+You can for example look in the latest coreutils (the above is a simplified version of what I found there.) Patches should of course be sent to upstream maintainers, this is very useful even for systems with a working `sys_errlist[]`.
+
+Of course, if you don't care about broken systems (like MS-DOG) not supporting `strerror()` you can just replace `sys_errlist[]` directly (upstream might not accept your patch, but debian should have no problem)
+
+## <a name="C++_error_t"> C++, `error_t` and `E*` </a>
+
+On the Hurd, `error_t` is an enumeration of the `E*` constants. However, C++
+does not like `E*` integer macros being directly assigned to that enumeration. In short, replace
+
+        error_t err = EINTR;
+
+by
+
+        error_t err = error_t(EINTR);
+
+## <a name="Filenames_ending_in_a_slash_"> Filenames ending in a slash \`/' </a>
+
+Those are evil if they don't exist and you want to name a directory this way. For example, `mkdir foobar/` will not work on GNU. This is POSIX compatible. POSIX says that the path of a directory may have slashes appended to it. But the directory does not exist yet, so the path does not refer to a directory, and hence trailing slashes are not guaranteed to work. Just drop the slashes, and you're fine.
+
+## <a name="Missing_termio_h_tt_"> Missing `termio.h` </a>
+
+Change it to use `termios.h` (check for it properly with autoconf `HAVE_TERMIOS_H` or the `__GLIBC__` macro)
+
+Also, change calls to `ioctl(fd, TCGETS, ...)` and `ioctl(fd, TCSETS, ...)` with `tcgetattr(fd, ...)` and `tcsetattr(fd, ...)`.
+
+## <a name="AC_HEADER_TERMIO_tt_"> `AC_HEADER_TERMIO` </a>
+
+The autoconf check for `AC_HEADER_TERMIO` tryes to check for termios, but it's only really checking for termio in `termios.h`. It is better to use `AC_CHECK_HEADERS(termio.h termios.h)`
+
+## <a name="_IOT"> missing `_IOT` </a>
+
+This comes from ioctls.  Fixing this is easy if the structure members can be expressed by using the _IOT() macro, else it's simply impossible... See `bits/termios.h` for an instance:
+
+`#define _IOT_termios /* Hurd ioctl type field.  */ \
+  _IOT (_IOTS (tcflag_t), 4, _IOTS (cc_t), NCCS, _IOTS (speed_t), 2)`
+
+because `struct termios` holds 4 members of type `tcflag_ts`, then `NCCS`
+members of type `cc_tsi` and finaly 2 members of type `speed_ts`.
+
+As you can see, this limits the number of kinds of members to 3, and in
+addition to that (see the bitfield described in `ioctls.h`), the third
+kind of member is limited to 3 members.  However, since at the API
+compatibility layer you are generally allowed to reorder fields in
+structures, you can usually manage to fit into these limits.
+
+Note: if a field member is a pointer, then the ioctl can't be expressed
+this way, and that makes sense, since the server you're talking to
+doesn't have direct access to your memory. Ways other than ioctls must
+then be found.
+
+## <a name="SA_SIGINFO"> `SA_SIGINFO` </a>
+
+Not implemented, packages may be fixed for working around this: use void sighandler(int num) prototype and sa_handler field.
+
+## <a name="SOL_IP"> `SOL_IP` </a>
+
+Not implemented yet.
+
+## <a name="HZ"> `HZ` </a>
+
+Linuxish and doesn't even make sense since the value may vary according to the running kernel.  Should use `sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)` or `CLK_TCK` instead.
+
+## <a name="SIOCDEVPRIVATE"> `SIOCDEVPRIVATE` </a>
+
+Oh, we should probably provide it.
+
+## <a name="MAP_NORESERVE"> `MAP_NORESERVE` </a>
+
+Not POSIX, but we could implement it.
+
+## <a name="O_DIRECT"> `O_DIRECT` </a>
+
+Long story to implement.
+
+## <a name="PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP"> `PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP` </a>
+
+We could easily provide it;
+
+## <a name="PTHREAD_STACK_MIN"> `PTHREAD_STACK_MIN` </a>
+
+We should actually provide it.
+
+## <a name="types"> `linux/types.h` or `asm/types.h` </a>
+
+These are not POSIX, `sys/types.h` and `stdint.h` should be used instead.
+
+## <a name="iopl"> `iopl` </a>
+
+Not supported. Try to replace with `ioperm(0, 65536, 1)` (conditionned with `__GNU__` as that will not work in Linux).
+
+## <a name="iopl"> `semget`, `sem_open` </a>
+
+Not implemented, will always fail.  Use `sem_init()` instead if possible.
+
+## <a name="net/..."> `net/if_arp.h`, `net/ethernet.h`, etc. </a>
+
+Not implemented, not POSIX.  Try to disable the feature in the package.
+
+## <a name="broken_libc6_dependency"> broken libc6 dependency </a>
+
+Some packages use an erroneous dependency on `libc6-dev`. This is incorrect because `libc6` is specific to GNU/Linux. The corresponding package for GNU is `libc0.3-dev` but other OSes will have different ones. You can locate the problem in the `debian/control` file of the source tree. Typical solutions include detecting the OS using `dpkg-architecture` and hardcoding the soname, or better, use a logical OR. eg: `libc6-dev | libc0.3-dev | libc-dev`. The `libc-dev` is a virtual package that works for any soname but you have to put it only as the last option.
+
+----
+
+## <a name="ChangeLog"> ChangeLog </a>
+
+-- [[Main/TWikiGuest]] - 13 Jan 2005
+
+Fix xgethostname example. - Neal
+
+-- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 22 Jul 2002
+
+Formatting and minor grammatical fixes.
+
+-- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 09 Sep 2002
+
+Added more examples and misc semantical fixes.
+
+-- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 05 Oct 2002
+
+Added `xgethostname` example.
+
+-- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 15 Nov 2002
+
+Added broken libc6 dependency
+
+-- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 21 Nov 2002
+
+Text formatting.
+
+-- Ognyan Kulev - 12 Mar 2003
+
+Added `ioctl` entry.
+
+-- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 19 Mar 2003
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/GnuDebianRelationship.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/GnuDebianRelationship.mdwn
index ede808c8..94fd6265 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/GnuDebianRelationship.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/GnuDebianRelationship.mdwn
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ I have hesitated in starting this page due to the sensitive nature of this relat
 
 This is a work in progress. Please email me directly if you have comments or suggestions.
 
-* Debian Advantages of Hurd [[Distrib/PortingIssues]] Efforts
+* Debian Advantages of Hurd [[porting/guidelines]] Efforts
   * One of the first ports to non-Linux system along with \*BSD and win32.
   * Official GNU system distribution.
 
-* Debian Disadvantages of Hurd [[Distrib/PortingIssues]] Efforts
+* Debian Disadvantages of Hurd [porting/guidelines]] Efforts
   * Perceived zealous GNU and FSF promotion.
 
 * Hurd Port Advantages of Debian
diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index 935c0c2d..607b50af 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
-  <dt>[[PortingIssues]] FAQ</dt>
+  <dt>[[porting/guidelines]] FAQ</dt>
   <dd> What does it take to move a piece of Debian packaged software to the GNU/Hurd port? </dd>
 </dl>
 
diff --git a/unsorted/PortingIssues.mdwn b/unsorted/PortingIssues.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 03980ef3..00000000
--- a/unsorted/PortingIssues.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
-## <a name="Overview"> Overview </a>
-
-This is a recompilation of common porting problems and their solutions. Information is gathered from the following sources:
-
-* [Debian GNU/Hurd port guidelines](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)
-
-* [James Morrison's GNU/Hurd pages](http://hurd.dyndns.org/)
-
-as well as other misc. sources.
-
-First of all, see [[BtsFiling]] if you need instructions on manipulating [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) source packages and submitting patches to their [Bug Tracking System](http://bugs.debian.org/).
-
-## <a name="System_API_limitations"> </a> System API limitations
-
-Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
-
-We maintain a separate Wiki page for information on these bugs, see [[Distrib/SystemAPILimits]]
-
-If you think you can fix any of them and send a patch to the debian BTS, that'd be much appreciated. You may ask in <bug-hurd@gnuNOSPAM.org> for details or questions on the bug.
-
-## <a name="Undefined_bits_confname_h_tt_mac"> Undefined `bits/confname.h` macros (`PIPE_BUF`, ...) </a>
-
-If macro `XXX` is undefined, but macro `_SC_XXX` or `_PC_XXX` is defined in `bits/confname.h`, you probably need to use `sysconf`, `pathconf` or `fpathconf` to obtain it dynamicaly.
-
-The following macros have been found in this offending situation (add more if you find them): `PIPE_BUF`
-
-An example with `sysconf`: (when you find a `sysconf` offending macro, put a better example)
-
-    #ifndef XXX
-    #define XXX sysconf(_SC_XXX)
-    #endif
-    /* offending code using XXX follows */
-
-An example with `fpathconf`:
-
-    #ifdef PIPE_BUF
-       read(fd, buff, PIPE_BUF - 1);
-    #else
-       read(fd, buff, fpathconf(fd, _PC_PIPE_BUF) - 1);
-    #endif
-    /* note we can't #define PIPE_BUF, because it depends
-       on the "fd" variable */
-
-## <a name="Bad_File_Descriptor"> Bad File Descriptor </a>
-
-If you get Bad File Descriptor error when trying to read from a file (or accessing it at all), check the `open()` invocation. The second argument is the access method. If it is a hard coded number instead of a symbol defined in the standard header files, the code is screwed and should be fixed to either use `O_RDONLY`, `O_WRONLY` or `O_RDWR`. This bug was observed in the `fortunes` and `mtools` packages for example.
-
-## <a name="PATH_MAX_tt_MAX_PATH_tt_MAXPATHL"> `PATH_MAX` / `MAX_PATH` / `MAXPATHLEN` </a>
-
-Every unconditionalized use of `PATH_MAX`, `MAX_PATH` or `MAXPATHLEN` is a POSIX incompatibility. If there is no upper limit on the length of a path (as its the case for GNU), this symbol is not defined in any header file. Instead, you need to either use a different implementation that does not rely on the length of a string or use `sysconf()` to query the length at runtime. If `sysconf()` returns -1, you have to use `realloc()` to allocate the needed memory dynamically. Usually it is thus simpler to just use dynamic allocation. Sometimes the amount is actually known. Else, a geometrically growing loop can be used: for instance, see [Alioth patch](http://alioth.debian.org/tracker/download.php/30628/410472/303735/1575/cpulimit-path-max-fix.patch). Note that in some cases there are GNU extensions that just work fine: when the `__GLIBC__` macro is defined, `getcwd()` calls can be just replaced by `get_current_dir_name()` calls.
-
-## <a name="ARG_MAX"> `ARG_MAX` </a>
-
-Same rationale as `PATH_MAX`. There is no limit on the number of arguments.
-
-## <a name="IOV_MAX"> `IOV_MAX` </a>
-
-Same rationale as `PATH_MAX`. There is no limit on the number of iovec items.
-
-## <a name="MAXHOSTNAMELEN_tt_"> `MAXHOSTNAMELEN` </a>
-
-Same as `PATH_MAX`. When you find a `gethostname()` function, which acts on a static buffer, you can replace it with Neal's [xgethostname function](http://ftp.walfield.org/pub/people/neal/xgethostname/) which returns the hostname as a dynamic buffer. For example:
-
-Buggy code:
-
-    char localhost[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
-    ...
-    gethostname(localhost, sizeof(localhost));
-
-Fixed code:
-
-    #include "xgethostname.h"
-    ...
-    char *localhost;
-    ...
-    localhost = xgethostname();
-    if (! localhost)
-      {
-        perror ("xgethostname");
-        return ERROR;
-      }
-    ...
-    /* use LOCALHOST.  */
-    free (localhost);
-
-## <a name="NOFILE_tt_"> `NOFILE` </a>
-
-Replace with `getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE,...)`
-
-## <a name="GNU_specific_define_tt_"> </a> GNU specific `#define`
-
-If you need to include specific code for GNU/Hurd using `#if` ... `#endif`, then you can use the `__GNU__` symbol to do so. But think (at least) thrice! before doing so. In most situations, this is completely unnecessary and will create more problems than it may solve. Better ask on the mailing list how to do it right if you can't think of a better solution.
-
-## <a name="sys_errlist_tt_vs_strerror_tt_"> `sys_errlist[]` vs. `strerror()` </a>
-
-If a program has only support for `sys_errlist[]` you will have to do some work to make it compile on GNU, which has dropped support for it and does only provide `strerror()`. Steinar Hamre writes about `strerror()`:
-
-`strerror()` should be used because:
-
-* It is the modern, POSIX way.
-* It is localized.
-* It handles invalid signals/numbers out of range. (better errorhandling and not a buffer-overflow-candidate/security risk)
-
-`strerror()` should always be used if it is available. Unfortunaly there are still some old non-POSIX systems that do not have `strerror()`, only `sys_errlist[]`.
-
-Today, only supporting `strerror()` is far better than only supporting `sys_errlist[]`. The best (from a portability viewpoint), however is supporting both. For configure.in, you will need:
-
-    AC_CHECK_FUNCS(strerror)
-
-To `config.h.in`, you need to add:
-
-    #undef HAVE_STRERROR
-
-Then something like:
-
-            #ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
-            static char *
-            private_strerror (errnum)
-                 int errnum;
-            {
-              extern char *sys_errlist[];
-              extern int sys_nerr;
-
-              if (errnum > 0 && errnum <= sys_nerr)
-                return sys_errlist[errnum];
-
-              return "Unknown system error";
-            }
-            #define strerror private_strerror
-            #endif /* HAVE_STRERROR */
-
-You can for example look in the latest coreutils (the above is a simplified version of what I found there.) Patches should of course be sent to upstream maintainers, this is very useful even for systems with a working `sys_errlist[]`.
-
-Of course, if you don't care about broken systems (like MS-DOG) not supporting `strerror()` you can just replace `sys_errlist[]` directly (upstream might not accept your patch, but debian should have no problem)
-
-## <a name="C++_error_t"> C++, `error_t` and `E*` </a>
-
-On the Hurd, `error_t` is an enumeration of the `E*` constants. However, C++
-does not like `E*` integer macros being directly assigned to that enumeration. In short, replace
-
-        error_t err = EINTR;
-
-by
-
-        error_t err = error_t(EINTR);
-
-## <a name="Filenames_ending_in_a_slash_"> Filenames ending in a slash \`/' </a>
-
-Those are evil if they don't exist and you want to name a directory this way. For example, `mkdir foobar/` will not work on GNU. This is POSIX compatible. POSIX says that the path of a directory may have slashes appended to it. But the directory does not exist yet, so the path does not refer to a directory, and hence trailing slashes are not guaranteed to work. Just drop the slashes, and you're fine.
-
-## <a name="Missing_termio_h_tt_"> Missing `termio.h` </a>
-
-Change it to use `termios.h` (check for it properly with autoconf `HAVE_TERMIOS_H` or the `__GLIBC__` macro)
-
-Also, change calls to `ioctl(fd, TCGETS, ...)` and `ioctl(fd, TCSETS, ...)` with `tcgetattr(fd, ...)` and `tcsetattr(fd, ...)`.
-
-## <a name="AC_HEADER_TERMIO_tt_"> `AC_HEADER_TERMIO` </a>
-
-The autoconf check for `AC_HEADER_TERMIO` tryes to check for termios, but it's only really checking for termio in `termios.h`. It is better to use `AC_CHECK_HEADERS(termio.h termios.h)`
-
-## <a name="_IOT"> missing `_IOT` </a>
-
-This comes from ioctls.  Fixing this is easy if the structure members can be expressed by using the _IOT() macro, else it's simply impossible... See `bits/termios.h` for an instance:
-
-`#define _IOT_termios /* Hurd ioctl type field.  */ \
-  _IOT (_IOTS (tcflag_t), 4, _IOTS (cc_t), NCCS, _IOTS (speed_t), 2)`
-
-because `struct termios` holds 4 members of type `tcflag_ts`, then `NCCS`
-members of type `cc_tsi` and finaly 2 members of type `speed_ts`.
-
-As you can see, this limits the number of kinds of members to 3, and in
-addition to that (see the bitfield described in `ioctls.h`), the third
-kind of member is limited to 3 members.  However, since at the API
-compatibility layer you are generally allowed to reorder fields in
-structures, you can usually manage to fit into these limits.
-
-Note: if a field member is a pointer, then the ioctl can't be expressed
-this way, and that makes sense, since the server you're talking to
-doesn't have direct access to your memory. Ways other than ioctls must
-then be found.
-
-## <a name="SA_SIGINFO"> `SA_SIGINFO` </a>
-
-Not implemented, packages may be fixed for working around this: use void sighandler(int num) prototype and sa_handler field.
-
-## <a name="SOL_IP"> `SOL_IP` </a>
-
-Not implemented yet.
-
-## <a name="HZ"> `HZ` </a>
-
-Linuxish and doesn't even make sense since the value may vary according to the running kernel.  Should use `sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)` or `CLK_TCK` instead.
-
-## <a name="SIOCDEVPRIVATE"> `SIOCDEVPRIVATE` </a>
-
-Oh, we should probably provide it.
-
-## <a name="MAP_NORESERVE"> `MAP_NORESERVE` </a>
-
-Not POSIX, but we could implement it.
-
-## <a name="O_DIRECT"> `O_DIRECT` </a>
-
-Long story to implement.
-
-## <a name="PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP"> `PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP` </a>
-
-We could easily provide it;
-
-## <a name="PTHREAD_STACK_MIN"> `PTHREAD_STACK_MIN` </a>
-
-We should actually provide it.
-
-## <a name="types"> `linux/types.h` or `asm/types.h` </a>
-
-These are not POSIX, `sys/types.h` and `stdint.h` should be used instead.
-
-## <a name="iopl"> `iopl` </a>
-
-Not supported. Try to replace with `ioperm(0, 65536, 1)` (conditionned with `__GNU__` as that will not work in Linux).
-
-## <a name="iopl"> `semget`, `sem_open` </a>
-
-Not implemented, will always fail.  Use `sem_init()` instead if possible.
-
-## <a name="net/..."> `net/if_arp.h`, `net/ethernet.h`, etc. </a>
-
-Not implemented, not POSIX.  Try to disable the feature in the package.
-
-## <a name="broken_libc6_dependency"> broken libc6 dependency </a>
-
-Some packages use an erroneous dependency on `libc6-dev`. This is incorrect because `libc6` is specific to GNU/Linux. The corresponding package for GNU is `libc0.3-dev` but other OSes will have different ones. You can locate the problem in the `debian/control` file of the source tree. Typical solutions include detecting the OS using `dpkg-architecture` and hardcoding the soname, or better, use a logical OR. eg: `libc6-dev | libc0.3-dev | libc-dev`. The `libc-dev` is a virtual package that works for any soname but you have to put it only as the last option.
-
-----
-
-## <a name="ChangeLog"> ChangeLog </a>
-
--- [[Main/TWikiGuest]] - 13 Jan 2005
-
-Fix xgethostname example. - Neal
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 22 Jul 2002
-
-Formatting and minor grammatical fixes.
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 09 Sep 2002
-
-Added more examples and misc semantical fixes.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 05 Oct 2002
-
-Added `xgethostname` example.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 15 Nov 2002
-
-Added broken libc6 dependency
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 21 Nov 2002
-
-Text formatting.
-
--- Ognyan Kulev - 12 Mar 2003
-
-Added `ioctl` entry.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 19 Mar 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e016e16505f5b97959dba8edc05411ce17bd7b67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 2009 18:44:10 +0200
Subject: unsorted/SystemAPILimits -> hurd/porting/system_api_limitations

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn             |  2 +-
 hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn                |  2 +-
 unsorted/SystemAPILimits.mdwn            | 30 -----------------------
 4 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/SystemAPILimits.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index ee27c9be..f37a17e2 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ First of all, see [[BtsFiling]] if you need instructions on manipulating [Debian
 
 Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
 
-We maintain a separate Wiki page for information on these bugs, see [[Distrib/SystemAPILimits]]
+We maintain a separate Wiki page for information on these bugs, see [[System_API_Limitations]]
 
 If you think you can fix any of them and send a patch to the debian BTS, that'd be much appreciated. You may ask in <bug-hurd@gnuNOSPAM.org> for details or questions on the bug.
 
diff --git a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d536f764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+## <a name="API_Limitations_of_the_GNU_syste"> </a> API Limitations of the GNU system
+
+----
+
+Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
+
+Taken from the bug lists in debian BTS. If you find more of them (and it is clear in the bug log that it is a bug), please add them to the list below. See:
+
+* <http://bugs.debian.org/hurd> ([source](http://packages.qa.debian.org/h/hurd.html) and [binary](http://packages.debian.org/hurd) debs not synchronized)
+* <http://bugs.debian.org/hurd-dev> ([binary](http://packages.debian.org/hurd-dev))
+* <http://bugs.debian.org/libc0.3> ([source](http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc.html) &amp; [binary](http://packages.debian.org/libc0.3) debs)
+* <http://bugs.debian.org/libc0.3-dev> ([binary](http://packages.debian.org/libc0.3-dev))
+
+----
+
+These are the known system API limits that have porting implications.
+
+**_[\#47998](http://bugs.debian.org/47998): `msgget` IPC not implemented_**
+
+**_[\#184565](http://bugs.debian.org/184565): libc0.3: missing shm\* functions (from `<sys/shm.h>`)_**<br />**breaks:** cdrtools<br />**error:** warning: shm\* is not implemented and will always fail
+
+**_[\#190581](http://bugs.debian.org/190581): nice() doesn't work_**<br />**breaks:** coreutils<br />**error:** `nice()` doesn't take effect on some situations
+
+**_[\#187391](http://bugs.debian.org/187391): libc0.3-dev: `sockaddr_un.sun_path` can't be assigned a `const char *` when compiling with g++_**<br />**breaks:** fam, gail<br />**status:** maybe this should be in [[PortingIssues]] (see _long_ bug log)
+
+**_[\#190367](http://bugs.debian.org/190367): libc0.3-dev: `fcntl` `F_GETLK` not implemented (`ENOSYS`)_**<br />**breaks:** gnome-session (and others) from running<br />**error:** misc lock-related errors
+
+-- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 01 May 2003
+
+Text formatting.<br /> -- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 02 May 2003
diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index 607b50af..77736a45 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 * GNU [Coding Standards](http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards.html)
 * [[TestSuites]] - Posix, Perl, results feedback, etc.
 * [[Documentation]]
-* [[SystemAPILimits]]
+* [[System_API_Limitations]]
 * [[CodeAnnouncements]] - Recent coding projects related to the Hurd
 
 <dl>
diff --git a/unsorted/SystemAPILimits.mdwn b/unsorted/SystemAPILimits.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8930ef9c..00000000
--- a/unsorted/SystemAPILimits.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-## <a name="API_Limitations_of_the_GNU_syste"> </a> API Limitations of the GNU system
-
-----
-
-Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
-
-Taken from the bug lists in debian BTS. If you find more of them (and it is clear in the bug log that it is a bug), please add them to the list below. See:
-
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/hurd> ([source](http://packages.qa.debian.org/h/hurd.html) and [binary](http://packages.debian.org/hurd) debs not synchronized)
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/hurd-dev> ([binary](http://packages.debian.org/hurd-dev))
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/libc0.3> ([source](http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc.html) &amp; [binary](http://packages.debian.org/libc0.3) debs)
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/libc0.3-dev> ([binary](http://packages.debian.org/libc0.3-dev))
-
-----
-
-These are the known system API limits that have porting implications.
-
-**_[\#47998](http://bugs.debian.org/47998): `msgget` IPC not implemented_**
-
-**_[\#184565](http://bugs.debian.org/184565): libc0.3: missing shm\* functions (from `<sys/shm.h>`)_**<br />**breaks:** cdrtools<br />**error:** warning: shm\* is not implemented and will always fail
-
-**_[\#190581](http://bugs.debian.org/190581): nice() doesn't work_**<br />**breaks:** coreutils<br />**error:** `nice()` doesn't take effect on some situations
-
-**_[\#187391](http://bugs.debian.org/187391): libc0.3-dev: `sockaddr_un.sun_path` can't be assigned a `const char *` when compiling with g++_**<br />**breaks:** fam, gail<br />**status:** maybe this should be in [[PortingIssues]] (see _long_ bug log)
-
-**_[\#190367](http://bugs.debian.org/190367): libc0.3-dev: `fcntl` `F_GETLK` not implemented (`ENOSYS`)_**<br />**breaks:** gnome-session (and others) from running<br />**error:** misc lock-related errors
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 01 May 2003
-
-Text formatting.<br /> -- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 02 May 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2276f5afa71d11d3016ae2ade7b8e383c03eef68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 2009 18:50:28 +0200
Subject: hurd/porting: New page.

---
 hurd.mdwn                        |  1 +
 hurd/porting.mdwn                | 14 ++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn |  5 ++++-
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/porting.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index ee40d6da..4bf28827 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
   * [[libnetfs]] -- short introductory material
 * [[IO_Path]]
+* [[Porting]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
 * [[Networking]]
diff --git a/hurd/porting.mdwn b/hurd/porting.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1900f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/porting.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[Guidelines]]
+  * [[System_API_Limitations]]
+
+  * Debian: [[running/debian/Porting]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index eb46c4c3..3ad25e01 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ that need someone to work on them.
 When you have a patch to submit, please adhere to the [[patch_submission]]
 guidelines.
 
+There is also further information available about [[hurd/porting]].
+
 [[inline
 pages="hurd/running/debian/porting/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5fb5cd59948b112aaaaa24c406bc1fe7f31a0382 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 2009 19:01:48 +0200
Subject: Remove superseded page.

---
 hurd/running/debian/BtsFiling.mdwn | 52 --------------------------------------
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn          |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 53 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/BtsFiling.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/BtsFiling.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/BtsFiling.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 90f451a8..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/BtsFiling.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-When you encounter any GNU/Hurd related bugs in a Debian package you can fix, please use the Debian BTS (Bug Tracking System) to report them.
-
-Managing Debian packages and using the BTS is quite simple. If you're new to Debian, here's a short guide:
-
-* first of all, check [http://bugs.debian.org/&lt;package&gt;](http://bugs.debian.org) to ensure the problem is not in the BTS already. This is possible for packages and bug numbers. [[TWiki/InterWikis]] is a shorthand way of linking to bugs and packages from this site. i.e. [[DebianBug]]:hurd [[DebianPackage]]:oskit
-* you can fetch package sources with:
-
-          apt-get source <package>
-
-note: this should unpack already
-
-* and unpack with:
-
-          dpkg-source -x <package>x-y_z.dsc
-
-* then get all dependencies:
-
-          apt-get -y build-dep <package>
-
-note: if some dependencies are missing, it most probably means you have to port them first. follow this instructions recursively until done
-
-    :)
-
-* Debian packages have a makefile in debian/rules, with (at least) the following targets: <dl>
-  <dt> build</dt>
-  <dd> Yup, to build </dd>
-  <dt> binary</dt>
-  <dd> Generates deb files in <code>../</code></dd>
-  <dt> clean</dt>
-  <dd> Full clean </dd>
-</dl>
-
-* when you have a patch, send it to the BTS using the reportbug utility (or manually as explained in <http://bugs.debian.org/)>. The following parameters should be used:
-
-       Severity: important   (when the package is unbuildable or uninstallable, lower otherwise.)
-       Tags: sid, patch
-
-* be nice to the maintainers. most are friendly and cooperative, and a few could annoy you for months before applying. Be patient.
-
-Read <http://bugs.debian.org/> for extensive documentation on the BTS.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 10 Jun 2002
-
-----
-
-Wikification &amp; small changes.
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 24 Jun 2002
-
-Updates with the new [[TWiki/InterWikis]] rules.
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 15 Jan 2003
diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index 77736a45..bbf0a380 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 
 <dl>
   <dt> Debain Infrastructure</dt>
-  <dd> Testing is critical in helping the development effort. Bugs (defect reports) can be filed against the Debian software package in which they are found. [[BtsFiling]] tells how to file a Debian bug report. [[DebianPackages]] has some information about how Debian splits the software into packages and some references. There is a buildd autobuilder compiling the Debian Sid archive software for the GNU/Hurd port. [[BuilddStatus]] includes information on the buildd &amp;amp; turtle efforts. </dd>
+  <dd> Testing is critical in helping the development effort. Bugs (defect reports) can be filed against the Debian software package in which they are found. [[debian/patch_submission]] tells how to file a Debian bug report. [[DebianPackages]] has some information about how Debian splits the software into packages and some references. There is a buildd autobuilder compiling the Debian Sid archive software for the GNU/Hurd port. [[BuilddStatus]] includes information on the buildd &amp;amp; turtle efforts. </dd>
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 661c83c479f13d8e7c1e5d52946a7cce19b0a67f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 2009 19:11:59 +0200
Subject: Rework introduction and remove changelog.

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 60 ++++++--------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index f37a17e2..b96df856 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -9,29 +9,19 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
+This is a compilation of common porting problems and their solutions.
 
-%TOC%
 
-## <a name="Overview"> Overview </a>
+Additionally to this page, also see the section *General Porting Issues* of
+<http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian><!-- TODO: merge these two
+pages.  -->, as well as further Debian-specific [[running/debian/porting]]
+information.
 
-This is a recompilation of common porting problems and their solutions. Information is gathered from the following sources:
+There is a separate page about [[System_API_Limitations]].
 
-* [Debian GNU/Hurd port guidelines](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)
+You may ask on the [[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] mailing list for details or
+questions about fixing bugs.
 
-* [James Morrison's GNU/Hurd pages](http://hurd.dyndns.org/)
-
-as well as other misc. sources.
-
-First of all, see [[BtsFiling]] if you need instructions on manipulating [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) source packages and submitting patches to their [Bug Tracking System](http://bugs.debian.org/).
-
-## <a name="System_API_limitations"> </a> System API limitations
-
-Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
-
-We maintain a separate Wiki page for information on these bugs, see [[System_API_Limitations]]
-
-If you think you can fix any of them and send a patch to the debian BTS, that'd be much appreciated. You may ask in <bug-hurd@gnuNOSPAM.org> for details or questions on the bug.
 
 ## <a name="Undefined_bits_confname_h_tt_mac"> Undefined `bits/confname.h` macros (`PIPE_BUF`, ...) </a>
 
@@ -245,37 +235,3 @@ Not implemented, not POSIX.  Try to disable the feature in the package.
 ## <a name="broken_libc6_dependency"> broken libc6 dependency </a>
 
 Some packages use an erroneous dependency on `libc6-dev`. This is incorrect because `libc6` is specific to GNU/Linux. The corresponding package for GNU is `libc0.3-dev` but other OSes will have different ones. You can locate the problem in the `debian/control` file of the source tree. Typical solutions include detecting the OS using `dpkg-architecture` and hardcoding the soname, or better, use a logical OR. eg: `libc6-dev | libc0.3-dev | libc-dev`. The `libc-dev` is a virtual package that works for any soname but you have to put it only as the last option.
-
-----
-
-## <a name="ChangeLog"> ChangeLog </a>
-
--- [[Main/TWikiGuest]] - 13 Jan 2005
-
-Fix xgethostname example. - Neal
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 22 Jul 2002
-
-Formatting and minor grammatical fixes.
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 09 Sep 2002
-
-Added more examples and misc semantical fixes.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 05 Oct 2002
-
-Added `xgethostname` example.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 15 Nov 2002
-
-Added broken libc6 dependency
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 21 Nov 2002
-
-Text formatting.
-
--- Ognyan Kulev - 12 Mar 2003
-
-Added `ioctl` entry.
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 19 Mar 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6e2b09121895bb07d88b86ba1374d68d0cde9df1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 2009 19:15:39 +0200
Subject: Rework introduction and remove changelog.

---
 hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn | 24 +++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
index d536f764..83a54654 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
@@ -9,20 +9,14 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-## <a name="API_Limitations_of_the_GNU_syste"> </a> API Limitations of the GNU system
+Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API
+implementation (in [[glibc]] and the [[Hurd]]).  Make sure you check this list
+and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just
+to find out its an already known bug.
 
-----
-
-Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API implementation (in Glibc and the Hurd). Make sure you check this list and know them before porting, otherwise you'll end up debugging something just to find out its an already known bug.
-
-Taken from the bug lists in debian BTS. If you find more of them (and it is clear in the bug log that it is a bug), please add them to the list below. See:
-
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/hurd> ([source](http://packages.qa.debian.org/h/hurd.html) and [binary](http://packages.debian.org/hurd) debs not synchronized)
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/hurd-dev> ([binary](http://packages.debian.org/hurd-dev))
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/libc0.3> ([source](http://packages.qa.debian.org/g/glibc.html) &amp; [binary](http://packages.debian.org/libc0.3) debs)
-* <http://bugs.debian.org/libc0.3-dev> ([binary](http://packages.debian.org/libc0.3-dev))
-
-----
+Taken from the bug lists in [[running/Debian]] BTS.  If you find more of them
+(and it is clear in the bug log that it is a bug), please add them to the list
+below.
 
 These are the known system API limits that have porting implications.
 
@@ -35,7 +29,3 @@ These are the known system API limits that have porting implications.
 **_[\#187391](http://bugs.debian.org/187391): libc0.3-dev: `sockaddr_un.sun_path` can't be assigned a `const char *` when compiling with g++_**<br />**breaks:** fam, gail<br />**status:** maybe this should be in [[PortingIssues]] (see _long_ bug log)
 
 **_[\#190367](http://bugs.debian.org/190367): libc0.3-dev: `fcntl` `F_GETLK` not implemented (`ENOSYS`)_**<br />**breaks:** gnome-session (and others) from running<br />**error:** misc lock-related errors
-
--- [[Main/RobertMillan]] - 01 May 2003
-
-Text formatting.<br /> -- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 02 May 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1b7d5c4900176a17af278f082b3dc6dbf888a94a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://arnebab.livejournal.com/" <http://arnebab.livejournal.com/@web>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2009 08:29:01 +0000
Subject: added contact link to hurd disk image with translator-intro.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index f13ef5c8..8a3dce61 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro on translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
-  It should work without any of the configuration below. -[[community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
+  It should work without any of the configuration below. when you use it, please [tell me your experience with it](http://draketo.de/contact)! - [[community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8ad7193b826bd2c477bce8382eafd68d137162dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mahesh <Mahesh@web>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2009 16:28:48 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index 2ef08f8a..6ee5b2f2 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ introduction to GNU Hurd and GNU Mach programming, an overview of some of the
 Hurd's features.  It also contains a tutorial on writing your own
 [[translator]].
 
+Before using the code in the example (trivfs) please do read the Changelog. A lot of changes might have taken place.
+
   * [HTML version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html) for
     browsing online,
   * [PostScript version](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.ps)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 814e148d4425b3f020fca5e7d5ff17a0f4e6b16c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2009 13:11:01 +0200
Subject: Link to the fatfs file truncating bug.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn     | 3 +++
 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 8a3dce61..d5f27311 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ The Hurd [[`fatfs`_translator|translator/fatfs]] currently is read-only, but
 for testing executables (etc.) that is enough.  And it is much easier than
 loop-mounting the file systems images.  (Also you don't need `root' rights.)
 
+However, note that there is a bug in [[translator/fatfs]]: [[GNU_Savannah_bug
+25961]].
+
 
 # Networking in QEMU
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
index b534b97e..fd537896 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,4 +9,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The current `fatfs` translator is read-only.
+The current `fatfs` translator is read-only, and it has a severe bug:
+[[GNU_Savannah_bug 25961]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9dc82fc1702ac5c8de6bd5ee654cd8be73e1d0d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Fri, 1 May 2009 02:27:25 +0200
Subject: finish the path

---
 hurd/io_path.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/io_path.mdwn b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
index 96e6aa58..34ed302a 100644
--- a/hurd/io_path.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
@@ -35,3 +35,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
     `hurd/libstore/rdwr.c:store_read`, which eventually calls `device_read`,
     which is an [[RPC]], i.e., that actually gets into the kernel calling
     `gnumach/linux/dev/glue/block.c:device_read`.
+
+  * ext2fs eventually finishes the data_request() function, the kernel installs
+    the page into the process that got a fault.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e3ed8b1d903b81ad08b685dc148a68ced6868e9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 16 May 2009 20:52:57 +0200
Subject: issue fixed

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn | 39 --------------------------------
 1 file changed, 39 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d64b9b5..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Modify the [[building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
-building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
-
-Compiling a most-trivial C++ program used to work with GCC 4.2 and 4.3 (and the
-resulting binaries would also work), but linking fails with GCC SVN trunk:
-
-    $ $TARGET-g++ -Wall a.cc -lpthread
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__multf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fixunstfsi'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__subtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__divtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__copysigntf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__addtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__lttf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatsitf'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__netf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatunsitf'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__eqtf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fabstf2'
-    collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-
-Whether this defect report also applies to a natively-build GCC from SVN trunk
-has not yet been checked.
-
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] suspects the problem to be a configuration issue
-of a GCC helper library, whose configuration setup has changed after GCC 4.3.
-
-The need for `-lpthread` is another story.  See the Debian glibc patches
-repository for details.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b41418a8c4efeb4359b65f750f1ca893970676c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 16 May 2009 20:56:39 +0200
Subject: add url to my answer

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 3ad25e01..6a26db22 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Hurd, however, many programs fail to build for various reasons.
 A [list of build failures including error
 messages](http://unstable.buildd.net/buildd/hurd-i386_Failed.html) can be
 found, as well as a [preliminary
-analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them.
+analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them and [solutions](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00001.html).
 
 It might be a good idea to record your intention to port something either in
 the list below or in the [Alioth task
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 817e553f3f82308489b3ff58c45ddd6137a9746c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 12:20:54 +0200
Subject: Add title.

---
 hurd/critique.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index dacd7bb8..6599eb06 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[meta title="A Critique of the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating System"]]
+
 Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
 the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating
 System*](http://walfield.org/papers/200707-walfield-critique-of-the-GNU-Hurd.pdf).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3d37fb935f350d68cedcd59023f0df309b871e53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 12:26:20 +0200
Subject: Diplay open issues that are appropriately tagged.

---
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                         | 4 ++--
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn     | 5 +++--
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn | 5 +++--
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
index c4bcce09..d3401cbf 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for the GNU Hurd.
 
 [[inline
-pages="hurd/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+pages="(hurd/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_hurd)) and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
index ec289708..aab854c2 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
 
 [[inline
-pages="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+pages="(microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/*  or tagged(open_issue_*mach))
+and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
index 225f9cfc..37d27f19 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
 
 [[inline
-pages="microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/* and !*/discussion"
+pages="(microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_*mig))
+and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 862ad60d9f39c8f895ccea7484c6e12fd10e966c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 12:33:27 +0200
Subject: Don't display pages tagged as fixed_in_debian.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 3ad25e01..7d894b56 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ guidelines.
 There is also further information available about [[hurd/porting]].
 
 [[inline
-pages="hurd/running/debian/porting/* and !*/discussion"
+pages="hurd/running/debian/porting/* and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and
+!*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d68a88bce5268ad7d9f0f83b79de7a5f7d2c8582 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 12:36:29 +0200
Subject: Display pages tagged as open_issue_porting.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 7d894b56..d7677e96 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ guidelines.
 There is also further information available about [[hurd/porting]].
 
 [[inline
-pages="hurd/running/debian/porting/* and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and
-!*/discussion"
+pages="(hurd/running/debian/porting/* or tagged(open_issue_porting)) and
+!tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bf50f7e8947980cc3fe9f7a09219481b35355360 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 12:36:49 +0200
Subject: Tag as fixed_in_debian.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
index 1d64b9b5..d8a6f971 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[tag fixed_in_debian]]
+
 Modify the [[building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
 building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 88ce1e5f9fddfe35c5f980ce5c6242b74a3d1527 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 16:17:01 +0200
Subject: Prefix directives.

---
 abac.mdwn                                          |   4 +-
 asbestos.mdwn                                      |   4 +-
 asking_questions.mdwn                              |   4 +-
 binutils.mdwn                                      |   4 +-
 capability.mdwn                                    |   4 +-
 colophon.mdwn                                      |   4 +-
 .../about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn     |   6 +-
 community.mdwn                                     |   4 +-
 community/communication.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 community/facebook.mdwn                            |   4 +-
 community/gsoc.mdwn                                |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/2008.mdwn                           |   4 +-
 community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn        |   4 +-
 community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn        |   4 +-
 community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn        |   4 +-
 community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn       |   4 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn                  |  64 ++++++-------
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn       |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn |   6 +-
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn    |   6 +-
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn      |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn           |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn     |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn             |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn  |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn    |   6 +-
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn      |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn  |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn           |   6 +-
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn      |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn          |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn          |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn             |   6 +-
 .../namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn      |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn              |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn  |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn             |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn           |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn         |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn    |   6 +-
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn      |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn            |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn     |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn            |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn     |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn       |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn   |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn        |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn            |   8 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn            |   6 +-
 community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn       |   4 +-
 community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn                     |   4 +-
 community/meetings.mdwn                            |   6 +-
 community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn               |   8 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn                |   6 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn                |   6 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn                |  10 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn                |  12 +--
 community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn                  |   6 +-
 community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn             |   6 +-
 community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn          |   4 +-
 community/weblogs.mdwn                             |   6 +-
 community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn                     |   6 +-
 ...oes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn |   4 +-
 config_edittemplate.mdwn                           |   6 +-
 config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn              |   4 +-
 confused_deputy.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 contact_us.mdwn                                    |   4 +-
 contributing.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 contributing/questionnaire.mdwn                    |   4 +-
 contributing/web_pages.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 designation.mdwn                                   |   4 +-
 destructive_interference.mdwn                      |   4 +-
 documentation.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 donate.mdwn                                        |   4 +-
 emulation.mdwn                                     |   4 +-
 extensibility.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 fdl.texi                                           |  10 +-
 gcc.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 gdb.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 gdb/backtrace.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 getting_help.mdwn                                  |   6 +-
 glibc.mdwn                                         |   4 +-
 hurd.mdwn                                          |   6 +-
 hurd/advantages.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                           |   4 +-
 hurd/binutils.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                 |   4 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn      |   4 +-
 hurd/building/example.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/concepts.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 hurd/critique.mdwn                                 |   6 +-
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                |   4 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn                            |   4 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn      |   4 +-
 hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn                     |   6 +-
 .../translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn    |   4 +-
 hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn                 |   4 +-
 hurd/documentation.mdwn                            |   4 +-
 hurd/documentation/auth.html                       |   6 +-
 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html             |   6 +-
 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html                 |   8 +-
 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html                  |   6 +-
 hurd/documentation/translators.html                |   6 +-
 hurd/faq.mdwn                                      |   8 +-
 hurd/faq/old_faq.txt                               |   4 +-
 hurd/faq/release.mdwn                              |   6 +-
 hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn                    |   6 +-
 hurd/gcc.mdwn                                      |   4 +-
 hurd/glibc.mdwn                                    |   4 +-
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn                  |   6 +-
 hurd/history.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn                       |   6 +-
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/io_path.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 hurd/libchannel.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 hurd/libhello_example.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 hurd/libpager.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 hurd/logo.mdwn                                     |   8 +-
 hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn                             |   4 +-
 hurd/networking.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn                      |   4 +-
 .../limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn   |   4 +-
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                              |   8 +-
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn               |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn                |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn            |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn            |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn               |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn        |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn               |   4 +-
 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn       |   4 +-
 hurd/porting.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn           |   4 +-
 hurd/reference_manual.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/running.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn                           |   2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn          |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn             |   2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn    |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                       |   8 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn |   6 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn     |   6 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn            |   6 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn    |   4 +-
 .../running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn            |   6 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn                    |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn           |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn          |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn           |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn    |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn              |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn        |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn      |   4 +-
 .../faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn       |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn        |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn          |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn                   |   8 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn           |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn               |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn           |   6 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn    |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn        |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn          |   4 +-
 .../debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn        |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn               |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn             |   4 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn             |   4 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn              |   4 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn    |   4 +-
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                             |   2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn           |   4 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn                  |   4 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn    |   4 +-
 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn                           |   4 +-
 hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn                |   4 +-
 hurd/settrans.mdwn                                 |   4 +-
 hurd/status.mdwn                                   |   4 +-
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn                |   6 +-
 hurd/toolchain.mdwn                                |   4 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/auth.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn                      |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn                         |   6 +-
 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn         |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn                   |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn                        |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn                   |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn                |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn                 |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn                    |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn                        |   6 +-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn                         |   6 +-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn              |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn           |   6 +-
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn                       |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn                    |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn               |   4 +-
 hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn                      |   4 +-
 hurd/virtualization.mdwn                           |   4 +-
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn                     |   6 +-
 .../gramatically_speaking.mdwn                     |   6 +-
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn  |   6 +-
 ibac.mdwn                                          |   4 +-
 idl.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 ikiwiki.setup                                      |   2 +-
 index.mdwn                                         |  10 +-
 index/discussion.mdwn                              |   4 +-
 ipc.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 irc.mdwn                                           |   8 +-
 isolation.mdwn                                     |   4 +-
 license.mdwn                                       |   2 +-
 liedtke.mdwn                                       |   4 +-
 mailing_lists.mdwn                                 |  10 +-
 mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn                        |   6 +-
 mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn                     |   4 +-
 mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn              |   6 +-
 mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn                       |   6 +-
 mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn              |   6 +-
 mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn                      |   6 +-
 mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn                         |   6 +-
 mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn                     |   4 +-
 mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn                        |   6 +-
 mechanism.mdwn                                     |   4 +-
 microkernel.mdwn                                   |   4 +-
 microkernel/faq.mdwn                               |   8 +-
 microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn       |   6 +-
 microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn                     |   4 +-
 microkernel/fud.mdwn                               |   5 +-
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn     |   5 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                      |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn           |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn     |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn            |   4 +-
 .../mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn  |  10 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn          |   8 +-
 .../open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn  |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn            |   8 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn  |   4 +-
 .../ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn        |   8 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn             |   6 +-
 .../mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn   |  48 +++++-----
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn   |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn     |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn       |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn            |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn    |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn                  |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn      |   8 +-
 .../open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn    |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/port.mdwn                         |   4 +-
 microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 microkernel/viengoos.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn                 |   4 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn            |   4 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn                 |   4 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn                 |   6 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn              |   4 +-
 naming_context.mdwn                                |   4 +-
 news.mdwn                                          |   6 +-
 news/2002-01-13.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-01-19.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-02-18.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-03-03.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-03-08.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-03-23.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-05-05.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-05-18.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-05-24.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-05-28.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-06-22.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-08-16.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-10-03.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn                             |   4 +-
 news/2002-10-19.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2002-11-18.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2003-01-18.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2003-02-14.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2003-07-02.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2003-07-16.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2003-08-21.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2005-01-28.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2005-09-20.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2006-04-27.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2007-01-07.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2007-01-14.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2007-03-14.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2007-10-01.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2007-10-12.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2008-02-11.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2008-03-19.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2008-09-11.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2008-11-14.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2008-12-12.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 news/2009-03-28.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 open_issues.mdwn                                   |  10 +-
 open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn                   |   8 +-
 persistency.mdwn                                   |   4 +-
 policy.mdwn                                        |   4 +-
 principal.mdwn                                     |   4 +-
 public_hurd_boxen.mdwn                             |   6 +-
 qemu.mdwn                                          |   4 +-
 recent_changes.mdwn                                |   8 +-
 rpc.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 rules.mdwn                                         |   4 +-
 rules/savannah_group.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 rules/source_repositories.mdwn                     |   4 +-
 security.mdwn                                      |   4 +-
 sfi.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 shortcuts.mdwn                                     | 104 ++++++++++-----------
 sidebar.mdwn                                       |  12 +--
 tcb.mdwn                                           |   4 +-
 trackers.mdwn                                      |   4 +-
 trust.mdwn                                         |   4 +-
 unix.mdwn                                          |   6 +-
 user/flaviocruz.mdwn                               |   4 +-
 user/madhusudancs.mdwn                             |   6 +-
 user/scolobb.mdwn                                  |   4 +-
 user/tschwinge.mdwn                                |   6 +-
 user/vincentvikram.mdwn                            |   4 +-
 user/zhengda/howto.mdwn                            |   4 +-
 virtualization.mdwn                                |   6 +-
 348 files changed, 946 insertions(+), 942 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/abac.mdwn b/abac.mdwn
index a260a986..bdf63a32 100644
--- a/abac.mdwn
+++ b/abac.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/asbestos.mdwn b/asbestos.mdwn
index 65ab391e..fcbd8ecb 100644
--- a/asbestos.mdwn
+++ b/asbestos.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/asking_questions.mdwn b/asking_questions.mdwn
index d58dee61..bb5c8ffb 100644
--- a/asking_questions.mdwn
+++ b/asking_questions.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/binutils.mdwn b/binutils.mdwn
index 3e9e5889..85791914 100644
--- a/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/binutils.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index 2d4d2ce8..c5ef0d1d 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/colophon.mdwn b/colophon.mdwn
index 9146bc15..1afdd51a 100644
--- a/colophon.mdwn
+++ b/colophon.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn b/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
index 8c556261..d9443b17 100644
--- a/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
+++ b/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ also made available by the authors at
 <http://svcs.cs.pdx.edu/~jamey/wikiconverter/>.
 
 The Debian package *libhtml-wikiconverter-perl* is too old at least until
-[[debbug 419918]] is closed.
+[[!debbug 419918]] is closed.
 
 For converting from rcs files (as used by TWiki) to a git repository you'll
 need to get `git clone git://people.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs` and build
diff --git a/community.mdwn b/community.mdwn
index 5d58ae5a..9d8af0ec 100644
--- a/community.mdwn
+++ b/community.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/communication.mdwn b/community/communication.mdwn
index d2eccceb..0e56a77e 100644
--- a/community/communication.mdwn
+++ b/community/communication.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/facebook.mdwn b/community/facebook.mdwn
index b5340224..31a27fec 100644
--- a/community/facebook.mdwn
+++ b/community/facebook.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc.mdwn b/community/gsoc.mdwn
index ed1f7a52..506516bb 100644
--- a/community/gsoc.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Google Summer of Code"]]
+[[!meta title="Google Summer of Code"]]
 
 # 2009
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
index 5bb5f314..31d45d05 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn
index 3f2c0313..0cb624f2 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn
index 9c99a8e7..f960ab06 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn
index 8adb838c..0c848e8a 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn b/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn
index 53cd85ac..946c225b 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index 78cc7ad3..dede290f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -75,33 +75,33 @@ will assist you as well as we can.
 
 See also the list of [Hurd-related X.org project ideas](http://wiki.x.org/wiki/Hurd_Porting).
 
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn
index 117dc56e..f13e19e6 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Implement CD Audio Grabbing"]]
+[[!meta title="Implement CD Audio Grabbing"]]
 
 The Hurd presently has only support for CD-ROMs, but not for audio extraction
 ("grabbing"). As a result, cdparanoia (and other extraction
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn
index cac85df2..183f6708 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Port the Debian Installer to the Hurd"]]
+[[!meta title="Port the Debian Installer to the Hurd"]]
 
 The primary means of distributing the Hurd is through Debian GNU/Hurd.
 However, the installation CDs presently use an ancient, non-native installer.
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn
index 8d9b3b7c..9f361de9 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Disk I/O Performance Tuning"]]
+[[!meta title="Disk I/O Performance Tuning"]]
 
 The most obvious reason for the Hurd feeling slow compared to mainstream
 systems like GNU/Linux, is very slow harddisk access.
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn
index a6e090eb..519d1195 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Use Internet Protocol Translators (ftpfs etc.) as Backends for Other Programs"]]
+[[!meta title="Use Internet Protocol Translators (ftpfs etc.) as Backends for Other Programs"]]
 
 The Hurd design facilitates splitting up large applications into independent,
 generic components, which can be easily combined in different contexts, by
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn
index 0e193a25..b3c4c129 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="New Driver Glue Code"]]
+[[!meta title="New Driver Glue Code"]]
 
 Although a driver framework in userspace would be desirable, presently the Hurd
 uses kernel drivers in the microkernel,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ This is a doable, but pretty involved project. Previous experience with driver
 programming probably is a must. (No Hurd-specific knowledge is required,
 though.)
 
-This is [[GNU_Savannah_task 5488]].
+This is [[!GNU_Savannah_task 5488]].
 
 Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn
index f0c6f07a..18fbe956 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="dtrace Support"]]
+[[!meta title="dtrace Support"]]
 
 One of the main problems of the current Hurd implementation is very poor
 performance. While we have a bunch of ideas what could cause the performance
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn
index b20b82fd..0c057639 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Fix File Locking"]]
+[[!meta title="Fix File Locking"]]
 
 Over the years, [[UNIX]] has aquired a host of different file locking mechanisms.
 Some of them work on the Hurd, while others are buggy or only partially
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn
index 135c19aa..b70ab3c6 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Porting GNAT"]]
+[[!meta title="Porting GNAT"]]
 
 The GNU Ada Translator (GNAT) isn't available for the Hurd so far. There are
 also a number of other Debian packages depending on GNAT, and thus not
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn
index 0fd6e481..ecbbb200 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="GNU Mach Code Cleanup"]]
+[[!meta title="GNU Mach Code Cleanup"]]
 
 Although there are some attempts to move to a more modern microkernel
 alltogether, the current Hurd implementation is based on
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn
index 88b94caa..4a1fe73c 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Stub Implementations of Hardware Specific Libraries"]]
+[[!meta title="Stub Implementations of Hardware Specific Libraries"]]
 
 Many programs use special libraries to access certain hardware devices,
 like libusb, libbluetooth, libraw1394, libiw-dev (though there already is a
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
index 6dc83463..c247a8f8 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Bindings to Other Programming Languages"]]
+[[!meta title="Bindings to Other Programming Languages"]]
 
 The main idea of the Hurd design is giving users the ability to easily
 modify/extend the system's functionality ([[extensible_system|extensibility]]).
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn
index 55d00337..e37bc71f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Lexical .. Resolution"]]
+[[!meta title="Lexical .. Resolution"]]
 
 For historical reasons, [[UNIX]] filesystems have a real (hard) `..` link from each
 directory pointing to its parent. However, this is problematic, because the
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ to use lexical resolution, and to check that the system is still fully
 functional afterwards. This task requires understanding the filename resolution
 mechanism.
 
-See also [[GNU_Savannah_bug 17133]].
+See also [[!GNU_Savannah_bug 17133]].
 
 Possible mentors: ?
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
index 9e722815..2745dc7e 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Implementing libcap"]]
+[[!meta title="Implementing libcap"]]
 
 libcap is a library providing the API to access POSIX capabilities. These allow
 giving various kinds of specific privileges to individual users, without giving
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
index 434e39ba..d484b40b 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Fix libdiskfs Locking Issues"]]
+[[!meta title="Fix libdiskfs Locking Issues"]]
 
 Nowadays the most often encountered cause of Hurd crashes seems to be lockups
 in the [[hurd/translator/ext2fs]] server.  One of these could be traced
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
index 4f848820..c0f966c5 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Porting libgtop"]]
+[[!meta title="Porting libgtop"]]
 
 libgtop is a library used by many applications (especially GNOME applications)
 to abstract the system-specific methods for obtaining information about the
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
index d78297d5..6ece2dbf 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Fixing Programs Using PATH_MAX et al Unconditionally"]]
+[[!meta title="Fixing Programs Using PATH_MAX et al Unconditionally"]]
 
 POSIX describes some constants (or rather macros) like PATH_MAX/MAXPATHLEN and
 similar, which may be defined by the system to indicate certain limits. Many
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn
index 8e848410..39cde2dd 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="mtab"]]
+[[!meta title="mtab"]]
 
 In traditional monolithic system, the kernel keeps track of all mounts; the
 information is available through `/proc/mounts` (on Linux at least), and in a
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn
index 6bb643fa..79aad7a1 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Namspace-based Translator Selection"]]
+[[!meta title="Namspace-based Translator Selection"]]
 
 The main idea behind the Hurd is to make (almost) all system functionality
 user-modifiable ([[extensible_system|extensibility]]).  This includes a
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn
index 3874d81a..eeeda6f0 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Improved NFS Implementation"]]
+[[!meta title="Improved NFS Implementation"]]
 
 The Hurd has both NFS server and client implementations, which work, but not
 very well: File locking doesn't work properly (at least in conjuction with a
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ has been done for a former GSoC application -- it might give you some pointers.
 But don't take any of the statements made there for granted -- check the facts
 yourself!
 
-This task, [[GNU_Savannah_task 5497]], has no special prerequisites besides general programming skills, and
+This task, [[!GNU_Savannah_task 5497]], has no special prerequisites besides general programming skills, and
 an interest in file systems and network protocols.
 
 Possible mentors: ?
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn
index c7a33944..4e544ed5 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Hurdish Package Manager for the GNU System"]]
+[[!meta title="Hurdish Package Manager for the GNU System"]]
 
 Most GNU/Linux systems use pretty sophisticated package managers, to ease the
 management of installed software.  These keep track of all installed files, and
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn
index 803f710e..23420159 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Improving Perl Support"]]
+[[!meta title="Improving Perl Support"]]
 
 Perl is available on the Hurd, but there are quite a lot of test suite
 failures. These could be caused by problems in the system-specific
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
index 55556b02..8acfa228 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="procfs"]]
+[[!meta title="procfs"]]
 
 Although there is no standard (POSIX or other) for the layout of the `/proc`
 pseudo-filesystem, it turned out a very useful facility in GNU/Linux and other
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
index aa532a9a..0e677268 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Convert Hurd Libraries and Servers to pthreads"]]
+[[!meta title="Convert Hurd Libraries and Servers to pthreads"]]
 
 The Hurd was originally created at a time when the [pthreads
 standard](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/pthread.h.html)
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ libfuse](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#libfuse) with any FUSE modules
 depending on pthreads for example.)
 
 Most of the conversion has already been done in previous efforts (see
-[[GNU_Savannah_task 5487]]) -- but the tricky parts are still missing.
+[[!GNU_Savannah_task 5487]]) -- but the tricky parts are still missing.
 
 The goal of this project is to have all the Hurd code use pthreads. Should any
 limitations in the existing pthreads implementation turn up that hinder this
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
index ba47f78d..e5848a0f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Secure chroot Implementation"]]
+[[!meta title="Secure chroot Implementation"]]
 
 As the Hurd attempts to be (almost) fully [[UNIX]]-compatible, it also implements a
 `chroot()` system call.  However, the current implementation is not really
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn
index 2513df0b..66171313 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Server Overriding Mechanism"]]
+[[!meta title="Server Overriding Mechanism"]]
 
 The main idea of the Hurd is that every user can influence almost all system
 functionality ([[extensible_system|extensibility]]), by running private Hurd
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ This tasks requires some understanding of the Hurd internals, especially a good
 understanding of the file name lookup mechanism. It's probably not too heavy on
 the coding side.
 
-This is [[GNU_Savannah_task 6612]].  Also there are quite a bit of emails
+This is [[!GNU_Savannah_task 6612]].  Also there are quite a bit of emails
 discussing this topic, from a previous year's GSoC application -- see
 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-03/msg00050.html>,
 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-03/msg00114.html>,
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn
index 26bb91cb..134c5b59 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Sound Support"]]
+[[!meta title="Sound Support"]]
 
-The Hurd presently has no sound support.  Fixing this, [[GNU_Savannah_task
+The Hurd presently has no sound support.  Fixing this, [[!GNU_Savannah_task
 5485]], requires two steps: the first is to port some other kernel's drivers to
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] so we can get access to actual sound
 hardware.  The second is to implement a userspace server ([[hurd/translator]]),
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn
index 29b1d22d..7ca43152 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Hurdish TCP/IP Stack"]]
+[[!meta title="Hurdish TCP/IP Stack"]]
 
 The Hurd presently uses a [[TCP/IP_stack|hurd/translator/pfinet]] based on code from an old Linux version.
 This works, but lacks some rather important features (like PPP/PPPoE), and the
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ individual layers later. The initial implementation, and the choice of a TCP/IP
 stack, should be done with this in mind -- it needs to be modular enough to
 make such a split later on feasible.
 
-This is [[GNU_Savannah_task 5469]].
+This is [[!GNU_Savannah_task 5469]].
 
 Possible mentors: ?
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn
index a3f474ff..fcf8d96b 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Fix tmpfs"]]
+[[!meta title="Fix tmpfs"]]
 
 In some situations it is desirable to have a file system that is not backed by
 actual disk storage, but only by anonymous memory, i.e. lives in the RAM (and
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn
index 21cf168f..3692678f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Allow Using unionfs Early at Boot"]]
+[[!meta title="Allow Using unionfs Early at Boot"]]
 
 In [[UNIX]] systems, traditionally most software is installed in a common directory
 hierachy, where files from various packages live beside each other, grouped by
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
index 89b53123..f8fbc283 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Union Mounts"]]
+[[!meta title="Union Mounts"]]
 
 When setting a translator on Hurd -- similar to mounting a file system on UNIX
 -- the new node(s) exported by the translator are obscuring the original node
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn
index 711d3b4c..79c3ab29 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Virtualization Using Hurd Mechanisms"]]
+[[!meta title="Virtualization Using Hurd Mechanisms"]]
 
 The main idea behind the Hurd design is to allow users to replace almost any
 system functionality ([[extensible_system|extensibility]]). Any user can easily
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn
index d1d75e10..8d6a15c3 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="VM Tuning"]]
+[[!meta title="VM Tuning"]]
 
 Hurd/[[microkernel/Mach]] presently make very bad use of the available physical memory in the
 system. Some of the problems are inherent to the system design (the kernel
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ implementation to other systems, implementing any worthwhile improvements, and
 general optimisation/tuning. It requires very good understanding of the Mach
 VM, and virtual memory in general.
 
-This project is related to [[GNU_Savannah_task 5489]].
+This project is related to [[!GNU_Savannah_task 5489]].
 
 Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn
index ab16dfbb..b5466091 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Implement xattr Support"]]
+[[!meta title="Implement xattr Support"]]
 
 Extended attributes (xattr) are a standardized, generic method for storing
 additional metadata along with a file (inode). Most modern UNIX filesystems
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Completing this project will require digging into some parts of the Hurd, but
 it should be quite doable without previous Hurd experience. Some experience
 with xattrs might help a bit, but shouldn't be really necessary either.
 
-Some previous work on xattr support is available in [[GNU_Savannah_patch
+Some previous work on xattr support is available in [[!GNU_Savannah_patch
 5126]], and might serve as a starting point.
 
 Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn
index e9c8a5b2..5fd2cbe4 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="xmlfs"]]
+[[!meta title="xmlfs"]]
 
 Hurd [[translators|hurd/translator]] allow presenting underlying data in a
 different format.  This is a very powerful ability: it allows using standard
diff --git a/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn b/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn
index 619843f0..e52387b6 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn
index 153b8bf6..c125ee96 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/meetings.mdwn b/community/meetings.mdwn
index 1b994e13..9a07e205 100644
--- a/community/meetings.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Meetings with Hurd developer attendance"]]
+[[!meta title="Meetings with Hurd developer attendance"]]
 
 # Upcoming
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn b/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn
index 069f6889..cc672f5e 100644
--- a/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="EuroSys 2009"]]
+[[!meta title="EuroSys 2009"]]
 
 <http://eurosys2009.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/>
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ EuroSys will take place on March 30th to April 3rd in Nuremberg, Germany.
 
 # Who and When
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
 "Name","Attending","Arrival","Return"
 "Neal Walfield","yes","Monday evening","Friday"
 "[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]","yes","Monday evening","Friday"
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
index c34319fb..e19ff41d 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="FOSDEM 2005"]]
+[[!meta title="FOSDEM 2005"]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2005>
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
index 8bf9967f..7f3cdcce 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="FOSDEM 2006"]]
+[[!meta title="FOSDEM 2006"]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2006>
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
index 55d346fd..e8c37441 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="FOSDEM 2007"]]
+[[!meta title="FOSDEM 2007"]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2007>
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Bruxelles.
 
 # Who And When
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
 "Name","Attending","Arrival","Return","Share room with us"
 "[[AlfredoBeaumont]]","no","n/a","n/a","n/a"
 "[[AndrewResch]]","no","n/a","n/a","n/a"
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Been there in 2006.  It was okay.
 
 [[SamuelThibault]] booked rooms at ~ 18.60€ there:
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
 "Night of...","Persons"
 "2007-02-22","<strike>7</strike>**6**"
 "2007-02-23","10"
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
index fb4a3ae9..5d641995 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="FOSDEM 2008"]]
+[[!meta title="FOSDEM 2008"]]
 
 <http://fosdem.org/2008>
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Bruxelles.
 
 # Who And When
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
 "Name","Attending","Arrival","Return","Share room with us"
 "[[Bas_Wijnen|baswijnen]] and girlfriend","yes","Friday","Monday","yes (two)"
 "Christian Dietrich","no","n/a","n/a","n/a"
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Bruxelles.
 
 (Large) evening counts:
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
       , Bas, Gianluca, Marcus, Michael, Neal, Olaf, Samuel, Soeren, Thomas, Total
 Thu 21,    , 1?      , *<strike>1</strike>*, , ,  , 1     ,       , *<strike>1</strike>*, *<strike>4</strike>* 2
 Fri 22, 2  , 1       , 1     , 1      , 1   , 1   , 1     , 1     , 1     ,10
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ gaah, Full!
 <!--
 [[SamuelThibault]] booked rooms at ~ 18.60&euro; there:
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
 "Night of...","Persons"
 "2007-02-22","<strike>7</strike>**6**"
 "2007-02-23","10"
diff --git a/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn b/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
index cb0ddd7e..ba0d8abf 100644
--- a/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="RMLL 2006"]]
+[[!meta title="RMLL 2006"]]
 
 The 7th Rencontres Mondiales du Logiciel Libre (also known as Libre Software
 Meeting) will be held on July 4th-8th 2006 in Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy.
diff --git a/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn b/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn
index 7a19960b..0c6f6c9f 100644
--- a/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Self-organised meeting"]]
+[[!meta title="Self-organised meeting"]]
 
 This meeting will be held in a to-be-determined place, at a to-be-determined time.  This page hopes to help finding a good time and place, and finding out who wants to come.
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
index 8559c662..737951ca 100644
--- a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/community/weblogs.mdwn b/community/weblogs.mdwn
index 016c483f..b3c38d00 100644
--- a/community/weblogs.mdwn
+++ b/community/weblogs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 Weblogs from Hurd programmers and enthusiasts. 
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="community/weblogs/*/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 actions=no
diff --git a/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn b/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn
index 8c7b377a..350d97b0 100644
--- a/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn
+++ b/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ See you in the Hurd!
 
 ----- My Blog -----
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="community/weblogs/ArneBab/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 actions=no
diff --git a/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn b/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn
index fef628bc..89dfb22e 100644
--- a/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn
+++ b/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/config_edittemplate.mdwn b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
index 24641bb5..d8b17602 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
 This page exists purely for configuring the [[iki plugins/edittemplate]]
 plugin.
 
-[[edittemplate template="config_edittemplate/regular_page" match="*"]]
+[[!edittemplate template="config_edittemplate/regular_page" match="*"]]
diff --git a/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn b/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
index 33aebd4d..a43067b3 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/confused_deputy.mdwn b/confused_deputy.mdwn
index 16b3bebf..d7767d17 100644
--- a/confused_deputy.mdwn
+++ b/confused_deputy.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/contact_us.mdwn b/contact_us.mdwn
index 84371666..4c5f9c5d 100644
--- a/contact_us.mdwn
+++ b/contact_us.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index 85aa51ba..8c02a0fe 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
index 3320b80a..229e5c5e 100644
--- a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
index 53eba725..9d5f0705 100644
--- a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/designation.mdwn b/designation.mdwn
index 4307ec5b..e6074322 100644
--- a/designation.mdwn
+++ b/designation.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index 1cda81a6..f6a2596b 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn
index 4e4b4b23..2c13792c 100644
--- a/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/donate.mdwn b/donate.mdwn
index 954b4ee4..f936007c 100644
--- a/donate.mdwn
+++ b/donate.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/emulation.mdwn b/emulation.mdwn
index 856e0f92..93ce5e37 100644
--- a/emulation.mdwn
+++ b/emulation.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index 4ef70986..7fddd8b3 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/fdl.texi b/fdl.texi
index a6845f40..26bc2d64 100644
--- a/fdl.texi
+++ b/fdl.texi
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA"]]
-[[meta license="Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of
-this license document, but changing it is not allowed."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
+USA"]]
+
+[[!meta license="Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
+copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed."]]
 
 @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
 @center Version 1.2, November 2002
diff --git a/gcc.mdwn b/gcc.mdwn
index 93256f1b..32892968 100644
--- a/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/gdb.mdwn b/gdb.mdwn
index 83113f9e..94f156b3 100644
--- a/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
index 9716a211..07a66178 100644
--- a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
+++ b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/getting_help.mdwn b/getting_help.mdwn
index 11f56eec..918877fe 100644
--- a/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # Forums
 
-[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
+[[!inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
 
   * [[Mailing_lists]]
   * [[IRC]]
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index f6325ff8..f3b9460b 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 4bf28827..91c64495 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 
 ---
 
-[[toc ]]
+[[!toc]]
 
 # Introduction
 
diff --git a/hurd/advantages.mdwn b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
index ff8c5560..b3742530 100644
--- a/hurd/advantages.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index 14144d8e..0780e54d 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/binutils.mdwn b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
index 97c93602..a46eef6b 100644
--- a/hurd/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 80239860..c2861c3b 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
index f75e9e3e..2c326d21 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/building/example.mdwn b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
index afa18d8a..57ddb313 100644
--- a/hurd/building/example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index e416f1e6..10739b80 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index 6599eb06..f4bff270 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="A Critique of the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating System"]]
+[[!meta title="A Critique of the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating System"]]
 
 Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann wrote a paper titled [*A Critique of
 the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index e4a98672..f71ff69a 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index 98c31435..f6fb9af5 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index 62179f7d..bd732ca1 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
index 912f656c..064b7ab8 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index 68edca2f..664e8601 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
index 8e8dd6fb..b3b9e95a 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="hurd/debugging/translator/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
index e95d6e12..14c46d29 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
index bee41010..ad9d87b0 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index be0874e7..ce8ae2e7 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/auth.html b/hurd/documentation/auth.html
index 487fc1fe..27f9ca2c 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation/auth.html
+++ b/hurd/documentation/auth.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
-[[meta title="The Authentication Server, the transcript of a talk about the
+[[!meta title="The Authentication Server, the transcript of a talk about the
 details of the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang Jährling"]]
 
 <H3><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H3>
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
index 8eccd62c..1fc75f75 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
-[[meta title="The Hurd and Linux"]]
+[[!meta title="The Hurd and Linux"]]
 
 by <A HREF="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</A>.
 
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
index 15d2daec..86375d46 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
-[[meta title="Towards a New Strategy of OS Design, an architectural overview by
-Thomas Bushnell, BSG."]]
+[[!meta title="Towards a New Strategy of OS Design, an architectural overview
+by Thomas Bushnell, BSG."]]
 
 
 This article explains why FSF is developing a new operating system named the
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
index d608e12a..29518dd6 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001 Marcus Brinkmann"]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001 Marcus Brinkmann"]]
 
-[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
-[[meta title="The Hurd, a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann"]]
+[[!meta title="The Hurd, a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann"]]
 
 
 <H4><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H4>
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/translators.html b/hurd/documentation/translators.html
index 4e47a9c0..8ae2c180 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation/translators.html
+++ b/hurd/documentation/translators.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
-[[meta title="Translators"]]
+[[!meta title="Translators"]]
 
 By Marcus Brinkmann.
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index 0227f1c1..7b2023cc 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="GNU Hurd FAQ"]]
+[[!meta title="GNU Hurd FAQ"]]
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="hurd/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt b/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
index de76889e..4c7bb8e3 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
+++ b/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/faq/release.mdwn b/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
index c93ba353..a1a4c10a 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="When will the Hurd be released?"]]
+[[!meta title="When will the Hurd be released?"]]
 
 Next year.
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
index 6fa6c58d..f769b0b9 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?"]]
+[[!meta title="Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?"]]
 
 The distinction between `/` and `/usr` has historical reasons.  Back when [[Unix]]
 systems were booted from two tapes, a small root tape and a big user tape.
diff --git a/hurd/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
index 3700b8b8..2aba090f 100644
--- a/hurd/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
index de85c03d..4a9fd0af 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
index 7333ec0d..740eb260 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Hurd-specific glibc API"]]
+[[!meta title="Hurd-specific glibc API"]]
 
 These functions have meaning only under Hurd.  They are needed to get port
 names that are used in native Hurd API (the RPC calls to servers).  The `.defs`
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index 58a75927..fbdb1bf5 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free
 Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index d4daeefa..e7524503 100644
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
+[[!meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
 
 There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
 [[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]].
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index 6ee5b2f2..b5dae04e 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/io_path.mdwn b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
index 34ed302a..c4e104df 100644
--- a/hurd/io_path.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
index d3dff162..ab126cf6 100644
--- a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
index 9b4640e7..6c10ec08 100644
--- a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
index 404ae3f0..589b4abd 100644
--- a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index 91beddfc..d3803d89 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 6b81691b..577f9d0c 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index fcfe22dd..7b66ed9b 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ converted these four boxes from the [original METAFONT
 sources](http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd.mf) to
 [[hand-written_SVG_code|boxes-redrawn.svg]].
 
-[[img boxes-redrawn.png]]
+[[!img boxes-redrawn.png]]
 
 
 This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this web site.
 
-[[img /favicon.ico]]
+[[!img /favicon.ico]]
diff --git a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
index 3298e07a..a055ab70 100644
--- a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/networking.mdwn b/hurd/networking.mdwn
index 6ed031ed..9e1fbfa9 100644
--- a/hurd/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/networking.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
index 4737f441..59c49002 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn b/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
index 25f03372..a7133ce9 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
index e0f4bf60..16c99115 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
index d3401cbf..cc70fa83 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+[[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for the GNU Hurd.
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="(hurd/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_hurd)) and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
index 9a053e33..d85b87fc 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
 Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
index 958502e1..453f846b 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
 Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
index c302251f..424afe17 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
index e9d5c6d2..b31f183d 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
index df4b7bbc..006399d4 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
index 7717cef8..78b641ca 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
index d9aab4d1..77823128 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
 Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
index d9db996c..18161a97 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/porting.mdwn b/hurd/porting.mdwn
index d1900f0b..fa0c55c8 100644
--- a/hurd/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index f9fac668..59abb091 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
index 83a54654..6e70f1f8 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn b/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
index 5b5bff2d..4229e7fd 100644
--- a/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 162bc9ea..9293bd9c 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index f80c1cfc..82d84bbe 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
+[[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
 
 - Debian [[FAQ]] -- Frequently Asked Questions
 - [[After_install]] -- Do this to get networking, new console and X
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
index b8dc3cac..249bfd86 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
index 4cdcaea9..15ca9c83 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/after_install.mdwn
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ mode?
 
 Time to get to work.
 
-[[toc ]]
+[[!toc]]
 
 
 ### Get Networking Running
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
index 977f2b1d..d7ad3ee6 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 227ade02..4e61e353 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
+[[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
 See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="hurd/running/debian/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
index aed47445..e803fefb 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="2 GiB Partition Limit"]]
+[[!meta title="2 GiB Partition Limit"]]
 
 The 2 GiB limit has been removed in Debian GNU/Hurd.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
index 462ba73d..1c023941 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="512 MiB RAM Limit"]]
+[[!meta title="512 MiB RAM Limit"]]
 
 GNU Mach does not cope well with lots of memory.  Newer versions of the Debian
 `gnumach` package will limit themselves to around 1 GiB of memory.  If you have
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
index 4a3b2dd2..b48452b9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="apt: unmount cdroms"]]
+[[!meta title="apt: unmount cdroms"]]
 
 You can add a shell script umount so that apt can automatically unmount cdroms.
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
index eedb461d..4d79bad5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
index 375f042e..30348844 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
index e87513c4..e72ead91 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
index eee7d0be..d39a815d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="/dev/random"]]
+[[!meta title="/dev/random"]]
 
 There is no random device by default as no secure implementation has been
 finished yet.  An easy (but very insecure) work-around is to copy a binary file
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
index be0df444..5b2256f4 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
index c5c28d2d..155a48c8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
index 3d5a6035..ba7918b5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
index 0962f3aa..e3a68be2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
index d824f779..38407d07 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
index d2ffefeb..46c970b9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
index 5abac5ce..631f170c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
index 929c08f0..139ddd7f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
index e98b5e03..8305cd79 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
index 5cf0ec11..bb80a815 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index 0a1bfb3f..b2c938f0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index fe48fe65..546f325f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Debian packages that need porting"]]
+[[!meta title="Debian packages that need porting"]]
 
 Approximately half of the Debian archive has been compiled successfully on the
 Hurd, however, many programs fail to build for various reasons.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ guidelines.
 
 There is also further information available about [[hurd/porting]].
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="(hurd/running/debian/porting/* or tagged(open_issue_porting)) and
 !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !*/discussion"
 show=0
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
index 3d243dd9..b4413526 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 4d783658..9f20193f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
index d8a6f971..41566aa8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[tag fixed_in_debian]]
+[[!tag fixed_in_debian]]
 
 Modify the [[building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
 building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
index 2345828b..87d2061f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
index b4f095c8..f5929548 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
index 568ad966..f7dc450b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
index b5fdd14d..b2d3af69 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
index 4424fe82..66564c25 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
index 395dd14d..0605f48e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
index 99c435e3..6d3b572a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
index 42379f45..f133ea1d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
index 6ff32630..180b5320 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 5a160409..89fe0e52 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index d5f27311..b40a43ce 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ The Hurd [[`fatfs`_translator|translator/fatfs]] currently is read-only, but
 for testing executables (etc.) that is enough.  And it is much easier than
 loop-mounting the file systems images.  (Also you don't need `root' rights.)
 
-However, note that there is a bug in [[translator/fatfs]]: [[GNU_Savannah_bug
+However, note that there is a bug in [[translator/fatfs]]: [[!GNU_Savannah_bug
 25961]].
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
index 736adf62..605d43e8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
index 8014e303..f896aa2e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
index c0bd99e2..77485569 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
index 0f15939e..d0930bf0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
index 65179cec..b61efc84 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/settrans.mdwn b/hurd/settrans.mdwn
index e4383961..008c73c5 100644
--- a/hurd/settrans.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/settrans.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index b4ece046..84d16d3b 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index d2b80cf9..6cb260d9 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
index 5d9693cd..4b98f8a2 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Running a Subhurd"]]
+[[!meta title="Running a Subhurd"]]
 
 By Roland McGrath.
 
diff --git a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
index e94029ba..bc7048be 100644
--- a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 0cfcc5fa..e1597483 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn b/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
index 73e7e025..de47016e 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
index 0dd682bf..f4223b93 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
index 7a00519c..1f8fcf53 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
index 04b58f33..a54ff634 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
index b9f145e3..5fccfd37 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
index cfa8c997..e226cea2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
index fd537896..733778b2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The current `fatfs` translator is read-only, and it has a severe bug:
-[[GNU_Savannah_bug 25961]].
+[[!GNU_Savannah_bug 25961]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
index f6d0494b..4d4b02b1 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
index be959d0b..e1c27bf0 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
index a8da45d7..9cafcf69 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
index 08a29280..ce5e6b94 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 37fabcb7..b2601135 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
index c1d4ac2b..84074050 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index eb07a8f6..2284d8f9 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
index 5228c702..bed9045c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
index 99790a36..1f1a3dcc 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
index 99790a36..1f1a3dcc 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
index f0030d61..a0d6a513 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
index 49d70e1b..d3ad7c4c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
index 022e3d5e..31a73b13 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=unionfs#stowfs]]
+[[!meta redir=unionfs#stowfs]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index bb9ef269..49f02ae8 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ It is based on [[libdiskfs]].
 
 It's not working correctly at the moment.
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="hurd/translator/tmpfs/*"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
index 2392bd61..81d2f362 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index 90636b61..72fa0765 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 7eee5245..28c9ff22 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn b/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
index 6a4d591a..fa0f47cd 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
index 170812ad..2b75d63a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
index cff15f59..aa709839 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index 2902a26e..738010cc 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
index dfd6c375..3c6f19ea 100644
--- a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
index b125fc48..8a64d093 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free
 Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]]
+[[!meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]]
 
 The Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the [[Unix]] kernel.
 
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
index 4a2ddc67..cb9beaa9 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]]
+[[!meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]]
 
 > [[It's_time_to_explain|origin_of_the_name]] the meaning of *Hurd*.
 > 
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
index 3527703a..5e175592 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Origin of the Name"]]
+[[!meta title="Origin of the Name"]]
 
 [According to Thomas
 Bushnell](http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/hurd/hurd-name), the primary
diff --git a/ibac.mdwn b/ibac.mdwn
index 5247c297..b8d2606c 100644
--- a/ibac.mdwn
+++ b/ibac.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/idl.mdwn b/idl.mdwn
index 60e3fea6..2fa6f081 100644
--- a/idl.mdwn
+++ b/idl.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/ikiwiki.setup b/ikiwiki.setup
index ee547d5a..872249c6 100644
--- a/ikiwiki.setup
+++ b/ikiwiki.setup
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ IkiWiki::Setup::Standard->import({
 	# create output files named page/index.html?
 	usedirs => 1,
 	# use '!'-prefixed preprocessor directives?
-	prefix_directives => 0,
+	prefix_directives => 1,
 	# use page/index.mdwn source files
 	indexpages => 0,
 	# enable Discussion pages?
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 3e35c368..5481effe 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ kernels (such as Linux).  *[[More_detailed.|hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd]]*
 
 ---
 
-[[toc ]]
+[[!toc]]
 
 
 ## News
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
 feedonly=yes
 feedshow=10
 sort=title
 reverse=yes]]
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
 show=5
 feeds=no
diff --git a/index/discussion.mdwn b/index/discussion.mdwn
index d8d47ebe..2dc542c5 100644
--- a/index/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/index/discussion.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index 7c0e16b2..108bb395 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/irc.mdwn b/irc.mdwn
index 1eecb483..a53113f7 100644
--- a/irc.mdwn
+++ b/irc.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="IRC"]]
+[[!meta title="IRC"]]
 
 While all official development takes place on the mailing lists and the Savannah trackers, 
 a lot of discussions are had on IRC as well. Everybody is welcome to join and follow these channels, but please 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ respect the below guidelines if you want to participate.
 
 # Asking Questions
  
-[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
+[[!inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
 
 # Staying On-Topic
 
diff --git a/isolation.mdwn b/isolation.mdwn
index f43ae3d6..de3df43e 100644
--- a/isolation.mdwn
+++ b/isolation.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/license.mdwn b/license.mdwn
index c70c1948..8fa57c98 100644
--- a/license.mdwn
+++ b/license.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable id="license"
+[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license"
 text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later
 version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
diff --git a/liedtke.mdwn b/liedtke.mdwn
index ca55eaf3..bf8c5dc0 100644
--- a/liedtke.mdwn
+++ b/liedtke.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/mailing_lists.mdwn b/mailing_lists.mdwn
index 02a0ddd9..58f0017e 100644
--- a/mailing_lists.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # On Posting
 
-[[inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
+[[!inline pages=asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]]
 
 List etiquette is to cc the sender and anyone **actively** involved in the
 discussion. Some people don't like this and they set their reply-to header
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ It is rarely appropriate to cc multiple lists.  Sometimes it is.  In that case,
 do so.  If in doubt, don't; just choose the single most appropriate list.
 
 When replying to others, please don't top-post and trim the existing text to
-quote only the sections you're actually replying to.  See [[wikipedia
-Posting_style]] for further reading, especially [[wikipedia
+quote only the sections you're actually replying to.  See [[!wikipedia
+Posting_style]] for further reading, especially [[!wikipedia
 Posting_style#Inline_replying]].
 
 Also see these general notes about [[community/communication]].
diff --git a/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
index 11d4dfd1..66f49925 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#bug-hurd]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#bug-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
index 4df9e593..1cef9017 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#debian-hurd]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#debian-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn b/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
index 30f22eab..4d4ed429 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#gnu-system-discuss]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#gnu-system-discuss]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
index ee7bc5e1..65eb8191 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#help-hurd]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#help-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
index bb2b2fb3..4c8135fa 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel-readers]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel-readers]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
index 63299691..c0805b53 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
index 1c326586..8c2527f0 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#l4-hurd]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#l4-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
index 14a407b1..afd2fe21 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
index 7a1abeb2..2e09244f 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta redir=mailing_lists#web-hurd]]
+[[!meta redir=mailing_lists#web-hurd]]
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index c0a6b02c..222fcd14 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index fb39458f..4a067ba1 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/faq.mdwn b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
index b8a2c28f..4fb75103 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Microkernel FAQ"]]
+[[!meta title="Microkernel FAQ"]]
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="microkernel/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
index 68ed332c..e42c4887 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="What is a Multiserver Microkernel?"]]
+[[!meta title="What is a Multiserver Microkernel?"]]
 
 A Microkernel has nothing to do with the size of the kernel.  Rather, it refers
 to the functionality that the kernel provides.  It is generally agreed that
diff --git a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
index aed436e8..a901e827 100644
--- a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/fud.mdwn b/microkernel/fud.mdwn
index 68794e69..eef829e0 100644
--- a/microkernel/fud.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/fud.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002 Wolfgang Jährling and Jeroen Dekkers"]]
-[[meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002 Wolfgang Jährling and Jeroen Dekkers"]]
+
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
 permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
 
 # The Microkernel Experiment is Going On
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index b4187f78..f2a39f1c 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index 608b6581..40bd3d4a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 19e1ea53..abd53116 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
index a08384f0..bd3eb115 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
index 6da05c5b..25c8e1cc 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
index fa2a9d42..0867cbce 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
index d6e38ac9..ae3d0ee1 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ IEEE 1394 is not supported at this time
 # Storage
 
 All common IDE drives should work.  Some drive geometries do not work,
-e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space, see [[GNU_Savannah_bug
+e.g. drives with hundreds of GiB of storage space, see [[!GNU_Savannah_bug
 26425]].
 
-[[toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
+[[!toggle id="SATA" text="SATA drives may work in compatibility mode."]]
 <!-- Sure?  --[[tschwinge]] -->
 
-[[toggleable id="SATA" text="""
+[[!toggleable id="SATA" text="""
 This is how booting a [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd]] will typically fail if GNU Mach
 couldn't connect to the hard disk, e.g., in a SATA system without IDE
 compatibility mode:
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
index aab854c2..4323ac4b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+[[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="(microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/*  or tagged(open_issue_*mach))
 and !*/discussion"
 show=0
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
index e949fa96..07c71568 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index 00cdee8c..b25fbe60 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
index b9e2fac7..7391ea2e 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[toc ]]
+[[!toc]]
 
 ## Xen dom0, hypervisor
 
@@ -79,4 +79,4 @@ The current `hurd-modules` was built from the debian packages `hurd 20070606-2`
 
 [[Internals]].
 
-[[GNU_Savannah_task 5468]], [[GNU_Savannah_task 6584]].
+[[!GNU_Savannah_task 5468]], [[!GNU_Savannah_task 6584]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
index 09e707ea..8e46472d 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
index 71a72bac..f3b0d205 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[toc ]]
+[[!toc]]
 
 The Xen dom0 infrastructure provides for a bridged networking setup using shell
 scripts to configure the bridging device properly and attach the domUs' virtual
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Comment out everything referencing your physical devices.  Add this:
     	[...]
 
 This needs a version of the `bridge-utils` package more recent than the current
-Debian stable one ([[debbug 405215]]).  (It's trivial to rebuild the `dpkg` of,
+Debian stable one ([[!debbug 405215]]).  (It's trivial to rebuild the `dpkg` of,
 e.g., the Debian testing one on Debian stable.)
 
 # */etc/xen/xend-config.sxp*
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index 9ace6270..8ef71e30 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
index 875bb8cd..0038f00e 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-  Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -39,80 +39,80 @@ So, additionally to the list given below, there may actually be a bunch of
 further files (also exported ones) that serve no real value, but are being
 `#include`d through one way or another.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_expr.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_expr.h]]
 
     Currently used, but copyright violation?  Rewrite?
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_print.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/db_print.h]]
 
     Copyright violation?  Currently unused, but could be used in principle (or
     be rewritten, to avoid the copyright oddity).
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/tr.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch ddb/tr.h]]
 
     Copyright violation.  Unused.  Remove.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch device/dev_master.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch device/dev_master.h]]
 
     Might be usable for SMP?  Remove otherwise.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/kttd_machdep.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/kttd_machdep.h]]
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/sched_param.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch i386/i386/sched_param.h]]
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/cthreads.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/cthreads.h]]
 
     Was probably once exported, but is no longer.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/ioccom.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch i386/include/mach/i386/ioccom.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/audio_status.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/audio_status.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/tape_status.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/device/tape_status.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/alert.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/alert.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/boot.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/boot.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/macro_help.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/macro_help.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/multiboot.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/multiboot.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profil.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profil.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profilparam.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/profilparam.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/exec/a.out.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach/exec/a.out.h]]
 
     Exported.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach_debug/pc_info.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch include/mach_debug/pc_info.h]]
 
     Currently not exported, but was probably once meant to be.
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/act.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch kern/act.h]]
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/refcount.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch kern/refcount.h]]
 
-* [[source_gnumach-1-branch kern/shuttle.h]]
+* [[!source_gnumach-1-branch kern/shuttle.h]]
 
 
 # Remove dead functions, variables, etc. from source files
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
index 9a11a82b..43e65a2b 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
index 225ab176..dab6423d 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
index 889fac2f..010b51c9 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
index 7c1f68e4..ea5cf5fe 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
index eb1c0906..2bf81d59 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
index 93bc2769..be0796e8 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn
index 008499f1..42f06613 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn
index 5ede723b..00edf0f3 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
index 4f5fb5c8..b2a41bac 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
index 37d27f19..ad440b40 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+[[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="(microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_*mig))
 and !*/discussion"
 show=0
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
index 93347759..27de1015 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
index 77b1372f..b3568c29 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
index ecef86ee..5508ea3c 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn
index b4158843..95009142 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn
index d70ea47d..b34188e2 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn
index 1fe4c937..ccce208b 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn
index 1b4ce514..e5a2ddf5 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn
index c61f42bd..cbe39607 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[tag open_issue_viengoos]]
+[[!tag open_issue_viengoos]]
 
 Some projects:
 
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn
index 53b988c5..01dd4050 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/naming_context.mdwn b/naming_context.mdwn
index 9c701e71..28b2fabd 100644
--- a/naming_context.mdwn
+++ b/naming_context.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news.mdwn b/news.mdwn
index 8e5d73da..c5c0a851 100644
--- a/news.mdwn
+++ b/news.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
diff --git a/news/2002-01-13.mdwn b/news/2002-01-13.mdwn
index ed56563d..06b62334 100644
--- a/news/2002-01-13.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-01-13.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-01-19.mdwn b/news/2002-01-19.mdwn
index d221453d..18fe6aab 100644
--- a/news/2002-01-19.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-01-19.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-02-18.mdwn b/news/2002-02-18.mdwn
index 74c0191d..b34c654a 100644
--- a/news/2002-02-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-02-18.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-03-03.mdwn b/news/2002-03-03.mdwn
index db730238..9a66a2f5 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-03.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-03.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-03-08.mdwn b/news/2002-03-08.mdwn
index 64fa508a..c107dcfc 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-08.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-08.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
index 9820b8c5..1936ca05 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-05-05.mdwn b/news/2002-05-05.mdwn
index 81d36280..d5db172b 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-05.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-05.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-05-18.mdwn b/news/2002-05-18.mdwn
index b88db508..e2cb9261 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-18.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-05-24.mdwn b/news/2002-05-24.mdwn
index cabc3e0d..32469759 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-24.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-24.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-05-28.mdwn b/news/2002-05-28.mdwn
index 60622205..330e8dc0 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-28.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-28.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-06-22.mdwn b/news/2002-06-22.mdwn
index 6ac785a6..439d7ea6 100644
--- a/news/2002-06-22.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-06-22.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-08-16.mdwn b/news/2002-08-16.mdwn
index 6f6dcb2e..69f42be4 100644
--- a/news/2002-08-16.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-08-16.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
index 40f4e1b6..28ab527a 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn b/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn
index 58b44789..0dabd3b6 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-10-19.mdwn b/news/2002-10-19.mdwn
index e856370a..fb3e75b2 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-19.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-19.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2002-11-18.mdwn b/news/2002-11-18.mdwn
index 44e33200..fec60a89 100644
--- a/news/2002-11-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-11-18.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2003-01-18.mdwn b/news/2003-01-18.mdwn
index 0719f435..1d89bc68 100644
--- a/news/2003-01-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-01-18.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2003-02-14.mdwn b/news/2003-02-14.mdwn
index 2509a771..89473575 100644
--- a/news/2003-02-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-02-14.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2003-07-02.mdwn b/news/2003-07-02.mdwn
index 6e76cc66..b5433eee 100644
--- a/news/2003-07-02.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-07-02.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2003-07-16.mdwn b/news/2003-07-16.mdwn
index e4ec468b..af8c8b74 100644
--- a/news/2003-07-16.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-07-16.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2003-08-21.mdwn b/news/2003-08-21.mdwn
index 8d060582..602ee2ef 100644
--- a/news/2003-08-21.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-08-21.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2005-01-28.mdwn b/news/2005-01-28.mdwn
index 5bd2ac19..92056b38 100644
--- a/news/2005-01-28.mdwn
+++ b/news/2005-01-28.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2005-09-20.mdwn b/news/2005-09-20.mdwn
index 99a20940..16424a8c 100644
--- a/news/2005-09-20.mdwn
+++ b/news/2005-09-20.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
index dc52c527..d50fd272 100644
--- a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
+++ b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
index 75eb7d01..b82ec6e0 100644
--- a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2007-01-14.mdwn b/news/2007-01-14.mdwn
index 8dc3d9f5..16947757 100644
--- a/news/2007-01-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-01-14.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
index 3b1b2ad3..ec3ebcda 100644
--- a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2007-10-01.mdwn b/news/2007-10-01.mdwn
index 768cf42b..a95b2631 100644
--- a/news/2007-10-01.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-10-01.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2007-10-12.mdwn b/news/2007-10-12.mdwn
index d262dcd8..8d46a07f 100644
--- a/news/2007-10-12.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-10-12.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2008-02-11.mdwn b/news/2008-02-11.mdwn
index a8f00497..7b4346b8 100644
--- a/news/2008-02-11.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-02-11.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2008-03-19.mdwn b/news/2008-03-19.mdwn
index fc0388e0..0a2c91e2 100644
--- a/news/2008-03-19.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-03-19.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2008-09-11.mdwn b/news/2008-09-11.mdwn
index 1060761c..85f31317 100644
--- a/news/2008-09-11.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-09-11.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2008-11-14.mdwn b/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
index 1e2c8802..9cdbdea0 100644
--- a/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2008-12-12.mdwn b/news/2008-12-12.mdwn
index 1850cb56..c55b991e 100644
--- a/news/2008-12-12.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-12-12.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/news/2009-03-28.mdwn b/news/2009-03-28.mdwn
index 2f67b6ce..72741457 100644
--- a/news/2009-03-28.mdwn
+++ b/news/2009-03-28.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/open_issues.mdwn b/open_issues.mdwn
index 8aa07c1c..c372abfb 100644
--- a/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Open Issues"]]
+[[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
 This is a dumping ground for open issues.
 
-[[inline
+[[!inline
 pages=none
 show=-1
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
 
-[[map pages="(./open_issues/* or */open_issues/* or
+[[!map pages="(./open_issues/* or */open_issues/* or
 hurd/running/debian/porting/* or tagged(open_issue*)) and !*/discussion"
 show=title]]
diff --git a/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn b/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn
index 6a4c0378..81e07f3e 100644
--- a/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="BLKRRPART IOCTL"]]
+[[!meta title="BLKRRPART IOCTL"]]
 
-[[tag open_issue_glibc open_issue_hurd open_issue_gnumach]]
+[[!tag open_issue_glibc open_issue_hurd open_issue_gnumach]]
 
 Just like in other Unix systems one can, for example, use `fdisk` or `parted`
 to manage hard disks' partition tables.  After doing changes to a disk's
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index 17176708..16234c9b 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/policy.mdwn b/policy.mdwn
index f0a414f2..7412de5f 100644
--- a/policy.mdwn
+++ b/policy.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/principal.mdwn b/principal.mdwn
index 897c0436..47ec3c7f 100644
--- a/principal.mdwn
+++ b/principal.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn b/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn
index b4ea6169..f504225b 100644
--- a/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn
+++ b/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 Here are some Hurd boxes that users have made available to the public:
 
-[[table class="table_style_1" data="""
+[[!table class="table_style_1" data="""
 "Host Name","Operator","Access","Distro","Machine Specs","Comments"
 "flubber.bddebian.com","[[Barry_de_Freese|bddebian]]","ssh; port 2250","Debian","Celeron; 2.2 GHz; 333 MiB","domU on zenhost"
 "clubber.bddebian.com","[[Barry_de_Freese|bddebian]]","ssh; port 2251","Debian","PIII 1 GHz; 384 MiB"
diff --git a/qemu.mdwn b/qemu.mdwn
index 97ce5693..c0ed12f0 100644
--- a/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/qemu.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/recent_changes.mdwn b/recent_changes.mdwn
index 708e4588..e9bd13c4 100644
--- a/recent_changes.mdwn
+++ b/recent_changes.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Recent Changes"]]
+[[!meta title="Recent Changes"]]
 
-[[inline pages="internal(recent_changes/change_*)" template=recentchanges
+[[!inline pages="internal(recent_changes/change_*)" template=recentchanges
 show=0]]
diff --git a/rpc.mdwn b/rpc.mdwn
index e60254d1..451dd4d4 100644
--- a/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/rpc.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/rules.mdwn b/rules.mdwn
index d1a544e0..ccc7363e 100644
--- a/rules.mdwn
+++ b/rules.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
index ab84e75d..7de688be 100644
--- a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
+++ b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/rules/source_repositories.mdwn b/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
index 2c54e7cf..f15d0f3a 100644
--- a/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/security.mdwn b/security.mdwn
index ae925f74..4c037982 100644
--- a/security.mdwn
+++ b/security.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/sfi.mdwn b/sfi.mdwn
index 1a987290..67d26105 100644
--- a/sfi.mdwn
+++ b/sfi.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/shortcuts.mdwn b/shortcuts.mdwn
index 19368aab..47698bb2 100644
--- a/shortcuts.mdwn
+++ b/shortcuts.mdwn
@@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
-[[if test="enabled(shortcut)"
+[[!if test="enabled(shortcut)"
      then="This wiki has shortcuts **enabled**."
      else="This wiki has shortcuts **disabled**."]]
 
 Some examples of using shortcuts include:
 
-	\[[google foo]]
-	\[[wikipedia War_of_1812]]
-	\[[debbug 12345]]
+	\[[!google foo]]
+	\[[!wikipedia War_of_1812]]
+	\[[!debbug 12345]]
 
 This page controls what shortcut links the wiki supports.
 
-* [[shortcut name=google url="http://www.google.com/search?q=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=archive url="http://web.archive.org/*/%S"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gmap url="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gmsg url="http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=wikipedia url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=wikitravel url="http://wikitravel.org/en/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=debbug url="http://bugs.debian.org/%s" desc="bug #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=deblist url="http://lists.debian.org/debian-%s" desc="debian-%s@lists.debian.org"]]
-* [[shortcut name=debpkg url="http://packages.debian.org/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=debpts url="http://packages.qa.debian.org/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=debmsg url="http://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=debrt url="https://rt.debian.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=debss url="http://snapshot.debian.net/package/%s"]]
-  * Usage: `\[[debss package]]`, `\[[debss package#version]]`, or `\[[debss package/version]]`.  See http://snapshot.debian.net for details.
-* [[shortcut name=fdobug url="https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="freedesktop.org bug #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=fdolist url="http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/%s" desc="%s@lists.freedesktop.org"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gnomebug url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="GNOME bug #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=linuxbug url="http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="Linux bug #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=mozbug url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="Mozilla bug #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gnulist url="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/%s" desc="%s@gnu.org"]]
-* [[shortcut name=marcmsg url="http://marc.info/?i=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=marclist url="http://marc.info/?l=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gmane url="http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.%s" desc="gmane.%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gmanemsg url="http://mid.gmane.org/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=cpan url="http://search.cpan.org/search?mode=dist&query=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=ctan url="http://tug.ctan.org/cgi-bin/ctanPackageInformation.py?id=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=hoogle url="http://haskell.org/hoogle/?q=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=iki url="http://ikiwiki.info/%S/"]]
-* [[shortcut name=ljuser url="http://%s.livejournal.com/"]]
-* [[shortcut name=rfc url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc%s.txt" desc="RFC %s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=c2 url="http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=meatballwiki url="http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=emacswiki url="http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=haskellwiki url="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=dict url="http://www.dict.org/bin/Dict?Form=Dict1&Strategy=*&Database=*&Query=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=imdb url="http://imdb.com/find?q=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=gpg url="http://pgpkeys.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=vindex&exact=on&search=0x%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=perldoc url="http://perldoc.perl.org/search.html?q=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=whois url="http://reports.internic.net/cgi/whois?whois_nic=%s&type=domain"]]
-* [[shortcut name=cve url="http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=cia url="http://cia.vc/stats/project/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=ciauser url="http://cia.vc/stats/user/%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=flickr url="http://www.flickr.com/photos/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=google url="http://www.google.com/search?q=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=archive url="http://web.archive.org/*/%S"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gmap url="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gmsg url="http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=wikipedia url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=wikitravel url="http://wikitravel.org/en/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=debbug url="http://bugs.debian.org/%s" desc="bug #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=deblist url="http://lists.debian.org/debian-%s" desc="debian-%s@lists.debian.org"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=debpkg url="http://packages.debian.org/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=debpts url="http://packages.qa.debian.org/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=debmsg url="http://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=debrt url="https://rt.debian.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=debss url="http://snapshot.debian.net/package/%s"]]
+  * Usage: `\[[!debss package]]`, `\[[!debss package#version]]`, or `\[[!debss package/version]]`.  See http://snapshot.debian.net for details.
+* [[!shortcut name=fdobug url="https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="freedesktop.org bug #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=fdolist url="http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/%s" desc="%s@lists.freedesktop.org"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gnomebug url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="GNOME bug #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=linuxbug url="http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="Linux bug #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=mozbug url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=%s" desc="Mozilla bug #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gnulist url="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/%s" desc="%s@gnu.org"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=marcmsg url="http://marc.info/?i=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=marclist url="http://marc.info/?l=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gmane url="http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.%s" desc="gmane.%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gmanemsg url="http://mid.gmane.org/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=cpan url="http://search.cpan.org/search?mode=dist&query=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=ctan url="http://tug.ctan.org/cgi-bin/ctanPackageInformation.py?id=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=hoogle url="http://haskell.org/hoogle/?q=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=iki url="http://ikiwiki.info/%S/"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=ljuser url="http://%s.livejournal.com/"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=rfc url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc%s.txt" desc="RFC %s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=c2 url="http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=meatballwiki url="http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=emacswiki url="http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=haskellwiki url="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=dict url="http://www.dict.org/bin/Dict?Form=Dict1&Strategy=*&Database=*&Query=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=imdb url="http://imdb.com/find?q=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=gpg url="http://pgpkeys.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=vindex&exact=on&search=0x%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=perldoc url="http://perldoc.perl.org/search.html?q=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=whois url="http://reports.internic.net/cgi/whois?whois_nic=%s&type=domain"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=cve url="http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=cia url="http://cia.vc/stats/project/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=ciauser url="http://cia.vc/stats/user/%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=flickr url="http://www.flickr.com/photos/%s"]]
 
 To add a new shortcut, use the `shortcut`
 [[ikiwiki/PreprocessorDirective]]. In the url, "%s" is replaced with the
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ Remember that the `name` you give the shortcut will become a new
 with an existing directive.
 
 If you come up with a shortcut that you think others might find useful,
-consider contributing it to the [[iki shortcuts]] page on the ikiwiki
+consider contributing it to the [[!iki shortcuts]] page on the ikiwiki
 ikiwiki, so that future versions of ikiwiki will include your shortcut
 in the standard underlay.
 
 
 # Local stuff
 
-* [[shortcut name=source_gnumach-1-branch url="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/gnumach/%S?view=log&root=hurd&pathrev=gnumach-1-branch"]]
-* [[shortcut name=GNU_Savannah_bug url="http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?%s" desc="GNU Savannah bug #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=GNU_Savannah_patch url="http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?%s" desc="GNU Savannah patch #%s"]]
-* [[shortcut name=GNU_Savannah_task url="http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?%s" desc="GNU Savannah task #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=source_gnumach-1-branch url="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/gnumach/%S?view=log&root=hurd&pathrev=gnumach-1-branch"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=GNU_Savannah_bug url="http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?%s" desc="GNU Savannah bug #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=GNU_Savannah_patch url="http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?%s" desc="GNU Savannah patch #%s"]]
+* [[!shortcut name=GNU_Savannah_task url="http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?%s" desc="GNU Savannah task #%s"]]
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 85596be8..89df4b54 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Welcome to...  [[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU
+Welcome to...  [[!img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU
 Hurd!
 
   * **[[Home|/index]]**
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ Hurd!
 
 ---
 
-  * **[[Hurd]]**[[if test="destpage(hurd*)" then="
+  * **[[Hurd]]**[[!if test="destpage(hurd*)" then="
       * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]*
       * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]]
-  * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
+  * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[!if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then="
       * *[[microkernel/mach/Documentation]]*
       * *[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]*"]]
-      * *[[microkernel/mach/MIG]]*[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach/mig*)" then="
+      * *[[microkernel/mach/MIG]]*[[!if test="destpage(microkernel/mach/mig*)" then="
           * [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]"]]
 
 ---
diff --git a/tcb.mdwn b/tcb.mdwn
index d321a954..9b117fae 100644
--- a/tcb.mdwn
+++ b/tcb.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/trackers.mdwn b/trackers.mdwn
index c47daf9a..028117ef 100644
--- a/trackers.mdwn
+++ b/trackers.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index f0d29a9c..f0fe0cb7 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/unix.mdwn b/unix.mdwn
index b313010a..96c46caf 100644
--- a/unix.mdwn
+++ b/unix.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # External
 
-  * Wikipedia page about [[wikipedia UNIX]].
+  * Wikipedia page about [[!wikipedia UNIX]].
 
   * [*Standardizing
     UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
diff --git a/user/flaviocruz.mdwn b/user/flaviocruz.mdwn
index 9c9af71d..450c2754 100644
--- a/user/flaviocruz.mdwn
+++ b/user/flaviocruz.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/user/madhusudancs.mdwn b/user/madhusudancs.mdwn
index 1139c718..382f988a 100644
--- a/user/madhusudancs.mdwn
+++ b/user/madhusudancs.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="GNU/Linux compatible procfs"]]
 
-[[!toc ]]
+[[!toc]]
 ----
 
  Project Name 
diff --git a/user/scolobb.mdwn b/user/scolobb.mdwn
index 2de8eb4f..8cf47568 100644
--- a/user/scolobb.mdwn
+++ b/user/scolobb.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/user/tschwinge.mdwn b/user/tschwinge.mdwn
index b72f26f5..5ffa6fd8 100644
--- a/user/tschwinge.mdwn
+++ b/user/tschwinge.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[meta title="Thomas Schwinge"]]
+[[!meta title="Thomas Schwinge"]]
 
 <tschwinge@gnu.org>
 
diff --git a/user/vincentvikram.mdwn b/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
index 847325e2..8927bd4e 100644
--- a/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
+++ b/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn b/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn
index ed13acc2..cea3cf0b 100644
--- a/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn
+++ b/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
diff --git a/virtualization.mdwn b/virtualization.mdwn
index 88f95328..325340b0 100644
--- a/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
-[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # External
 
-  * Wikipedia page about [[wikipedia Virtualization]].
+  * Wikipedia page about [[!wikipedia Virtualization]].
 
 
 # See Also
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1fbfe2b1102476b0c5a91bfd940ac8ad89a6f81b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 16:44:06 +0200
Subject: Simplify some links.

---
 abac.mdwn                                                         | 2 +-
 asbestos.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 asking_questions.mdwn                                             | 2 +-
 binutils.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 capability.mdwn                                                   | 2 +-
 colophon.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn               | 2 +-
 community.mdwn                                                    | 2 +-
 community/communication.mdwn                                      | 8 ++++----
 community/facebook.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 community/gsoc.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/2008.mdwn                                          | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn                      | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn                                 | 4 ++--
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn                      | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn                | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn             | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn               | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn                | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn                            | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn                 | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn               | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn                 | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn               | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn                            | 2 +-
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn  | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn                 | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn                            | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn                        | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn               | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn                      | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn                  | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn                      | 4 ++--
 community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 community/meetings.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn                                 | 2 +-
 community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn                            | 2 +-
 community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 community/weblogs.mdwn                                            | 2 +-
 community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 .../ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn  | 2 +-
 config_edittemplate.mdwn                                          | 2 +-
 config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 confused_deputy.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 contact_us.mdwn                                                   | 4 ++--
 contributing.mdwn                                                 | 4 ++--
 contributing/questionnaire.mdwn                                   | 4 ++--
 contributing/web_pages.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 designation.mdwn                                                  | 2 +-
 destructive_interference.mdwn                                     | 2 +-
 documentation.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 donate.mdwn                                                       | 2 +-
 emulation.mdwn                                                    | 2 +-
 extensibility.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 gcc.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 gdb.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 gdb/backtrace.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 getting_help.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 glibc.mdwn                                                        | 2 +-
 hurd.mdwn                                                         | 2 +-
 hurd/advantages.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 hurd/authentication.mdwn                                          | 2 +-
 hurd/binutils.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn                                | 2 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn                     | 2 +-
 hurd/building/example.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/concepts.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/critique.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn                     | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn                                         | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn        | 2 +-
 hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn                                | 2 +-
 hurd/documentation.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 hurd/faq.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 hurd/faq/old_faq.txt                                              | 2 +-
 hurd/faq/release.mdwn                                             | 2 +-
 hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn                                   | 2 +-
 hurd/gcc.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 hurd/glibc.mdwn                                                   | 2 +-
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/history.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn                                      | 8 ++++----
 hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/io_path.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/libchannel.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 hurd/libhello_example.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/libpager.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/logo.mdwn                                                    | 2 +-
 hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn                                            | 2 +-
 hurd/networking.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn                                     | 2 +-
 hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn              | 2 +-
 hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                                             | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn                      | 2 +-
 hurd/porting.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn                                      | 4 ++--
 hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/reference_manual.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/running.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn                | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn               | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn                | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn                                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn                     | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn      | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn                                  | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn                       | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn              | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn                            | 2 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn                            | 2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 hurd/running/vmware.mdwn                                          | 2 +-
 hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 hurd/settrans.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 hurd/status.mdwn                                                  | 2 +-
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 hurd/toolchain.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/auth.mdwn                                         | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn                                     | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn                        | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn                                  | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn                                  | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn                                | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn                                   | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn                                   | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn                              | 2 +-
 hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn                                     | 2 +-
 hurd/virtualization.mdwn                                          | 2 +-
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn              | 2 +-
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn                 | 2 +-
 ibac.mdwn                                                         | 2 +-
 idl.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 index.mdwn                                                        | 6 +++---
 index/discussion.mdwn                                             | 2 +-
 ipc.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 irc.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 isolation.mdwn                                                    | 2 +-
 license.mdwn                                                      | 2 +-
 liedtke.mdwn                                                      | 2 +-
 mailing_lists.mdwn                                                | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn                                      | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn                                     | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn                                       | 2 +-
 mechanism.mdwn                                                    | 2 +-
 microkernel.mdwn                                                  | 2 +-
 microkernel/faq.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn                      | 2 +-
 microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                                     | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn                          | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn         | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn                         | 2 +-
 .../mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn    | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn                               | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn                 | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn  | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn                            | 4 ++--
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn          | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn                  | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn                    | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn                                         | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn                      | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn                                         | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn                   | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn                | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn                                 | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn                     | 2 +-
 .../mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn  | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/port.mdwn                                        | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn                                         | 2 +-
 microkernel/viengoos.mdwn                                         | 2 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn                                | 2 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn                           | 2 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn                                | 2 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn                                | 2 +-
 microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn                             | 2 +-
 naming_context.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 news.mdwn                                                         | 2 +-
 news/2002-01-13.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-01-19.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-02-18.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-03-03.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-03-08.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-03-23.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-05-05.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-05-18.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-05-24.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-05-28.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-06-22.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-08-16.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-10-03.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn                                            | 2 +-
 news/2002-10-19.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2002-11-18.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2003-01-18.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2003-02-14.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2003-07-02.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2003-07-16.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2003-08-21.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2005-01-28.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2005-09-20.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2006-04-27.mdwn                                              | 4 ++--
 news/2007-01-07.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2007-01-14.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2007-03-14.mdwn                                              | 4 ++--
 news/2007-10-01.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2007-10-12.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2008-02-11.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2008-03-19.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2008-09-11.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2008-11-14.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2008-12-12.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 news/2009-03-28.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 open_issues.mdwn                                                  | 2 +-
 open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn                                  | 2 +-
 persistency.mdwn                                                  | 2 +-
 policy.mdwn                                                       | 2 +-
 principal.mdwn                                                    | 2 +-
 public_hurd_boxen.mdwn                                            | 2 +-
 qemu.mdwn                                                         | 2 +-
 recent_changes.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 rpc.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 rules.mdwn                                                        | 2 +-
 rules/savannah_group.mdwn                                         | 4 ++--
 rules/source_repositories.mdwn                                    | 2 +-
 security.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 sfi.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 sidebar.mdwn                                                      | 2 +-
 tcb.mdwn                                                          | 2 +-
 trackers.mdwn                                                     | 2 +-
 trust.mdwn                                                        | 2 +-
 unix.mdwn                                                         | 2 +-
 unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 unsorted/changelogs.html                                          | 2 +-
 user/flaviocruz.mdwn                                              | 2 +-
 user/madhusudancs.mdwn                                            | 2 +-
 user/scolobb.mdwn                                                 | 2 +-
 user/tschwinge.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 user/vincentvikram.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 user/zhengda/howto.mdwn                                           | 2 +-
 virtualization.mdwn                                               | 2 +-
 339 files changed, 357 insertions(+), 357 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/abac.mdwn b/abac.mdwn
index bdf63a32..41de2062 100644
--- a/abac.mdwn
+++ b/abac.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ABAC stands for authorization-based access control.
 In this model, access is not granted based on the
diff --git a/asbestos.mdwn b/asbestos.mdwn
index fcbd8ecb..3990eec1 100644
--- a/asbestos.mdwn
+++ b/asbestos.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Asbestos is an operating system developed at MIT, Stanford
 and UCLA to explore information flow control policies.  The motivation
diff --git a/asking_questions.mdwn b/asking_questions.mdwn
index bb5c8ffb..2d43cbbe 100644
--- a/asking_questions.mdwn
+++ b/asking_questions.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Before asking a question, first make an effort to find the answer to your
 question.  A lot of questions have been asked and answered before, so please
diff --git a/binutils.mdwn b/binutils.mdwn
index 85791914..3ce28bb1 100644
--- a/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/binutils.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU Binutils](http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/).
diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index c5ef0d1d..367ea163 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A capability is a protected reference.  It is a reference in that
 it designates an object; it is protected in that in cannot be
diff --git a/colophon.mdwn b/colophon.mdwn
index 1afdd51a..a9a2952e 100644
--- a/colophon.mdwn
+++ b/colophon.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Just like a book, this topic is designed to help describe the tools used to
 create this website and what methods were used to give it its look and feel.
diff --git a/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn b/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
index d9443b17..0a1a5a00 100644
--- a/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
+++ b/colophon/about_the_twiki_to_ikiwiki_conversion.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Some Quick Notes About the *TWiki to ikiwiki* Conversion
 
diff --git a/community.mdwn b/community.mdwn
index 9d8af0ec..17377890 100644
--- a/community.mdwn
+++ b/community.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is an expanding community of people developing and running test Debian
 GNU/Hurd machines.
diff --git a/community/communication.mdwn b/community/communication.mdwn
index 0e56a77e..33941000 100644
--- a/community/communication.mdwn
+++ b/community/communication.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The GNU Hurd community comprises of a crowd of people living in different areas
 of the whole world.  For that, having regular working-[[meetings]] -- usually
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ one of the more productive ways of coordination works -- is not easily
 possible.
 
 The two key resources most often used for communication are the Debian and GNU
-[[mailing_lists]], as well as [[IRC]].
+[[mailing lists]], as well as [[IRC]].
 
 These are measures of communication that work (compared to, e.g., a one-to-one
 telephone call) one-to-many.  It is important to not send email only to a
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ discussing with single developers.  And always use *reply to all* instead of
 *reply* when answering to email.
 
 If you're interested in keeping up with current events and taking part in
-discussions, you'll want to join the [[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] mailing list or
+discussions, you'll want to join the [[mailing lists/bug-hurd]] mailing list or
 have a look at its [archives](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/).
 
 Even if you're a beginner (we've also been, and some of us even still
 remember), don't hesitate to make the first move and make active use of these
 resources.  But -- of course -- please try to adhere to the conventions as
-described on the [[mailing_lists]] and [[IRC]] pages.
+described on the [[mailing lists]] and [[IRC]] pages.
diff --git a/community/facebook.mdwn b/community/facebook.mdwn
index 31a27fec..27893cf9 100644
--- a/community/facebook.mdwn
+++ b/community/facebook.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is [a Facebook group for the Hurd](http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=5141429597). If you're on Facebook, join it and say hello.
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc.mdwn b/community/gsoc.mdwn
index 506516bb..2719d2ab 100644
--- a/community/gsoc.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Google Summer of Code"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
index 31d45d05..d7b467bb 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The GNU Hurd project has successfully participated in the 
 [Google Summer of Code 2008](http://code.google.com/soc/2008/hurd/about.html)!
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn
index 0cb624f2..4c2039d4 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-04-25.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 - People agreed that some small projects should be done to during the bonding
   period: ideas that floated around were fixing some of the build failures or
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn
index f960ab06..1dc99abe 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-02.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 - madrazr wanted a wiki to keep track of progress. antrik suggested:
   http://www.bddebian.com/~wiki/community/gsoc/ and that everyone use
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn
index 0c848e8a..7e7da845 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008/minutes-2008-05-16.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * **madrazr** said that web commits for the wiki stall forever (more than half an hour); the reason is unknown. **antrik** said that it is not much of a problem if the problems with git access are solved.
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn b/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn
index 946c225b..9fe3a420 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/organization_application.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * Link ID:
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index dede290f..32c8aed8 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 We offer a wide range of possible projects to choose from. If you have an idea
 not listed here, we'd love to hear about it!
 
 In either case, we encourage you to contact us (on [[IRC]] and/or our developer
-[[mailing_lists]]), so we can discuss your idea, or help you pick a suitable
+[[mailing lists]]), so we can discuss your idea, or help you pick a suitable
 task -- we will gladly explain the tasks in more detail, if the descriptions
 are not clear enough.
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn
index f13e19e6..a92329fe 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/cdparanoia.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Implement CD Audio Grabbing"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn
index 183f6708..ca10a61e 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/debian_installer.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Port the Debian Installer to the Hurd"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn
index 9f361de9..bb047308 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/disk_io_performance.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Disk I/O Performance Tuning"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn
index 519d1195..749597a6 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/download_backends.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Use Internet Protocol Translators (ftpfs etc.) as Backends for Other Programs"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn
index b3c4c129..04efe202 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/driver_glue_code.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="New Driver Glue Code"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn
index 18fbe956..93c2a5f3 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/dtrace.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="dtrace Support"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn
index 0c057639..b6b393f9 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/file_locking.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Fix File Locking"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn
index b70ab3c6..b7f2ea62 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnat.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Porting GNAT"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn
index ecbbb200..e75c9d3e 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/gnumach_cleanup.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="GNU Mach Code Cleanup"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn
index 4a1fe73c..c30505cb 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/hardware_libs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Stub Implementations of Hardware Specific Libraries"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
index c247a8f8..bf75c805 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Bindings to Other Programming Languages"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn
index e37bc71f..f0b8db7c 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/lexical_dot-dot.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Lexical .. Resolution"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
index 2745dc7e..10ca508e 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Implementing libcap"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
index d484b40b..2a08b387 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Fix libdiskfs Locking Issues"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
index c0f966c5..ef1b2bcb 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Porting libgtop"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
index 6ece2dbf..5be8917f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/maxpath.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Fixing Programs Using PATH_MAX et al Unconditionally"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn
index 39cde2dd..045533e6 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/mtab.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="mtab"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn
index 79aad7a1..d40d73ac 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/namespace-based_translator_selection.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Namspace-based Translator Selection"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn
index eeeda6f0..683287f7 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Improved NFS Implementation"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn
index 4e544ed5..43e53f7c 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/package_manager.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Hurdish Package Manager for the GNU System"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn
index 23420159..bfe1968e 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/perl.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Improving Perl Support"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
index 8acfa228..85eec43c 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="procfs"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
index 0e677268..9c703d36 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Convert Hurd Libraries and Servers to pthreads"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
index e5848a0f..a433e8d1 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Secure chroot Implementation"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn
index 66171313..42edf287 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Server Overriding Mechanism"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn
index 134c5b59..b92f76da 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Sound Support"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn
index 7ca43152..b56bff51 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Hurdish TCP/IP Stack"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn
index fcf8d96b..69adef0f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Fix tmpfs"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn
index 3692678f..a801290f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionfs_boot.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Allow Using unionfs Early at Boot"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
index f8fbc283..47a3d85d 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Union Mounts"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn
index 79c3ab29..c7403f70 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Virtualization Using Hurd Mechanisms"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn
index 8d6a15c3..9e802188 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/vm_tuning.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="VM Tuning"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn
index b5466091..55961547 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Implement xattr Support"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn
index 5fd2cbe4..5e5eaa13 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/xmlfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="xmlfs"]]
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn b/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn
index e52387b6..84070cbf 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/student_application_form.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Before we get to the actual application form, some important remarks about the
 application process -- please read them carefully.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ won't consider it.
 
 One of the things we expect is that you contact us directly as soon as possible
 (preferably even before you send the application form), on our developer
-[[mailing_lists]] and [[IRC]] channel. Don't be afraid -- we won't bite :-) IRC
+[[mailing lists]] and [[IRC]] channel. Don't be afraid -- we won't bite :-) IRC
 in particular allows for very informal conversations.
 
 (Note though that we are not all in the same time zone, and people generally
diff --git a/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn
index c125ee96..406d370d 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/xorg_ideas.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## libpciaccess Support for GNU Hurd
 
diff --git a/community/meetings.mdwn b/community/meetings.mdwn
index 9a07e205..9c88418e 100644
--- a/community/meetings.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Meetings with Hurd developer attendance"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn b/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn
index cc672f5e..24c2b112 100644
--- a/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/eurosys_2009.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="EuroSys 2009"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
index e19ff41d..8d7f459d 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2005.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="FOSDEM 2005"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
index 7f3cdcce..a869f262 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2006.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="FOSDEM 2006"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
index e8c37441..ab9fa413 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2007.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="FOSDEM 2007"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
index 5d641995..e9625fdf 100644
--- a/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/fosdem_2008.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="FOSDEM 2008"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn b/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
index ba0d8abf..0d82a2b1 100644
--- a/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/rmll_2006.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="RMLL 2006"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn b/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn
index 0c6f6c9f..1403c115 100644
--- a/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/self-organised.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Self-organised meeting"]]
 
diff --git a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
index 737951ca..d59ceded 100644
--- a/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
+++ b/community/meetings/stesie_2007-10-12.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 On the weekend 2007-10-12 to 14 [[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] invited Hurd people.
 Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] came, as well as novice
diff --git a/community/weblogs.mdwn b/community/weblogs.mdwn
index b3c38d00..50791549 100644
--- a/community/weblogs.mdwn
+++ b/community/weblogs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Weblogs from Hurd programmers and enthusiasts. 
 
diff --git a/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn b/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn
index 350d97b0..4ef8a329 100644
--- a/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn
+++ b/community/weblogs/ArneBab.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 I'm just a Hurd dabbler who likes the ideas behind the Hurd: 
 
diff --git a/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn b/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn
index 89dfb22e..693168a4 100644
--- a/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn
+++ b/community/weblogs/ArneBab/xkb-woes-trying-to-get-a-german-keyboard-layout.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Yesterday I spent a few hours trying to get my german keyboard to let me use my umlauts (and to let me type without having to hunt down the right keys), but without much luck. 
 
diff --git a/config_edittemplate.mdwn b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
index d8b17602..b3ff1431 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This page exists purely for configuring the [[iki plugins/edittemplate]]
 plugin.
diff --git a/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn b/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
index a43067b3..dcce6438 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate/regular_page.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
 line.
diff --git a/confused_deputy.mdwn b/confused_deputy.mdwn
index d7767d17..92be6415 100644
--- a/confused_deputy.mdwn
+++ b/confused_deputy.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [The confused deputy](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/ConfusedDeputy.html)
 problem was articulated by Norm Hardy.  It is a possible consequence
diff --git a/contact_us.mdwn b/contact_us.mdwn
index 4c5f9c5d..2f483780 100644
--- a/contact_us.mdwn
+++ b/contact_us.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   * [[Community]] -- the community around GNU Hurd.
 
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
     If you have a concern you want to send to the Hurd maintainers without
     writing to a public mailing list, then please send email to
     <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org>.  Please don't send general support requests or
-    questions there, but instead use the [[mailing_lists]].
+    questions there, but instead use the [[mailing lists]].
diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index 8c02a0fe..9e2396cf 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 So, you are interested in contributing to the GNU Hurd project?
 
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@ system nevertheless is a prerequisite.  At least have a deep look at the
 documentation pointers given in the previous section.  Also read through the
 [[HurdNG|hurd/ng]] section.
 
-Please send email to the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list for discussing
+Please send email to the [[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list for discussing
 this post-Mach system design.
diff --git a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
index 229e5c5e..bc548b64 100644
--- a/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/questionnaire.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 People often come to us and state that they'd like to help with the GNU/Hurd.
 This is very good and very much encouraged: we're always looking for volunteers
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ items and spend some time thinking about those.
 
 
 Every new contributor is very much encouraged to take some notes about these
-items and post them to *[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]*.
+items and post them to *[[mailing lists/bug-hurd]]*.
diff --git a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
index 9d5f0705..9a9cc54c 100644
--- a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
+++ b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 (!) Some general hints first; they may sound very familiar from other software
 projects:
diff --git a/designation.mdwn b/designation.mdwn
index e6074322..771d8e66 100644
--- a/designation.mdwn
+++ b/designation.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 To designate is to name.
diff --git a/destructive_interference.mdwn b/destructive_interference.mdwn
index f6a2596b..1f468034 100644
--- a/destructive_interference.mdwn
+++ b/destructive_interference.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Interference can be destructive or non-destructive.  When a [[principal]]
 invokes an object (thereby requesting a service) and the implementation
diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn
index 2c13792c..8559eff1 100644
--- a/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/documentation.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Documentation for...
 
diff --git a/donate.mdwn b/donate.mdwn
index f936007c..22b218c1 100644
--- a/donate.mdwn
+++ b/donate.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you feel like donating goods or money for the work the developers are doing,
 then we're happy to confirm that this is indeed possible.  Of course we'd
diff --git a/emulation.mdwn b/emulation.mdwn
index 93ce5e37..9e6a5e55 100644
--- a/emulation.mdwn
+++ b/emulation.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # External
 
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index 7fddd8b3..01b1f3b1 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
 means providing non-privileged mechanisms to extend existing objects and to
diff --git a/gcc.mdwn b/gcc.mdwn
index 32892968..c9dae96e 100644
--- a/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/gcc.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU Compiler Collection](http://gcc.gnu.org/).
diff --git a/gdb.mdwn b/gdb.mdwn
index 94f156b3..5409a05d 100644
--- a/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/gdb.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/).
 
diff --git a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
index 07a66178..7411ad05 100644
--- a/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
+++ b/gdb/backtrace.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 When someone asks you to supply a backtrace (from a [[segmentation_fault]], for
 example), here is roughly what you have to do.
diff --git a/getting_help.mdwn b/getting_help.mdwn
index 918877fe..92efabbe 100644
--- a/getting_help.mdwn
+++ b/getting_help.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Essential Documentation
 
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index f3b9460b..c7e5eeb7 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU C Library](http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/).
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 91c64495..4b434a65 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The GNU Hurd is under active development.  Because of that, there is no
 *stable* version.  We distribute the Hurd sources only through CVS at present.
diff --git a/hurd/advantages.mdwn b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
index b3742530..a181a942 100644
--- a/hurd/advantages.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet (yet),
 but it does have a number of enticing features:
diff --git a/hurd/authentication.mdwn b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
index 0780e54d..2d6084bf 100644
--- a/hurd/authentication.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/authentication.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 UIDs on the Hurd are separate from processes.  A process has
 [[capabilities|capability]] designating so-called UID vectors that
diff --git a/hurd/binutils.mdwn b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
index a46eef6b..76b0ae60 100644
--- a/hurd/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/binutils]] about the binutils.
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index c2861c3b..51b3abfc 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # `cross-gnu`
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
index 2c326d21..dbe317ad 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 What happens if the external link goes down? Is there any way to store files
 within the wiki itself? --[[vincentvikram]]
diff --git a/hurd/building/example.mdwn b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
index 57ddb313..bf31bf7e 100644
--- a/hurd/building/example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/example.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 I checked out the source code on my Ubuntu GNU/Linux system connected to the
 Internet using:
diff --git a/hurd/concepts.mdwn b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
index 10739b80..e8183d79 100644
--- a/hurd/concepts.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/concepts.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Translator]]
 * [[Virtual_File_System]]
diff --git a/hurd/critique.mdwn b/hurd/critique.mdwn
index f4bff270..c432cc17 100644
--- a/hurd/critique.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/critique.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="A Critique of the GNU Hurd Multi-server Operating System"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index f71ff69a..36ab769a 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Strategies
 
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
index f6fb9af5..1fede74f 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [[GNU_debugger_*GDB*|/gdb]] works on GNU/Hurd
 systems as it does on other system, but has some additional [hurd-specific
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
index bd732ca1..fa7a3c5b 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sometimes using [[GDB]] on a [[system_server|translator]] can result in a [[deadlock]].  You
 can however still use GDB by using the [`set
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
index 064b7ab8..905dd0da 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Here are some hints about how to approach testing after nontrivial changes to
 glibc have been done.
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index 664e8601..63b72ee0 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 *rpctrace* is -- roughly -- an equivavlent to Linux's *strace* or Solaris' or
 BSD's *truss*.  It is used to trace [[remote_procedure_call|rpc]]s a process is
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
index b3b9e95a..d439e17b 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!inline
 pages="hurd/debugging/translator/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
index 14c46d29..646738b1 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sometimes it may already be helpful to capture a translator's `stdout` and
 `stderr`, for example like this:
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
index ad9d87b0..82a50736 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/gdb.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Say you want to try running file system server ([[`ext2fs`|translator/ext2fs]],
 [[`jfs`|translator/jfs]], ...) against a modified version of
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index ce8ae2e7..0d311758 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Introductory Material
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index 7b2023cc..be30e1b4 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="GNU Hurd FAQ"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
index e4132d50..6968a894 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 In addition to the [general FAQ](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/docs.html#TOCfaq) there are the following typical newbie questions. (There is an [updated version](http://tuxou.ouvaton.org/hurd/) which is not official yet.)
 
-If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing_lists]] or the [[IRC]].
+If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing lists]] or the [[IRC]].
 
 * **_You say GNU, don't you mean GNU/Hurd?_**
   * Yes and no. GNU refers to the system as a whole, while GNU/Hurd is more specific, saying that it is the GNU system running on the Hurd -- to differentiate it from the GNU system running on Linux, GNU/Linux. Also see [[GNU/GnuNames]]
diff --git a/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt b/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
index 4c7bb8e3..617d7661 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
+++ b/hurd/faq/old_faq.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
             Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Hurd
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq/release.mdwn b/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
index a1a4c10a..d80c6825 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/release.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="When will the Hurd be released?"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
index f769b0b9..5c47f4e1 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/slash_usr_symlink.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Why is `/usr' a symbolic link to `.'?"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
index 2aba090f..53b5e071 100644
--- a/hurd/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/gcc]] about the GCC.
 
diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
index 4a9fd0af..e975a239 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/glibc]] about the glibc.
 
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
index 740eb260..aeb63d91 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Hurd-specific glibc API"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index fbdb1bf5..18a1506f 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
 complete free operating system.  In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index e7524503..fdaeeffb 100644
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
 
 The idea of using L4 as a [[microkernel]] for a [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was
 initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]] by Okuji Yoshinori, who,
-for discussing this purpose, created the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list
+for discussing this purpose, created the [[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list
 in November 2000.
 
 The project itself then was mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal Walfield.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ By now, the development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.  However, Neal Walfield moved
 on to working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos]].
 
 Over the years, a lot of discussion have been held on the
-[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which today is still the right place
+[[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which today is still the right place
 for [[next-generation_Hurd|ng]] discussions.
 
 Development of Hurd/L4 was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ explains:
 > a number of security issues.
 
 A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
-[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
+[[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
 
 > Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
 > that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
diff --git a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
index b5dae04e..ea9aa259 100644
--- a/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/hurd_hacking_guide.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Originally written by Wolfgang Jährling, the *Hurd Hacking Guide* contains an
 introduction to GNU Hurd and GNU Mach programming, an overview of some of the
diff --git a/hurd/io_path.mdwn b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
index c4e104df..78e13efd 100644
--- a/hurd/io_path.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # read
 
diff --git a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
index ab126cf6..91c7810f 100644
--- a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # libchannel
 
diff --git a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
index 6c10ec08..2c5490e2 100644
--- a/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libhello_example.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Howto write a Hurd library
 
diff --git a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
index 589b4abd..fef6a8ef 100644
--- a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 #libnetfs
 
diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index d3803d89..c9a1c0b6 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach's [[microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism]].
 
diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 577f9d0c..3d54a839 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index 7b66ed9b..aae80561 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
 <http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
diff --git a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
index a055ab70..5a66f992 100644
--- a/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/neighborhurd.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 It is possible to run multiple instances of the Hurd
 in parallel, on a single instance of Mach.  Other than
diff --git a/hurd/networking.mdwn b/hurd/networking.mdwn
index 9e1fbfa9..ff16eb25 100644
--- a/hurd/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/networking.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 For each supported `PF_*` protocol family, there is a file `/servers/socket/N`
 where `N` is the numberic value fo the `PF_*` symbol.  Right now
diff --git a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
index 59c49002..9785b08a 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/Resource_management_problems]]
   * [[Critique]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn b/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
index a7133ce9..96d8912b 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/limitations_of_the_original_hurd_design.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   * [[Critique]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
index 16c99115..abc781da 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/position_paper.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann wrote a paper titled [*Improving Usability
 via Access Decomposition and Policy
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
index cc70fa83..3513c378 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
index d85b87fc..a2fbf619 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The canonical [tasks
 file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/tasks?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
index 453f846b..c5e48979 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The canonical [TODO
 file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/TODO?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
index 424afe17..199cb7ae 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU GDB's `gnu-nat.c` doesn't support *non-stop* mode.
 
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
index b31f183d..cf5cc705 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>:
 
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
index 006399d4..8752e9d8 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
 
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
index 78b641ca..d5b455a0 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[libtrivfs]] seems to use [[libfshelp]], but doesn't have it listed in
 `HURDLIBS`.  Should change that?  Same for [[libnetfs]] and [[libdiskfs]]?
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
index 77823128..88cbbe75 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
 and applications that rely on the Hurd interfaces.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
index 18161a97..552a5681 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     <tschwinge> # settrans -P -a /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.10.61 -g 192.168.10.1 -m 255.255.255.0
     <tschwinge> Translator pid: 2289
diff --git a/hurd/porting.mdwn b/hurd/porting.mdwn
index fa0c55c8..c94572a4 100644
--- a/hurd/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   * [[Guidelines]]
   * [[System_API_Limitations]]
diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index 59abb091..7dea771d 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This is a compilation of common porting problems and their solutions.
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ information.
 
 There is a separate page about [[System_API_Limitations]].
 
-You may ask on the [[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] mailing list for details or
+You may ask on the [[mailing lists/bug-hurd]] mailing list for details or
 questions about fixing bugs.
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
index 6e70f1f8..06a6b382 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sometimes building or running a program will fail due to bugs in the system API
 implementation (in [[glibc]] and the [[Hurd]]).  Make sure you check this list
diff --git a/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn b/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
index 4229e7fd..9337b784 100644
--- a/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 *The GNU Hurd Reference Manual* documents the architecture, the usage and the
 programming of the GNU Hurd.  At the moment, the manual is quite incomplete.
diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 9293bd9c..95dc024a 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
index 249bfd86..9596040d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # How to Installing Packages without a Network Connection from your Hurd Installation
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
index d7ad3ee6..ac91dab4 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/creating_image_tarball.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The following [[anonftpsync-ports]] is used to create a local Debian GNU/Hurd
 repo.  You will need atleast 12G of disk space.  Change the
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 4e61e353..4966456a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
index e803fefb..195191cb 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/2_gib_partition_limit.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="2 GiB Partition Limit"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
index 1c023941..90c16a69 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="512 MiB RAM Limit"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
index b48452b9..f2889f3e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="apt: unmount cdroms"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
index 4d79bad5..bc960e30 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/bad_hypermeta_data.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you get the error `bad hypermeta data` when trying to mount an ext3
 partition from GNU/Linux, that is usually because the file system has not been
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
index 30348844..91b71d64 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_inside_glibc.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 To get [[debugging]] information for glibc, you need to install the
 `libc0.3-dbg` package.  At the place [[debugging/GDB]] looks for debugging
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
index e72ead91..d3aadec8 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
 during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  Then
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
index d39a815d..3b5fdffe 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/dev_random.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="/dev/random"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
index 5b2256f4..4de232da 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/df.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is no `/etc/mtab`, so just running `df` will yield an error.  Pass `df` a
 path like `df /` or `df ./` to see the disk usage of that particular file
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
index 155a48c8..c1c0a83c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/free_memory.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Run `vmstat` to see memory and swap usage.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
index ba7918b5..c4a619a1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/hurd_console.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Edit `/etc/default/hurd-console` to configure the Hurd console and enable it on
 bootup.  See [[console]] for further information about the Hurd console.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
index e3a68be2..ff14ce5f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/kernel_logs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The kernel logs are written to `/dev/klog`.  Run `cat /dev/klog > foo` as root
 and hit `ctrl+c` after a few seconds to catch the logs.  You can do this only
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
index 38407d07..88781d46 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/other_repositories.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you want to use the `apt-get source` facility, make sure that
 `/etc/apt/sources.list` contains a line like
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
index 46c970b9..b5e35420 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
index 631f170c..40781ab0 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/reporting_bugs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Please try to reproduce bugs which are not obviously Hurd-specific on Debian
 GNU/Linux and then file them there.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
index 139ddd7f..dad10cb9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sata_disk_drives.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU Mach does not support SATA disk drives (/dev/sda etc. in GNU/Linux) natively, so using device:sd0s1 will not work, sd* devices are for SCSI drives only.  The only way to get those drives to work is to put them into compatibility mode in the BIOS, if such an option exists.  GNU Mach will then recognize them as hda etc.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
index 8305cd79..517d59dc 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Privilege seperation does not work with Hurd currently.  You need to explicitely 
 set `PrivilegeSeparation` to `no` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`, just commenting out 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
index bb80a815..09fbc902 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/xserver-common.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 You need to run `dpkg-reconfigure xserver-common` and select `Anybody` for
 starting X as there is no way to detect console users currently.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
index b2c938f0..66348dd9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/patch_submission.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 If you fixed a Debian package which *FTBFS* (fails to build from source), you
 should submit the patch so that all users can profit from your work.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 546f325f..debe206b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Debian packages that need porting"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
index b4413526..72ed6dbf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `adduser` does work as expected, but what are these error messages?
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
index 9f20193f..24fb6ec4 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 For GCC trunk:
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
index 41566aa8..c8d67b29 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!tag fixed_in_debian]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
index 87d2061f..994b7782 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Single-threaded use appears to work:
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
index f5929548..837608f5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 On the otherwise-idle flubber:
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
index f7dc450b..9e26d273 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Depends on [[libdbd-sqlite3-perl]].
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
index b2d3af69..2e6e7134 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Does build, but has test-suite problems:
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
index 66564c25..8ddabb24 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     <azeem> seems pth still doesn't work
     <bddebian> Doesn't build or doesn't work?
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
index 0605f48e..865c3b17 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The `runit` package doesn't work, even its test suite doesn't finish.
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
index 6d3b572a..280e75e1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `socat` needs porting.  Some work has already been done in 2007, see
 <http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/contrib/socat-hurd.html> or contact
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
index f133ea1d..2cdb8e27 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
index 180b5320..57a19054 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Setup is very easy (You need a GNU/Linux system to install GNU, we are developing an installer for GNU and if you want to help us join us on [[http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss][gnu-system-discuss]]), just follow these steps ...
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 89fe0e52..bb8ff693 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Mission
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
index 605d43e8..832b4bef 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/microsoft_windows.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Welcome, This document is for getting you started in a few minutes.
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
index f896aa2e..71daa576 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## User mode network
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
index 77485569..5bdec5f1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/networking/sharing_files.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # SCP
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
index d0930bf0..1f99e247 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Installation  
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
index b61efc84..2db08654 100644
--- a/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/vmware/discussion.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 I find that this is all quite quick to try and that I can run through the
 ./native-install and reboot cycle twice OK.  However, at that point the
diff --git a/hurd/settrans.mdwn b/hurd/settrans.mdwn
index 008c73c5..5b381090 100644
--- a/hurd/settrans.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/settrans.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The `settrans` command is used to attach a [[translator]] (server) to a given
 [[file_system_node|virtual_file_system]].
diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 84d16d3b..1122b703 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Hurd, together with the GNU Mach microkernel, the GNU C Library
 and the other GNU and non-GNU programs in the GNU system, provide a
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index 6cb260d9..5b132604 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A sub-Hurd is like a [[neighbor_Hurd|neighborhurd]], however, makes use of some
 resources provided by another Hurd.  For instance, backing store and the
diff --git a/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
index 4b98f8a2..f337108e 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd/running_a_subhurd.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Running a Subhurd"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
index bc7048be..8b852089 100644
--- a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[binutils]]
 * [[GCC]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index e1597483..8f2f07b4 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A translator is simply a normal program acting as
 an object server and participating in the Hurd's
diff --git a/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn b/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
index de47016e..d9e70ec2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/auth.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[*The_Authentication_Server*|documentation/auth]], the transcript of a talk
 about the details of the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang
diff --git a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
index f4223b93..f5f1a9e0 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/cvsfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Setting up cvsfs on GNU/Hurd - A step by step process
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
index 1f8fcf53..27df23aa 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/devfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `devfs` is a translator sitting on `/dev` and providing what is to be provided
 in there in a dynamic fashion -- as compared to static passive translator
diff --git a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
index a54ff634..80e2b150 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/emailfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # How cool it would be if the email becomes similar to snail mail?
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
index 5fccfd37..6319df77 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Setting up translators - HowTo
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
index e226cea2..441fb00f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The `ext2fs` translator from the upstream Hurd code base can only handle file
 systems with sizes of less than roughly 2 GiB.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
index 733778b2..006fac0b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/fatfs.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The current `fatfs` translator is read-only, and it has a severe bug:
 [[!GNU_Savannah_bug 25961]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
index 4d4b02b1..06ee798b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The magic translator provides `/dev/fd`.
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
index e1c27bf0..e357294f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/mboxfs.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#mboxfs>
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
index 9cafcf69..cbe50b48 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 To configure Internet connectivity, the `pfinet` (*Protocol Family Internet*)
 [[translator]] must be configured.  This is done using the
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
index ce5e6b94..50b5dfc2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/implementation.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The `pfinet` server is a hacked Linux internet implementation with a glue layer
 translating between the Hurd [[RPC]]s and the middle layer of the Linux
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index b2601135..996ffd6d 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[Stefan_Siegl|stesie]] has added IPv6 support to the pfinet [[translator]].
 This was [Savannah task #5470](http://savannah.gnu.org/task/?5470).
diff --git a/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
index 84074050..dc2434dc 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pflocal.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The implementation of the `pflocal` server is in the `pflocal` directory, and
 uses [[`libpipe`|libpipe]] (shared code with the [[named_pipe|fifo]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index 2284d8f9..404a6764 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#procfs>
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
index bed9045c..ce38b92c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
     open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
index 1f1a3dcc..3d31b51a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
     open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
index 1f1a3dcc..3d31b51a 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
     open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
index a0d6a513..2cba78ad 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
     open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 3
diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
index d3ad7c4c..e4482e65 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `storeio` is a *translator for devices and other stores*.
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
index 31a73b13..9c88f1a3 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/stowfs.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=unionfs#stowfs]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index 49f02ae8..abd47c96 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `tmpfs` is a file system server for temporary data storage without using a real
 (permanent) [[backing_store]].
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
index 81d2f362..b36fc1aa 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by
     that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index 72fa0765..3ec649e5 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
     <antrik> hde: what's the status on tmpfs?
     <hde> Broke
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 28c9ff22..8a29d0f7 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#unionfs>
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn b/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
index fa0f47cd..36290883 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/wishlist_1.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[devfs]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
index 2b75d63a..0a3be4df 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/writing/example.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Data User-Server Translator Example
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
index aa709839..769c43ce 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/xmlfs.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#xmlfs>
diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index 738010cc..1e2f68fb 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Path names are resolved using a distributed protocol.
 No single entity is responsible for the resolution of
diff --git a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
index 3c6f19ea..42f83f77 100644
--- a/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Olaf Buddenhagen has written a text about how [[/virtualization]] is applicable
 within Hurd systems:
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
index 8a64d093..0b8f7ef6 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
index cb9beaa9..5905a19b 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]]
 
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
index 5e175592..51857e21 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Origin of the Name"]]
 
diff --git a/ibac.mdwn b/ibac.mdwn
index b8d2606c..c1d46ba8 100644
--- a/ibac.mdwn
+++ b/ibac.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 IBAC stands for identity-based access control.
 In this access control scheme, access to a resource
diff --git a/idl.mdwn b/idl.mdwn
index 2fa6f081..db58f789 100644
--- a/idl.mdwn
+++ b/idl.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 An IDL is an interface definition language.  The most well-known is
 CORBA.  An IDL compiler takes a specification and generates stubs
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 5481effe..960300c8 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 **What Is the GNU Hurd?**
 The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Read about ways to contribute [[in_more_detail|contributing]].
 
 There are a couple of different [[Hurd_FAQs|hurd/FAQ]].
 There are a number of [[IRC_channels|IRC]] and several
-different [[mailing_lists]] with searchable archives.
+different [[mailing lists]] with searchable archives.
 
 Before asking a question on a mailing list or on IRC, first, please try to
 answer your own question using a search engine and reading the introductory
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ systems are currently mostly based on the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]
 sponsored by the [Debian project](http://www.debian.org/).
 
 Community resources for related projects focus around these pages,
-<http://hurd.gnu.org/>, the [[mailing_lists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
+<http://hurd.gnu.org/>, the [[mailing lists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]].
 
 If you want to see the current discussions in the Hurd project, please have a look at 
 the [bug-hurd mailinglist archives](http://lists.gnu.org/pipermail/bug-hurd/). 
diff --git a/index/discussion.mdwn b/index/discussion.mdwn
index 2dc542c5..f369ed35 100644
--- a/index/discussion.mdwn
+++ b/index/discussion.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # TODO
 
diff --git a/ipc.mdwn b/ipc.mdwn
index 108bb395..2f9cef2e 100644
--- a/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/ipc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 IPC stands for interprocess communication.
 
diff --git a/irc.mdwn b/irc.mdwn
index a53113f7..9d73311d 100644
--- a/irc.mdwn
+++ b/irc.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="IRC"]]
 
diff --git a/isolation.mdwn b/isolation.mdwn
index de3df43e..638085e6 100644
--- a/isolation.mdwn
+++ b/isolation.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 When two [[principal]]s cannot affect each other, they are said to
 be isolated from one another.  Strictly speaking, if two principals
diff --git a/license.mdwn b/license.mdwn
index 8fa57c98..0f7bf9bd 100644
--- a/license.mdwn
+++ b/license.mdwn
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later
 version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
 no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is
-included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]
+included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]
diff --git a/liedtke.mdwn b/liedtke.mdwn
index bf8c5dc0..8a204a32 100644
--- a/liedtke.mdwn
+++ b/liedtke.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Liedtke is the father of [[microkernel/L4]].
diff --git a/mailing_lists.mdwn b/mailing_lists.mdwn
index 58f0017e..d64582b8 100644
--- a/mailing_lists.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # On Posting
 
diff --git a/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
index 66f49925..ee803d7d 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/bug-hurd.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#bug-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
index 1cef9017..735e321b 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#debian-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn b/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
index 4d4ed429..d966e172 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#gnu-system-discuss]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
index 65eb8191..7e283561 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/help-hurd.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#help-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
index 4c8135fa..0476c501 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel-readers.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel-readers]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
index c0805b53..26ca1c33 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/hurd-devel.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#hurd-devel]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
index 8c2527f0..493c38b6 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/l4-hurd.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#l4-hurd]]
diff --git a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
index afd2fe21..4bef130e 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/unmoderated.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 In fact the lists *are* moderated for users that post from not-subscribed email
 addresses.  However, this moderation should be transparent to the poster, you
diff --git a/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
index 2e09244f..f449205f 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/web-hurd.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta redir=mailing_lists#web-hurd]]
diff --git a/mechanism.mdwn b/mechanism.mdwn
index 222fcd14..dddb234b 100644
--- a/mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/mechanism.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
 defines a mechanism as:
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index 4a067ba1..e2d70c01 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642)
 that a microkernel attempts to minimize the mandatory part of the operating
diff --git a/microkernel/faq.mdwn b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
index 4fb75103..a6c4f1f8 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Microkernel FAQ"]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
index e42c4887..b16faa92 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="What is a Multiserver Microkernel?"]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
index a901e827..ad50425e 100644
--- a/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/for_beginners.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Concepts
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
index f2a39f1c..3b12bfac 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   - [Meet Mach](http://www.stepwise.com/Articles/Technical/MeetMach.html), a
     summary of Mach's history and main concepts.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
index 40bd3d4a..b175d1cc 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach provides a so-called external pager [[mechanism]].  This
 mechanism serves to separate *managing memory* from *managing
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index abd53116..8c42d1e8 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU Mach is the microkernel that the [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]] system is based on.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
index bd3eb115..d33ef25a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/boot_trace.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `if NCPUS > 1` stuff is not being considered so far.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
index 25c8e1cc..7db98547 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/building/example.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 ## Compiling GNU Mach microkernel
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
index 0867cbce..38cc7911 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
 [Manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/gnumach-doc/Kernel-Debugger.html).
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
index ae3d0ee1..2152c079 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/hardware_compatibility_list.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # CPU Architecture
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
index 4323ac4b..2f601199 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
index 07c71568..96028896 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[Mach]] interfaces do not allow for proper resource accounting, when a server
 allocates resources on behalf of a client.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
index b25fbe60..a29b8651 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   * x86.  This is the main port.
   * [PowerPC](http://www.pjbruin.dds.nl/hurd/).  Is not in a usable state.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
index 7391ea2e..a4c27c6a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!toc]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
index 8e46472d..eae9d9a8 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/internals.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The port does use Xen's para-virtualized interface for device (ide, network,
 etc.) access.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
index f3b0d205..52e6db87 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen/networking_configuration.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!toc]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index 8ef71e30..bd13802c 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This page is a place to keep track of ideas about things that may be improved
 in GNU Mach, so that it'll evolve to a reliable microkernel for The Hurd, both
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ in terms of stability and performance.  If you find anything missing here,
 please feel free to add a entry with a short description.
 
 If you want to help with any of the task (thanks!), please send a mail to
-*[[mailing_lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
+*[[mailing lists/bug-hurd]]* stating what task you wish to work on,
 so that no duplicate efforts end up.
 
 # Active Branches
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
index 0038f00e..e865e61a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/clean_up_the_code.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # Restructure the tree in a sane way
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
index 43e65a2b..ef1b4909 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects/gdb_stubs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
   * <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-04/msg00103.html>
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
index dab6423d..95d11517 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/reference_manual.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 *The GNU Mach Reference Manual* documents the architecture, the usage and the
 programming of the GNU Mach microkernel.  At the moment, the manual documents
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
index 010b51c9..aaf3ba23 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/ipc]] about IPC.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
index ea5cf5fe..eb94d662 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach's [[IPC]] mechanism allows for getting access to a message's sequence
 number.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
index 2bf81d59..4275a4b4 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Mach Interface Generator (MIG) is an [[IDL]] compiler.  Based on an
 interface definition, it creates stubs to [[invoke]] object methods
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
index be0796e8..82d51a72 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This is a small collection of links to external documents describing the *Mach
 Interface Generator* used by GNU Mach.
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn
index 42f06613..b627b532 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/dealloc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [[GNU_Mach_Reference_Manual|gnumach/reference_manual]] describes the
 `dealloc` flag in [Chapter 4.2.4,
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn
index 00edf0f3..8abf9b07 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/documentation/servercopy.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 For IN args.  If set it...
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
index b2a41bac..03ef0967 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU MIG is the GNU distribution of the
 [[Mach_3.0_interface_generator_*MIG*|mig]], as maintained by the GNU Hurd
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
index ad440b40..33e6429a 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
index 27de1015..daace92e 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/duplicate_inclusion_guards.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 E.g., both `/usr/include/hurd/process.h` and
 `/usr/include/hurd/process_request.h` use `_process_user_` as an inclusion
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
index b3568c29..af4a0c8d 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/port.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Mach ports are [[capabilities|capability]].
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
index 5508ea3c..72acfaa0 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/rpc.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[General_information|/rpc]] about RPC.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn
index 95009142..d4edc929 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 *viengoos* is a new kernel currently being designed and written by Neal
 Walfield.
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn
index b34188e2..536c21fa 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/building.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Check out Viengoos and switch to the viengoos-on-bare-metal branch
 (all development is currently done on this branch and it will
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn
index ccce208b..52ff7a48 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/documentation.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The most up-to-date documentation is in the source code itself, see in
 particular the header files in the hurd directory.
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn
index e5a2ddf5..aff70604 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/hardware.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 I boot over the network using PXE.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn
index cbe39607..27dcc3e2 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/projects.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!tag open_issue_viengoos]]
 
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn
index 01dd4050..14efcb9f 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/serial_port.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Viengoos can be configured to send output to the serial port (in fact,
 this is the only configuration that I use).  To talk to the serial
diff --git a/naming_context.mdwn b/naming_context.mdwn
index 28b2fabd..3a0751c0 100644
--- a/naming_context.mdwn
+++ b/naming_context.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Names are bindings to objects, however, to find an object
 given a name, the relation must be looked up in a
diff --git a/news.mdwn b/news.mdwn
index c5c0a851..4511047c 100644
--- a/news.mdwn
+++ b/news.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!inline
 pages="news/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/news/2002-01-13.mdwn b/news/2002-01-13.mdwn
index 06b62334..920c2593 100644
--- a/news/2002-01-13.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-01-13.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 An
 <A HREF="http://www.pl-berichte.de/berichte/brinkmann.html">interview
diff --git a/news/2002-01-19.mdwn b/news/2002-01-19.mdwn
index 18fe6aab..c6923220 100644
--- a/news/2002-01-19.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-01-19.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Toronto Hurd User Group meets: The University of Waterloo
 Computer Science Club will be hosting a talk on the Hurd and the
diff --git a/news/2002-02-18.mdwn b/news/2002-02-18.mdwn
index b34c654a..e550a8f6 100644
--- a/news/2002-02-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-02-18.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Pro-Linux has published a <A
 HREF="http://www.pl-berichte.de/berichte/hurd/hurd-status/">GNU/Hurd
diff --git a/news/2002-03-03.mdwn b/news/2002-03-03.mdwn
index 9a66a2f5..8b60ed9b 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-03.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-03.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 There is a new mailing list called <A
 HREF="http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/hurd-devel-readers">
diff --git a/news/2002-03-08.mdwn b/news/2002-03-08.mdwn
index c107dcfc..f64f04f1 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-08.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-08.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 We are pleased to announce version 1.3 of the GNU distribution of the
 Mach 3.0 interface generator `MIG'.  It may be found in the file
diff --git a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
index 1936ca05..f3c12633 100644
--- a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Added the [[hurd/Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] to the documentation section.  Thanks to
 Wolfgang Jährling for providing this introduction into GNU/Hurd and Mach
diff --git a/news/2002-05-05.mdwn b/news/2002-05-05.mdwn
index d5db172b..2b38863e 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-05.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-05.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 We are currently finishing the transition from a stdio-based GNU C
 Library (glibc) to a libio-based one.  This is the result of about
diff --git a/news/2002-05-18.mdwn b/news/2002-05-18.mdwn
index e2cb9261..7017e410 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-18.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The "Linux and Unix User Group Heilbronn" (in Germany) is organizing
 a Debian GNU/Hurd <A
diff --git a/news/2002-05-24.mdwn b/news/2002-05-24.mdwn
index 32469759..a65d5c6d 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-24.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-24.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Finally, the transition from the stdio-based GLibC Application
 Binary Interface (ABI) to the libio-based GLibC ABI has been
diff --git a/news/2002-05-28.mdwn b/news/2002-05-28.mdwn
index 330e8dc0..dcf7c86d 100644
--- a/news/2002-05-28.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-05-28.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 We are pleased to announce version 1.3 of the GNU distribution of
 the Mach kernel, featuring advanced boot script support, support for
diff --git a/news/2002-06-22.mdwn b/news/2002-06-22.mdwn
index 439d7ea6..b6a606da 100644
--- a/news/2002-06-22.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-06-22.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Various developers of the Hurd and people interested in it will meet
 at the <A HREF="http://lsm.abul.org/">Libre Software Meeting</A> in
diff --git a/news/2002-08-16.mdwn b/news/2002-08-16.mdwn
index 69f42be4..9e70d686 100644
--- a/news/2002-08-16.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-08-16.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Hurd sources have stabilized again after a short period in
 which some of the interfaces were changed to prepare support of long
diff --git a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
index 28ab527a..90f4da9f 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A new article about [[the_authentication_server|hurd/documentation/auth]]
 has been added to the web pages.  It resembles the talk
diff --git a/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn b/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn
index 0dabd3b6..e08e2b3c 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-03_2.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Marcus Brinkmann speaks about the GNU&nbsp;Hurd at "Reflections |
 Projections 2002", the <A
diff --git a/news/2002-10-19.mdwn b/news/2002-10-19.mdwn
index fb3e75b2..0d3f34a0 100644
--- a/news/2002-10-19.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-10-19.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The Toronto Hurd Users Group meets again: The <A
 HREF="http://www.uwaterloo.ca/"> University of Waterloo</A> <A
diff --git a/news/2002-11-18.mdwn b/news/2002-11-18.mdwn
index fec60a89..805f2726 100644
--- a/news/2002-11-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2002-11-18.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 For one month now, the pthread implementation by Neal Walfield is part
 of the Hurd CVS source tree, and has been used to compile more
diff --git a/news/2003-01-18.mdwn b/news/2003-01-18.mdwn
index 1d89bc68..90c41f27 100644
--- a/news/2003-01-18.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-01-18.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Ga&euml;l Le Mignot, president of HurdFr,
 <A HREF="http://news.hurdfr.org/gen.php3/2002/11/05/44,0,1,0,0.html">
diff --git a/news/2003-02-14.mdwn b/news/2003-02-14.mdwn
index 89473575..2754d737 100644
--- a/news/2003-02-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-02-14.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The <A HREF="/software/hurd/docs.html#UsersGuide">GNU/Hurd User's Guide</A>
 is now accessible through the <A HREF="/software/hurd/docs.html">Documentation
diff --git a/news/2003-07-02.mdwn b/news/2003-07-02.mdwn
index b5433eee..7e9634b7 100644
--- a/news/2003-07-02.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-07-02.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The tarball for Debian GNU/Hurd that Marcus Brinkmann made over the
 years has been discontinued in favour of Jeff Bailey's
diff --git a/news/2003-07-16.mdwn b/news/2003-07-16.mdwn
index af8c8b74..da1fc12a 100644
--- a/news/2003-07-16.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-07-16.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 GNU/LinuxTag 2003 is now over and since there was a talk given about
 the Hurd, a demo GNU/Hurd machine running and the sale of Hurd
diff --git a/news/2003-08-21.mdwn b/news/2003-08-21.mdwn
index 602ee2ef..fcd2adb8 100644
--- a/news/2003-08-21.mdwn
+++ b/news/2003-08-21.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Added a link to Patrick Strasser's <A
 HREF="http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/">the Hurd Source
diff --git a/news/2005-01-28.mdwn b/news/2005-01-28.mdwn
index 92056b38..3360fd3e 100644
--- a/news/2005-01-28.mdwn
+++ b/news/2005-01-28.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Marcus Brinkmann added
 <A HREF="/software/hurd/hurd-l4.html">a small web page</A> describing
diff --git a/news/2005-09-20.mdwn b/news/2005-09-20.mdwn
index 16424a8c..09e156eb 100644
--- a/news/2005-09-20.mdwn
+++ b/news/2005-09-20.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Material from the Operating System topic during
 the <A HREF="http://libresoftwaremeeting.org/">Libre Software
diff --git a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
index d50fd272..9f99488a 100644
--- a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
+++ b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <p>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd project will participate in this year's <strong>Google
 Summer of Code</strong>, under the aegis of the GNU project.</p>
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Summer of Code</strong>, under the aegis of the GNU project.</p>
 <p>The following is a list of items you might want to work on.  If you want to
 modify or extend these tasks or have your own ideas what to work on, please
 feel invited to contact us on the
-[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] or
+[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing lists/bug-hurd]] or
 the [[#hurd_IRC_channel|irc]].</p>
 
 <ul>
diff --git a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
index b82ec6e0..530491f2 100644
--- a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A number of GNU Hurd developers will again (as already in the previous years)
 meet at the time of the FOSDEM 2007, which will take place from 2007-02-24 to
diff --git a/news/2007-01-14.mdwn b/news/2007-01-14.mdwn
index 16947757..f99eda87 100644
--- a/news/2007-01-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-01-14.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <p>Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann have written and submitted for
 publication <a
diff --git a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
index ec3ebcda..9895291c 100644
--- a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <p>The GNU&nbsp;Hurd project will participate in this year's <strong>Google
 Summer of Code</strong>, under the aegis of the GNU project.</p>
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Summer of Code</strong>, under the aegis of the GNU project.</p>
 <p>The following is a list of items you might want to work on.  If you want to
 modify these task proposals or have your own ideas on what to work, then please
 don't hesitate to contact us on the
-[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] or
+[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing lists/bug-hurd]] or
 the [[#hurd_IRC_channel|irc]].</p>
 
 <ul>
diff --git a/news/2007-10-01.mdwn b/news/2007-10-01.mdwn
index a95b2631..b35bc337 100644
--- a/news/2007-10-01.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-10-01.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 This year the GNU Hurd had again been assigned one slot within the **Google
 Summer of Code** program, which was assigned to the task **design and implement
diff --git a/news/2007-10-12.mdwn b/news/2007-10-12.mdwn
index 8d46a07f..ae125149 100644
--- a/news/2007-10-12.mdwn
+++ b/news/2007-10-12.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Stefan Siegl added [[support_for_IPv6_networking|hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6]]
 to the *pfinet* translator.
diff --git a/news/2008-02-11.mdwn b/news/2008-02-11.mdwn
index 7b4346b8..0805287c 100644
--- a/news/2008-02-11.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-02-11.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A number of GNU Hurd developers will again (as already in the previous
 years) meet at the time of the FOSDEM 2008, which will take place from
diff --git a/news/2008-03-19.mdwn b/news/2008-03-19.mdwn
index 0a2c91e2..02ea4c5f 100644
--- a/news/2008-03-19.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-03-19.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The GNU Hurd project has been accepted as a mentoring organisation for the
 **Google Summer of Code 2008**!  If you are a student and looking for a job
diff --git a/news/2008-09-11.mdwn b/news/2008-09-11.mdwn
index 85f31317..8dc39924 100644
--- a/news/2008-09-11.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-09-11.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Please see [[the_community/gsoc_page|community/gsoc]] for information about how
 our **Google Summer of Code 2008 participation** worked out.  **Congratulations
diff --git a/news/2008-11-14.mdwn b/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
index 9cdbdea0..58e035c3 100644
--- a/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-11-14.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[Samuel_Thibault|samuelthibault]] has implemented support for the PAE feature
 offered by modern x86 processors.  This largely faciliates the deployment of
diff --git a/news/2008-12-12.mdwn b/news/2008-12-12.mdwn
index c55b991e..b2e92ef0 100644
--- a/news/2008-12-12.mdwn
+++ b/news/2008-12-12.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Neal Walfield has submitted a paper to
 [[community/meetings/EuroSys_2009]] describing how resource management
diff --git a/news/2009-03-28.mdwn b/news/2009-03-28.mdwn
index 72741457..00aebb09 100644
--- a/news/2009-03-28.mdwn
+++ b/news/2009-03-28.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The application phase for the **Google Summer of Code 2009** has already
 started.  Please see our [[page_about_the_GSoC|community/gsoc]] for
diff --git a/open_issues.mdwn b/open_issues.mdwn
index c372abfb..b6771287 100644
--- a/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
 
diff --git a/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn b/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn
index 81e07f3e..6f6d7cbd 100644
--- a/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/blkrrpart_ioctl.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="BLKRRPART IOCTL"]]
 
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index 16234c9b..f5347a4e 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
 On [[Unix]], files and directories are persistent but
diff --git a/policy.mdwn b/policy.mdwn
index 7412de5f..1bc3c527 100644
--- a/policy.mdwn
+++ b/policy.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A policy is a rule that define what may or may not happens, not
 how it happens.  The latter is referred to as [[mechanism]].
diff --git a/principal.mdwn b/principal.mdwn
index 47ec3c7f..c9b952ec 100644
--- a/principal.mdwn
+++ b/principal.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A principal is an accountable entity.  A principal may be
 a user.  On some computer systems, users are represented by their
diff --git a/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn b/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn
index f504225b..f7b264fb 100644
--- a/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn
+++ b/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Here are some Hurd boxes that users have made available to the public:
 
diff --git a/qemu.mdwn b/qemu.mdwn
index c0ed12f0..bfd2f1cb 100644
--- a/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/qemu.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 QEMU is free software written by Fabrice Bellard that implements a fast
 processor [[emulator|emulation]], allowing a user to run one operating system
diff --git a/recent_changes.mdwn b/recent_changes.mdwn
index e9bd13c4..594a0390 100644
--- a/recent_changes.mdwn
+++ b/recent_changes.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Recent Changes"]]
 
diff --git a/rpc.mdwn b/rpc.mdwn
index 451dd4d4..9703268f 100644
--- a/rpc.mdwn
+++ b/rpc.mdwn
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 RPC stands for remote procedure call.
diff --git a/rules.mdwn b/rules.mdwn
index ccc7363e..6f6f9e2f 100644
--- a/rules.mdwn
+++ b/rules.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * [[Source_repositories]]
 * [[Savannah_group]]
diff --git a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
index 7de688be..4e2cf357 100644
--- a/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
+++ b/rules/savannah_group.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/hurd/>
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ There is no need to be a formal member of the GNU Hurd Savannah group in order
 to be able to contribute to the system.  In fact, if we added every single soul
 that was interested in the Hurd to the Savannah group it'd probably have
 exploded by now.  We have the policy of adding people as soon as they are
-beginning to make substantial contributions.  Simply use the [[mailing_lists]]
+beginning to make substantial contributions.  Simply use the [[mailing lists]]
 for sending your contributions, for asking questions, and so on.
 
 Have a look at the page for [[contributing]].  Also be sure to have a look at
diff --git a/rules/source_repositories.mdwn b/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
index f15d0f3a..2c2092f8 100644
--- a/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/rules/source_repositories.mdwn
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Git repositories on Savannah, see <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/> (search
 for *hurd*).
diff --git a/security.mdwn b/security.mdwn
index 4c037982..0e22df00 100644
--- a/security.mdwn
+++ b/security.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Alan Karp [identifies][1] 11 security questions:
 
diff --git a/sfi.mdwn b/sfi.mdwn
index 67d26105..4b57d7c6 100644
--- a/sfi.mdwn
+++ b/sfi.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 SFI stands for Software-Based Fault Isolation.  SFI is an [[isolation]]
 technique described by Wahbe et al. in their 1993 paper [Effcient
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 89df4b54..446eecf2 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Welcome to...  [[!img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU
 Hurd!
diff --git a/tcb.mdwn b/tcb.mdwn
index 9b117fae..f6018dae 100644
--- a/tcb.mdwn
+++ b/tcb.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 TCB stands for trusted computed base.  Unqualified, the trusted
 computing base referrers to the set of components programs
diff --git a/trackers.mdwn b/trackers.mdwn
index 028117ef..c8fe913e 100644
--- a/trackers.mdwn
+++ b/trackers.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A number of different trackers are available at the [GNU Savannah Hurd
 Group](http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/hurd).
diff --git a/trust.mdwn b/trust.mdwn
index f0fe0cb7..2bf0a9ae 100644
--- a/trust.mdwn
+++ b/trust.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The word trust is used in a number of contexts with different technical meanings.
 Sometimes it is used to confuse, for instance trusted computing is rarely about
diff --git a/unix.mdwn b/unix.mdwn
index 96c46caf..a927eb64 100644
--- a/unix.mdwn
+++ b/unix.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # External
 
diff --git a/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn b/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn
index b5b92d68..0f7dfa54 100644
--- a/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/OskitMach.mdwn
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ concentrate on completely different microkernels (Coyotos being the current
 favourite), as well as on improving the original GNU Mach 1.x codebase.  (See
 also [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects]].)
 
-The [[mailing_lists]], or the [[IRC]] is, like always, the best source of more
+The [[mailing lists]], or the [[IRC]] is, like always, the best source of more
 current information.
 
 There also exist other efforts:
diff --git a/unsorted/changelogs.html b/unsorted/changelogs.html
index 7689484e..299ef281 100644
--- a/unsorted/changelogs.html
+++ b/unsorted/changelogs.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 <H3>ChangeLogs</H3>
 <P>
diff --git a/user/flaviocruz.mdwn b/user/flaviocruz.mdwn
index 450c2754..f3a67afd 100644
--- a/user/flaviocruz.mdwn
+++ b/user/flaviocruz.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Name: Flávio Cruz
 
diff --git a/user/madhusudancs.mdwn b/user/madhusudancs.mdwn
index 382f988a..903b0964 100644
--- a/user/madhusudancs.mdwn
+++ b/user/madhusudancs.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="GNU/Linux compatible procfs"]]
 
diff --git a/user/scolobb.mdwn b/user/scolobb.mdwn
index 8cf47568..09016edb 100644
--- a/user/scolobb.mdwn
+++ b/user/scolobb.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # scolobb
 
diff --git a/user/tschwinge.mdwn b/user/tschwinge.mdwn
index 5ffa6fd8..2c75292b 100644
--- a/user/tschwinge.mdwn
+++ b/user/tschwinge.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Thomas Schwinge"]]
 
diff --git a/user/vincentvikram.mdwn b/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
index 8927bd4e..875b6311 100644
--- a/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
+++ b/user/vincentvikram.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 * Name: Vikram Vincent
 * Email: vincentvikram@swatantra.org OR vincentvikram@gmail.com
diff --git a/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn b/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn
index cea3cf0b..a2664a18 100644
--- a/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn
+++ b/user/zhengda/howto.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 
 This document briefly introduces how to set up the virtual network and connect the subhurd with the main hurd.
diff --git a/virtualization.mdwn b/virtualization.mdwn
index 325340b0..52131c12 100644
--- a/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # External
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b2177ac6a0742d35b53c9cb9f9f57519e1ba04ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 08:55:32 +0200
Subject: hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id: Add some details.

---
 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
index 552a5681..53f5b797 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -13,3 +13,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
     <tschwinge> Pausing...
     <tschwinge> pfinet: /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libports/create-internal.c:115: _ports_create_port_internal: Unexpected error: (ipc/mig) wrong reply message ID.
     <neal> it would be nice to print out the id when those sorts of errors occur.
+
+This error code is `MIG_REPLY_MISMATCH` and can be returned in GNU Mach's
+`kern/exception.c (exception_parse_reply)`, in MIG-generated code, see `user.c
+(WriteCheckIdentity)`, and in glibc's `sysdeps/mach/hurd/ioctl.c (__ioctl)`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bf37abe176e1a04dce95eb9cf8dc15554f63469a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 09:10:59 +0200
Subject: Don't show the open_issues page itself.

---
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                         | 3 ++-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn     | 2 +-
 microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
index 3513c378..83adcce5 100644
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 This is a dumping ground for open issues for the GNU Hurd.
 
 [[!inline
-pages="(hurd/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_hurd)) and !*/discussion"
+pages="(hurd/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_hurd)) and !open_issues and
+!*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
index 2f601199..0aa4f4c8 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
 
 [[!inline
 pages="(microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/*  or tagged(open_issue_*mach))
-and !*/discussion"
+and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
index 33e6429a..208712da 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU MIG.
 
 [[!inline
 pages="(microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_*mig))
-and !*/discussion"
+and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 83e4562b290577f353aec09d5fbcd4fc133b3904 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 09:06:34 +0200
Subject: GDB issues.

---
 gdb.mdwn                                | 12 ++++++++----
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn | 21 ---------------------
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn | 23 -----------------------
 hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn    | 17 -----------------
 open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn      | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn      | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn         | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn                 | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
 create mode 100644 tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/gdb.mdwn b/gdb.mdwn
index 5409a05d..6c43728c 100644
--- a/gdb.mdwn
+++ b/gdb.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,8 +11,11 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 The [GNU debugger *GDB*](http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/).
 
-* [[Backtrace]]s
+  * [[Backtrace]]s
 
-* [Manual](http://sourceware.org/gdb/documentation/)
+  * [Manual](http://sourceware.org/gdb/documentation/)
 
-* [When disassemble doesn't work](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-02/msg00039.html)
+  * [When disassemble doesn't
+    work](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-02/msg00039.html)
+
+  * [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_gdb]]
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 199cb7ae..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-GNU GDB's `gnu-nat.c` doesn't support *non-stop* mode.
-
-Also, from <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>,
-GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
-
-> I also notice that when going through the shell in non-stop mode, it would be
-> more correct to resume all threads --- we don't want non-stop and its
-> scheduler-locking to apply to the shell.  Basically, non-stop should be off
-> if there are pending execs.  This was an existing issue, and doesn't affect
-> linux today, so I'll just ignore that for now, as it needs more tweaking to
-> fix.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index cf5cc705..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-<http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>:
-
-GNU GDB's Ulrich Weigand:
-
-> Hmm.  It would appear that "set exec-wrapper" is currently broken with
-> the gnu-nat.c target, right?
-
-GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
-
->> Yeah, it appears so.  Don't know if it's possible to get rid of the local
->> pending execs handling in gnu-nat.c.  An alternative would be to make
->> pending_execs a property of inferior.h:`struct inferior' instead of of
->> gnu-nat.c:`struct inf'.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8752e9d8..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
-
-> One thing [I asked
-> myself](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html)
-> was, if gnu-nat.c couldn't be using the port's id as thread ids instead of a
-> locally auto-generated number.  Maybe the thread id of the main thread would
-> be preserved across execs this way
diff --git a/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn b/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..418b144c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gdb_non-stop_mode.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="GDB's non-stop mode"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gdb]]
+
+GNU GDB's `gnu-nat.c` doesn't support *non-stop* mode.
+
+Also, from <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>,
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+> I also notice that when going through the shell in non-stop mode, it would be
+> more correct to resume all threads --- we don't want non-stop and its
+> scheduler-locking to apply to the shell.  Basically, non-stop should be off
+> if there are pending execs.  This was an existing issue, and doesn't affect
+> linux today, so I'll just ignore that for now, as it needs more tweaking to
+> fix.
diff --git a/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn b/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb0f8419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gdb_pending_execs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="GDB: pending_execs"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gdb]]
+
+<http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html>:
+
+GNU GDB's Ulrich Weigand:
+
+> Hmm.  It would appear that "set exec-wrapper" is currently broken with
+> the gnu-nat.c target, right?
+
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+>> Yeah, it appears so.  Don't know if it's possible to get rid of the local
+>> pending execs handling in gnu-nat.c.  An alternative would be to make
+>> pending_execs a property of inferior.h:`struct inferior' instead of of
+>> gnu-nat.c:`struct inf'.
diff --git a/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn b/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eeb67f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gdb_thread_ids.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="GDB: thread ids"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gdb]]
+
+GNU GDB's Pedro Alves:
+
+> One thing [I asked
+> myself](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2008-10/msg00045.html)
+> was, if gnu-nat.c couldn't be using the port's id as thread ids instead of a
+> locally auto-generated number.  Maybe the thread id of the main thread would
+> be preserved across execs this way
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..937aafc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title=open_issue_gdb]]
+
+[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_gdb) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
+
+[[!inline
+pages="tagged(open_issue_gdb) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 98af3eee371766914b053a5011b4830ac358f477 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 11:06:58 +0200
Subject: Hurd issues.

---
 hurd.mdwn                                    |   2 +-
 hurd/open_issues.mdwn                        |  21 -----
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn         |  14 ----
 hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn          |  14 ----
 hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn  |  12 ---
 hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn         | 119 --------------------------
 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn |  19 -----
 open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn              |  18 ++++
 open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn               |  18 ++++
 open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn       |  16 ++++
 open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn              | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn      |  23 +++++
 tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn                     |   8 +-
 13 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 201 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 4b434a65..6c56b619 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 * [[Building]]
   * [[building/Cross-Compiling]]
 
-* [[Open_Issues]]
+* [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_hurd]]
 
 # Developer References
 
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 83adcce5..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
-
-This is a dumping ground for open issues for the GNU Hurd.
-
-[[!inline
-pages="(hurd/open_issues/* or tagged(open_issue_hurd)) and !open_issues and
-!*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no
-actions=yes
-rootpage="hurd/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index a2fbf619..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The canonical [tasks
-file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/tasks?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
-from the CVS archive.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c5e48979..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The canonical [TODO
-file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/TODO?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
-from the CVS archive.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d5b455a0..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[libtrivfs]] seems to use [[libfshelp]], but doesn't have it listed in
-`HURDLIBS`.  Should change that?  Same for [[libnetfs]] and [[libdiskfs]]?
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 88cbbe75..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
-and applications that rely on the Hurd interfaces.
-
-* psmisc
-
-The tools provided by the psmisc package are linux centric. Killall and pstree, for instance, require Linux's proc file system but could just as easily use Hurd's libps.
-
-* tmpfs
-* ppp
-* unionfs/stowfs
-* supermount translator
-
-Related: [[KnownHurdLimits]]
-
-From Marcus, 2002:
-
-* xkb driver for console (for international users)
-* kbd leds in console (well, in general, Roland's new driver in oskit for that crap)
-* fixing fakeroot (it's buggy)
-* fixing tmpfs (it's buggy, Neal says it's Mach's fault)
-* adding posix shared memory (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
-* adding posix file locking (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
-* testing
-  * find + various filesystems (are inode numbers for . and .. sane?)
-  * ext2fs with other block sizes than 4096
-  * --help and --version and --usage in all programs
-    * I have seen ^V in some --help output, might be argp bug
-    * Verify that all options are documented clearly, and that no unimplemented options appear
-    * Is the short and long description in the help output correct?
-  * Is the return value of all programs correct (eg, does main() return a sane value)
-  * Is the suid bit correctly set for all installed programs?
-  * Translators
-    * Does settrans -g work? -fg?
-    * Does fsysopts work? Does setting options with fsysopts work?
-    * Does stat() work on all translated nodes and give proper data?
-    * What about chown, chmod (some translators should pass this through to the underlying node, esp in /dev!)
-    * Does statfs give correct data?
-    * Are all inode numbers and link counts correct?
-* We also should have a "make check" test suite. We can add this once Jeff finished his automake patches
-* pick up the other things
-  * pthread, definitely. Now that we are so close
-  * new console is basically done
-    * needs integration of course
-    * X switching support
-* there is certainly more to do ...
-
-Wolfgang list of [Easy tasks](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/help-hurd/2002-July/006413.html) on July 28, 2002:
-
-<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
-  <tr>
-    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Difficulty</strong></th>
-    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Task</strong></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 0 </td>
-    <td> Check if all programs handle options (at least --help, --version and --usage; don't forget about the shell scripts) </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Check if all translators handle fsysopts </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Check if all translators respond to "settrans -g" </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> More tests of this kind </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Fix those of the above who don't work as intended </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Document (in doc/hurd.texi) all undocumented programs (translators as well as programs in utils/ and sutils/ and some others) </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Find a POSIX test suite, run it on GNU/Hurd, report the results </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 1 </td>
-    <td> Find more useful test suites to run </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 3 </td>
-    <td> Update INSTALL-cross </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Check if all the store classes in libstore work (we have many of them, look into the Makefile) </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 4 </td>
-    <td> Fix those who don't work </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> Document all still undocumented store classes </td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td> 2 </td>
-    <td> The console is pretty new code, it told me it wants to get tested </td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-Where difficulty 0 means trivial and 4 means tricky; the difficulty has nothing to do with the importance.
diff --git a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn b/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 53f5b797..00000000
--- a/hurd/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-    <tschwinge> # settrans -P -a /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.10.61 -g 192.168.10.1 -m 255.255.255.0
-    <tschwinge> Translator pid: 2289
-    <tschwinge> Pausing...
-    <tschwinge> pfinet: /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libports/create-internal.c:115: _ports_create_port_internal: Unexpected error: (ipc/mig) wrong reply message ID.
-    <neal> it would be nice to print out the id when those sorts of errors occur.
-
-This error code is `MIG_REPLY_MISMATCH` and can be returned in GNU Mach's
-`kern/exception.c (exception_parse_reply)`, in MIG-generated code, see `user.c
-(WriteCheckIdentity)`, and in glibc's `sysdeps/mach/hurd/ioctl.c (__ioctl)`.
diff --git a/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn b/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67b64651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/cvs_tasks_file.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="CVS tasks file"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+The canonical [tasks
+file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/tasks?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
+from the CVS archive.
diff --git a/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn b/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a42e6dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/cvs_todo_file.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="CVS TODO file"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+The canonical [TODO
+file](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/~checkout~/hurd/hurd/TODO?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain)
+from the CVS archive.
diff --git a/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn b/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2652cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/libfshelp_in_hurdlibs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="libfshelp in HURDLIBS"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+[[libtrivfs]] seems to use [[libfshelp]], but doesn't have it listed in
+`HURDLIBS`.  Should change that?  Same for [[libnetfs]] and [[libdiskfs]]?
diff --git a/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn b/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f8470b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+This todo is primarily targetted at the Hurd proper
+and applications that rely on the Hurd interfaces.
+
+* psmisc
+
+The tools provided by the psmisc package are linux centric. Killall and pstree, for instance, require Linux's proc file system but could just as easily use Hurd's libps.
+
+* tmpfs
+* ppp
+* unionfs/stowfs
+* supermount translator
+
+Related: [[KnownHurdLimits]]
+
+From Marcus, 2002:
+
+* xkb driver for console (for international users)
+* kbd leds in console (well, in general, Roland's new driver in oskit for that crap)
+* fixing fakeroot (it's buggy)
+* fixing tmpfs (it's buggy, Neal says it's Mach's fault)
+* adding posix shared memory (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
+* adding posix file locking (requires the io\_close call to be implemented)
+* testing
+  * find + various filesystems (are inode numbers for . and .. sane?)
+  * ext2fs with other block sizes than 4096
+  * --help and --version and --usage in all programs
+    * I have seen ^V in some --help output, might be argp bug
+    * Verify that all options are documented clearly, and that no unimplemented options appear
+    * Is the short and long description in the help output correct?
+  * Is the return value of all programs correct (eg, does main() return a sane value)
+  * Is the suid bit correctly set for all installed programs?
+  * Translators
+    * Does settrans -g work? -fg?
+    * Does fsysopts work? Does setting options with fsysopts work?
+    * Does stat() work on all translated nodes and give proper data?
+    * What about chown, chmod (some translators should pass this through to the underlying node, esp in /dev!)
+    * Does statfs give correct data?
+    * Are all inode numbers and link counts correct?
+* We also should have a "make check" test suite. We can add this once Jeff finished his automake patches
+* pick up the other things
+  * pthread, definitely. Now that we are so close
+  * new console is basically done
+    * needs integration of course
+    * X switching support
+* there is certainly more to do ...
+
+Wolfgang list of [Easy tasks](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/help-hurd/2002-July/006413.html) on July 28, 2002:
+
+<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
+  <tr>
+    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Difficulty</strong></th>
+    <th bgcolor="#99CCCC"><strong>Task</strong></th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 0 </td>
+    <td> Check if all programs handle options (at least --help, --version and --usage; don't forget about the shell scripts) </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Check if all translators handle fsysopts </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Check if all translators respond to "settrans -g" </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> More tests of this kind </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Fix those of the above who don't work as intended </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Document (in doc/hurd.texi) all undocumented programs (translators as well as programs in utils/ and sutils/ and some others) </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Find a POSIX test suite, run it on GNU/Hurd, report the results </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 1 </td>
+    <td> Find more useful test suites to run </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 3 </td>
+    <td> Update INSTALL-cross </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Check if all the store classes in libstore work (we have many of them, look into the Makefile) </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 4 </td>
+    <td> Fix those who don't work </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> Document all still undocumented store classes </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td> 2 </td>
+    <td> The console is pretty new code, it told me it wants to get tested </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+Where difficulty 0 means trivial and 4 means tricky; the difficulty has nothing to do with the importance.
diff --git a/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn b/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e84e2571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/wrong_reply_message_id.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="(ipc/mig) wrong reply message ID"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gnumach open_issue_mig open_issue_glibc]]
+
+    <tschwinge> # settrans -P -a /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 192.168.10.61 -g 192.168.10.1 -m 255.255.255.0
+    <tschwinge> Translator pid: 2289
+    <tschwinge> Pausing...
+    <tschwinge> pfinet: /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libports/create-internal.c:115: _ports_create_port_internal: Unexpected error: (ipc/mig) wrong reply message ID.
+    <neal> it would be nice to print out the id when those sorts of errors occur.
+
+This error code is `MIG_REPLY_MISMATCH` and can be returned in GNU Mach's
+`kern/exception.c (exception_parse_reply)`, in MIG-generated code, see `user.c
+(WriteCheckIdentity)`, and in glibc's `sysdeps/mach/hurd/ioctl.c (__ioctl)`.
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn
index 5d456d12..2e3c7206 100644
--- a/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn
+++ b/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn
@@ -10,4 +10,10 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title=open_issue_hurd]]
 
-[[!meta redir=hurd/open_issues]]
+[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_hurd) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
+
+[[!inline
+pages="tagged(open_issue_hurd) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9a504117097495928a2a83884bb40438baa2321a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 11:15:58 +0200
Subject: Mach issues.

---
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn                        |  2 +-
 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn                       |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn                       |  2 +-
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn           | 21 ---------------------
 .../open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn   | 19 -------------------
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn              |  2 +-
 open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn       | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn                         |  8 +++++++-
 8 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index fdaeeffb..ec72def4 100644
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ explains:
 
 > Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
 > rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The
-> [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems]] were
+> [[open issues/resource management problems]] were
 > what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
 > [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
 > description of the problems we have identified, see our [[critique]] in the
diff --git a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
index 9785b08a..9fac498f 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-  * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/Resource_management_problems]]
+  * [[open issues/Resource Management Problems]]
   * [[Critique]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
index 8c42d1e8..f3d6d5f9 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ GNU/Hurd.
   * [[Boot_Trace]]
   * [[Projects]]
       * [[Rules]]
-      * [[Open_Issues]]
+      * [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_gnumach]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 0aa4f4c8..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Open Issues"]]
-
-This is a dumping ground for open issues for GNU Mach.
-
-[[!inline
-pages="(microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/*  or tagged(open_issue_*mach))
-and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no
-actions=yes
-rootpage="microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 96028896..00000000
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[Mach]] interfaces do not allow for proper resource accounting, when a server
-allocates resources on behalf of a client.
-
-Mach can't do a good job at resource management, as it doesn't have enough
-information how resources are used: which data is important and which is
-discardable, for example.
-
-These issues are what Neal Walfield is working on with his new kernel
-[[viengoos]].
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
index bd13802c..47a2756c 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/projects.mdwn
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ so that no duplicate efforts end up.
 
   * [[Clean_up_the_code]]
 
-  * [[Open_Issues]]
+  * [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_gnumach]]
 
   * Update the core architecture and drivers
 
diff --git a/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn b/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42515897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/resource_management_problems.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gnumach open_issue_hurd open_issue_viengoos]]
+
+[[Mach]] interfaces do not allow for proper resource accounting, when a server
+allocates resources on behalf of a client.
+
+Mach can't do a good job at resource management, as it doesn't have enough
+information how resources are used: which data is important and which is
+discardable, for example.
+
+These issues are what Neal Walfield is working on with his new kernel
+[[viengoos]].
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn
index 39ab4f6b..5a46840d 100644
--- a/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn
+++ b/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn
@@ -10,4 +10,10 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title=open_issue_gnumach]]
 
-[[!meta redir=microkernel/mach/gnumach/open_issues]]
+[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_*mach) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
+
+[[!inline
+pages="tagged(open_issue_*mach) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a956d8791ffe383fe6fe356fd1035cabe76d4bdd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 11:30:24 +0200
Subject: GCC issues.

---
 gcc.mdwn                                        |  5 +-
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn            | 48 ----------------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn        | 41 --------------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn | 72 ------------------------
 open_issues/gcc.mdwn                            | 50 +++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn                        | 41 ++++++++++++++
 open_issues/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn                 | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn                         | 19 +++++++
 8 files changed, 188 insertions(+), 162 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gcc.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
 create mode 100644 tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/gcc.mdwn b/gcc.mdwn
index c9dae96e..81a2a357 100644
--- a/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -9,3 +10,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The [GNU Compiler Collection](http://gcc.gnu.org/).
+
+  * [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_gcc]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 24fb6ec4..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-For GCC trunk:
-
-Debian package has patches (for 4.3).  Some have been forwarded upstream.  (And
-have been ignored.)  [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] is working on getting them
-integrated.
-
-  * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
-    \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
-
-  * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
-    NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
-
-  * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
-    mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
-
-  * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
-    GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
-
-
-
-Additionally:
-
-  * Configure fragments that have `*linux*` cases might/should often contain
-    those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
-
-      * `libgcc/configure.ac` [might
-        need](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html) to be
-        aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  As well as at the end of
-        `libgcc/config.host`.  Check.
-
-            checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
-            checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
-
-      * `libgomp/configure.tgt`
-
-  * [[`libmudflap`|libmudflap]].
-
-  * [[C++]].
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c8d67b29..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/c++.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!tag fixed_in_debian]]
-
-Modify the [[building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
-building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
-
-Compiling a most-trivial C++ program used to work with GCC 4.2 and 4.3 (and the
-resulting binaries would also work), but linking fails with GCC SVN trunk:
-
-    $ $TARGET-g++ -Wall a.cc -lpthread
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__multf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fixunstfsi'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__subtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__divtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__copysigntf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__addtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__lttf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatsitf'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__netf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatunsitf'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__eqtf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fabstf2'
-    collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-
-Whether this defect report also applies to a natively-build GCC from SVN trunk
-has not yet been checked.
-
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] suspects the problem to be a configuration issue
-of a GCC helper library, whose configuration setup has changed after GCC 4.3.
-
-The need for `-lpthread` is another story.  See the Debian glibc patches
-repository for details.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 994b7782..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Single-threaded use appears to work:
-
-    $ echo 'int main(void) { int *a; a[10]=0; return a[5]; }' | ↩
-      gcc -o a -fmudflap -x c - -lmudflap
-    $ ./a
-    *******
-    mudflap violation 1 (check/write): time=1227208721.922064 ptr=0x1023de0 size=4
-    pc=0x1037a33 location=`<stdin>:1:26 (main)'
-          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__mf_check+0x33) [0x1037a33]
-          ./a(main+0x7c) [0x80486c4]
-          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__wrap_main+0x49) [0x1037239]
-    Nearby object 1: checked region begins 68B before and ends 65B before
-    mudflap object 0x80ca268: name=`argv[]'
-    bounds=[0x1023e24,0x1023e2b] size=8 area=static check=0r/0w liveness=0
-    alloc time=1227208721.922064 pc=0x10371d3
-    Nearby object 2: checked region begins 76B before and ends 73B before
-    mudflap object 0x80cb448: name=`environ[]'
-    bounds=[0x1023e2c,0x1023ed7] size=172 area=static check=0r/0w liveness=0
-    alloc time=1227208721.922064 pc=0x10371d3
-    number of nearby objects: 2
-    *******
-    mudflap violation 2 (check/read): time=1227208721.942109 ptr=0x1023dcc size=4
-    pc=0x1037a33 location=`<stdin>:1:35 (main)'
-          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__mf_check+0x33) [0x1037a33]
-          ./a(main+0xf3) [0x804873b]
-          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__wrap_main+0x49) [0x1037239]
-    Nearby object 1: checked region begins 88B before and ends 85B before
-    mudflap object 0x80ca268: name=`argv[]'
-    Nearby object 2: checked region begins 96B before and ends 93B before
-    mudflap object 0x80cb448: name=`environ[]'
-    number of nearby objects: 2
-
-Multi-threaded use doesn't:
-
-    $ echo 'int main(void) { int *a; a[10]=0; return a[5]; }' | ↩
-      gcc -include pthread.h -o a -fmudflapth -x c - -lmudflapth -lpthread
-    $ ./a 
-    Killed
-    $ gdb a
-    [...]
-    Starting program: /media/data/home/tschwinge/a 
-    
-    Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
-    0x01180653 in getenv () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    (gdb) bt
-    #0  0x01180653 in getenv () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #1  0x01177a02 in __dcigettext () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #2  0x01176a57 in dcgettext () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #3  0x011c03b5 in strerror_r () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #4  0x01175b57 in __assert_perror_fail () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #5  0x0111f1ad in cthread_fork (func=0x114f630 <_hurd_msgport_receive>, arg=0x0)
-        at /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libpthread/pthread/cthreads-compat.c:41
-    #6  0x0115713e in _hurdsig_init () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #7  0x01140852 in _hurd_proc_init@@GLIBC_2.2.6 () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #8  0x01140e86 in _hurd_init () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #9  0x011690ce in init1 () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
-    #10 0x00001e96 in _dl_start_user () from /lib/ld.so
-    #11 0x00000001 in ?? ()
-    #12 0x01024000 in ?? ()
-    #13 0x00000000 in ?? ()
-
-Also `libmudflap` is pthread-only.
diff --git a/open_issues/gcc.mdwn b/open_issues/gcc.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76832165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gcc.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting open_issue_gcc fixed_in_debian]]
+
+For GCC trunk:
+
+Debian package has patches (for 4.3).  Some have been forwarded upstream.  (And
+have been ignored.)  [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] is working on getting them
+integrated.
+
+  * [\[meta-bug\] bootstrap bugs for
+    \*-gnu\*](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=21824)
+
+  * [build system: gcc\_cv\_libc\_provides\_ssp and
+    NATIVE\_SYSTEM\_HEADER\_DIR](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2008-10/msg00130.html)
+
+  * [-fstack-protector shouldn't use TLS in freestanding
+    mode](http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29838)
+
+  * [Tool chain configuration: GNU/\* sharing stuff with
+    GNU/Linux](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-11/msg00289.html)
+
+
+
+Additionally:
+
+  * Configure fragments that have `*linux*` cases might/should often contain
+    those for us (and GNU/k*BSD) as well.
+
+      * `libgcc/configure.ac` [might
+        need](http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2008-10/msg00315.html) to be
+        aligned for us to the `*linux*` cases.  As well as at the end of
+        `libgcc/config.host`.  Check.
+
+            checking whether decimal floating point is supported... no
+            checking whether fixed-point is supported... no
+
+      * `libgomp/configure.tgt`
+
+  * [[`libmudflap`|libmudflap]].
+
+  * [[C++]].
diff --git a/open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn b/open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cab4c1f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting open_issue_gcc fixed_in_debian]]
+
+Modify the [[hurd/building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
+building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
+
+Compiling a most-trivial C++ program used to work with GCC 4.2 and 4.3 (and the
+resulting binaries would also work), but linking fails with GCC SVN trunk:
+
+    $ $TARGET-g++ -Wall a.cc -lpthread
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__multf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fixunstfsi'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__subtf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__divtf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__copysigntf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__addtf3'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__lttf2'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatsitf'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__netf2'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatunsitf'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__eqtf2'
+    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fabstf2'
+    collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
+
+Whether this defect report also applies to a natively-build GCC from SVN trunk
+has not yet been checked.
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] suspects the problem to be a configuration issue
+of a GCC helper library, whose configuration setup has changed after GCC 4.3.
+
+The need for `-lpthread` is another story.  See the Debian glibc patches
+repository for details.
diff --git a/open_issues/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn b/open_issues/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f14ca1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gcc/libmudflap.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting open_issue_gcc]]
+
+Single-threaded use appears to work:
+
+    $ echo 'int main(void) { int *a; a[10]=0; return a[5]; }' | ↩
+      gcc -o a -fmudflap -x c - -lmudflap
+    $ ./a
+    *******
+    mudflap violation 1 (check/write): time=1227208721.922064 ptr=0x1023de0 size=4
+    pc=0x1037a33 location=`<stdin>:1:26 (main)'
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__mf_check+0x33) [0x1037a33]
+          ./a(main+0x7c) [0x80486c4]
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__wrap_main+0x49) [0x1037239]
+    Nearby object 1: checked region begins 68B before and ends 65B before
+    mudflap object 0x80ca268: name=`argv[]'
+    bounds=[0x1023e24,0x1023e2b] size=8 area=static check=0r/0w liveness=0
+    alloc time=1227208721.922064 pc=0x10371d3
+    Nearby object 2: checked region begins 76B before and ends 73B before
+    mudflap object 0x80cb448: name=`environ[]'
+    bounds=[0x1023e2c,0x1023ed7] size=172 area=static check=0r/0w liveness=0
+    alloc time=1227208721.922064 pc=0x10371d3
+    number of nearby objects: 2
+    *******
+    mudflap violation 2 (check/read): time=1227208721.942109 ptr=0x1023dcc size=4
+    pc=0x1037a33 location=`<stdin>:1:35 (main)'
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__mf_check+0x33) [0x1037a33]
+          ./a(main+0xf3) [0x804873b]
+          /usr/lib/libmudflap.so.0(__wrap_main+0x49) [0x1037239]
+    Nearby object 1: checked region begins 88B before and ends 85B before
+    mudflap object 0x80ca268: name=`argv[]'
+    Nearby object 2: checked region begins 96B before and ends 93B before
+    mudflap object 0x80cb448: name=`environ[]'
+    number of nearby objects: 2
+
+Multi-threaded use doesn't:
+
+    $ echo 'int main(void) { int *a; a[10]=0; return a[5]; }' | ↩
+      gcc -include pthread.h -o a -fmudflapth -x c - -lmudflapth -lpthread
+    $ ./a 
+    Killed
+    $ gdb a
+    [...]
+    Starting program: /media/data/home/tschwinge/a 
+    
+    Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
+    0x01180653 in getenv () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    (gdb) bt
+    #0  0x01180653 in getenv () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #1  0x01177a02 in __dcigettext () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #2  0x01176a57 in dcgettext () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #3  0x011c03b5 in strerror_r () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #4  0x01175b57 in __assert_perror_fail () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #5  0x0111f1ad in cthread_fork (func=0x114f630 <_hurd_msgport_receive>, arg=0x0)
+        at /build/buildd/hurd-20080607/build-tree/hurd/libpthread/pthread/cthreads-compat.c:41
+    #6  0x0115713e in _hurdsig_init () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #7  0x01140852 in _hurd_proc_init@@GLIBC_2.2.6 () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #8  0x01140e86 in _hurd_init () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #9  0x011690ce in init1 () from /lib/libc.so.0.3
+    #10 0x00001e96 in _dl_start_user () from /lib/ld.so
+    #11 0x00000001 in ?? ()
+    #12 0x01024000 in ?? ()
+    #13 0x00000000 in ?? ()
+
+Also `libmudflap` is pthread-only.
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a06a9d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title=open_issue_gcc]]
+
+[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_gcc) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
+
+[[!inline
+pages="tagged(open_issue_gcc) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ad1fd23413b674e84fd6d850000a8f6d79a94b07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 12:01:42 +0200
Subject: Other open porting issues.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn                   | 10 +++--
 hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn           | 26 -----------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn        | 46 --------------------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn          | 25 -----------
 .../debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn        | 26 -----------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn               | 15 -------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn             | 17 --------
 hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn             | 13 ------
 open_issues/adduser.mdwn                           | 30 +++++++++++++
 open_issues/git-core-2.mdwn                        | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/git-core.mdwn                          | 27 ++++++++++++
 open_issues/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn               | 28 ++++++++++++
 open_issues/pth.mdwn                               | 17 ++++++++
 open_issues/runit.mdwn                             | 19 ++++++++
 open_issues/socat.mdwn                             | 15 +++++++
 tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn                        |  8 ++++
 16 files changed, 201 insertions(+), 171 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/adduser.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/git-core-2.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/git-core.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/pth.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/runit.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/socat.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index debe206b..3d25b4b9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -33,10 +33,14 @@ guidelines.
 
 There is also further information available about [[hurd/porting]].
 
+[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and
+!open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
+
 [[!inline
-pages="(hurd/running/debian/porting/* or tagged(open_issue_porting)) and
-!tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !*/discussion"
+pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and
+!*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
-rootpage="hurd/running/debian/porting" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
+rootpage="open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 72ed6dbf..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/adduser.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-`adduser` does work as expected, but what are these error messages?
-
-    $ sudo adduser foo
-    Adding user `foo' ...
-    Adding new group `foo' (1002) ...
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    Adding new user `foo' (1002) with group `foo' ...
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
-    Creating home directory `/home/foo' ...
-    Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
-    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 837608f5..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core-2.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-On the otherwise-idle flubber:
-
-    $ git clone git://sources.redhat.com/git/glibc.git
-    Initialized empty Git repository in /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/glibc/glibc/.git/
-    remote: Generating pack...
-    remote: Done counting 380933 objects.
-    remote: Deltifying 380933 objects...
-    remote:  100% (380933/380933) done
-    remote: Total 380933 (delta 294166), reused 380686 (delta 294002)
-    Receiving objects: 100% (380933/380933), 70.31 MiB | 27 KiB/s, done.
-    Resolving deltas: 100% (294166/294166), done.
-    error: git-checkout-index: unable to create file iconvdata/ibm1122.c (Interrupted system call)
-    error: git-checkout-index: unable to create file localedata/charmaps/IBM862 (Interrupted system call)
-    Checking out files: 100% (10676/10676), done.
-    $ git status
-    # On branch master
-    # Changed but not updated:
-    #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-    #
-    #       modified:   iconvdata/ibm1122.c
-    #       modified:   localedata/charmaps/IBM862
-    #
-    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
-    $ ls -l iconvdata/ibm1122.c localedata/charmaps/IBM862
-    -rw-r--r-- 1 tschwinge tschwinge 0 2008-12-15 15:49 iconvdata/ibm1122.c
-    -rw-r--r-- 1 tschwinge tschwinge 0 2008-12-15 15:49 localedata/charmaps/IBM862
-
-So these files are indeed of zero-length in the checked-out tree.  Is this
-git's fault or something else's?
-
-Fixing this situation is easy enough:
-
-    $ git checkout -- iconvdata/ibm1122.c localedata/charmaps/IBM862
-    $ git status
-    # On branch master
-    nothing to commit (working directory clean)
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e26d273..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/git-core.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Depends on [[libdbd-sqlite3-perl]].
-
-Does build, but has test-suite problems (only where libdbd-sqlite3-perl is
-involved, it seems):
-
-    [...]
-    DBD::SQLite::db table_info failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/git-core/git-core-1.5.6.5/t/../
-    git-cvsserver line 2783, <STDIN> line 17.
-    Can't call method "fetchall_hashref" on an undefined value at /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/git-core/git-core-1.5.6.5/t/../git-cvsserver line 
-    2783, <STDIN> line 17.
-    [...]
-
-Stopping the test-stuite (`C-c`), doing a `touch build-arch-stamp`, followed by
-re-running `dpkg-buildpackage` with `-nc` will yield an installable `deb`
-package.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e6e7134..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Does build, but has test-suite problems:
-
-    t/02cr_table............ok 1/4DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/02cr_table.t line 10.
-    DBD::SQLite::db prepare failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/02cr_table.t line 11.
-    Can't call method "execute" on an undefined value at t/02cr_table.t line 12.
-    t/02cr_table............dubious
-            Test returned status 118 (wstat 30208, 0x7600)
-    DIED. FAILED tests 2-4
-            Failed 3/4 tests, 25.00% okay
-    t/03insert..............ok 1/11DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/03insert.t line 6.
-    # Failed test 2 in t/03insert.t at line 6
-    [...]
-
-Stopping the test-stuite (`C-c`), doing a `touch build-stamp`, followed by
-re-running `dpkg-buildpackage` with `-nc` will yield an installable `deb`
-package.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ddabb24..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/pth.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-    <azeem> seems pth still doesn't work
-    <bddebian> Doesn't build or doesn't work?
-    <azeem> both
-    <azeem> some configure test keep grinding the CPU, same for the test suite
-    <azeem> which apparently runs pth_init() and never returns
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 865c3b17..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/runit.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The `runit` package doesn't work, even its test suite doesn't finish.
-
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] once was having a look at that, but this very
-report is just from his memory, and his memory is dim...  The problem *might*
-either be a time stamping issue (which might be fixed by now) or it *might* be
-the `select` call failing issue we're seeing from time to time.  Or something
-else.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 280e75e1..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting/socat.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-`socat` needs porting.  Some work has already been done in 2007, see
-<http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/contrib/socat-hurd.html> or contact
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]].
diff --git a/open_issues/adduser.mdwn b/open_issues/adduser.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7051a3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/adduser.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="adduser: posix_spawn() error=1073741826"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+`adduser` does work as expected, but what are these error messages?
+
+    $ sudo adduser foo
+    Adding user `foo' ...
+    Adding new group `foo' (1002) ...
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    Adding new user `foo' (1002) with group `foo' ...
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    posix_spawn() error=1073741826
+    Creating home directory `/home/foo' ...
+    Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
+    [...]
diff --git a/open_issues/git-core-2.mdwn b/open_issues/git-core-2.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84e002b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/git-core-2.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Hiccup of git clone when checking out files"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+On the otherwise-idle flubber:
+
+    $ git clone git://sources.redhat.com/git/glibc.git
+    Initialized empty Git repository in /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/glibc/glibc/.git/
+    remote: Generating pack...
+    remote: Done counting 380933 objects.
+    remote: Deltifying 380933 objects...
+    remote:  100% (380933/380933) done
+    remote: Total 380933 (delta 294166), reused 380686 (delta 294002)
+    Receiving objects: 100% (380933/380933), 70.31 MiB | 27 KiB/s, done.
+    Resolving deltas: 100% (294166/294166), done.
+    error: git-checkout-index: unable to create file iconvdata/ibm1122.c (Interrupted system call)
+    error: git-checkout-index: unable to create file localedata/charmaps/IBM862 (Interrupted system call)
+    Checking out files: 100% (10676/10676), done.
+    $ git status
+    # On branch master
+    # Changed but not updated:
+    #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+    #
+    #       modified:   iconvdata/ibm1122.c
+    #       modified:   localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+    #
+    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+    $ ls -l iconvdata/ibm1122.c localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+    -rw-r--r-- 1 tschwinge tschwinge 0 2008-12-15 15:49 iconvdata/ibm1122.c
+    -rw-r--r-- 1 tschwinge tschwinge 0 2008-12-15 15:49 localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+
+So these files are indeed of zero-length in the checked-out tree.  Is this
+git's fault or something else's?
+
+Fixing this situation is easy enough:
+
+    $ git checkout -- iconvdata/ibm1122.c localedata/charmaps/IBM862
+    $ git status
+    # On branch master
+    nothing to commit (working directory clean)
diff --git a/open_issues/git-core.mdwn b/open_issues/git-core.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da017302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/git-core.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+Depends on [[libdbd-sqlite3-perl]].
+
+Does build, but has test-suite problems (only where libdbd-sqlite3-perl is
+involved, it seems):
+
+    [...]
+    DBD::SQLite::db table_info failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/git-core/git-core-1.5.6.5/t/../
+    git-cvsserver line 2783, <STDIN> line 17.
+    Can't call method "fetchall_hashref" on an undefined value at /media/data/home/tschwinge/tmp/git-core/git-core-1.5.6.5/t/../git-cvsserver line 
+    2783, <STDIN> line 17.
+    [...]
+
+Stopping the test-stuite (`C-c`), doing a `touch build-arch-stamp`, followed by
+re-running `dpkg-buildpackage` with `-nc` will yield an installable `deb`
+package.
diff --git a/open_issues/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn b/open_issues/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f50eb07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/libdbd-sqlite3-perl.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+Does build, but has test-suite problems:
+
+    t/02cr_table............ok 1/4DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/02cr_table.t line 10.
+    DBD::SQLite::db prepare failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/02cr_table.t line 11.
+    Can't call method "execute" on an undefined value at t/02cr_table.t line 12.
+    t/02cr_table............dubious
+            Test returned status 118 (wstat 30208, 0x7600)
+    DIED. FAILED tests 2-4
+            Failed 3/4 tests, 25.00% okay
+    t/03insert..............ok 1/11DBD::SQLite::db do failed: database is locked(5) at dbdimp.c line 271 at t/03insert.t line 6.
+    # Failed test 2 in t/03insert.t at line 6
+    [...]
+
+Stopping the test-stuite (`C-c`), doing a `touch build-stamp`, followed by
+re-running `dpkg-buildpackage` with `-nc` will yield an installable `deb`
+package.
diff --git a/open_issues/pth.mdwn b/open_issues/pth.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf9c70d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/pth.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+    <azeem> seems pth still doesn't work
+    <bddebian> Doesn't build or doesn't work?
+    <azeem> both
+    <azeem> some configure test keep grinding the CPU, same for the test suite
+    <azeem> which apparently runs pth_init() and never returns
diff --git a/open_issues/runit.mdwn b/open_issues/runit.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7a0962c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/runit.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+The `runit` package doesn't work, even its test suite doesn't finish.
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] once was having a look at that, but this very
+report is just from his memory, and his memory is dim...  The problem *might*
+either be a time stamping issue (which might be fixed by now) or it *might* be
+the `select` call failing issue we're seeing from time to time.  Or something
+else.
diff --git a/open_issues/socat.mdwn b/open_issues/socat.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1961a9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/socat.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_porting]]
+
+`socat` needs porting.  Some work has already been done in 2007, see
+<http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/contrib/socat-hurd.html> or contact
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]].
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn
index 9a3f154c..5ab1e2c0 100644
--- a/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn
+++ b/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn
@@ -11,3 +11,11 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 [[!meta title=open_issue_porting]]
 
   * List of [[Debian packages that need porting|hurd/running/debian/porting]]
+
+[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
+
+[[!inline
+pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ddee5a9dac670abe2c31acc37e2e1fee27b60b02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2009 15:17:42 +0200
Subject: Repair defects.

---
 config_edittemplate.mdwn       | 2 +-
 hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn      | 2 +-
 mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/config_edittemplate.mdwn b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
index d8b17602..fba689ed 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-This page exists purely for configuring the [[iki plugins/edittemplate]]
+This page exists purely for configuring the [[!iki plugins/edittemplate]]
 plugin.
 
 [[!edittemplate template="config_edittemplate/regular_page" match="*"]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
index f8727118..568b6535 100644
--- a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Use it like this:
 
     $ qemu -cdrom hurd-tiny-cd-20060722.iso
 
-These [[wikipedia LiveCD]]s should be useful for those who want to try out the
+These [[!wikipedia LiveCD]]s should be useful for those who want to try out the
 Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks.  In addition to
 that, the bootable Hurd CDs should enable us to have a native installer instead
 of relying on Linux.
diff --git a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
index 1cef9017..058887e6 100644
--- a/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
+++ b/mailing_lists/debian-hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e85e071f27e8684ead0abd4453c7f1002827da1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mahesh <Mahesh@web>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 07:21:41 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index b40a43ce..661084d3 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 # What is Needed to create a QEMU image
 
 1. First thing is to install [[/QEMU]].
-2. A [[grub]] boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it an renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
+2. A [[grub]] boot disk for the floppy disk image needed for booting. The [0\.97 version](ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-0.97-i386-pc.ext2fs) works fine. I downloaded it and renamed to `floppy.img`. Alternatively, the Debian grub-disk package (up till version 0.97-28) is fine as well.
 3. You will need a [Debian/Hurd installation CD](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-cd). K16 works fine.
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6f6b4339d9425347c68f3d6675bd2524e1403ac2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 09:32:24 +0200
Subject: Inline libstore examples.

---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 3d54a839..2e96eb45 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
 device node below `/dev`...
 
+
 # Available Stores
 
 * `device`: raw device access, used for access to `hd0`, etc.
@@ -35,3 +36,11 @@ some crypto store.
 
 At <http://www.trek.eu.org/devel/hurd/crypt-trans-0.0.3.tgz>, another package
 can be found.
+
+
+# Examples
+
+[[!inline
+pages="hurd/libstore/examples/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 52473c478efac9c86918e4e2ff6e7d575bc61918 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 09:34:36 +0200
Subject: Briefly explain the copy store.

---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 2e96eb45..75d38561 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ device node below `/dev`...
 * `concat`: concatenate stuff.
 * `remap`: remap stuff.
 * `query`: TODO: what's this?
-* `copy`: TODO: what's this good for?
+* `copy`: provide a copy-on-write version of the backend; the changes are discarded on termination.
 * `gunzip`: `gunzip` data on the fly.
 * `bunzip2`: `bunzip2` data on the fly.
 * `nbd`: network block device (Linux-compatible).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1fa5485bc29dc9f62bc5f4874dfd09daec539ca1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 09:34:58 +0200
Subject: hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk: New file.

Explain how to create a simple ramdisk based on the zero store routed through
the copy store.  Notice a ext2fs bug.
---
 hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..069319fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+    $ settrans --create --active ramdisk0 /hurd/storeio -T copy zero:32M
+    $ mkfs.ext2 -F -b 4096 ramdisk0
+    [...]
+    $ settrans --active --orphan ramdisk0 /hurd/ext2fs.static ramdisk0
+    $ df -h ramdisk0/
+    df: Warning: cannot read table of mounted file systems
+    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
+    -                      32M  1.1M   30M   4% /media/data/home/tschwinge/ramdisk0
+
+This uses [[settrans]] and [[storeio]] to create a ramdisk of 32 MiB by routing
+a thusly sized [[zero store|zero]] through the [[copy store|copy]], connecting
+that to the `ramdisk0` node, create a `ext2` filesystem on it, and replace the
+translator running on the `ramdisk0` node with a instance of the [[`ext2fs`
+translator|translator/ext2fs]] running on the same node ([[translator
+stacking|translator/stacking]]).
+
+It is a [[!taglink open_issue_hurd]] why this does only work with
+`ext2fs.static`, but not the dynamically linked `ext2fs` (`settrans:
+/hurd/ext2fs: Translator died`).
+
+A (better) alternative would be using the [[`tmpfs`
+translator|translator/tmpfs]], but that one is broken at the moment.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8ab371e3e0db4599781796902b4d5eb739959949 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 09:56:34 +0200
Subject: Explain what libstore actually is.

---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 75d38561..0ab24f02 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-`libstore` is more than just a thin layer between
-[[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]] devices (`hd0` for example) and the
-device node below `/dev`...
+`libstore` is used to provide a generic interface to access data (read/write)
+on backing stores.
+
+It more than just a thin layer between [[GNU Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
+devices (`hd0` for example) and the device node below `/dev/`...
 
 
 # Available Stores
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ca4f4b137695e989666ddc7d5344d8d07532ec54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 10:41:49 +0200
Subject: Have separate pages for each individual store.

---
 hurd/libstore.mdwn                  | 16 ++--------------
 hurd/libstore/bunzip2_store.mdwn    | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/concat_store.mdwn     | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn       | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/device_store.mdwn     | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn |  2 +-
 hurd/libstore/file_store.mdwn       | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/gunzip_store.mdwn     | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/ileave_store.mdwn     | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/nbd_store.mdwn        | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/query_store.mdwn      | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/remap_store.mdwn      | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/task_store.mdwn       | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/typed_store.mdwn      | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/url_store.mdwn        | 12 ++++++++++++
 hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn       | 12 ++++++++++++
 16 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/bunzip2_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/concat_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/device_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/file_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/gunzip_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/ileave_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/nbd_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/query_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/remap_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/task_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/typed_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/url_store.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore.mdwn b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
index 0ab24f02..8eac39fe 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore.mdwn
@@ -18,20 +18,8 @@ devices (`hd0` for example) and the device node below `/dev/`...
 
 # Available Stores
 
-* `device`: raw device access, used for access to `hd0`, etc.
-* `file`: use a common file as some kind of block device.
-* `zero`: kind of an empty block device.
-* `task`: mach task store backend.  TODO: what's this?
-* `ileave`: interleave store (striping).
-* `concat`: concatenate stuff.
-* `remap`: remap stuff.
-* `query`: TODO: what's this?
-* `copy`: provide a copy-on-write version of the backend; the changes are discarded on termination.
-* `gunzip`: `gunzip` data on the fly.
-* `bunzip2`: `bunzip2` data on the fly.
-* `nbd`: network block device (Linux-compatible).
-* `url`: typed store with URL syntax.
-* `typed`: typed store (chainable stores thingy).
+[[!map pages="*_store and !*/discussion"
+show=title]]
 
 At <http://www.kataplop.net/pub/info/projets> you can find some effort to make
 some crypto store.
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/bunzip2_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/bunzip2_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd5fc914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/bunzip2_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="bunzip2 store: bunzip2 data on the fly"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/concat_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/concat_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d3a895a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/concat_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="concat store: concatenate"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..808470ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="copy store: copy-on-write; discard changes on termination"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/device_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/device_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b97f8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/device_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="device store: Mach device access"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn
index 069319fb..33d33601 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore/examples/ramdisk.mdwn
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
     -                      32M  1.1M   30M   4% /media/data/home/tschwinge/ramdisk0
 
 This uses [[settrans]] and [[storeio]] to create a ramdisk of 32 MiB by routing
-a thusly sized [[zero store|zero]] through the [[copy store|copy]], connecting
+a thusly sized [[zero store]] through the [[copy store]], connecting
 that to the `ramdisk0` node, create a `ext2` filesystem on it, and replace the
 translator running on the `ramdisk0` node with a instance of the [[`ext2fs`
 translator|translator/ext2fs]] running on the same node ([[translator
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/file_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/file_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e9f6822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/file_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file store: use a file as a kind of block device"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/gunzip_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/gunzip_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25fca4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/gunzip_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="gunzip store: gunzip data on the fly"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/ileave_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/ileave_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29b51b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/ileave_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="ileave store: interleave store (striping)"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/nbd_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/nbd_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5874b162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/nbd_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="nbd store: Linux-compatible network block device"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/query_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/query_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ebf8e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/query_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="query store"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/remap_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/remap_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..158ffe95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/remap_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="remap store"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/task_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/task_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4426639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/task_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="task store: Mach task store backend"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/typed_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/typed_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e71ff67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/typed_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="typed store: chainable stores"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/url_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/url_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17a24e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/url_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="url store: typed store with URL syntax"]]
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..120847ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="zero store: empty block device"]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f90c5b8e926cad2bd21e93c523be5a1776e11796 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 10:49:07 +0200
Subject: Text from a 2000-12-21 email by Roland McGrath.

Message-Id: <200012210724.eBL7OHv09671@neuralgia.linnaean.org>
---
 hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn | 13 ++++++++++++-
 hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn |  9 ++++++++-
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
index 808470ec..c0a25d7d 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -10,3 +10,14 @@ is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="copy store: copy-on-write; discard changes on termination"]]
+
+A *copy* store is meaningful only with respect to a child store.  What a *copy*
+store does is to read the child store's entire contents into memory at startup
+time and then use that buffer as the contents of the store thereafter.  (The
+code for this is in `libstore/copy.c`.)
+
+Because of how the interfaces are specified, reading the entire contents of a
+[[*zero* store|zero store]] in fact means just `vm_allocate`ing fresh memory.
+So, a *copy* store based on a [[*zero* store|zero store]] is just what you'd
+get from `vm_allocate`ing some memory and passing it into
+`store_buffer_create`.
diff --git a/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn
index 120847ba..4c53ab56 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore/zero_store.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -10,3 +10,10 @@ is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="zero store: empty block device"]]
+
+A *zero* store is what `/dev/zero` is (always reads zeros), the setting on
+`/dev/zero` gives no name (i.e. size) and the default size is the maximum
+possible.  The only meaning of the size of a *zero* is what `st_size` will
+report and what offsets it will let you try to read or write from--there is
+never any data associated with a *zero* store.  (The code for this is in
+`libstore/zero.c`.)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5aae137f78df26301ac32e7ff88d87428d32f5ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2009 10:50:53 +0200
Subject: Link to the ramdisk example.

---
 hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
index c0a25d7d..5df5d220 100644
--- a/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libstore/copy_store.mdwn
@@ -21,3 +21,5 @@ Because of how the interfaces are specified, reading the entire contents of a
 So, a *copy* store based on a [[*zero* store|zero store]] is just what you'd
 get from `vm_allocate`ing some memory and passing it into
 `store_buffer_create`.
+
+See a [[ramdisk example|examples/ramdisk]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From aff2ee0ca339a595933ca515d467286638d789c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2009 15:10:06 +0200
Subject: reordering can not be done with existing APIs, since they've already
 been compiled on other systems

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index 7dea771d..1beb53a0 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -175,9 +175,7 @@ members of type `cc_tsi` and finaly 2 members of type `speed_ts`.
 
 As you can see, this limits the number of kinds of members to 3, and in
 addition to that (see the bitfield described in `ioctls.h`), the third
-kind of member is limited to 3 members.  However, since at the API
-compatibility layer you are generally allowed to reorder fields in
-structures, you can usually manage to fit into these limits.
+kind of member is limited to 3 members.
 
 Note: if a field member is a pointer, then the ioctl can't be expressed
 this way, and that makes sense, since the server you're talking to
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a2af30751d44acee179593e7ac4c4a5c25724225 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <Thomas Schwinge schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2009 15:20:47 +0200
Subject: Link to the HurdFr liste des travaux de packaging.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 3d25b4b9..10ee4c5c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ the list below or in the [Alioth task
 tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/pm/task.php?group_project_id=34&group_id=30628&func=browse)
 so other people do not do duplicated work.
 
+Also, the [[community/HurdFr]] guys maintain their own [liste des travaux de
+packaging](http://wiki.hurdfr.org/index.php/Liste_des_travaux_de_packaging).
+
 Aside from the Alioth task tracker, here is a list of some packages (the
 important ones, as they're, e.g., blocking other packages from being built)
 that need someone to work on them.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 45330a4073852117efcc7fba1608d6bf169dfe2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <Thomas Schwinge schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2009 16:26:01 +0200
Subject: Link to Linux unionfs page.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 8a29d0f7..b73d9d8e 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -15,3 +15,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 # `stowfs`
 
 ... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
+
+
+# External Links
+
+  * [*Unioning file systems for Linux*](http://valerieaurora.org/union/)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0702126f2c5d233ed4ed6b188f40472521a991c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <Thomas Schwinge schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2009 16:33:08 +0200
Subject: Say why having a tmpfs is worthwhile.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
index abd47c96..0179ad6c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -13,7 +14,13 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 It is based on [[libdiskfs]].
 
-It's not working correctly at the moment.
+Even though there are other possibilities of creating a
+[[libstore/examples/ramdisk]] and running a regular, for example, [[`ext2` file
+system|ext2fs]] on it, having a real `tmpfs` is better, as it need not deal
+with the additional block-level indirection layer that `ext2` (or any other
+disk-based file system) imposes.
+
+However, `tmpfs` is not working correctly at the moment:
 
 [[!inline
 pages="hurd/translator/tmpfs/*"
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2f25324f48d9651007776ddd2a219161d23bebeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <Thomas Schwinge schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sat, 23 May 2009 16:36:42 +0200
Subject: Tag tmpfs issue pages as open_issue_hurd.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn    | 5 ++++-
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
index b36fc1aa..fa3eeac2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_bing.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,6 +9,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
 1. to run tmpfs as a regular user, /servers/default-pager must be executable by
     that user.  by default it seems to be set to read/write.
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index 3ec649e5..01dc87d2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
     <antrik> hde: what's the status on tmpfs?
     <hde> Broke
     <hde> k0ro traced the errors like the assert show above to a pager problem.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4eacaa4eaf3c3eaf2e1037a8e4d086138685bd5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2009 17:58:06 +0200
Subject: explain a bit more about ioctl numbers

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 15 +++++++++------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index 1beb53a0..5fd66292 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -170,12 +170,15 @@ This comes from ioctls.  Fixing this is easy if the structure members can be exp
 `#define _IOT_termios /* Hurd ioctl type field.  */ \
   _IOT (_IOTS (tcflag_t), 4, _IOTS (cc_t), NCCS, _IOTS (speed_t), 2)`
 
-because `struct termios` holds 4 members of type `tcflag_ts`, then `NCCS`
-members of type `cc_tsi` and finaly 2 members of type `speed_ts`.
-
-As you can see, this limits the number of kinds of members to 3, and in
-addition to that (see the bitfield described in `ioctls.h`), the third
-kind of member is limited to 3 members.
+The rationale behind is that on the Hurd ioctl numbers actually encode how the
+data should be transferred via RPC: here `struct termios` holds 4 members of
+type `tcflag_ts`, then `NCCS` members of type `cc_tsi` and finaly 2 members of
+type `speed_ts`, so the RPC mecanism will know how to transfer them.
+
+As you can see, this limits the number of contiguous kinds of members to 3, and
+in addition to that (see the bitfield described in `ioctls.h`), the third kind
+of member is limited to 3 members.  This is a design limitation, there is no way
+to overcome it at the moment.
 
 Note: if a field member is a pointer, then the ioctl can't be expressed
 this way, and that makes sense, since the server you're talking to
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b0ced5de98b6edef97c3aed76c234c290d8fc9f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: scolobb <scolobb@web>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2009 21:17:03 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
index fef6a8ef..a2bf47ee 100644
--- a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ result. Therefore, it is not quite right to perceive *libnetfs* nodes
 as filesystem nodes. Instead, the focus of attention should stay upon
 light nodes.
 
-##How It Wors: A More Verbose Description
+##How It Works: A More Verbose Description
 
 At first let us see how the a *libnetfs*-based translator responds to
 lookup requests. At the beginning the *netfs_attempt_lookup* callback
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b9344bc9677df69de86607f8444abb0602726257 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 29 May 2009 17:18:55 +0200
Subject: community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount -> hurd/translator/unionmount

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn | 60 ----------------------------
 hurd/translator.mdwn                         |  1 +
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn                 |  3 ++
 hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn              | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 47a3d85d..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/unionmount.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Union Mounts"]]
-
-When setting a translator on Hurd -- similar to mounting a file system on UNIX
--- the new node(s) exported by the translator are obscuring the original node
-where the translator is set, and any nodes below it in the directory tree. The
-translator itself can access the underlying node (which is a very nice feature,
-as it allows translators presenting the contents of the node in a different
-format); but it's no longer accessible from the "outside".
-
-Plan9 has a feature where a file system can be mounted in union mode: the new
-file system doesn't obscure the mount point in this case, but instead the
-contents are combined. (This feature has also been under discussion in Linux
-for a couple of years now, under the label "VFS-based union mounts".)
-
-This kind of union mounts is generally useful, as it's sometimes more
-convenient than unioning existing filesystem locations with unionfs -- it's not
-necessary to mount a file system that is to be unioned at some external
-location first: just union-mount it directly at the target location.
-
-But union mounts also allow creating passive translator hierarchies: If there
-is a passive translator on a parent node, and further passive translators on
-child nodes, the union mount allows the child nodes with the further translator
-settings still to be visible after the parent translator has started.
-
-This could be useful for device nodes for example: let's say we have an
-ethernet multiplexer at /dev/veth. Now the virtual subnodes could all be
-directly under /dev, i.e. /dev/veth0, /dev/veth1 etc., and explicitely refer to
-the main /dev/veth node in the translator command line. It would be more
-elegant however to store the virtual nodes direcly below the main multiplexer
-node -- /dev/veth/0, /dev/veth/1 etc.
-
-There are two possible approaches how union mounts could be implemented in the
-Hurd. The first one is to let the various translators handle union mounts
-internally, i.e. let them present the underlying nodes to the clients in
-addition to the actual nodes they export themselfs. This probably can be
-implemented as some kind of extension to the existing netfs and diskfs
-libraries.
-
-The other possible apporach is less efficient and probably more tricky, but
-probably also more generic: create a special unionmount translator, which
-serves as a kind of proxy: setting the union-mounted translator on some
-internal node; and at the actual mount location, presenting a union of the
-nodes exported by this translator, and the nodes from the underlying file
-system.
-
-The goal of this project is implementing union mounts using either of the
-approaches described above. (Though it might be useful initially to prototype
-both for comparision.) The ethernet multiplexer shall serve as an example use
-case -- any changes necessary to allow using it with the union mount
-functionality are also to be considered part of the task.
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 8f2f07b4..5c14cfa9 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ available.
 * [[cvsfs]]
 * [[tmpfs]]
 * [[procfs]]
+* [[unionmount]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index b73d9d8e..6f845102 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 ... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
 
+# See Also
+
+  * [[unionmount]]
 
 # External Links
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47a3d85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Union Mounts"]]
+
+When setting a translator on Hurd -- similar to mounting a file system on UNIX
+-- the new node(s) exported by the translator are obscuring the original node
+where the translator is set, and any nodes below it in the directory tree. The
+translator itself can access the underlying node (which is a very nice feature,
+as it allows translators presenting the contents of the node in a different
+format); but it's no longer accessible from the "outside".
+
+Plan9 has a feature where a file system can be mounted in union mode: the new
+file system doesn't obscure the mount point in this case, but instead the
+contents are combined. (This feature has also been under discussion in Linux
+for a couple of years now, under the label "VFS-based union mounts".)
+
+This kind of union mounts is generally useful, as it's sometimes more
+convenient than unioning existing filesystem locations with unionfs -- it's not
+necessary to mount a file system that is to be unioned at some external
+location first: just union-mount it directly at the target location.
+
+But union mounts also allow creating passive translator hierarchies: If there
+is a passive translator on a parent node, and further passive translators on
+child nodes, the union mount allows the child nodes with the further translator
+settings still to be visible after the parent translator has started.
+
+This could be useful for device nodes for example: let's say we have an
+ethernet multiplexer at /dev/veth. Now the virtual subnodes could all be
+directly under /dev, i.e. /dev/veth0, /dev/veth1 etc., and explicitely refer to
+the main /dev/veth node in the translator command line. It would be more
+elegant however to store the virtual nodes direcly below the main multiplexer
+node -- /dev/veth/0, /dev/veth/1 etc.
+
+There are two possible approaches how union mounts could be implemented in the
+Hurd. The first one is to let the various translators handle union mounts
+internally, i.e. let them present the underlying nodes to the clients in
+addition to the actual nodes they export themselfs. This probably can be
+implemented as some kind of extension to the existing netfs and diskfs
+libraries.
+
+The other possible apporach is less efficient and probably more tricky, but
+probably also more generic: create a special unionmount translator, which
+serves as a kind of proxy: setting the union-mounted translator on some
+internal node; and at the actual mount location, presenting a union of the
+nodes exported by this translator, and the nodes from the underlying file
+system.
+
+The goal of this project is implementing union mounts using either of the
+approaches described above. (Though it might be useful initially to prototype
+both for comparision.) The ethernet multiplexer shall serve as an example use
+case -- any changes necessary to allow using it with the union mount
+functionality are also to be considered part of the task.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0075616fc22070b55573da056d0fc6ea42024c63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:02:28 +0200
Subject: Updated the Gentoo GNU/Hurd state, removed Bee and cleaned up the
 dsitrib page a bit.

---
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn |  9 ++++++++-
 hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn  | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index bbf0a380..229e2d8f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
+Working distributions of GNU/Hurd: 
+
 * [[Debian]]
+
+GNU/Hurd distributions in early stages of development: 
+
 * [[Gentoo]]
-* [[Bee]]
 * [[GNU]]
 
+<!-- Bee GNU/Hurd doesn't seem to exist anymore. 
+* [[Bee]]
+-->
 
 # Issues
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
index 89d5d9cf..2a979f41 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
@@ -3,6 +3,32 @@
 Unofficial port to Gentoo and the portage system. It was
 [announced](http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=41939&amp;postdays=0&amp;postorder=asc&amp;start=0)
 March 17, 2003 in the Gentoo forums.  There's a #gentoo-irc channel similar to
-[[IRC]].  At present (May 2005), there's no activity and Eric Olinger has not
-the time to maintain this distri.
+[[IRC]].  
 
+### State of the GGH, 2009-05
+
+> *Did you work a bit more on the Gentoo GNU/Hurd?*
+
+I tried to resume my work 3-4 months ago but I found some problems with
+portage and python functions not implemented on Hurd so I stopped. I think
+that back in 2006 with portage 2.0.54 those functiones weren't necessary.
+
+> *And do you have some information which might help others advance what you began?*
+
+I just have all the ebuilds and binary packages I merged online on
+[http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/portage](http://www.mundurat.net/ggh/portage). 
+
+To continue my work just take a Debian/Hurd and install portage by hand.
+
+Once there take the profile and start bootstraping portage and all the
+ebuild it needs (patch, python, bzip2...).
+
+The major problems are:
+
+- combine the perfect gcc/binutils/glibc/gnumach/hurd and to be able to boot
+- lack of development on gnumach/hurd and current 'degraded' status.
+
+I don't think I can help much right now, but if you have any other
+question just write me.
+
+MiKeL
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bc6b7ab79b0039dbc7806f0a38f54314405ecba0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:04:49 +0200
Subject: debian distro: Put the link to the official site at the head of the
 list.

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index 82d84bbe..dbd7d035 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 [[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
 
+- Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
+
 - Debian [[FAQ]] -- Frequently Asked Questions
 - [[After_install]] -- Do this to get networking, new console and X
 - [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
@@ -8,7 +10,6 @@
 - [[Porting]] -- Helping with porting packages
       * [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
 
-- Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
 - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install)
   - [Upgrading K11 or K14 based systems to
     unstable](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00007.html)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3281cbe45bb9309ca8a3d50a8e675500050ac7de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:09:59 +0200
Subject: debian distro: added headings.

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 25 ++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index dbd7d035..bf217403 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -1,17 +1,28 @@
 [[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
 
+## Debian Resources
+
 - Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
 
 - Debian [[FAQ]] -- Frequently Asked Questions
-- [[After_install]] -- Do this to get networking, new console and X
-- [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
-  *Debian GNU/Hurd* by [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe
-- [[Status]]
-- [[Porting]] -- Helping with porting packages
-      * [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
+
+## Installing
 
 - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install)
   - [Upgrading K11 or K14 based systems to
     unstable](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00007.html)
-- [Archive Qualification](http://wiki.debian.org/ArchiveQualification/hurd-i386)
+- [[After_install]] -- Do this to get networking, new console and X
+
+## Contributing
+
+- [[Porting]] -- Helping with porting packages
+      * [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
 - [[Creating_image_tarball]]
+
+## Additional Information
+
+- [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
+  *Debian GNU/Hurd* by [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe
+- [[Status]]
+- [Archive Qualification](http://wiki.debian.org/ArchiveQualification/hurd-i386)
+
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6b7cb4dbb2aa81685f93f1abb9be5251dccf1443 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:10:47 +0200
Subject: debian distro: smaller headings.

---
 hurd/running/debian.mdwn | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
index bf217403..97d35bd7 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 [[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd"]]
 
-## Debian Resources
+### Debian Resources
 
 - Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/)
 
 - Debian [[FAQ]] -- Frequently Asked Questions
 
-## Installing
+### Installing
 
 - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install)
   - [Upgrading K11 or K14 based systems to
     unstable](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00007.html)
 - [[After_install]] -- Do this to get networking, new console and X
 
-## Contributing
+### Contributing
 
 - [[Porting]] -- Helping with porting packages
       * [[Patch_submission]] -- How to submit patches for build failures
 - [[Creating_image_tarball]]
 
-## Additional Information
+### Additional Information
 
 - [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/)
   *Debian GNU/Hurd* by [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f2e3d602c3987cb00f044ce9af56beb6a9c32bb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:23:24 +0200
Subject: ways to run a GNU/HUrd system: polishing.

---
 hurd/running.mdwn                       | 2 ++
 index.mdwn                              | 8 ++++++--
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 95dc024a..470b5f0b 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+There are several different ways to run a GNU/Hurd system: 
+
 * [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd
 * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen
 * [[Live_CD]]
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 960300c8..35d15ad5 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -73,10 +73,14 @@ The most functional distribution of the Hurd is the one provided by Debian.
 Find more information about it at the
 [Debian GNU/Hurd website](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install).
 
-There are [[various_possibilities|hurd/running]] of running a GNU/Hurd system.
+There are [[various_possibilities|hurd/running]] of running a GNU/Hurd system. Some are
+
+* installing a [[GNU/Hurd_distribution|hurd/running/distrib]], 
+* running it [[in_Xen|microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen]] and 
+* starting a [[qemu_image|hurd/running/qemu]] or [[LiveCD|hurd/running/live_cd/]].
 
 And these web pages are a living proof of the usability of the Hurd, as they
-are rendered on a Debian GNU/Hurd system.
+are rendered on a [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] system.
 
 
 ## Current Status
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
index a4c27c6a..c544fd57 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen.mdwn
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ You can either get binaries at <http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/hurd-xen/> or bu
 
 ## GNU/Hurd system
 
-/!\ You need an already installed GNU/Hurd system.
+/!\ You need an already installed [[GNU/Hurd_system|hurd/running]].
 
 If you have a free partition, you can fdisk to type 0x83, create a filesystem using:
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a38d0ebac5d39f2c18b180f2ab76a0afc9a15f83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:53:06 +0200
Subject: Added information about the babhurd qemu image with the translator
 intro.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn               |  4 ++-
 hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 661084d3..a8049baf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
 
 * [Disk image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) 
   with a short intro on translators. Just start it with 'qemu *disk_image.img*'. 
-  It should work without any of the configuration below. when you use it, please [tell me your experience with it](http://draketo.de/contact)! - [[community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
+  It should work without any of the configuration below. If you want to know what you can do 
+  with it, please have a look at [[its_wikipage|hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image]]. And when 
+  you use it, please [tell me your experience with it](http://draketo.de/contact)! - [[community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
 
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e13621cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+What this little Hurd image can do
+----------------------------------
+
+### About this text
+
+This is the README file accompanying a 
+[disk_image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) for 
+[[running_the_GNU/Hurd_via_qemu|hurd/running/qemu]]. To run the disk image, just use *'qemu 
+disk_image.img'*. 
+
+You can find the custom *.bashrc* used to tell the user about it as well as this text itself 
+in the Mercurial repository [hurd_intro](http://bitbucket.org/ArneBab/hurd_intro). 
+
+### Intro
+
+The Hurd has some unique capabilities, and we created this simple image 
+to enable you to easily try two of them: 
+
+* The simplest of translators: Hello World!
+* Transparent FTP
+
+### Hello World
+
+To try out the simplest of translators, you can go the following simple steps: 
+
+$ cat hello
+$ setrans hello /hurd/hello
+$ cat hello
+"Hello World!"
+$ settrans -g hello
+$ cat hello
+
+What you do with these steps is first verifying that the file "hello" is empty. 
+
+Then you setup the translator /hurd/hello in the file/node hello. 
+
+After that you check the contents of the file, and the translator returns "Hello World!". 
+
+To finish it, you tell the translator to go away from the file "hello" via "settrans -g hello" and verify that now the file is empty again. 
+
+### Transparent FTP
+
+We already setup a a transparent FTP translator for you at /ftp: 
+
+With it you can easily access public FTP via the file system, for example the one from the free university of Berlin: 
+
+$ ls /ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
+
+But you can also do this very easily yourself: 
+
+$ # Setup the translator on the node ftp:
+$ settrans -c ftp: /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /
+
+and you can access FTP sites via the pseudo-directory ftp:, for example with 
+
+$ ls ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
+
+What you do here is setting up the translator /hurd/hostmux on ftp: and passing it the translator /hurd/ftpfs to use for resolving accesses as well as / as additional path component. 
+
+
+These were only two basic usages of translators on the Hurd. We're sure you'll quickly see many other ways to use this. 
+
+As a last comment: You can setup a translator on any node you have access to, so you can for example mount any filesystems as normal user. 
+
+You might currently be logged in as root, but you could just as well do the same as normal user. 
+
+Why don't you try it out? 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2b2ebafeb72ac5e87468b2292920ec291cd28dc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:57:37 +0200
Subject: polishing.

---
 hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
index e13621cb..6932a737 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ to enable you to easily try two of them:
 
 To try out the simplest of translators, you can go the following simple steps: 
 
-$ cat hello
-$ setrans hello /hurd/hello
-$ cat hello
-"Hello World!"
-$ settrans -g hello
-$ cat hello
+	$ cat hello  
+	$ setrans hello /hurd/hello  
+	$ cat hello  
+	"Hello World!"  
+	$ settrans -g hello  
+	$ cat hello  
 
 What you do with these steps is first verifying that the file "hello" is empty. 
 
@@ -42,18 +42,18 @@ To finish it, you tell the translator to go away from the file "hello" via "sett
 
 We already setup a a transparent FTP translator for you at /ftp: 
 
-With it you can easily access public FTP via the file system, for example the one from the free university of Berlin: 
+With it you can easily access public FTP via the file system, for example the one from the GNU project: 
 
-$ ls /ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
+	$ ls /ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
 
 But you can also do this very easily yourself: 
 
-$ # Setup the translator on the node ftp:
-$ settrans -c ftp: /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /
+	$ # Setup the translator on the node ftp:  
+	$ settrans -c ftp: /hurd/hostmux /hurd/ftpfs /
 
 and you can access FTP sites via the pseudo-directory ftp:, for example with 
 
-$ ls ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
+	$ ls ftp://ftp.gnu.org/
 
 What you do here is setting up the translator /hurd/hostmux on ftp: and passing it the translator /hurd/ftpfs to use for resolving accesses as well as / as additional path component. 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9e0b39a36911da5e303a7ad2ccc80eb5d1716202 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:59:32 +0200
Subject: polishing.

---
 hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
index 6932a737..c0952fcf 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ What this little Hurd image can do
 ### About this text
 
 This is the README file accompanying a 
-[disk_image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) for 
+[disk\_image](http://draketo.de/dateien/hurd/bab-hurd-qemu-2008-10-29.img.tar.bz2) for 
 [[running_the_GNU/Hurd_via_qemu|hurd/running/qemu]]. To run the disk image, just use *'qemu 
 disk_image.img'*. 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 57802d1b976657caaab23c2683f3fe74df78e5ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 16:05:02 +0200
Subject: polishing.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index a8049baf..28d49429 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ This page discusses things for [[Unix]] systems, there is a separate page for
 
 # Readily Available Images
 
-[Official Debian GNU/Hurd QEMU
-image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz)
+* [Official Debian GNU/Hurd QEMU image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz)
 
 (!) Note that the following are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
 volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 49a4a4c81e1c85d88dc6185b84a0ca4f12d37a1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 16:06:28 +0200
Subject: polishing.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 28d49429..a059f3b1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ This page discusses things for [[Unix]] systems, there is a separate page for
 
 # Readily Available Images
 
+To try out the Hurd you can use the image of the Debian GNU/Hurd: 
+
 * [Official Debian GNU/Hurd QEMU image](http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/K16/debian-hurd-k16-qemu.img.tar.gz)
 
 (!) Note that the following are unofficial images: they have been prepared by
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0a5c4dc01a5b771fbf56f617d648d7a658ff7c64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 11:29:05 +0200
Subject: Added a comment to wishlist 2.

---
 hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn b/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
index 3ea68999..a927db55 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ Here's an [idea](http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/fusd/docs/node13.html
 
 Am I off my rocker, or does an IMAP/POP translator sound like a good idea? It would make your remote mail servers look like local ones. Or what about a translator that makes a mbox format mail spool look like a directory. Can anyone think of a good use for an SMTP translator?
 
+*Definitely: Copy my email in there to send it.* -- [[ArneBab|community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
+
 ## <a name="UUEncode"> </a> UUEncode
 
 How about a UUEncode translator for those places you can only store ASCII. Combine this with a NNTP translator and store your data in someone's Usenet archive. Or since, (as far as I know), there are no size limitations on file names in the Hurd, why not have a filesystem translator whose underlying store is a file name. (Now ls becomes cat).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fb101cb1c9d20138da1e6fc060c33a89b08c786e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 19:37:55 +0200
Subject: Fix a link.

---
 hurd/history.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
index 18a1506f..02316f69 100644
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/history.mdwn
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ full functionality.  Later we hope to have a modular emulator divided
 into multiple processes.  [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
 </BLOCKQUOTE>
 
-RMS explains the relationship between the [[documentation/Hurd_and_Linux]], where he mentions
+RMS explains the relationship between [[the Hurd and
+Linux|documentation/hurd-and-linux]], where he mentions
 that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990.  As of [Gnusletter,
 Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ad3b443209dc7f62b5fe1d2e82ad5bb8d97947d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 19:49:16 +0200
Subject: Move back the history page to its original location.

Suggested by RMS via Rob Myers, the chief GNU webmaster.
---
 contributing.mdwn            |   2 +-
 history.mdwn                 |  92 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-announce        |  47 +++++++++++++
 history/hurd-announce2       | 143 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash           |  22 +++++++
 history/hurd-flash10         |  25 +++++++
 history/hurd-flash11         |  25 +++++++
 history/hurd-flash12         |  76 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash13         | 120 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash14         |  62 ++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash15         |  60 +++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash2          | 152 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash3          |  77 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash4          | 101 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash5          |  23 +++++++
 history/hurd-flash6          |  46 +++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash7          |  17 +++++
 history/hurd-flash8          |  73 +++++++++++++++++++++
 history/hurd-flash9          |  39 +++++++++++
 history/port_to_l4.mdwn      | 102 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd-l4.mdwn                 |   2 +-
 hurd/history.mdwn            |  92 --------------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-announce   |  47 -------------
 hurd/history/hurd-announce2  | 143 ----------------------------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash      |  22 -------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash10    |  25 -------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash11    |  25 -------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash12    |  76 ----------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash13    | 120 ----------------------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash14    |  62 ------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash15    |  60 -----------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash2     | 152 -------------------------------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash3     |  77 ----------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash4     | 101 ----------------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash5     |  23 -------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash6     |  46 -------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash7     |  17 -----
 hurd/history/hurd-flash8     |  73 ---------------------
 hurd/history/hurd-flash9     |  39 -----------
 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn | 102 -----------------------------
 40 files changed, 1304 insertions(+), 1304 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 history.mdwn
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-announce
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-announce2
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash10
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash11
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash12
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash13
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash14
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash15
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash2
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash3
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash4
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash5
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash6
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash7
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash8
 create mode 100644 history/hurd-flash9
 create mode 100644 history/port_to_l4.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-announce
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-announce2
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash10
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash11
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash12
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash13
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash14
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash15
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash2
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash3
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash4
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash5
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash6
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash7
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash8
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/hurd-flash9
 delete mode 100644 hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn
index 9e2396cf..a5b3a34e 100644
--- a/contributing.mdwn
+++ b/contributing.mdwn
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ For one there's the implementation of the *[[Hurd]] running on the
 meant when people are talking about GNU/Hurd systems.
 
 This system has mostly been designed and implemented
-[[in_the_'90s|hurd/history]].  It works and is usable.
+[[in the '90s|history]].  It works and is usable.
 For example, these web pages are rendered on a [GNU/Hurd
 system](http://www.bddebian.com/cgi-bin/uptime).
 
diff --git a/history.mdwn b/history.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..927482d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
+complete free operating system.  In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
+mentioned that there is a primitive kernel.  In the first GNUsletter,
+Feb. 1986, he says that GNU's kernel is TRIX, which was developed at
+the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
+
+By December of 1986, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) had "started
+working on the changes needed to TRIX" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1987].
+Shortly thereafter, the FSF began "negotiating with Professor Rashid
+of Carnegie-Mellon University about working with them on the
+development of the Mach kernel" [Gnusletter, June, 1987].  The text
+implies that the FSF wanted to use someone else's work, rather than
+have to fix TRIX.
+
+In [Gnusletter, Feb. 1988], RMS was talking about taking Mach and
+putting the Berkeley Sprite filesystem on top of it, "after the parts
+of Berkeley Unix... have been replaced."
+
+Six months later, the FSF is saying that "if we can't get Mach, we'll
+use TRIX or Berkeley's Sprite."  Here, they present Sprite as a
+full-kernel option, rather than just a filesystem.
+
+In January, 1990, they say "we aren't doing any kernel work.  It does
+not make sense for us to start a kernel project now, when we still
+hope to use Mach" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1990].  Nothing significant occurs
+until 1991, when a more detailed plan is announced:
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+We are still interested in a multi-process kernel running on top of
+Mach.  The CMU lawyers are currently deciding if they can release Mach
+with distribution conditions that will enable us to distribute it.  If
+they decide to do so, then we will probably start work.  CMU has
+available under the same terms as Mach a single-server partial Unix
+emulator named Poe; it is rather slow and provides minimal
+functionality.  We would probably begin by extending Poe to provide
+full functionality.  Later we hope to have a modular emulator divided
+into multiple processes.  [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+RMS explains the relationship between [[the Hurd and
+Linux|hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux]], where he mentions
+that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990.  As of [Gnusletter,
+Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
+
+---
+
+# Announcements
+
+These are all the announcements made over the years. Most of them were
+either sent to the <A HREF="news:gnu.announce">gnu.announce</A> news group or Hurd interest
+mailing lists.
+
+  * [[hurd-flash15]] -- Release 0.2 announcement (complete GNU system)
+  * [[hurd-flash14]] -- Release 0.2 announcement (Hurd)
+  * [[hurd-flash13]] -- Test release announcement (Aug 96)
+  * [[hurd-flash12]] -- Test release status (Jul 96)
+  * [[hurd-flash11]] -- Binary image available, Apr 96
+    This and [NetBSD](http://www.netbsd.org/) boot flopies should be enough to
+    get a working GNU/Hurd system!
+  * [[hurd-flash10]] -- New Snapshot, Apr 96 -- NFS and lots else works!
+  * [[hurd-flash9]] -- News Flash, Nov 95 -- ftp works!
+  * [[hurd-flash8]] -- New Snapshot, Jul 95 -- ext2fs support
+  * [[hurd-flash7]] -- New Snapshot, Apr 95
+  * [[hurd-flash6]] -- News flash, Nov 94
+  * [[hurd-flash5]] -- News flash, Sep 94 -- gcc runs!
+  * [[hurd-flash4]] -- News flash, Aug 94
+  * [[hurd-flash3]] -- News flash, Jul 94 -- emacs runs!
+  * [[hurd-flash2]] -- News flash, May 94
+  * [[hurd-flash]] -- News flash, Apr 94 -- it boots!
+  * [[hurd-announce2]] -- GNU Hurd announcement, Nov 93
+  * [[hurd-announce]] -- GNU Hurd announcement, May 91
+
+---
+
+  * [History
+    1997-2003](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html)
+    -- personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
+
+---
+
+  * [[Port_to_L4]]
diff --git a/history/hurd-announce b/history/hurd-announce
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f165ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-announce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+From mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU Tue May  7 12:07:53 1991
+From: mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU
+Newsgroups: gnu.announce
+Subject: FSF work on a GNU OS
+Date: 6 May 91 22:15:22 GMT
+Reply-To: mib@prep.ai.mit.edu
+Distribution: gnu
+Organization: GNUs Not Usenet
+
+The Free Software Foundation is beginning work on a GNU operating
+system built on top of the Mach 3.0 microkernel.  There are three
+goals to this project worth noting:
+
+o Binary compatability with 4.4 BSD, and other U*x or U*xish systems
+  on other hardware where appropriate, convenient, and consistent with
+  the design;
+
+o Posix compliance (in combination with the GNU C Library and the GNU
+  C Compiler); and
+
+o Ease of use as well as several new features and functionality.
+
+
+I am interested in constructive criticism on the interfaces, design,
+and implementation from experts in the field of OS research and design
+consistent with the above goals.  Advice from seasoned U*x hackers is
+especially welcome.
+
+We have a mailing list for discussion.  Currently there is little
+discussion on the group; the major contributors to the ideas behind
+the design all live in the Boston area at this point, and work has
+been done via face-to-face communication.  I would like to open the
+field of discussion to a broader base, both to get wider dissemination
+of the ideas behind the current design, as well as to get a greater
+breadth of criticism.  Periodic postings are currently made to the
+mailing list containing a snapshot of the interfaces used by the
+various pieces of the system.  I would like to see discussion as well;
+perhaps we need a critical mass to get this.
+
+Interested individuals should send me email.  I don't regularly read
+the newsgroups to which this message is posted.
+
+
+[U*x is an abbreviation for a well-known trademark of AT&T.  :-)]
+
+	-mib
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-announce2 b/history/hurd-announce2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dce41c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-announce2
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+From mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu Wed Nov  3 21:51:03 1993
+Path: usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!ogicse!emory!nigel.msen.com!sdd.hp.com!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!spool.mu.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!prep.ai.mit.edu!gnulists
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Newsgroups: gnu.announce,gnu.misc.discuss
+Subject: Hurd status and call for volunteers
+Message-ID: <9311020719.AA02206@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+Date: 1 Nov 93 21:19:05 GMT
+Article-I.D.: geech.9311020719.AA02206
+Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
+Distribution: world
+Lines: 124
+Approved: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+X-Shopping-List: 
+   (1) Chaotic casino griddles (2) Cervical congestion (3) Neoclassical
+   consoles
+Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.announce:160 gnu.misc.discuss:3985
+
+This message to help sate curiosity, as well as to ask for volunteers.
+Until we are ready for alpha test, this is the last such message that
+will be posted here.  If you want to receive further such messages,
+send mail to hurd-ann-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu and ask to be put on that
+(moderated) announcements list.
+
+
+What is already done with the Hurd:
+
+The filesystem is complete; it runs (read-only), and most of its calls
+have been tested and work.  The filesystem is able to download
+programs, by a kludge similar to the kludge used to enable the kernel
+to download the first task.  In the actual bootstap sequence, it will
+download the execserver.
+
+The proc and auth servers are completed; the exec server is nearly
+complete (for a.out, not for bfd).  
+
+C library support for Mach and Hurd rpc stubs, and some of the mach
+and hurd specific code, is done.  Much untested and probably wrong
+code has been written to implement Unix "system calls".  A large piece
+of this (the descriptor management code) is believed by Roland to have
+some architectural flaw, but he isn't sure.
+
+Some small filesystem servers (shadow directories, for example) have
+been written, but have not been compiled, let alone tested.
+
+
+There are currently three things happening wrt the Hurd:
+
+I am spending nearly all my time getting things to boot and run.  My
+work is currently directed toward that goal; in the immediate present
+I am working with Roland on getting the library in its near-final
+state (which will last a long time) to make compiling easier.  It is
+because this is nearly done that I can send this message.
+
+Roland is working on the library.  Most of the remaining architectural
+work is done and being tested.  Then Roland will work on integrating
+cthreads (which is mostly busywork), miscellaneous filesystem calls,
+and then file descriptors.  After that comes signals.
+
+Jan Brittenson will be working on the network server library.  This is
+a library that, when linked against a BSD protocol stack, will produce
+a Hurd network server.  (Such a server implements the socket interface
+in socket.defs.)
+
+
+There are four general tasks that can be done by other people:
+
+1. Completing the existing work on the terminal driver.  The existing
+work implements most of the logic you already associate with a Posixy
+terminal driver; it needs the port management and buffering logic
+added.  
+
+2. Writing a readline terminal driver.  We will want, as an
+alternative to the Posixy terminal driver, a readline type terminal
+driver.
+
+3. Writing miscellaneous shell utilities.  Here we need shell
+utilities to create translators, etc.  They should have a nice rich
+set of features to do all kinds of GNU things.  
+
+4. Writing miscellaneous filesystem servers.  Here we need a
+transparent tar server, a transparent FTP server, and the like.
+
+
+Future plans for work to be written by me (once the bootstrap works,
+and in addition to testing library code as Roland finishes it):
+
+o split the existing filesystem into three parts:
+  o a library for port management for complicated multi-threaded
+    servers;
+  o a library for "normal" disk-based filesystems;
+  o ufs specific code.
+
+o Write the PF_FILE socket server (what you know as PF_UNIX).
+
+o Finish the posixy terminal driver if nobody else has.
+
+o Write miscellaneous shell utilities that nobody else has.
+
+o Build a self-hosting system.
+
+
+What you need in order to be able to help now:
+
+o A 386 PC running Mach 3.0.  If you have some other kind of hardware,
+  then you need to port the GNU C library support first.  I'm not
+  entirely sure how much work that involves; you will need to contact
+  Roland.  It might be too much trouble at this point to spend any
+  effort on it.  It's best if it's a machine for which a free port of
+  Mach is available, though you could do useful work even if it's not.
+
+  If you are not currently running Mach 3.0 with somebody's
+  single-server, then it is very unlikely you could help, unless you
+  have a Unix source license.  In that case, you could talk to CMU
+  (write mach@cs.cmu.edu) to find out how to get Mach 3.0 running on
+  your machine.  It is not possible to do development without a Unix
+  emulator of some kind; just bare Mach 3.0 is not sufficient.  I have
+  neither the time nor knowledge to help someone get a 3.0
+  single-server system running.
+
+o Clue.  I don't have enough time to explain operating systems or Unix
+  to people.  You need to have an iron-clad grasp of Unix semantics
+  (specificaly BSD); it's essential that things be exactly right from
+  that standpoint.  It's not enough that you've programmed Unix
+  before; you need to understand all the nits.  However, you may
+  disregard my previous comments about a "two question limit".  You do
+  need the ability to intuit to some extent, however.
+
+o Time.  It's not good for me to delegate a task and then have nothing
+  happen on it.  If you have a full-time job where you can't justify
+  Hurd work as part of your job, you might find that you don't really
+  have as much time as you thought.  Please make sure you really have
+  enough time before volunteering for a task.
+
+o Efficient net access.  Without a real Internet connection (mail only
+  is not sufficient), it will be impossible for you to do development
+  right now.
+
+
+If you think you can help, send me email.  If you don't think you can
+help right now, then don't give up: the list of conditions will change
+as the list of delegatable tasks changes.  
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash b/history/hurd-flash
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1bacc79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Path: gnurd!usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!sgiblab!swrinde!gatech!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!MathWorks.Com!news.kei.com!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!life.ai.mit.edu!mib
+From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach
+Subject: Hurd now bootstraps
+Date: 05 Apr 1994 21:49:50 GMT
+Organization: Free Software Foundation, Cambridge, MA
+Lines: 11
+Message-ID: <MIB.94Apr5174952@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+
+
+The GNU Hurd now bootstraps, successfully starting the core servers
+(the filesystem, exec server, process server, auth server, and init)
+and running the first program.  A snapshot of the code that did this
+is on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the usual place, /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+--
++1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
++1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
+1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
+Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash10 b/history/hurd-flash10
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6d5685b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash10
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 15:28:29 -0400
+Message-Id: <199604151928.PAA00636@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd snapshot available
+X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
++$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
++ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
+X-Tom-Swiftie: "Use the `&' operator to get the address," Tom pointed out.
+Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
+Precedence: bulk
+
+
+I have just cut a new source snapshot.  If things go nicely, a binary
+snapshot may appear soon as well.  You can find this snapshot as
+
+ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap-960415.tar.gz
+
+Many many things work!  Emacs built native and just *went*.  The
+system now works standalone; you can use gdb (it's much nicer than
+other mach-ish gdb's, of course); the network is functional (complete
+with NFS), etc.
+
+Michael
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash11 b/history/hurd-flash11
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57851b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash11
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+From:     Miles Bader <miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Date:     Thu, 18 Apr 1996 19:08:07 -0400
+Subject:  hurd binary image
+
+
+A filesystem image from a working hurd system, corresponding to the latest
+snapshot, is available as:
+
+  ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-image-960418.tar.gz 
+
+The whole tree takes about 37meg (warning -- it unpacks into `.').  Follow
+the instructions in ./INSTALL-binary to make a working hurd system.
+
+Due to a timely trashing of the disk on our main hurd machine, it has been
+verified that it is possible to make a bootable hurd system from scratch
+using this image and a set of netbsd 1.1 boot floppies...
+
+The sources for the mach kernel included in the image are available in the
+same directory as mach4-UK22.tar.gz and mach4-i386-UK22.tar.gz.
+
+-Miles
+-- 
+Miles Bader / miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu / (617) 253-8568
+Amadera e ike!
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash12 b/history/hurd-flash12
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5be9c94e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash12
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
+Subject: Hurd 0.0 release status
+Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
+Date: 13 Jul 1996 23:53:41 GMT
+Organization: Touring Consulting Services
+Lines: 35
+Message-ID: <MIB.96Jul13195341@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+
+
+People are eager to know how close we are to release, so here's an
+update:
+
+There is one rather annoying bug I'd like to find which is causing
+random crashes.  I expect this will not be too hard to locate.  There
+are some more trivial bugs, but the release will not be held up for
+them. 
+
+Forty-three packages of GNU software have been built native.
+Remaining to be built are three packages for which new releases are
+expected soon.
+
+Also remaining to be built native are bash, gdb, mach, the Hurd
+itself, and the internet utilities and daemons.  We intend to sync our
+separate copy of libc source with the libc maintainer, and then build
+it native too.
+
+Because of obnoxious export restrictions, we have still to make
+separate shared libraries for the crypt functions.
+
+Except for the actual final packaging, all the release engineering
+tasks to be done have been completed.
+
+
+To summarize, we still need to:
+
+o Fix one obnoxious bug
+o Compile three packages that are waiting for release;
+o Compile gdb, bash, mach, and hurd native
+o Sync libc source and compile native
+o Deal with crypt shared libraries
+o Final packaging
+
+Michael
+
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
+Subject: Re: Hurd--ne plus ultra of vaporware?
+Date: 17 Jul 1996 03:02:14 GMT
+
+In article <4sg6tp$n4t@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI> torvalds@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI (Linus Torvalds) writes:
+
+   Hey! We could also ask some well-known rock-group for one of their
+   lyrics, and use that as the theme song for the Hurd release.  And then
+   we could ask shops to stay open longer to sell the Hurd! Whaddaya think?
+   Don't say it has been delayed, just shout so loudly about all the new
+   features that nobody cares about the delay?
+
+Perhaps we could get Morrisey to sing the song.  He's very good
+looking.  Much better looking than that Mick Jagger fellow.
+
+Or something delicate, like Bach's French Suite in G.  That would be
+fun.  
+
+In any case, here's the state of the release:
+
+o Everything but nine packages has been compiled native.
+o The random crash bug I alluded to is fixed.
+o We have to build a floppy image for part of the installation instructions.
+
+That's it.  I bet you nobody in Redmond has ever made a statement like
+that...
+
+Michael
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash13 b/history/hurd-flash13
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2de6bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash13
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+Date: Mon, 5 Aug 1996 22:36:31 -0400
+From: thomas@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG)
+To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu, hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: Hurd 0.0 and GNU 0.0 released
+X-Name-Change: My name used to be `Michael'; now it is `Thomas'.
+X-Tom-Swiftie: "I guess I shouldn't have broken the mirror," Tom reflected.
+
+
+
+
+I am pleased to announce version 0.0 of the GNU Hurd, available via
+anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
+/pub/gnu/hurd-0.0.tar.gz (about 1.2 MB compressed).
+
+This file contains complete source code for the following:
+
+Hurd servers: 
+ 
+ auth, crash, devio, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
+ magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
+ ufs.
+
+Hurd libraries: 
+ 
+ diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
+ shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs.
+
+Hurd utilities and other programs: 
+
+ boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
+ storeinfo, login, w, uptime, hurdids, loginpr, sush, vmstat,
+ portinfo, devprobe, reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs,
+ stati.ufs, getty, rc.
+
+
+------
+
+
+In addition, we have prepared a binary distribution of a complete
+version 0.0 GNU system corresponding to this Hurd release.  This
+release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with i[345]86
+processors.
+
+The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
+GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
+components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
+parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
+and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
+system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
+
+This release uses the `UK22' version of the Mach kernel, as
+distributed by the University of Utah.  It is too difficult to prepare
+a detailed list of supported devices at this point.  Common disk
+controllers and ethernet cards are generally supported.
+
+This release does not contain the X Window System.
+
+This release may be fetched by anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu
+[18.159.42] in the directory /pub/gnu/gnu-0.0/.
+
+In that directory, you should find the following files:
+
+ README
+ SOURCES
+ INSTALL-binary
+ grub-boot.image		(about 1.4 MB, not compressed)
+ gnu-0.0.tar.gz			(about 56.9 MB compressed)
+ gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz	(about 26.2 MB compressed)
+
+SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
+binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
+installation instructions for this release.  
+
+(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
+root directory of the gnu-0.0 release.)
+
+gnu-0.0.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
+into a directory that requires approximately 233 MB of disk space.
+
+gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz holds the same contents as gnu-0.0, except
+that executable programs have been stripped to save space, and the
+libraries have had debugging symbols stripped to save space and speed
+linking.  It unpacks into a directory that requires about 85.5 MB of
+disk space.
+
+We recommend using the unstripped image, or you will be unable to
+debug anything.  Surely there are bugs.  So fetch the unstripped
+image, at least to have around.
+
+grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
+in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
+
+The following free software packages are found in this release:
+
+ autoconf, automake, bash, bc, binutils, bison, cpio, cvs, diffutils,
+ doschk, e2fsprogs, ed, emacs, fileutils, findutils, flex, from, gawk,
+ gcal, gcc, gdb, gdbm, gettext, glibc, gmp, gperf, grep, grub, gzip,
+ hello, hurd, indent, inetutils, less, mach, make, m4, miscfiles,
+ ncurses, nethack, nvi, patch, ptx, rcs, readline, recode, sed,
+ serverboot, sharutils, shellutils, tar, termcap, termutils, texinfo,
+ textutils, time, wdiff.
+
+
+------
+
+
+Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
+
+b5f888bab3eb193fe97a00a141324c9d  INSTALL-binary
+345dcd826747d7b11fc78f4db162d75b  README
+1a5744bb4ed3448045fa6d24153d65fe  SOURCES
+f7b1bc428bc4ee29977a5b28f5762092  gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz
+24554c58e5c89f295176e17d21dbae8e  gnu-0.0.tar.gz
+8338c619d860b71bc4128c9c0fd39d63  grub-boot.image
+1fd18ccc4c81d051b83d28b13dc07ee2  hurd-0.0.tar.gz
+
+-----
+
+Br. Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash14 b/history/hurd-flash14
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d67687a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash14
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the GNU Hurd, available via
+anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
+/pub/gnu/hurd-0.2.tar.gz (about 1.37 MB compressed).  
+
+(The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
+GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
+components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
+parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
+and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
+system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.)
+
+This release contains many bug fixes from version 0.1.  Many thanks to
+all the people who are helping find bugs!  
+
+The best way you can help find bugs is to try and compile and use on
+the Hurd as many programs as you can find and find out where bugs
+still exist.  There are also unimplemented features, and your reports
+will help us to prioritize which things we work on.
+
+The system is vastly more reliable than it has been in the past.
+
+One important addition:
+
+  New programs addauth, rmauth, unsu, su, and setauth modify the uid
+  sets of running programs.  Using addauth you can add root to your
+  emacs, write a file, and then use rmauth to take the uid back.  (Of
+  course, passwords are required when necessary.)  New program `ids'
+  will tell you what all the user ids are that a program has.  Note
+  that in the Hurd a program can have several user ids all at once,
+  just like Unix supports having several group ids.  Now that you can
+  dynamically change the ids of running programs, system
+  administration (among other things) becomes much easier.
+
+For more detailed news, see the NEWS file in the distribution.
+
+This release contains complete source code for the following:
+
+Hurd servers: 
+ 
+ auth, crash, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
+ magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
+ ufs, storeio, firmlink.
+
+Hurd libraries: 
+ 
+ diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
+ shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs, hurdbugaddr, ftpconn
+
+Hurd utilities and other programs: 
+
+ boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
+ storeinfo, login, w, uptime, ids, sush, vmstat, portinfo, devprobe,
+ reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs, stati.ufs, getty,
+ rc, e2os, vminfo, nfsd, mail.local, serverboot, MAKEDEV, loginpr,
+ addauth, rmauth, unsu, setauth, ftpcp, ftpdir.
+
+We are also making a complete GNU 0.2 binary release, which will
+include Hurd 0.2, glibc 2.0.4, gnumach 1.1.2, and many other
+programs.  This binary release is announced separately.
+
+
+Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash15 b/history/hurd-flash15
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0785ac59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash15
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the complete Hurd based GNU
+system.  This release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with
+i[3456]86 processors.
+
+The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
+GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
+components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
+parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
+and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
+system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
+
+This release uses the GNUmach distribution of the Mach kernel, version
+1.1.3.  Popular PC devices are generally supported.
+
+This release does not contain the X Window System.
+
+This release may be fetched from the directory
+ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gnu-0.2.  (prep.ai.mit.edu is 18.159.42,
+for the nameserver-impaired).
+
+In that directory, you should find the following files:
+
+README
+SOURCES
+INSTALL-binary
+grub-boot.image			(about 1.5 MB, not compressed)
+gnu-0.2.tar.gz			(about 73 MB compressed)
+
+SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
+binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
+installation instructions for this release.
+
+(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
+root directory of the gnu-0.2 release.)
+
+gnu-0.2.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
+into a directory that requires approximately 285 MB of disk space.
+
+grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
+in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
+
+The following free software packages are included in this release:
+
+autoconf automake bash bc binutils bison cpio cvs diffutils doschk
+e2fsprogs ed emacs emacs lisp manual fileutils findutils flex from g77
+gawk gcal gcc gdb gettext glibc gmp gnuchess gnumach gnugo grep grub
+gzip hello hurd indent inetutils less libg++ lynx m4 make miscfiles
+ncurses nethack nvi patch perl ptx readline rcs recode sed sendmail
+sh-utils sharutils tar termutils texinfo textutils time wdiff
+
+--
+
+Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
+
+3749b016ab581e007b90d17b9092e134  INSTALL-binary
+1f800c326ba4c3a0b3f3a3463597317b  README
+40d1e1a38dd86f28fe2718081ac865cb  SOURCES
+f29c1a03c1667a8019b66f6effa89d39  gnu-0.2.tar.gz
+8ad3c7254802a16068a956e836266212  grub-boot.image
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash2 b/history/hurd-flash2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1d4f66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash2
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach,comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.misc,comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit
+Subject: GNU Hurd Task List and Call for Volunteers
+Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
+Date: 18 May 1994 17:54:47 GMT
+Organization: FOO
+Lines: 140
+Message-ID: <MIB.94May18135447@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.misc.discuss:7630 comp.os.mach:1434 comp.os.linux.d
+evelopment:9867 comp.os.linux.misc:16767 comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit:5854
+
+
+Now that the Hurd can run (albeit haltingly) on its own, it is
+possible for people who do not have Mach 3.0 single-servers to
+contribute without much trouble.  (However, if you don't have a
+single-server, you probably won't be able to use a debugger, but that
+doesn't mean you can't do debugging, right?)
+
+We at the FSF don't have any expertise in setting up Mach 3.0
+machines; the machines that we do development on belong to the Open
+Software Foundation and were set up by them.  So one of the things on
+the task list is to organize things so that people (like us and most
+of you) who don't know how to do it can do it.  It's not impossible to
+figure out, it's just a pain and a marvelous thing for a volunteer to
+do.
+
+You can get Mach 3.0 from CMU; you get the C library and the Hurd from
+us.  You need the soon-to-be-released version 1.07.6 of the C library
+and the latest Hurd snapshot (as well as our special version of MiG)
+from alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
+
+All our work is based upon i386.  The Hurd (except for a few programs;
+see the Hurd README file) is machine independent.  The C library
+should not be too much trouble to port.  Ports and information about
+porting difficulty for either of these are greatly desired.
+
+The Hurd is not yet self-hosting.  While you are welcome to fetch the
+code and put things together, it is not likely that you will have a
+useful system right now.  But you might be able to do significant work
+(see the task list below).  And, even if you can't do significant
+work, I'm interested in hearing about any places where you had
+particular difficulty.
+
+If you want to start on one of these tasks, please let me know so I
+can keep track of volunteers properly.  This task list will be updated
+periodically; gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu always has the latest version.
+
+	-mib
+
+GNU Hurd Task List Version 1.0.
+
+If you would like to work on one of these, please contact mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
+
+
+Mach 3.0 Work
+
+  o Mach 3.0 comes with CMU makefiles that depend on a drecky environment.  
+  It would be very helpful to have makefiles and installation stuff so
+  that it worked well for cross-compilation between systems and used 
+  GNU tools.
+
+  o MiG needs to be made able to support cross-compilation.
+
+  o A replacement for MiG that understood C .h files.
+
+  o Bootstrap tools and documentation to help people set up Mach 3.0
+  machines if they already have Linux; if they already have Net BSD;
+  if they don't have anything.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide support for task virtual timers similar
+  in functionality to the Unix ITIMER_PROF and ITIMER_VIRTUAL timers.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide a way for users to do statistical PC
+  profiling similar to the Unix profil system call.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to automatically send task and thread 
+  status on task/thread exit to a port that can only be changed by
+  a privileged user; this would be used to implement process 
+  accounting.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out what task is the parent of
+  a given task.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out which pages of a task's
+  address space are in core to implement Unix's mincore call.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to do msync.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a replacement for MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_CALL that 
+  works at least for the cases needed in ordinary files.  (Write mib if
+  you want to know what the problem is and some ideas about how to
+  solve it.)
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs proxy memory objects.  (mib can tell you what these
+  are and why they are important.)
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to do per-task resource counters that are
+  accessible to servers called by the task.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs facilities to implement resource limits of various sorts.
+
+  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to have a thread's CPU time statistics
+  include time spent by servers on its behalf.
+
+  o Of course, free ports are always necessary to machines that don't
+  already have free ports.
+
+  o Much work can be done doing research in how to improve Mach VM
+  performance and timesharing scheduling policy.
+
+
+Hurd work (these are brief descriptions; mib can give more information):
+
+  o We need a translator for /dev.
+
+  o We need a replacement for utmp and wtmp that understands the
+  Hurd `login collection' concept.  Programs like who and finger
+  then need to be changed to use this.
+
+  o We need some existing shell programs changed to do Hurd things:
+  like ls, su, fsck, tar, cpio, etc.
+
+  o Some new programs need to be written: login, getty, ps, tools
+  for new filesystem features.
+
+  o Shadow directory translators.  (Roland has the beginnings of this.)
+
+  o A system for write, send, talkd and so forth to bleep users;
+  this should be integrated with the utmp replacement above.
+
+  o X.
+
+  o A filesystem for /tmp that uses virtual memory instead of disk.
+
+  o Filesystem implementations (using libdiskfs) for other popular
+  formats, especially the Linux formats as well as MSDOG.
+
+  o Transparent FTP translator.  
+  
+  o NFS client implementation.  You should start with BSD's 4.4 code
+  and support the extensions they support; don't worry about Hurd
+  extensions right now.  (The server we want to write ourselves
+  because it will probably involve changing the Hurd interfaces.)
+
+  o A fancy terminal driver that uses readline and supports detach/attach.
+
+--
++1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
++1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
+1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
+Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash3 b/history/hurd-flash3
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19a5f371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash3
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+Date:    Tue, 05 Jul 1994 20:15:09 -0400
+From:    mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+To:      hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd snapshot
+
+
+A new Hurd snapshot has been released.  You can get it from
+alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the file /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.  You will need
+the most recent version of the GNU C library; version 1.08.3 or later.
+(Version 1.08.3 is an alpha release; you can get it from
+alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the same directory.)
+
+This snapshot of the Hurd has a limping terminal driver.  It can run
+emacs, bash, a whole slew of utilities, and (most importantly) GNU
+Hello.
+
+	-mib
+
+
+Here is the new part of the NEWS file:
+
+The Hurd now runs all the programs in the GNU fileutils, textutils,
+and shellutils distributions, with the exception of who.  Most
+importantly it runs GNU Hello.  Also, emacs works (with the kludgy
+`boot' terminal driver) and bash works.
+
+The simple pipes server works; it will be replaced eventually by the
+pflocal server (which isn't done yet).  The terminal driver is limping
+but working.  It doesn't support terminal ioctls yet.  A minor bug in
+auth has been fixed.  boot interprets more Hurd protocols; this was
+done to get emacs functioning.  Some more-or-less serious bugs in exec
+were fixed; they were found by running emacs (a quite large executable
+indeed).  At bootstrap time, init starts pipes and term itself;
+eventually these will be passive translators, but we don't want to
+write the new disk format until we're self-hosting or fsck and UX will
+get confused.  The file proc/primes.c has been documented; thanks go
+to Jim Blandy.  Some bugs in proc dealing with pgrp and wait were
+fixed; a nasty hash table bug was also fixed.  The simple shell can do
+pipes.  Several serious bugs in ufs were fixed dealing with extension
+of large files and writes of data not aligned on block boundaries.
+The ufs pager was over-serialized; that's been fixed.  Directory
+lookups and modifications now use mapped I/O directly; this is an
+important speed-up.  The structure of the pager lockes has been
+changed significantly.  UFS now supports Mach copying mode
+MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY; this significantly improves process startup
+time.  
+
+Some minor changes have been made to several interfaces.  The
+interface for fs.defs:dir_readdir has been totally changed.  There are
+some new fs.defs interfaces: file_check_access, file_notice_changes,
+dir_notice_changes.  The fsys.defs:fsys_getroot interface was changed
+to work correctly.  process.defs:proc_setprocargs is renamed, and a
+fetch function proc_get_arg_locations is added.  The ifsock.defs
+interface was simplified.  
+
+Several bugs were fixed in libdiskfs.  The new dir_readdir interface
+requires new support from format-specific code.  Some race conditions
+have been fixed.  dir-pathtrans.c now deals correctly with multiple
+slashes in a row.  A new concept called "light references" allows
+pagers to remain active without preventing truncate-on-nolinks from
+working right.  New interfaces in fs.defs are implemented (except
+file_notice_changes).  Active translator usage has been fixed to work
+correctly, but passive translators are still untested.  libdiskfs now
+thinks it supports S_IFSOCK nodes, but that's untested (of course)
+because pflocal isn't done yet.
+
+The passive translator startup interface in libfshelp has been
+radically simplified.  The pager library now lets other code set and
+changee the attributes on objects, synchronously if desired.  An
+init/terminate race condition was fixed.   The ports library now
+allows single-threaded users to work right (they didn't before).  The
+trivfs library works; see the ifsock server for a simple example of
+its use.  See term or pipes for more complex examples.  
+
+There is a task list in the file `tasks'; let me know if you are
+interested in working on one of these.
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash4 b/history/hurd-flash4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89ae9848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash4
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+From:     mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Date:     Mon, 8 Aug 94 16:01:23 -0400
+Subject:  New Hurd Snapshot
+X-Shopping-List: 
+	  (1) Starboard sauce (2) Cinematic lesions (3) Two-way alphabetic
+	  accordions
+
+
+A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
+/pub/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+It is expected that the next snapshot after this one will have signals
+basically working and thus be usable for a self-hosting system.  In
+addition, the next snapshot will probably have the current state of
+our networking code (which has been proceeding, but has been absent
+from the snapshots).
+
+Here is the NEWS about this current snapshot, however.  Because some
+big changes were made to the makefile and directory structure, things
+might have gotten inadvertently ommitted from the snapshot.  If this
+happened, please let me know ASAP and I'll fix it and make a new
+snapshot.
+
+	-mib
+
+
+August 8, 1994:
+
+Structural changes:
+
+Makefiles have been vastly improved and are simpler.  The programs
+`su', `ps', and `sh' have been moved from separate dirs into `utils';
+the programs `symlink' and `ifsock' have been moved into `trans'.
+
+Several changes were made to GCC use.  You should definitely get GCC
+version 2.6.0 now.  Version 2.6.1 will have distributed the proper
+`specs' file for the i386-gnu target, but it isn't quite ready yet, so
+you still have to copy hurd/gcc-specs into
+gcc-lib/i386-gnu/2.6.0/specs.
+
+
+Interface changes:
+
+The tioctl.defs suite is complete now.
+
+INTR RPC's have been changed; individual RPC's are no longer marked
+INTR.  Rather, entire interfaces are marked `INTR_INTERFACE' if they
+conform to the library's signalling/interruption expectations.
+
+There is a new magical retry type (for dir_pathtrans and fsys_getroot)
+called `machtype' and a new one `/'; the former is for @sys tweaks and
+the latter cleans up the retry of root-based symlinks a bit.
+
+There is a new interface `login.defs'.
+
+The "dotdot node" is no longer passed at fsys_startup time; instead,
+it is passed by fsys_getroot.
+
+
+Library changes:
+
+The ports library now does death-timeouts for multi-threaded servers;
+it doesn't actually work right yet, however.  Also the ports library
+has new features (soft vs. hard ports; no outstanding ports
+notifications) that enable server-death to be done cleanly.  (I hope;
+libdiskfs and ufs haven't yet been changed to use it, so libports
+might not actually have the right facilities yet.)
+
+The translator startup routines in libfshelp have been vastly improved
+(so that they can actually be used).
+
+Numerous bugfixes in libdiskfs, particularly relating to translator
+usage.  Use new magical retry type `/' when appropriate.  Use new
+dotdot node protocol.  O_FSYNC and O_NOATIME are now honored properly.
+Alternative methods of storing symlinks are now supported through new
+hooks.  
+
+The new dotdot protocol is now used by libtrivfs.  Also, users of the
+library are now able to set the atime and mtime when necessary.
+
+The special threads version of malloc has been placed back in
+libthreads now that the C library uses a Mach-safe version on its own.
+
+
+Program changes:
+
+The `boot' program no longer implements the tioctl interface now that
+the terminal driver works.
+
+A bug was fixed in the handling of pgrps in `proc'.
+
+Many bugfixes in term.  The tioctl interface is now implemented.  EOF
+processing is fixed; break characters now work right.  Signals and
+interruption are now done correctly.  VDISCARD works.  
+
+Ufs has Some bigs fixed in dir.c.  Filesystem upgraded to BSD 4.4.
+There are now some compatibility flags.  
+
+New program dev.trim does a very minimal /dev (but doesn't work yet).
+New program dev is an initial (but poor) attempt at a real /dev.
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash5 b/history/hurd-flash5
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..041a0ef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash5
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Message-Id: <9409210619.AA17570@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: "Lots of potentially interested people and" <nobody@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+Subject: New milestone acheived by the GNU Hurd
+X-Tom-Swiftie: "I can't get this fire started," Tom said woodenly.
+
+
+I have just successfully compiled and run a null C program on the
+Hurd.  This is using GCC native as one would normally use GCC.
+
+Sadly, it took quite a while (too long, in fact) to read the large
+archives that make up the GNU C library, but I think I know where the
+substantial inefficiency is.
+
+Once that is done, I would be happy to label this a "self-hosting
+system".  But not just yet.
+
+The last bug preventing this was an error in dealing with files over
+about 8 M; this came about because in order to link a program one
+needed the GNU C library, which is over 9M when symbols are included.
+
+        -mib
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash6 b/history/hurd-flash6
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e774714e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash6
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Return-Path: <pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu!gnu.ai.mit.edu!mib>
+Received: from pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu by gnurd  with uucp
+	(Linux Smail3.1.28.1 #14) id m0r66pm-00010fC; Fri, 11 Nov 94 17:00 PST
+Received: from cs.pdx.edu by pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-U)
+	id AA05257; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:48 PST
+Received: from churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu by cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-P)
+	id AA02600; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:22 PST
+Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
+	id <AA12621@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:45:35 -0500
+Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
+	id <AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
+Date: Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
+Message-Id: <9411112138.AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu, info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd Snapshot
+X-Shopping-List: 
+   (1) Horrendous collision devotions (2) Wondrous consolation (3)
+   Conscious cooking auctions
+X-Filter: mailagent [version 3.0 PL19] for trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu
+
+
+A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.  There
+may be unforseen problems with this snapshot, so the old one has been
+left.  You may fetch this snapshot via anonymous FTP in the file
+/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+The Hurd requires a modified version of MiG; you can get it by
+anonymous ftp to kahlua.cs.utah.edu in /pub/mach/mach4-UK02p6.tar.gz.
+Note that we are not yet using Mach4 for the Hurd, but we plan to
+switch as soon as its feasible.
+
+Other necessary software to run this snapshot include the latest
+snapshot of binutils/ld/gas source from Cygnus and the latest GCC.
+(Problems have been reported with GCC 2.6.1; you might want to wait
+until 2.6.2 is released.)  And, of course, you also need the latest
+test version of the GNU C Library, found on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
+
+This is not yet a real release; it is certainly not up to the quality
+of even a hesitant alpha release.  But it may be useful for
+educational value or to help with the Hurd effort.  
+
+I will be out of town for most of the rest of the year; I will be
+reading email but I may not be able to help with problems.  Sorry...
+
+	-mib
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash7 b/history/hurd-flash7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce6e08d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash7
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Date: Wed, 12 Apr 1995 15:08:18 -0400
+From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: hurd-ann@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: New Hurd Snapshot available
+
+A new hurd snapshot is now available from
+ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
+
+This snapshot contains many improvements over the last one, and is
+also probably easier to compile.  
+
+This snapshot must be used with the most recent libc snapshot,
+ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/libc-950411.tar.gz.  Previous versions
+of the library will not work right.
+
+If any files are discovered to be missing, please let me know asap.
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash8 b/history/hurd-flash8
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..555186ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash8
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Date: Sun, 23 Jul 1995 16:27:46 -0400
+Message-Id: <199507232027.QAA09306@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+Subject: Hurd snapshot!
+X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
++$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
++ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
+X-Zippy-Says: I just had a NOSE JOB!!
+Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
+Precedence: bulk
+
+
+I have just put a new Hurd snapshot on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
+/gnu/hurd-snap-950723.tar.gz.
+
+You will also need the new libc snapshot, which should appear in the
+same place today.  Older libc snapshots will not be happy.
+
+The binary images (hurd-floppy.fs.gz and hurd-image.tar.gz) have not
+been updated.  It is difficult to use the Hurd standalon, because the
+Mach boot loaders can now no longer boot the Hurd.  A new boot loader
+is nearly finished.  Perhaps we can make new binary images then, or a
+volunteer might take over this useful work.  (Hint, hint.)
+
+Michael
+
+
+
+Here is the NEWS:
+
+July 23, 1995
+
+Shared libraries now work; use -static to link programs and avoid the
+shared libraries.  The Hurd programs are normally built static; this
+will probably change soon.
+
+The ext2fs server now works, as do the tools to manipulate ext2fs
+filesystems.  A snapshot of the tools will be made soon under separate
+cover.  Many thanks to Ted Ts'o for his valuable work on the tools.
+
+Readers of the Makefiles will notice that we now generate dependencies
+automatically.
+
+The old netserv library is gone.
+
+The `boot' hack has been modified slightly to avoid the normalq libc startup
+files, because they no longer work with UX.
+
+Some small bugs have been fixed in the devio server.
+
+The ports library has been totally rewritten; new features permit
+servers to have greater control over thread RPC's and port creation.
+
+The fshelp library now does most of the work for translator
+interaction; it's simpler now too.  Filesystems have much less work to
+do; the relevant code in libdiskfs is now understanble instead of
+unparseable chaos.
+
+The ports library provides for timeouts; the diskfs library almost
+uses it, but because of a bug, it's disabled for now.
+
+Filesystems are now expected to sync themselves if necessary; the new
+fsys_set_options RPC provides for changeing (or cancelling) the sync
+intervale.  The diskfs library does this for you.  The update program
+is no longer necessary.
+
+A small bug in the proc server has been hacked around; the real fix
+will come later.
+
+Many important bugs in the C library have been fixed since the last
+snapshot; perhaps all of them.  ;-)
+
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash9 b/history/hurd-flash9
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ff32ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/hurd-flash9
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 13:13:23 -0500
+Message-Id: <199511291813.NAA10983@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
+To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu (and others)
+Subject: Announcement
+X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
++$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
++ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
+X-Windows: The Cutting Edge of Obsolescence.
+Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
+Precedence: bulk
+
+
+The Hurd has succesfully completed its first FTP:
+
+bash# ftp 128.52.46.31
+Connected to 128.52.46.31.
+220 albert.gnu.ai.mit.edu FTP server (Version 5.60) ready.
+Name (128.52.46.31:root):
+331 Password required for root.
+Password:230 User root logged in.
+ftp> cd ~mib
+250 CWD command successful.
+ftp> get ftptest
+200 PORT command successful.
+150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for ftptest (16 bytes).
+226 Transfer complete.
+17 bytes received in 0.07 secs (0.24 Kbytes/sec)
+ftp> quit
+221 Goodbye.
+bash# cat ftptest
+this is a test.
+bash#
+
+
+Tre cool.
+
+Michael
+
diff --git a/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdf048e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
+
+There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
+[[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]].
+
+The idea of using L4 as a [[microkernel]] for a [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was
+initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]] by Okuji Yoshinori, who,
+for discussing this purpose, created the [[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list
+in November 2000.
+
+The project itself then was mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal Walfield.
+Even though there was progress -- see, for example, the
+[[QEMU image for L4|hurd/running/qemu/image for l4]] -- this port never reached a
+releasable state.  Eventually, a straight-forward port of the original Hurd's
+design wasn't deemed feasible anymore by the developers, partly due to them not
+cosidering L4 suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on
+top of it, and because of deficiencies in the original Hurd's design, which
+they discovered along their way.  Read the [[hurd/critique]] and a
+[[hurd/ng/position paper]].
+
+By now, the development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.  However, Neal Walfield moved
+on to working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos]].
+
+Over the years, a lot of discussion have been held on the
+[[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which today is still the right place
+for [[next-generation Hurd|hurd/ng]] discussions.
+
+Development of Hurd/L4 was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS
+repository.  The `doc` directory contains a design document that is worth
+reading for anyone who wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.
+
+
+One goal of porting the Hurd to L4 was to make the Hurd independend of Mach
+interfaces, to make it somewhat microkernel-agnostic.
+
+Mach wasn't maintained by its original authors anymore, so switching to a
+well-maintained current [[microkernel]] was expected to yield a more solid
+foundation for a Hurd system than the decaying Mach design and implementation
+was able to.
+
+L4 being a second-generation [[microkernel]] was deemed to provide for a faster
+system kernel implementation, especially in the time-critical [[IPC]] paths.
+Also, as L4 was already implemented for a bunch of different architectures
+(IA32, Alpha, MIPS; SMP), and the Hurd itself being rather archtecture-unaware,
+it was expected to be able to easily support more platforms than with the
+existing system.
+
+A design upon the lean L4 kernel would finally have moved devices drivers out
+of the kernel's [[TCB]].
+
+
+One idea was to first introduce a Mach-on-L4 emulation layer, to easily get a
+usable (though slow) Hurd-using-Mach-interfaces-on-L4 system, and then
+gradually move the Hurd servers to use L4 intefaces rather than Mach ones.
+
+
+Neal Walfield started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.  He
+explains:
+
+> My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
+> [[design_pattern]]s; it was not to simply provide a Mach
+> [[compatibility_layer]] on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer had
+> access to [[microkernel/l4/Pistachio]] as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.
+> Although the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
+> their code in May
+> 2003](https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html).
+> Around this time, Marcus began hacking on Pistachio.  He created a relatively
+> complete run-time.  I didn't really become involved again until the second
+> half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
+
+> Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
+> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The
+> [[open issues/resource management problems]] were
+> what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
+> [[hurd/translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
+> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[hurd/critique]] in the
+> 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
+> [[hurd/ng/position paper]].)
+
+> We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
+> number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
+> aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
+> a number of security issues.
+
+A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
+[[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
+
+> Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
+> that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
+> system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
+> clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
diff --git a/hurd-l4.mdwn b/hurd-l4.mdwn
index c261b6c1..5ad3c3d4 100644
--- a/hurd-l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd-l4.mdwn
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[!meta redir=hurd/history/port_to_l4]]
+[[!meta redir=history/port_to_l4]]
diff --git a/hurd/history.mdwn b/hurd/history.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 02316f69..00000000
--- a/hurd/history.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
-complete free operating system.  In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
-mentioned that there is a primitive kernel.  In the first GNUsletter,
-Feb. 1986, he says that GNU's kernel is TRIX, which was developed at
-the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-
-By December of 1986, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) had "started
-working on the changes needed to TRIX" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1987].
-Shortly thereafter, the FSF began "negotiating with Professor Rashid
-of Carnegie-Mellon University about working with them on the
-development of the Mach kernel" [Gnusletter, June, 1987].  The text
-implies that the FSF wanted to use someone else's work, rather than
-have to fix TRIX.
-
-In [Gnusletter, Feb. 1988], RMS was talking about taking Mach and
-putting the Berkeley Sprite filesystem on top of it, "after the parts
-of Berkeley Unix... have been replaced."
-
-Six months later, the FSF is saying that "if we can't get Mach, we'll
-use TRIX or Berkeley's Sprite."  Here, they present Sprite as a
-full-kernel option, rather than just a filesystem.
-
-In January, 1990, they say "we aren't doing any kernel work.  It does
-not make sense for us to start a kernel project now, when we still
-hope to use Mach" [Gnusletter, Jan. 1990].  Nothing significant occurs
-until 1991, when a more detailed plan is announced:
-
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-We are still interested in a multi-process kernel running on top of
-Mach.  The CMU lawyers are currently deciding if they can release Mach
-with distribution conditions that will enable us to distribute it.  If
-they decide to do so, then we will probably start work.  CMU has
-available under the same terms as Mach a single-server partial Unix
-emulator named Poe; it is rather slow and provides minimal
-functionality.  We would probably begin by extending Poe to provide
-full functionality.  Later we hope to have a modular emulator divided
-into multiple processes.  [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-RMS explains the relationship between [[the Hurd and
-Linux|documentation/hurd-and-linux]], where he mentions
-that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990.  As of [Gnusletter,
-Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
-
----
-
-# Announcements
-
-These are all the announcements made over the years. Most of them were
-either sent to the <A HREF="news:gnu.announce">gnu.announce</A> news group or Hurd interest
-mailing lists.
-
-  * [[hurd-flash15]] -- Release 0.2 announcement (complete GNU system)
-  * [[hurd-flash14]] -- Release 0.2 announcement (Hurd)
-  * [[hurd-flash13]] -- Test release announcement (Aug 96)
-  * [[hurd-flash12]] -- Test release status (Jul 96)
-  * [[hurd-flash11]] -- Binary image available, Apr 96
-    This and [NetBSD](http://www.netbsd.org/) boot flopies should be enough to
-    get a working GNU/Hurd system!
-  * [[hurd-flash10]] -- New Snapshot, Apr 96 -- NFS and lots else works!
-  * [[hurd-flash9]] -- News Flash, Nov 95 -- ftp works!
-  * [[hurd-flash8]] -- New Snapshot, Jul 95 -- ext2fs support
-  * [[hurd-flash7]] -- New Snapshot, Apr 95
-  * [[hurd-flash6]] -- News flash, Nov 94
-  * [[hurd-flash5]] -- News flash, Sep 94 -- gcc runs!
-  * [[hurd-flash4]] -- News flash, Aug 94
-  * [[hurd-flash3]] -- News flash, Jul 94 -- emacs runs!
-  * [[hurd-flash2]] -- News flash, May 94
-  * [[hurd-flash]] -- News flash, Apr 94 -- it boots!
-  * [[hurd-announce2]] -- GNU Hurd announcement, Nov 93
-  * [[hurd-announce]] -- GNU Hurd announcement, May 91
-
----
-
-  * [History
-    1997-2003](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00718.html)
-    -- personal view of Marcus Brinkmann about Hurd development in 1997-2003.
-
----
-
-  * [[Port_to_L4]]
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-announce b/hurd/history/hurd-announce
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f165ad8..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-announce
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-From mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU Tue May  7 12:07:53 1991
-From: mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU
-Newsgroups: gnu.announce
-Subject: FSF work on a GNU OS
-Date: 6 May 91 22:15:22 GMT
-Reply-To: mib@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Distribution: gnu
-Organization: GNUs Not Usenet
-
-The Free Software Foundation is beginning work on a GNU operating
-system built on top of the Mach 3.0 microkernel.  There are three
-goals to this project worth noting:
-
-o Binary compatability with 4.4 BSD, and other U*x or U*xish systems
-  on other hardware where appropriate, convenient, and consistent with
-  the design;
-
-o Posix compliance (in combination with the GNU C Library and the GNU
-  C Compiler); and
-
-o Ease of use as well as several new features and functionality.
-
-
-I am interested in constructive criticism on the interfaces, design,
-and implementation from experts in the field of OS research and design
-consistent with the above goals.  Advice from seasoned U*x hackers is
-especially welcome.
-
-We have a mailing list for discussion.  Currently there is little
-discussion on the group; the major contributors to the ideas behind
-the design all live in the Boston area at this point, and work has
-been done via face-to-face communication.  I would like to open the
-field of discussion to a broader base, both to get wider dissemination
-of the ideas behind the current design, as well as to get a greater
-breadth of criticism.  Periodic postings are currently made to the
-mailing list containing a snapshot of the interfaces used by the
-various pieces of the system.  I would like to see discussion as well;
-perhaps we need a critical mass to get this.
-
-Interested individuals should send me email.  I don't regularly read
-the newsgroups to which this message is posted.
-
-
-[U*x is an abbreviation for a well-known trademark of AT&T.  :-)]
-
-	-mib
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-announce2 b/hurd/history/hurd-announce2
deleted file mode 100644
index dce41c43..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-announce2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-From mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu Wed Nov  3 21:51:03 1993
-Path: usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!ogicse!emory!nigel.msen.com!sdd.hp.com!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!spool.mu.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!prep.ai.mit.edu!gnulists
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.announce,gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Hurd status and call for volunteers
-Message-ID: <9311020719.AA02206@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-Date: 1 Nov 93 21:19:05 GMT
-Article-I.D.: geech.9311020719.AA02206
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Distribution: world
-Lines: 124
-Approved: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-X-Shopping-List: 
-   (1) Chaotic casino griddles (2) Cervical congestion (3) Neoclassical
-   consoles
-Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.announce:160 gnu.misc.discuss:3985
-
-This message to help sate curiosity, as well as to ask for volunteers.
-Until we are ready for alpha test, this is the last such message that
-will be posted here.  If you want to receive further such messages,
-send mail to hurd-ann-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu and ask to be put on that
-(moderated) announcements list.
-
-
-What is already done with the Hurd:
-
-The filesystem is complete; it runs (read-only), and most of its calls
-have been tested and work.  The filesystem is able to download
-programs, by a kludge similar to the kludge used to enable the kernel
-to download the first task.  In the actual bootstap sequence, it will
-download the execserver.
-
-The proc and auth servers are completed; the exec server is nearly
-complete (for a.out, not for bfd).  
-
-C library support for Mach and Hurd rpc stubs, and some of the mach
-and hurd specific code, is done.  Much untested and probably wrong
-code has been written to implement Unix "system calls".  A large piece
-of this (the descriptor management code) is believed by Roland to have
-some architectural flaw, but he isn't sure.
-
-Some small filesystem servers (shadow directories, for example) have
-been written, but have not been compiled, let alone tested.
-
-
-There are currently three things happening wrt the Hurd:
-
-I am spending nearly all my time getting things to boot and run.  My
-work is currently directed toward that goal; in the immediate present
-I am working with Roland on getting the library in its near-final
-state (which will last a long time) to make compiling easier.  It is
-because this is nearly done that I can send this message.
-
-Roland is working on the library.  Most of the remaining architectural
-work is done and being tested.  Then Roland will work on integrating
-cthreads (which is mostly busywork), miscellaneous filesystem calls,
-and then file descriptors.  After that comes signals.
-
-Jan Brittenson will be working on the network server library.  This is
-a library that, when linked against a BSD protocol stack, will produce
-a Hurd network server.  (Such a server implements the socket interface
-in socket.defs.)
-
-
-There are four general tasks that can be done by other people:
-
-1. Completing the existing work on the terminal driver.  The existing
-work implements most of the logic you already associate with a Posixy
-terminal driver; it needs the port management and buffering logic
-added.  
-
-2. Writing a readline terminal driver.  We will want, as an
-alternative to the Posixy terminal driver, a readline type terminal
-driver.
-
-3. Writing miscellaneous shell utilities.  Here we need shell
-utilities to create translators, etc.  They should have a nice rich
-set of features to do all kinds of GNU things.  
-
-4. Writing miscellaneous filesystem servers.  Here we need a
-transparent tar server, a transparent FTP server, and the like.
-
-
-Future plans for work to be written by me (once the bootstrap works,
-and in addition to testing library code as Roland finishes it):
-
-o split the existing filesystem into three parts:
-  o a library for port management for complicated multi-threaded
-    servers;
-  o a library for "normal" disk-based filesystems;
-  o ufs specific code.
-
-o Write the PF_FILE socket server (what you know as PF_UNIX).
-
-o Finish the posixy terminal driver if nobody else has.
-
-o Write miscellaneous shell utilities that nobody else has.
-
-o Build a self-hosting system.
-
-
-What you need in order to be able to help now:
-
-o A 386 PC running Mach 3.0.  If you have some other kind of hardware,
-  then you need to port the GNU C library support first.  I'm not
-  entirely sure how much work that involves; you will need to contact
-  Roland.  It might be too much trouble at this point to spend any
-  effort on it.  It's best if it's a machine for which a free port of
-  Mach is available, though you could do useful work even if it's not.
-
-  If you are not currently running Mach 3.0 with somebody's
-  single-server, then it is very unlikely you could help, unless you
-  have a Unix source license.  In that case, you could talk to CMU
-  (write mach@cs.cmu.edu) to find out how to get Mach 3.0 running on
-  your machine.  It is not possible to do development without a Unix
-  emulator of some kind; just bare Mach 3.0 is not sufficient.  I have
-  neither the time nor knowledge to help someone get a 3.0
-  single-server system running.
-
-o Clue.  I don't have enough time to explain operating systems or Unix
-  to people.  You need to have an iron-clad grasp of Unix semantics
-  (specificaly BSD); it's essential that things be exactly right from
-  that standpoint.  It's not enough that you've programmed Unix
-  before; you need to understand all the nits.  However, you may
-  disregard my previous comments about a "two question limit".  You do
-  need the ability to intuit to some extent, however.
-
-o Time.  It's not good for me to delegate a task and then have nothing
-  happen on it.  If you have a full-time job where you can't justify
-  Hurd work as part of your job, you might find that you don't really
-  have as much time as you thought.  Please make sure you really have
-  enough time before volunteering for a task.
-
-o Efficient net access.  Without a real Internet connection (mail only
-  is not sufficient), it will be impossible for you to do development
-  right now.
-
-
-If you think you can help, send me email.  If you don't think you can
-help right now, then don't give up: the list of conditions will change
-as the list of delegatable tasks changes.  
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash b/hurd/history/hurd-flash
deleted file mode 100644
index d1bacc79..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Path: gnurd!usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!sgiblab!swrinde!gatech!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!MathWorks.Com!news.kei.com!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!life.ai.mit.edu!mib
-From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach
-Subject: Hurd now bootstraps
-Date: 05 Apr 1994 21:49:50 GMT
-Organization: Free Software Foundation, Cambridge, MA
-Lines: 11
-Message-ID: <MIB.94Apr5174952@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
-
-The GNU Hurd now bootstraps, successfully starting the core servers
-(the filesystem, exec server, process server, auth server, and init)
-and running the first program.  A snapshot of the code that did this
-is on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the usual place, /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
---
-+1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
-+1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
-1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
-Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash10 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash10
deleted file mode 100644
index d6d5685b..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash10
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 15:28:29 -0400
-Message-Id: <199604151928.PAA00636@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd snapshot available
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "Use the `&' operator to get the address," Tom pointed out.
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-I have just cut a new source snapshot.  If things go nicely, a binary
-snapshot may appear soon as well.  You can find this snapshot as
-
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap-960415.tar.gz
-
-Many many things work!  Emacs built native and just *went*.  The
-system now works standalone; you can use gdb (it's much nicer than
-other mach-ish gdb's, of course); the network is functional (complete
-with NFS), etc.
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash11 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash11
deleted file mode 100644
index 57851b01..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash11
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-From:     Miles Bader <miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Date:     Thu, 18 Apr 1996 19:08:07 -0400
-Subject:  hurd binary image
-
-
-A filesystem image from a working hurd system, corresponding to the latest
-snapshot, is available as:
-
-  ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-image-960418.tar.gz 
-
-The whole tree takes about 37meg (warning -- it unpacks into `.').  Follow
-the instructions in ./INSTALL-binary to make a working hurd system.
-
-Due to a timely trashing of the disk on our main hurd machine, it has been
-verified that it is possible to make a bootable hurd system from scratch
-using this image and a set of netbsd 1.1 boot floppies...
-
-The sources for the mach kernel included in the image are available in the
-same directory as mach4-UK22.tar.gz and mach4-i386-UK22.tar.gz.
-
--Miles
--- 
-Miles Bader / miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu / (617) 253-8568
-Amadera e ike!
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash12 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash12
deleted file mode 100644
index 5be9c94e..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash12
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Hurd 0.0 release status
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Date: 13 Jul 1996 23:53:41 GMT
-Organization: Touring Consulting Services
-Lines: 35
-Message-ID: <MIB.96Jul13195341@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
-
-People are eager to know how close we are to release, so here's an
-update:
-
-There is one rather annoying bug I'd like to find which is causing
-random crashes.  I expect this will not be too hard to locate.  There
-are some more trivial bugs, but the release will not be held up for
-them. 
-
-Forty-three packages of GNU software have been built native.
-Remaining to be built are three packages for which new releases are
-expected soon.
-
-Also remaining to be built native are bash, gdb, mach, the Hurd
-itself, and the internet utilities and daemons.  We intend to sync our
-separate copy of libc source with the libc maintainer, and then build
-it native too.
-
-Because of obnoxious export restrictions, we have still to make
-separate shared libraries for the crypt functions.
-
-Except for the actual final packaging, all the release engineering
-tasks to be done have been completed.
-
-
-To summarize, we still need to:
-
-o Fix one obnoxious bug
-o Compile three packages that are waiting for release;
-o Compile gdb, bash, mach, and hurd native
-o Sync libc source and compile native
-o Deal with crypt shared libraries
-o Final packaging
-
-Michael
-
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Re: Hurd--ne plus ultra of vaporware?
-Date: 17 Jul 1996 03:02:14 GMT
-
-In article <4sg6tp$n4t@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI> torvalds@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI (Linus Torvalds) writes:
-
-   Hey! We could also ask some well-known rock-group for one of their
-   lyrics, and use that as the theme song for the Hurd release.  And then
-   we could ask shops to stay open longer to sell the Hurd! Whaddaya think?
-   Don't say it has been delayed, just shout so loudly about all the new
-   features that nobody cares about the delay?
-
-Perhaps we could get Morrisey to sing the song.  He's very good
-looking.  Much better looking than that Mick Jagger fellow.
-
-Or something delicate, like Bach's French Suite in G.  That would be
-fun.  
-
-In any case, here's the state of the release:
-
-o Everything but nine packages has been compiled native.
-o The random crash bug I alluded to is fixed.
-o We have to build a floppy image for part of the installation instructions.
-
-That's it.  I bet you nobody in Redmond has ever made a statement like
-that...
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash13 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash13
deleted file mode 100644
index a2de6bfd..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash13
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 1996 22:36:31 -0400
-From: thomas@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG)
-To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu, hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Hurd 0.0 and GNU 0.0 released
-X-Name-Change: My name used to be `Michael'; now it is `Thomas'.
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "I guess I shouldn't have broken the mirror," Tom reflected.
-
-
-
-
-I am pleased to announce version 0.0 of the GNU Hurd, available via
-anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
-/pub/gnu/hurd-0.0.tar.gz (about 1.2 MB compressed).
-
-This file contains complete source code for the following:
-
-Hurd servers: 
- 
- auth, crash, devio, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
- magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
- ufs.
-
-Hurd libraries: 
- 
- diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
- shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs.
-
-Hurd utilities and other programs: 
-
- boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
- storeinfo, login, w, uptime, hurdids, loginpr, sush, vmstat,
- portinfo, devprobe, reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs,
- stati.ufs, getty, rc.
-
-
-------
-
-
-In addition, we have prepared a binary distribution of a complete
-version 0.0 GNU system corresponding to this Hurd release.  This
-release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with i[345]86
-processors.
-
-The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
-
-This release uses the `UK22' version of the Mach kernel, as
-distributed by the University of Utah.  It is too difficult to prepare
-a detailed list of supported devices at this point.  Common disk
-controllers and ethernet cards are generally supported.
-
-This release does not contain the X Window System.
-
-This release may be fetched by anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu
-[18.159.42] in the directory /pub/gnu/gnu-0.0/.
-
-In that directory, you should find the following files:
-
- README
- SOURCES
- INSTALL-binary
- grub-boot.image		(about 1.4 MB, not compressed)
- gnu-0.0.tar.gz			(about 56.9 MB compressed)
- gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz	(about 26.2 MB compressed)
-
-SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
-binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
-installation instructions for this release.  
-
-(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
-root directory of the gnu-0.0 release.)
-
-gnu-0.0.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
-into a directory that requires approximately 233 MB of disk space.
-
-gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz holds the same contents as gnu-0.0, except
-that executable programs have been stripped to save space, and the
-libraries have had debugging symbols stripped to save space and speed
-linking.  It unpacks into a directory that requires about 85.5 MB of
-disk space.
-
-We recommend using the unstripped image, or you will be unable to
-debug anything.  Surely there are bugs.  So fetch the unstripped
-image, at least to have around.
-
-grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
-in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
-
-The following free software packages are found in this release:
-
- autoconf, automake, bash, bc, binutils, bison, cpio, cvs, diffutils,
- doschk, e2fsprogs, ed, emacs, fileutils, findutils, flex, from, gawk,
- gcal, gcc, gdb, gdbm, gettext, glibc, gmp, gperf, grep, grub, gzip,
- hello, hurd, indent, inetutils, less, mach, make, m4, miscfiles,
- ncurses, nethack, nvi, patch, ptx, rcs, readline, recode, sed,
- serverboot, sharutils, shellutils, tar, termcap, termutils, texinfo,
- textutils, time, wdiff.
-
-
-------
-
-
-Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
-
-b5f888bab3eb193fe97a00a141324c9d  INSTALL-binary
-345dcd826747d7b11fc78f4db162d75b  README
-1a5744bb4ed3448045fa6d24153d65fe  SOURCES
-f7b1bc428bc4ee29977a5b28f5762092  gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz
-24554c58e5c89f295176e17d21dbae8e  gnu-0.0.tar.gz
-8338c619d860b71bc4128c9c0fd39d63  grub-boot.image
-1fd18ccc4c81d051b83d28b13dc07ee2  hurd-0.0.tar.gz
-
------
-
-Br. Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash14 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash14
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d67687a..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash14
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the GNU Hurd, available via
-anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
-/pub/gnu/hurd-0.2.tar.gz (about 1.37 MB compressed).  
-
-(The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.)
-
-This release contains many bug fixes from version 0.1.  Many thanks to
-all the people who are helping find bugs!  
-
-The best way you can help find bugs is to try and compile and use on
-the Hurd as many programs as you can find and find out where bugs
-still exist.  There are also unimplemented features, and your reports
-will help us to prioritize which things we work on.
-
-The system is vastly more reliable than it has been in the past.
-
-One important addition:
-
-  New programs addauth, rmauth, unsu, su, and setauth modify the uid
-  sets of running programs.  Using addauth you can add root to your
-  emacs, write a file, and then use rmauth to take the uid back.  (Of
-  course, passwords are required when necessary.)  New program `ids'
-  will tell you what all the user ids are that a program has.  Note
-  that in the Hurd a program can have several user ids all at once,
-  just like Unix supports having several group ids.  Now that you can
-  dynamically change the ids of running programs, system
-  administration (among other things) becomes much easier.
-
-For more detailed news, see the NEWS file in the distribution.
-
-This release contains complete source code for the following:
-
-Hurd servers: 
- 
- auth, crash, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
- magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
- ufs, storeio, firmlink.
-
-Hurd libraries: 
- 
- diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
- shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs, hurdbugaddr, ftpconn
-
-Hurd utilities and other programs: 
-
- boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
- storeinfo, login, w, uptime, ids, sush, vmstat, portinfo, devprobe,
- reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs, stati.ufs, getty,
- rc, e2os, vminfo, nfsd, mail.local, serverboot, MAKEDEV, loginpr,
- addauth, rmauth, unsu, setauth, ftpcp, ftpdir.
-
-We are also making a complete GNU 0.2 binary release, which will
-include Hurd 0.2, glibc 2.0.4, gnumach 1.1.2, and many other
-programs.  This binary release is announced separately.
-
-
-Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash15 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash15
deleted file mode 100644
index 0785ac59..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash15
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-
-I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the complete Hurd based GNU
-system.  This release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with
-i[3456]86 processors.
-
-The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
-
-This release uses the GNUmach distribution of the Mach kernel, version
-1.1.3.  Popular PC devices are generally supported.
-
-This release does not contain the X Window System.
-
-This release may be fetched from the directory
-ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gnu-0.2.  (prep.ai.mit.edu is 18.159.42,
-for the nameserver-impaired).
-
-In that directory, you should find the following files:
-
-README
-SOURCES
-INSTALL-binary
-grub-boot.image			(about 1.5 MB, not compressed)
-gnu-0.2.tar.gz			(about 73 MB compressed)
-
-SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
-binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
-installation instructions for this release.
-
-(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
-root directory of the gnu-0.2 release.)
-
-gnu-0.2.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
-into a directory that requires approximately 285 MB of disk space.
-
-grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
-in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
-
-The following free software packages are included in this release:
-
-autoconf automake bash bc binutils bison cpio cvs diffutils doschk
-e2fsprogs ed emacs emacs lisp manual fileutils findutils flex from g77
-gawk gcal gcc gdb gettext glibc gmp gnuchess gnumach gnugo grep grub
-gzip hello hurd indent inetutils less libg++ lynx m4 make miscfiles
-ncurses nethack nvi patch perl ptx readline rcs recode sed sendmail
-sh-utils sharutils tar termutils texinfo textutils time wdiff
-
---
-
-Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
-
-3749b016ab581e007b90d17b9092e134  INSTALL-binary
-1f800c326ba4c3a0b3f3a3463597317b  README
-40d1e1a38dd86f28fe2718081ac865cb  SOURCES
-f29c1a03c1667a8019b66f6effa89d39  gnu-0.2.tar.gz
-8ad3c7254802a16068a956e836266212  grub-boot.image
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash2 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash2
deleted file mode 100644
index b1d4f66f..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach,comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.misc,comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit
-Subject: GNU Hurd Task List and Call for Volunteers
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Date: 18 May 1994 17:54:47 GMT
-Organization: FOO
-Lines: 140
-Message-ID: <MIB.94May18135447@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.misc.discuss:7630 comp.os.mach:1434 comp.os.linux.d
-evelopment:9867 comp.os.linux.misc:16767 comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit:5854
-
-
-Now that the Hurd can run (albeit haltingly) on its own, it is
-possible for people who do not have Mach 3.0 single-servers to
-contribute without much trouble.  (However, if you don't have a
-single-server, you probably won't be able to use a debugger, but that
-doesn't mean you can't do debugging, right?)
-
-We at the FSF don't have any expertise in setting up Mach 3.0
-machines; the machines that we do development on belong to the Open
-Software Foundation and were set up by them.  So one of the things on
-the task list is to organize things so that people (like us and most
-of you) who don't know how to do it can do it.  It's not impossible to
-figure out, it's just a pain and a marvelous thing for a volunteer to
-do.
-
-You can get Mach 3.0 from CMU; you get the C library and the Hurd from
-us.  You need the soon-to-be-released version 1.07.6 of the C library
-and the latest Hurd snapshot (as well as our special version of MiG)
-from alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-All our work is based upon i386.  The Hurd (except for a few programs;
-see the Hurd README file) is machine independent.  The C library
-should not be too much trouble to port.  Ports and information about
-porting difficulty for either of these are greatly desired.
-
-The Hurd is not yet self-hosting.  While you are welcome to fetch the
-code and put things together, it is not likely that you will have a
-useful system right now.  But you might be able to do significant work
-(see the task list below).  And, even if you can't do significant
-work, I'm interested in hearing about any places where you had
-particular difficulty.
-
-If you want to start on one of these tasks, please let me know so I
-can keep track of volunteers properly.  This task list will be updated
-periodically; gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu always has the latest version.
-
-	-mib
-
-GNU Hurd Task List Version 1.0.
-
-If you would like to work on one of these, please contact mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-
-Mach 3.0 Work
-
-  o Mach 3.0 comes with CMU makefiles that depend on a drecky environment.  
-  It would be very helpful to have makefiles and installation stuff so
-  that it worked well for cross-compilation between systems and used 
-  GNU tools.
-
-  o MiG needs to be made able to support cross-compilation.
-
-  o A replacement for MiG that understood C .h files.
-
-  o Bootstrap tools and documentation to help people set up Mach 3.0
-  machines if they already have Linux; if they already have Net BSD;
-  if they don't have anything.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide support for task virtual timers similar
-  in functionality to the Unix ITIMER_PROF and ITIMER_VIRTUAL timers.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide a way for users to do statistical PC
-  profiling similar to the Unix profil system call.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to automatically send task and thread 
-  status on task/thread exit to a port that can only be changed by
-  a privileged user; this would be used to implement process 
-  accounting.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out what task is the parent of
-  a given task.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out which pages of a task's
-  address space are in core to implement Unix's mincore call.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to do msync.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a replacement for MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_CALL that 
-  works at least for the cases needed in ordinary files.  (Write mib if
-  you want to know what the problem is and some ideas about how to
-  solve it.)
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs proxy memory objects.  (mib can tell you what these
-  are and why they are important.)
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to do per-task resource counters that are
-  accessible to servers called by the task.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs facilities to implement resource limits of various sorts.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to have a thread's CPU time statistics
-  include time spent by servers on its behalf.
-
-  o Of course, free ports are always necessary to machines that don't
-  already have free ports.
-
-  o Much work can be done doing research in how to improve Mach VM
-  performance and timesharing scheduling policy.
-
-
-Hurd work (these are brief descriptions; mib can give more information):
-
-  o We need a translator for /dev.
-
-  o We need a replacement for utmp and wtmp that understands the
-  Hurd `login collection' concept.  Programs like who and finger
-  then need to be changed to use this.
-
-  o We need some existing shell programs changed to do Hurd things:
-  like ls, su, fsck, tar, cpio, etc.
-
-  o Some new programs need to be written: login, getty, ps, tools
-  for new filesystem features.
-
-  o Shadow directory translators.  (Roland has the beginnings of this.)
-
-  o A system for write, send, talkd and so forth to bleep users;
-  this should be integrated with the utmp replacement above.
-
-  o X.
-
-  o A filesystem for /tmp that uses virtual memory instead of disk.
-
-  o Filesystem implementations (using libdiskfs) for other popular
-  formats, especially the Linux formats as well as MSDOG.
-
-  o Transparent FTP translator.  
-  
-  o NFS client implementation.  You should start with BSD's 4.4 code
-  and support the extensions they support; don't worry about Hurd
-  extensions right now.  (The server we want to write ourselves
-  because it will probably involve changing the Hurd interfaces.)
-
-  o A fancy terminal driver that uses readline and supports detach/attach.
-
---
-+1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
-+1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
-1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
-Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash3 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash3
deleted file mode 100644
index 19a5f371..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-Date:    Tue, 05 Jul 1994 20:15:09 -0400
-From:    mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-To:      hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd snapshot
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been released.  You can get it from
-alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the file /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.  You will need
-the most recent version of the GNU C library; version 1.08.3 or later.
-(Version 1.08.3 is an alpha release; you can get it from
-alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the same directory.)
-
-This snapshot of the Hurd has a limping terminal driver.  It can run
-emacs, bash, a whole slew of utilities, and (most importantly) GNU
-Hello.
-
-	-mib
-
-
-Here is the new part of the NEWS file:
-
-The Hurd now runs all the programs in the GNU fileutils, textutils,
-and shellutils distributions, with the exception of who.  Most
-importantly it runs GNU Hello.  Also, emacs works (with the kludgy
-`boot' terminal driver) and bash works.
-
-The simple pipes server works; it will be replaced eventually by the
-pflocal server (which isn't done yet).  The terminal driver is limping
-but working.  It doesn't support terminal ioctls yet.  A minor bug in
-auth has been fixed.  boot interprets more Hurd protocols; this was
-done to get emacs functioning.  Some more-or-less serious bugs in exec
-were fixed; they were found by running emacs (a quite large executable
-indeed).  At bootstrap time, init starts pipes and term itself;
-eventually these will be passive translators, but we don't want to
-write the new disk format until we're self-hosting or fsck and UX will
-get confused.  The file proc/primes.c has been documented; thanks go
-to Jim Blandy.  Some bugs in proc dealing with pgrp and wait were
-fixed; a nasty hash table bug was also fixed.  The simple shell can do
-pipes.  Several serious bugs in ufs were fixed dealing with extension
-of large files and writes of data not aligned on block boundaries.
-The ufs pager was over-serialized; that's been fixed.  Directory
-lookups and modifications now use mapped I/O directly; this is an
-important speed-up.  The structure of the pager lockes has been
-changed significantly.  UFS now supports Mach copying mode
-MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY; this significantly improves process startup
-time.  
-
-Some minor changes have been made to several interfaces.  The
-interface for fs.defs:dir_readdir has been totally changed.  There are
-some new fs.defs interfaces: file_check_access, file_notice_changes,
-dir_notice_changes.  The fsys.defs:fsys_getroot interface was changed
-to work correctly.  process.defs:proc_setprocargs is renamed, and a
-fetch function proc_get_arg_locations is added.  The ifsock.defs
-interface was simplified.  
-
-Several bugs were fixed in libdiskfs.  The new dir_readdir interface
-requires new support from format-specific code.  Some race conditions
-have been fixed.  dir-pathtrans.c now deals correctly with multiple
-slashes in a row.  A new concept called "light references" allows
-pagers to remain active without preventing truncate-on-nolinks from
-working right.  New interfaces in fs.defs are implemented (except
-file_notice_changes).  Active translator usage has been fixed to work
-correctly, but passive translators are still untested.  libdiskfs now
-thinks it supports S_IFSOCK nodes, but that's untested (of course)
-because pflocal isn't done yet.
-
-The passive translator startup interface in libfshelp has been
-radically simplified.  The pager library now lets other code set and
-changee the attributes on objects, synchronously if desired.  An
-init/terminate race condition was fixed.   The ports library now
-allows single-threaded users to work right (they didn't before).  The
-trivfs library works; see the ifsock server for a simple example of
-its use.  See term or pipes for more complex examples.  
-
-There is a task list in the file `tasks'; let me know if you are
-interested in working on one of these.
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash4 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash4
deleted file mode 100644
index 89ae9848..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-From:     mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Date:     Mon, 8 Aug 94 16:01:23 -0400
-Subject:  New Hurd Snapshot
-X-Shopping-List: 
-	  (1) Starboard sauce (2) Cinematic lesions (3) Two-way alphabetic
-	  accordions
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
-/pub/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-It is expected that the next snapshot after this one will have signals
-basically working and thus be usable for a self-hosting system.  In
-addition, the next snapshot will probably have the current state of
-our networking code (which has been proceeding, but has been absent
-from the snapshots).
-
-Here is the NEWS about this current snapshot, however.  Because some
-big changes were made to the makefile and directory structure, things
-might have gotten inadvertently ommitted from the snapshot.  If this
-happened, please let me know ASAP and I'll fix it and make a new
-snapshot.
-
-	-mib
-
-
-August 8, 1994:
-
-Structural changes:
-
-Makefiles have been vastly improved and are simpler.  The programs
-`su', `ps', and `sh' have been moved from separate dirs into `utils';
-the programs `symlink' and `ifsock' have been moved into `trans'.
-
-Several changes were made to GCC use.  You should definitely get GCC
-version 2.6.0 now.  Version 2.6.1 will have distributed the proper
-`specs' file for the i386-gnu target, but it isn't quite ready yet, so
-you still have to copy hurd/gcc-specs into
-gcc-lib/i386-gnu/2.6.0/specs.
-
-
-Interface changes:
-
-The tioctl.defs suite is complete now.
-
-INTR RPC's have been changed; individual RPC's are no longer marked
-INTR.  Rather, entire interfaces are marked `INTR_INTERFACE' if they
-conform to the library's signalling/interruption expectations.
-
-There is a new magical retry type (for dir_pathtrans and fsys_getroot)
-called `machtype' and a new one `/'; the former is for @sys tweaks and
-the latter cleans up the retry of root-based symlinks a bit.
-
-There is a new interface `login.defs'.
-
-The "dotdot node" is no longer passed at fsys_startup time; instead,
-it is passed by fsys_getroot.
-
-
-Library changes:
-
-The ports library now does death-timeouts for multi-threaded servers;
-it doesn't actually work right yet, however.  Also the ports library
-has new features (soft vs. hard ports; no outstanding ports
-notifications) that enable server-death to be done cleanly.  (I hope;
-libdiskfs and ufs haven't yet been changed to use it, so libports
-might not actually have the right facilities yet.)
-
-The translator startup routines in libfshelp have been vastly improved
-(so that they can actually be used).
-
-Numerous bugfixes in libdiskfs, particularly relating to translator
-usage.  Use new magical retry type `/' when appropriate.  Use new
-dotdot node protocol.  O_FSYNC and O_NOATIME are now honored properly.
-Alternative methods of storing symlinks are now supported through new
-hooks.  
-
-The new dotdot protocol is now used by libtrivfs.  Also, users of the
-library are now able to set the atime and mtime when necessary.
-
-The special threads version of malloc has been placed back in
-libthreads now that the C library uses a Mach-safe version on its own.
-
-
-Program changes:
-
-The `boot' program no longer implements the tioctl interface now that
-the terminal driver works.
-
-A bug was fixed in the handling of pgrps in `proc'.
-
-Many bugfixes in term.  The tioctl interface is now implemented.  EOF
-processing is fixed; break characters now work right.  Signals and
-interruption are now done correctly.  VDISCARD works.  
-
-Ufs has Some bigs fixed in dir.c.  Filesystem upgraded to BSD 4.4.
-There are now some compatibility flags.  
-
-New program dev.trim does a very minimal /dev (but doesn't work yet).
-New program dev is an initial (but poor) attempt at a real /dev.
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash5 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash5
deleted file mode 100644
index 041a0ef7..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Message-Id: <9409210619.AA17570@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: "Lots of potentially interested people and" <nobody@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-Subject: New milestone acheived by the GNU Hurd
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "I can't get this fire started," Tom said woodenly.
-
-
-I have just successfully compiled and run a null C program on the
-Hurd.  This is using GCC native as one would normally use GCC.
-
-Sadly, it took quite a while (too long, in fact) to read the large
-archives that make up the GNU C library, but I think I know where the
-substantial inefficiency is.
-
-Once that is done, I would be happy to label this a "self-hosting
-system".  But not just yet.
-
-The last bug preventing this was an error in dealing with files over
-about 8 M; this came about because in order to link a program one
-needed the GNU C library, which is over 9M when symbols are included.
-
-        -mib
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash6 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash6
deleted file mode 100644
index e774714e..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash6
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-Return-Path: <pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu!gnu.ai.mit.edu!mib>
-Received: from pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu by gnurd  with uucp
-	(Linux Smail3.1.28.1 #14) id m0r66pm-00010fC; Fri, 11 Nov 94 17:00 PST
-Received: from cs.pdx.edu by pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-U)
-	id AA05257; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:48 PST
-Received: from churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu by cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-P)
-	id AA02600; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:22 PST
-Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
-	id <AA12621@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:45:35 -0500
-Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
-	id <AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
-Date: Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Message-Id: <9411112138.AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu, info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd Snapshot
-X-Shopping-List: 
-   (1) Horrendous collision devotions (2) Wondrous consolation (3)
-   Conscious cooking auctions
-X-Filter: mailagent [version 3.0 PL19] for trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.  There
-may be unforseen problems with this snapshot, so the old one has been
-left.  You may fetch this snapshot via anonymous FTP in the file
-/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-The Hurd requires a modified version of MiG; you can get it by
-anonymous ftp to kahlua.cs.utah.edu in /pub/mach/mach4-UK02p6.tar.gz.
-Note that we are not yet using Mach4 for the Hurd, but we plan to
-switch as soon as its feasible.
-
-Other necessary software to run this snapshot include the latest
-snapshot of binutils/ld/gas source from Cygnus and the latest GCC.
-(Problems have been reported with GCC 2.6.1; you might want to wait
-until 2.6.2 is released.)  And, of course, you also need the latest
-test version of the GNU C Library, found on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-This is not yet a real release; it is certainly not up to the quality
-of even a hesitant alpha release.  But it may be useful for
-educational value or to help with the Hurd effort.  
-
-I will be out of town for most of the rest of the year; I will be
-reading email but I may not be able to help with problems.  Sorry...
-
-	-mib
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash7 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash7
deleted file mode 100644
index ce6e08d2..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash7
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Date: Wed, 12 Apr 1995 15:08:18 -0400
-From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd Snapshot available
-
-A new hurd snapshot is now available from
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-This snapshot contains many improvements over the last one, and is
-also probably easier to compile.  
-
-This snapshot must be used with the most recent libc snapshot,
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/libc-950411.tar.gz.  Previous versions
-of the library will not work right.
-
-If any files are discovered to be missing, please let me know asap.
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash8 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash8
deleted file mode 100644
index 555186ec..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash8
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-Date: Sun, 23 Jul 1995 16:27:46 -0400
-Message-Id: <199507232027.QAA09306@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Hurd snapshot!
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Zippy-Says: I just had a NOSE JOB!!
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-I have just put a new Hurd snapshot on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
-/gnu/hurd-snap-950723.tar.gz.
-
-You will also need the new libc snapshot, which should appear in the
-same place today.  Older libc snapshots will not be happy.
-
-The binary images (hurd-floppy.fs.gz and hurd-image.tar.gz) have not
-been updated.  It is difficult to use the Hurd standalon, because the
-Mach boot loaders can now no longer boot the Hurd.  A new boot loader
-is nearly finished.  Perhaps we can make new binary images then, or a
-volunteer might take over this useful work.  (Hint, hint.)
-
-Michael
-
-
-
-Here is the NEWS:
-
-July 23, 1995
-
-Shared libraries now work; use -static to link programs and avoid the
-shared libraries.  The Hurd programs are normally built static; this
-will probably change soon.
-
-The ext2fs server now works, as do the tools to manipulate ext2fs
-filesystems.  A snapshot of the tools will be made soon under separate
-cover.  Many thanks to Ted Ts'o for his valuable work on the tools.
-
-Readers of the Makefiles will notice that we now generate dependencies
-automatically.
-
-The old netserv library is gone.
-
-The `boot' hack has been modified slightly to avoid the normalq libc startup
-files, because they no longer work with UX.
-
-Some small bugs have been fixed in the devio server.
-
-The ports library has been totally rewritten; new features permit
-servers to have greater control over thread RPC's and port creation.
-
-The fshelp library now does most of the work for translator
-interaction; it's simpler now too.  Filesystems have much less work to
-do; the relevant code in libdiskfs is now understanble instead of
-unparseable chaos.
-
-The ports library provides for timeouts; the diskfs library almost
-uses it, but because of a bug, it's disabled for now.
-
-Filesystems are now expected to sync themselves if necessary; the new
-fsys_set_options RPC provides for changeing (or cancelling) the sync
-intervale.  The diskfs library does this for you.  The update program
-is no longer necessary.
-
-A small bug in the proc server has been hacked around; the real fix
-will come later.
-
-Many important bugs in the C library have been fixed since the last
-snapshot; perhaps all of them.  ;-)
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/hurd-flash9 b/hurd/history/hurd-flash9
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ff32ba9..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/hurd-flash9
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 13:13:23 -0500
-Message-Id: <199511291813.NAA10983@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu (and others)
-Subject: Announcement
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Windows: The Cutting Edge of Obsolescence.
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-The Hurd has succesfully completed its first FTP:
-
-bash# ftp 128.52.46.31
-Connected to 128.52.46.31.
-220 albert.gnu.ai.mit.edu FTP server (Version 5.60) ready.
-Name (128.52.46.31:root):
-331 Password required for root.
-Password:230 User root logged in.
-ftp> cd ~mib
-250 CWD command successful.
-ftp> get ftptest
-200 PORT command successful.
-150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for ftptest (16 bytes).
-226 Transfer complete.
-17 bytes received in 0.07 secs (0.24 Kbytes/sec)
-ftp> quit
-221 Goodbye.
-bash# cat ftptest
-this is a test.
-bash#
-
-
-Tre cool.
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index ec72def4..00000000
--- a/hurd/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Porting the Hurd to L4: Hurd/L4"]]
-
-There was an effort to port the Hurd from [[microkernel/Mach]] to the
-[[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/L4]].
-
-The idea of using L4 as a [[microkernel]] for a [[Hurd_system|hurd]] was
-initially voiced in the [[Hurd_community|community]] by Okuji Yoshinori, who,
-for discussing this purpose, created the [[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list
-in November 2000.
-
-The project itself then was mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal Walfield.
-Even though there was progress -- see, for example, the
-[[QEMU_image_for_L4|running/qemu/image_for_l4]] -- this port never reached a
-releasable state.  Eventually, a straight-forward port of the original Hurd's
-design wasn't deemed feasible anymore by the developers, partly due to them not
-cosidering L4 suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on
-top of it, and because of deficiencies in the original Hurd's design, which
-they discovered along their way.  Read the [[critique]] and a
-[[ng/position_paper]].
-
-By now, the development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.  However, Neal Walfield moved
-on to working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos]].
-
-Over the years, a lot of discussion have been held on the
-[[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list, which today is still the right place
-for [[next-generation_Hurd|ng]] discussions.
-
-Development of Hurd/L4 was done in the `hurd-l4` module of the Hurd CVS
-repository.  The `doc` directory contains a design document that is worth
-reading for anyone who wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.
-
-
-One goal of porting the Hurd to L4 was to make the Hurd independend of Mach
-interfaces, to make it somewhat microkernel-agnostic.
-
-Mach wasn't maintained by its original authors anymore, so switching to a
-well-maintained current [[microkernel]] was expected to yield a more solid
-foundation for a Hurd system than the decaying Mach design and implementation
-was able to.
-
-L4 being a second-generation [[microkernel]] was deemed to provide for a faster
-system kernel implementation, especially in the time-critical [[IPC]] paths.
-Also, as L4 was already implemented for a bunch of different architectures
-(IA32, Alpha, MIPS; SMP), and the Hurd itself being rather archtecture-unaware,
-it was expected to be able to easily support more platforms than with the
-existing system.
-
-A design upon the lean L4 kernel would finally have moved devices drivers out
-of the kernel's [[TCB]].
-
-
-One idea was to first introduce a Mach-on-L4 emulation layer, to easily get a
-usable (though slow) Hurd-using-Mach-interfaces-on-L4 system, and then
-gradually move the Hurd servers to use L4 intefaces rather than Mach ones.
-
-
-Neal Walfield started the original Hurd/L4 port while at Karlsruhe in 2002.  He
-explains:
-
-> My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
-> [[design_pattern]]s; it was not to simply provide a Mach
-> [[compatibility_layer]] on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer had
-> access to [[microkernel/l4/Pistachio]] as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.
-> Although the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
-> their code in May
-> 2003](https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html).
-> Around this time, Marcus began hacking on Pistachio.  He created a relatively
-> complete run-time.  I didn't really become involved again until the second
-> half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
-
-> Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
-> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The
-> [[open issues/resource management problems]] were
-> what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
-> [[translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
-> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[critique]] in the
-> 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
-> [[ng/position_paper]].)
-
-> We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
-> number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
-> aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
-> a number of security issues.
-
-A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
-[[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
-
-> Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
-> that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
-> system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
-> clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 46cab2ba91659d8569d31d05dab3fcc1f6551a47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 12:59:55 +0200
Subject: status: Added antriks statement about his experience during the last
 two years.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 1122b703..8b95534e 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -60,4 +60,41 @@ already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
 well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it would lessen the
 possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 
+## Usability status 2009-06-11
 
+*(This text is taken from two emails posted on the [[bug-hurd mailinglist|mailing_lists]] 
+by Olaf Buddenhagen)*
+
+I have been using the Hurd for most of my everyday work for some two
+years now. Most of the time it's pretty OK, but occasionally programs
+crash, or the screen session dies, or even the whole system. Also,
+various programs simply don't work at all, or don't work in certain
+situations.
+
+While I have learned to work around many of these issues, I don't
+believe I would be able to use it as my primary system, without having a
+GNU/Linux system running in parallel, as a fallback for all the stuff
+that doesn't work on the Hurd.
+
+[...]
+
+One particular problem for desktop use is the fact that while X does
+work, it works very poorly -- it's not only slow and jerky all the time,
+but also tends to lock up completely. (At least with the local socket
+transport... Haven't tried whether forcing TCP works better.)
+
+Note that while many of the stability problems are simply bugs to fix,
+the system will still be very fragile in the absence of these -- a
+simple port leak is sufficient to kill it within seconds. This is
+something that can't be easily solved. Properly fixing this will require
+a sound resource accounting framework, i.e. very fundamental changes to
+the system... Though I tend to believe that it could be improved at
+least partially, at the expense of flexibility, by enforcing certain
+fixed limits on users, processes etc. like other UNIX systems do.
+
+[...]
+
+Anyways, if you want to revive the Gentoo GNU/Hurd port, that would be
+great! Unlike a few years back when it was first attempted, the system
+is stable enough under load nowadays, to make a source-based
+distribution actually feasible...
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3db03b9f5ed676a4f4604d7d655f07a0513bbc7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 13:09:46 +0200
Subject: status: removed only weakly related snippet about Gentoo GNU/Hurd.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 8b95534e..24d9956f 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ fixed limits on users, processes etc. like other UNIX systems do.
 
 [...]
 
-Anyways, if you want to revive the Gentoo GNU/Hurd port, that would be
-great! Unlike a few years back when it was first attempted, the system
-is stable enough under load nowadays, to make a source-based
-distribution actually feasible...
+[...]
+
+[But] unlike a few years back [...] the systemis stable enough under load nowadays [...].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 90e3a121bf10d47010b8d40d6b1a2ef68603526f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 13:13:01 +0200
Subject: typo

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 24d9956f..23a9c2a7 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ that doesn't work on the Hurd.
 One particular problem for desktop use is the fact that while X does
 work, it works very poorly -- it's not only slow and jerky all the time,
 but also tends to lock up completely. (At least with the local socket
-transport... Haven't tried whether forcing TCP works better.)
+transport... Haven't tried wheather forcing TCP works better.)
 
 Note that while many of the stability problems are simply bugs to fix,
 the system will still be very fragile in the absence of these -- a
@@ -94,6 +94,4 @@ fixed limits on users, processes etc. like other UNIX systems do.
 
 [...]
 
-[...]
-
-[But] unlike a few years back [...] the systemis stable enough under load nowadays [...].
+[But] unlike a few years back [...] the system is stable enough under load nowadays [...].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5b98aca709481099d89065ce2558ddd764fbcbc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 13:14:39 +0200
Subject: typo

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 23a9c2a7..5a121937 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ that doesn't work on the Hurd.
 One particular problem for desktop use is the fact that while X does
 work, it works very poorly -- it's not only slow and jerky all the time,
 but also tends to lock up completely. (At least with the local socket
-transport... Haven't tried wheather forcing TCP works better.)
+transport... Haven't tried whether forcing TCP works better.)
 
 Note that while many of the stability problems are simply bugs to fix,
 the system will still be very fragile in the absence of these -- a
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 017bc841c14053299e92504ab121af9df52b7eaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 14:36:36 +0200
Subject: Formatting.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 5a121937..19b2889f 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -60,38 +60,39 @@ already expect delays; to disappoint them in this way as
 well would be unfortunate. Moreover, it would lessen the
 possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 
-## Usability status 2009-06-11
 
-*(This text is taken from two emails posted on the [[bug-hurd mailinglist|mailing_lists]] 
-by Olaf Buddenhagen)*
-
-I have been using the Hurd for most of my everyday work for some two
-years now. Most of the time it's pretty OK, but occasionally programs
-crash, or the screen session dies, or even the whole system. Also,
-various programs simply don't work at all, or don't work in certain
-situations.
-
-While I have learned to work around many of these issues, I don't
-believe I would be able to use it as my primary system, without having a
-GNU/Linux system running in parallel, as a fallback for all the stuff
-that doesn't work on the Hurd.
-
-[...]
-
-One particular problem for desktop use is the fact that while X does
-work, it works very poorly -- it's not only slow and jerky all the time,
-but also tends to lock up completely. (At least with the local socket
-transport... Haven't tried whether forcing TCP works better.)
-
-Note that while many of the stability problems are simply bugs to fix,
-the system will still be very fragile in the absence of these -- a
-simple port leak is sufficient to kill it within seconds. This is
-something that can't be easily solved. Properly fixing this will require
-a sound resource accounting framework, i.e. very fundamental changes to
-the system... Though I tend to believe that it could be improved at
-least partially, at the expense of flexibility, by enforcing certain
-fixed limits on users, processes etc. like other UNIX systems do.
-
-[...]
-
-[But] unlike a few years back [...] the system is stable enough under load nowadays [...].
+## Usability Reports
+
+### Olaf Buddenhagen, 2009-06-11
+
+> I have been using the Hurd for most of my everyday work for some two
+> years now. Most of the time it's pretty OK, but occasionally programs
+> crash, or the screen session dies, or even the whole system. Also,
+> various programs simply don't work at all, or don't work in certain
+> situations.
+> 
+> While I have learned to work around many of these issues, I don't
+> believe I would be able to use it as my primary system, without having a
+> GNU/Linux system running in parallel, as a fallback for all the stuff
+> that doesn't work on the Hurd.
+> 
+> [...]
+> 
+> One particular problem for desktop use is the fact that while X does
+> work, it works very poorly -- it's not only slow and jerky all the time,
+> but also tends to lock up completely. (At least with the local socket
+> transport... Haven't tried whether forcing TCP works better.)
+> 
+> Note that while many of the stability problems are simply bugs to fix,
+> the system will still be very fragile in the absence of these -- a
+> simple port leak is sufficient to kill it within seconds. This is
+> something that can't be easily solved. Properly fixing this will require
+> a sound resource accounting framework, i.e. very fundamental changes to
+> the system... Though I tend to believe that it could be improved at
+> least partially, at the expense of flexibility, by enforcing certain
+> fixed limits on users, processes etc. like other UNIX systems do.
+> 
+> [...]
+> 
+> [But] unlike a few years back [...] the system is stable enough under
+> load nowadays [...].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b39a48c0011f06229b0b463f7eca51c4ee6f0c92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 14:37:19 +0200
Subject: Change date.

This actually was from 2009-06-09, see
<http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2009-06/msg00074.html>.
---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 19b2889f..a22802ff 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 
 ## Usability Reports
 
-### Olaf Buddenhagen, 2009-06-11
+### Olaf Buddenhagen, 2009-06-09
 
 > I have been using the Hurd for most of my everyday work for some two
 > years now. Most of the time it's pretty OK, but occasionally programs
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f0f82000b192bc85100dc9358dddca282f394454 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:51:57 +0200
Subject: add direct link to porting guidelines

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 3d25b4b9..0882bea3 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Hurd, however, many programs fail to build for various reasons.
 A [list of build failures including error
 messages](http://unstable.buildd.net/buildd/hurd-i386_Failed.html) can be
 found, as well as a [preliminary
-analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them and [solutions](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00001.html).
+analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them and [solutions](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00001.html), and some more details in [[hurd/porting/guidelines]].
 
 It might be a good idea to record your intention to port something either in
 the list below or in the [Alioth task
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f448121625e4b1c41f785379d1b651904ad8dcfb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 14:47:03 +0200
Subject: Fix broken QEMU links.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                  | 4 ++--
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn | 5 +++--
 qemu.mdwn                               | 5 +++--
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index a059f3b1..3c1738e9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply i
 
 ## Having QEMU create *virtual FAT disk images*
 
-[Manual](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC24).
+[Manual](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC24).
 
 QEMU has a facility to create FAT file systems on-the-fly:
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ If you just want to access the internet from within QEMU, you can setup pfinet f
     # settrans -afgp /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
     # echo "nameserver 10.0.2.3" > /etc/resolv.conf
 
-(See also <http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC30>.)
+(See also <http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC30>.)
 
 Outgoing internet connections should just work then.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
index 38cc7911..21466ccb 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
 
 When you're [[running_a_system_in_QEMU|hurd/running/qemu]] you can directly
 [use GDB on the running
-kernel](http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
+kernel](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
 
 
 Alternatively you can use an approach like this one: add the following code
diff --git a/qemu.mdwn b/qemu.mdwn
index bfd2f1cb..2d6b69c9 100644
--- a/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/qemu.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -31,6 +32,6 @@ emulation under the [[GPL]].
 
 # External Links
 
-  * <http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/>
+  * <http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/>
   * <http://kidsquid.com/cgi-bin/moin.cgi> QEMU Wiki
   * [Qemu on Windows](http://www.h7.dion.ne.jp/~qemu-win/)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b60c6479a7e24591afa809343d97ab84196859cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 15:03:53 +0200
Subject: Update links into the QEMU manual.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn                  | 4 ++--
 microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 3c1738e9..48d87b35 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Now take the number of sectors for the beginning of the partition and multiply i
 
 ## Having QEMU create *virtual FAT disk images*
 
-[Manual](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC24).
+[Manual](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC25).
 
 QEMU has a facility to create FAT file systems on-the-fly:
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ If you just want to access the internet from within QEMU, you can setup pfinet f
     # settrans -afgp /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
     # echo "nameserver 10.0.2.3" > /etc/resolv.conf
 
-(See also <http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC30>.)
+(See also <http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC32>.)
 
 Outgoing internet connections should just work then.
 
diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
index 21466ccb..3a93c6ad 100644
--- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Mach has a built-in kernel debugger.
 
 When you're [[running_a_system_in_QEMU|hurd/running/qemu]] you can directly
 [use GDB on the running
-kernel](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC36).
+kernel](http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC48).
 
 
 Alternatively you can use an approach like this one: add the following code
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b478a681577dccffbc8702063529898036b8f644 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 15:13:36 +0200
Subject: Explain a bit more verbose.

---
 hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
index 646738b1..71eb5c1e 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sometimes it may already be helpful to capture a translator's `stdout` and
-`stderr`, for example like this:
+`stderr`, for example in this situation where [[translator/pfinet]] was
+silently dying all the time, without any console output:
 
     $ sudo settrans -fgap ↩
       /servers/socket/2 ↩
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 15a58391abdcb2d8e45b702ca04100b924eca5ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 15:14:13 +0200
Subject: Tag this as open_issue_hurd with some explanatory text.

---
 hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
index 71eb5c1e..1e8c4ef6 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -32,3 +32,7 @@ for appropriate `fflush`es on these, or force them to be line buffered again
 using the appropriate glibc magic (`setvbuf`).  Otherwise you'll see text in
 the output files only if either glibc herself decides to flush (after some KiB
 of text) the after translator exits.
+
+It is a [[!taglink open_issue_hurd]] to decide / implement / fix that
+(all?) running (passive?) translators' output should show up on the
+console / syslog.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f85d8d27a530e75fb91ade0ef464486def092cf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 21:32:40 +0200
Subject: status: Added the information what kind of work Olaf does in the
 Hurd.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 5a121937..cc303dcf 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ believe I would be able to use it as my primary system, without having a
 GNU/Linux system running in parallel, as a fallback for all the stuff
 that doesn't work on the Hurd.
 
+My everyday work includes reading/writing email and other texts, preparing and giving
+presentations, text-mode web browsing, viewing pictures, IRC, reading
+PDF documents, programming, and various other random stuff...
+
 [...]
 
 One particular problem for desktop use is the fact that while X does
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From be6ec0cbbf094924d989d80ddde40d359e7f8ffd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 15:32:59 +0200
Subject: Move back some pages to their long-year locations, add some
 redirections, add stable_URL tags.

---
 history.mdwn                                    |    4 +-
 hurd-and-linux.html                             |   49 ++
 hurd-l4.mdwn                                    |    2 +
 hurd-paper.html                                 |  761 ++++++++++++++++
 hurd-talk.html                                  | 1062 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd.mdwn                                       |    2 +-
 hurd/documentation.mdwn                         |   10 +-
 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html          |   47 -
 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.mdwn          |   11 +
 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html              |  760 ----------------
 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.mdwn              |   11 +
 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html               | 1061 ----------------------
 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.mdwn               |   11 +
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn |    5 +-
 microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn    |    6 +-
 15 files changed, 1922 insertions(+), 1880 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd-and-linux.html
 create mode 100644 hurd-paper.html
 create mode 100644 hurd-talk.html
 delete mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
 create mode 100644 hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/history.mdwn b/history.mdwn
index 927482d9..8f155b54 100644
--- a/history.mdwn
+++ b/history.mdwn
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[!tag stable_URL]]
+
 Richard Stallman (RMS) started GNU in 1983, as a project to create a
 complete free operating system.  In the text of the GNU Manifesto, he
 mentioned that there is a primitive kernel.  In the first GNUsletter,
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ into multiple processes.  [Gnusletter, Jan. 1991].
 </BLOCKQUOTE>
 
 RMS explains the relationship between [[the Hurd and
-Linux|hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux]], where he mentions
+Linux|hurd-and-linux]], where he mentions
 that the FSF started developing the Hurd in 1990.  As of [Gnusletter,
 Nov. 1991], the Hurd (running on Mach) is GNU's official kernel.
 
diff --git a/hurd-and-linux.html b/hurd-and-linux.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01b08aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd-and-linux.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[!meta title="The Hurd and Linux"]]
+
+[[!tag stable_URL]]
+
+by <A HREF="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</A>.
+
+<P>
+People sometimes ask, ``Why did the FSF develop a new free kernel
+instead of using Linux?''  It's a reasonable question.  The answer,
+briefly, is that that is not the question we faced.
+
+<P>
+When we started developing the Hurd in 1990, the question facing us
+was, ``How can we get a free kernel for the GNU system?''  There was
+no free Unix-like kernel then, and we knew of no other plan to write
+one.  The only way we could expect to have a free kernel was to write
+it ourselves.  So we started.
+
+<P>
+We heard about Linux after its release.  At that time, the question
+facing us was, ``Should we cancel the Hurd project and use Linux
+instead?''
+
+<P>
+We heard that Linux was not at all portable (this may not be true
+today, but that's what we heard then).  And we heard that Linux was
+architecturally on a par with the Unix kernel; our work was leading to
+something much more powerful.
+
+<P>
+Given the years of work we had already put into the Hurd, we decided
+to finish it rather than throw them away.
+
+<P>
+If we did face the question that people ask---if Linux were already
+available, and we were considering whether to start writing another
+kernel---we would not do it.  Instead we would choose another project,
+something to do a job that no existing free software can do.
+
+<P>
+But we did start the Hurd, back then, and now we have made it work.
+We hope its superior architecture will make free operating systems
+more powerful.
diff --git a/hurd-l4.mdwn b/hurd-l4.mdwn
index 5ad3c3d4..579c1190 100644
--- a/hurd-l4.mdwn
+++ b/hurd-l4.mdwn
@@ -8,4 +8,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[!tag stable_URL]]
+
 [[!meta redir=history/port_to_l4]]
diff --git a/hurd-paper.html b/hurd-paper.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..880f5fca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd-paper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,761 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[!meta title="Towards a New Strategy of OS Design, an architectural overview
+by Thomas Bushnell, BSG."]]
+
+[[!tag stable_URL]]
+
+This article explains why FSF is developing a new operating system named the
+Hurd, which will be a foundation of the whole GNU system.
+The Hurd is built
+on top of CMU's Mach 3.0 kernel and uses Mach's virtual memory management and
+message-passing facilities.
+The GNU C Library will provide the Unix system
+call interface, and will call the Hurd for needed services it can't provide
+itself.
+The design and implementation of the Hurd is being lead by Michael
+Bushnell, with assistance from Richard Stallman, Roland McGrath,
+Jan Brittenson, and others.
+
+<H2>Part 1: A More Usable Approach to OS Design</H2>
+<P>
+The fundamental purpose of an operating system (OS) is to enable a variety of
+programs to share a single computer efficiently and productively.
+This
+demands memory protection, preemptively scheduled timesharing, coordinated
+access to I/O peripherals, and other services.
+In addition, an OS can allow
+several users to share a computer.
+In this case, efficiency demands services
+that protect users from harming each other, enable them to share without
+prior arrangement, and mediate access to physical devices.
+<P>
+On today's computer systems, programmers usually implement these goals
+through a large program called the kernel.
+Since this program must be
+accessible to all user programs, it is the natural place to add functionality
+to the system.
+Since the only model for process interaction is that of
+specific, individual services provided by the kernel, no one creates other
+places to add functionality.
+As time goes by, more and more is added to the
+kernel.
+<P>
+A traditional system allows users to add components to a kernel only if they
+both understand most of it and have a privileged status within the system.
+Testing new components requires a much more painful edit-compile-debug cycle
+than testing other programs.
+It cannot be done while others are using the
+system.
+Bugs usually cause fatal system crashes, further disrupting others'
+use of the system.
+The entire kernel is usually non-pageable.
+(There are
+systems with pageable kernels, but deciding what can be paged is difficult
+and error prone.
+Usually the mechanisms are complex, making them difficult
+to use even when adding simple extensions.)
+<P>
+Because of these restrictions, functionality which properly belongs
+<STRONG>behind</STRONG>
+the wall of a traditional kernel is usually left out of systems unless it is
+absolutely mandatory.
+Many good ideas, best done with an open/read/write
+interface cannot be implemented because of the problems inherent in the
+monolithic nature of a traditional system.
+Further, even among those with
+the endurance to implement new ideas, only those who are privileged users of
+their computers can do so.
+The software copyright system darkens the mire by
+preventing unlicensed people from even reading the kernel source.
+<P>
+Some systems have tried to address these difficulties.
+Smalltalk-80 and
+the Lisp Machine both represented one method of getting around the problem.
+System code is not distinguished from user code; all of the system is
+accessible to the user and can be changed as need be.
+Both systems were
+built around languages that facilitated such easy replacement and extension,
+and were moderately successful.
+But they both were fairly poor at insulating
+users and programs from each other, failing one of the principal goals of OS
+design.
+<P>
+Most projects that use the Mach 3.0 kernel carry on the hard-to-change
+tradition of OS design.
+The internal structure is different, but the same
+heavy barrier between user and system remains.
+The single-servers, while
+fairly easy to construct, inherit all the deficiencies of the monolithic
+kernels.
+<P>
+A multi-server divides the kernel functionality up into logical blocks with
+well-defined interfaces.
+Properly done, it is easier to make changes and add
+functionality.
+So most multi-server projects do somewhat better.
+Much more
+of the system is pageable.
+You can debug the system more easily.
+You can
+test new system components without interfering with other users.
+But the
+wall between user and system remains; no user can cross it without special
+privilege.
+<P>
+The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of
+<STRONG>system</STRONG>
+code as
+limited as possible.
+Programs are required to communicate only with a few
+essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is replaceable
+dynamically.
+Users can use whatever parts of the remainder of the system
+they want, and can easily add components themselves for other users to take
+advantage of.
+No mutual trust need exist in advance for users to use each
+other's services, nor does the system become vulnerable by trusting the
+services of arbitrary users.
+<P>
+This has been done by identifying those system components which users
+<STRONG>must</STRONG>
+use in order to communicate with each other.
+One of these is responsible for
+identifying users' identities and is called the
+<DFN>
+authentication server.
+</DFN>
+In
+order to establish each other's identities, programs must communicate, each
+with an authentication server they trust.
+Another component establishes
+control over system components by the superuser, provides global bookkeeping
+operations, and is called the
+<DFN>
+process server.
+</DFN>
+<P>
+Not all user programs need to communicate with the process server; it is only
+necessary for programs which require its services.
+Likewise, the
+authentication server is only necessary for programs that wish to communicate
+their identity to another.
+None of the remaining services carry any special
+status; not the network implementation, the filesystems, the program
+execution mechanism (including setuid), or any others.
+
+<H3>The Translator Mechanism</H3>
+<P>
+The Hurd uses Mach ports primarily as methods for communicating between users
+and servers.
+(A Mach port is a communication point on a Mach task where
+messages are sent and received.)  Each port implements a particular set of
+protocols, representing operations that can be undertaken on the underlying
+object represented by the port.
+Some of the protocols specified by the Hurd
+are the I/O protocol, used for generic I/O operations; the file protocol,
+used for filesystem operations; the socket protocol, used for network
+operations; and the process protocol, used for manipulating processes et al.
+<P>
+Most servers are accessed by opening files.
+Normally, when you open a file,
+you create a port associated with that file that is owned by the server
+that owns the directory containing the file.
+For example, a disk-based
+filesystem will normally serve a large number of ports, each of which
+represents an open file or directory.
+When a file is opened, the server
+creates a new port, associates it with the file, and returns the port to the
+calling program.
+<P>
+However, a file can have a
+<DFN>translator</DFN>
+associated with it.
+In this case,
+rather than return its own port which refers to the contents of the file, the
+server executes a translator program associated with that file.
+This
+translator is given a port to the actual contents of the file, and is then
+asked to return a port to the original user to complete the open operation.
+<P>
+This mechanism is used for
+<CODE>mount</CODE>
+by having a translator associated with
+each mount point.
+When a program opens the mount point, the translator (in
+this case, a program which understands the disk format of the mounted
+filesystem) is executed and returns a port to the program.
+After the
+translator is started, it need not be run again unless it dies; the parent
+filesystem retains a port to the translator to use in further requests.
+<P>
+The owner of a file can associate a translator with it without special
+permission.
+This means that any program can be specified as a translator.
+Obviously the system will not work properly if the translator does not
+implement the file protocol correctly.
+However, the Hurd is constructed so
+that the worst possible consequence is an interruptible hang.
+<P>
+One way to use translators is to access hierarchically structured data using
+the file protocol.
+For example, all the complexity of the user interface to
+the
+<CODE>ftp</CODE>
+program is removed.
+Users need only know that a particular
+directory represents FTP and can use all the standard file manipulation
+commands (e.g
+<CODE>ls</CODE>
+or
+<CODE>cp</CODE>)
+to access the remote system, rather than learning
+a new set.
+Similarly, a simple translator could ease the complexity of
+<CODE>tar</CODE>
+or
+<CODE>gzip</CODE>.
+(Such transparent access would have some added cost, but it would
+be convenient.)
+
+<H3>Generic Services</H3>
+<P>
+With translators, the filesystem can act as a rendezvous for interfaces which
+are not similar to files.
+Consider a service which implements some version
+of the X protocol, using Mach messages as an underlying transport.
+For each
+X display, a file can be created with the appropriate program as its
+translator.
+X clients would open that file.
+At that point, few file
+operations would be useful (read and write, for example, would be useless),
+but new operations (
+<CODE>XCreateWindow</CODE>
+or
+<CODE>XDrawText</CODE>)
+might become meaningful.
+In this case, the filesystem protocol is used only to manipulate
+characteristics of the node used for the rendezvous.
+The node need not
+support I/O operations, though it should reply to any such messages with a
+<CODE>message_not_understood</CODE>
+return code.
+<P>
+This translator technique is used to contact most of the services in the Hurd
+that are not structured like hierarchical filesystems.
+For example, the
+password server, which hands out authorization tags in exchange for
+passwords, is contacted this way.
+Network protocol servers are also
+contacted in this fashion.
+Roland McGrath thought up this use of translators.
+
+<H3>Clever Filesystem Pictures</H3>
+<P>
+In the Hurd, translators can also be used to present a filesystem-like view
+of another part of the filesystem, with some semantics changed.
+For example,
+it would be nice to have a filesystem that cannot itself be changed, but
+nonetheless records changed versions of its files elsewhere.
+(This could be
+useful for source code management.)
+<P>
+The Hurd will have a translator which creates a directory which is a
+conceptual union of other directories, with collision resolution rules of
+various sorts.
+This can be used to present a single directory to users that
+contains all the programs they would want to execute.
+There are other useful
+variations on this theme.
+
+<H3>What The User Can Do</H3>
+<P>
+No translator gains extra privilege by virtue of being hooked into the
+filesystem.
+Translators run with the uid of the owner of the file being
+translated, and can only be set or changed by that owner.
+The I/O and
+filesystem protocols are carefully designed to allow their use by mutually
+untrusting clients and servers.
+Indeed, translators are just ordinary
+programs.
+The GNU C library has a variety of facilities to make common sorts
+of translators easier to write.
+<P>
+Some translators may need special privileges, such as the password server or
+translators which allow setuid execution.
+These translators could be run by
+anyone, but only if they are set on a root-owned node would they be able to
+provide all their services successfully.
+This is analogous to letting any
+user call the
+<CODE>reboot</CODE>
+system call, but only honoring it if that user is root.
+
+<H3>Why This Is So Different</H3>
+<P>
+What this design provides is completely novel to the Unix world.
+Until now,
+OSs have kept huge portions of their functionality in the realm of system
+code, thus preventing its modification and extension except in extreme need.
+Users cannot replace parts of the system in their programs no matter how much
+easier that would make their task, and system managers are loath to install
+random tweaks off the net into their kernels.
+<P>
+In the Hurd, users can change almost all of the things that are decided for
+them in advance by traditional systems.
+In combination with the tremendous
+control given by the Mach kernel over task address spaces and properties, the
+Hurd provides a system in which users will, for the first time, be able to
+replace parts of the system they dislike, without disrupting other users.
+<P>
+Most Mach-based OSs to date have mostly implemented a wider set of the
+<STRONG>
+same old
+</STRONG>
+Unix semantics in a new environment.
+In contrast, GNU is extending
+those semantics to allow users to improve, bypass, or replace them.
+
+
+<H2>Part 2: A Look at Some of the Hurd's Beasts</H2>
+<H3>The Authentication Server</H3>
+<P>
+One of the Hurd's more central servers is the authentication server.
+Each
+port to this server identifies a user and is associated by this server with
+an
+<DFN>id block</DFN>.
+Each id block contains sets of user and group ids.
+Either
+set may be empty.
+This server is not the same as the password server
+referred to above.
+<P>
+The authentication server exports three services.
+First, it provides simple
+boolean operations on authentication ports: given two authentication ports,
+this server will provide a third port representing the union of the two sets
+of uids and gids.
+Second,  this server allows any user with a uid of zero to
+create an arbitrary authentication port.
+Finally, this server provides RPCs
+(Remote Procedure Calls between different programs and possibly different
+hosts) which allow mutually untrusting clients and servers to establish their
+identities and pass initial information on each other.
+This is crucial to
+the security of the filesystem and I/O protocols.
+<P>
+Any user could write a program which implements the authentication protocol;
+this does not violate the system's security.
+When a service needs to
+authenticate a user, it communicates with its trusted authentication server.
+If that user is using a different authentication server, the transaction will
+fail and the server can refuse to communicate further.
+Because, in effect,
+this forces all programs on the system to use the same authentication server,
+we have designed its interface to make any safe operation possible, and to
+include no extraneous operations.
+(This is why there is a separate password
+server.)
+<H3>The Process Server</H3>
+<P>
+The process server acts as an information categorization repository.
+There
+are four main services supported by this server.
+First, the process server
+keeps track of generic host-level information not handled by the Mach kernel.
+For example, the hostname, the hostid, and the system version are maintained
+by the process server.
+Second, this server maintains the Posix notions of
+sessions and process groups, to help out programs that wish to use Posix
+features.
+<P>
+Third, the process server maintains a one-to-one mapping between Mach tasks
+and Hurd processes.
+Every task is assigned a pid.
+Processes can register a
+message port with this server, which can then be given out to any program
+which requests it.
+This server makes no attempt to keep these message ports
+private, so user programs are expected to implement whatever security they
+need themselves.
+(The GNU C Library provides convenient functions for all
+this.) Processes can tell the process server their current `argv' and `envp'
+values; this server will then provide, on request, these vectors of arguments
+and environment.
+This is useful for writing
+<CODE>ps</CODE>-like
+programs and also
+makes it easier to hide or change this information.
+None of these features
+are mandatory.
+Programs are free to disregard all of this and never register
+themselves with the process server at all.
+They will, however, still have a
+pid assigned.
+<P>
+Finally, the process server implements
+<DFN>process collections</DFN>,
+which are used
+to collect a number of process message ports at the same time.
+Also,
+facilities are provided for converting between pids, process server ports,
+and Mach task ports, while ensuring the security of the ports managed.
+<P>
+It is important to stress that the process server is optional.
+Because of
+restrictions in Mach, programs must run as root in order to identify all the
+tasks in the system.
+But given that, multiple process servers could
+co-exist, each with their own clients, giving their own model of the
+universe.
+Those process server features which do not require root privileges
+to be implemented could be done as per-user servers.
+The user's hands are
+not tied.
+<H3>Transparent FTP</H3>
+<P>
+Transparent FTP is an intriguing idea whose time has come.
+The popular
+<CODE>ange-ftp</CODE>
+package available for GNU Emacs makes access to FTP files
+virtually transparent to all the Emacs file manipulation functions.
+Transparent FTP does the same thing, but in a system wide fashion.
+This
+server is not yet written; the details remain to be fleshed out, and will
+doubtless change with experience.
+<P>
+In a BSD kernel, a transparent FTP filesystem would be no harder to write
+than in the Hurd.
+But mention the idea to a BSD kernel hacker, and the
+response is that ``such a thing doesn't belong in the kernel''.
+In a sense,
+this is correct.
+It violates all the layering principles of such systems to
+place such things in the kernel.
+The unfortunate side effect, however, is
+that the design methodology (which is based on preventing users from changing
+things they don't like) is being used to prevent system designers from making
+things better.
+(Recent BSD kernels make it possible to write a user program
+that provides transparent FTP.
+An example is
+<CODE>alex</CODE>,
+but it needs to run
+with full root privileges.)
+<P>
+In the Hurd, there are no obstacles to doing transparent FTP.
+A translator
+will be provided for the node
+<CODE>/ftp</CODE>.
+The contents of
+<CODE>/ftp</CODE>
+will probably
+not be directly listable, though further subdirectories will be.
+There will
+be a variety of possible formats.
+For example, to access files on uunet, one
+could
+<CODE>
+cd /ftp/ftp.uu.net:anonymous:mib@gnu.
+</CODE>
+Or to access files on a remote
+account, one might
+<CODE>
+cd /ftp/gnu.org:mib:passwd.
+</CODE>
+Parts of this
+command could be left out and the transparent FTP program would read them
+from a user's
+<CODE>.netrc</CODE>
+file.
+In the last case, one might just
+<CODE>
+cd /ftp/gnu.org;
+</CODE>
+when the rest of the data is already in
+<CODE>.netrc</CODE>.
+<P>
+There is no need to do a
+<CODE>cd</CODE>
+first--use any file command.
+To find out about
+RFC 1097 (the Telnet Subliminal Message Option), just type
+<CODE>
+more /ftp/ftp.uu.net/inet/rfc/rfc1097.
+</CODE>
+A copy command to a local disk
+could be used if the RFC would be read frequently.
+<H3>Filesystems</H3>
+<P>
+Ordinary filesystems are also being implemented.
+The initial release of the
+Hurd will contain a filesystem upwardly compatible with the BSD 4.4 Fast File
+System.
+In addition to the ordinary semantics, it will provide means to
+record translators, offer thirty-two bit user ids and group ids, and supply a
+new id per file, called the
+<DFN>author</DFN>
+of the file, which can be set by the
+owner arbitrarily.
+In addition, because users in the Hurd can have multiple
+uids (or even none), there is an additional set of permission bits providing
+access control for
+<DFN>
+unknown user
+</DFN>
+(no uids) as distinct from
+<DFN>
+known but arbitrary user
+</DFN>
+(some uids: the existing
+<DFN>world</DFN>
+category of file
+permissions).
+<P>
+The Network File System protocol will be implemented using 4.4 BSD as a
+starting point.
+A log-structured filesystem will also be implemented using
+the same ideas as in Sprite, but probably not the same format.
+A GNU network
+file protocol may be designed in time, or NFS may be extended to remove its
+deficiencies.
+There will also be various ``little'' filesystems, such as the
+MS-DOS filesystem, to help people move files between GNU and other OSs.
+
+<H3>Terminals</H3>
+<P>
+An I/O server will provide the terminal semantics of Posix.
+The GNU C
+Library has features for keeping track of the controlling terminal and for
+arranging to have proper job control signals sent at the proper times, as
+well as features for obeying keyboard and hangup signals.
+<P>
+Programs will be able to insert a terminal driver into communications
+channels in a variety of ways.
+Servers like
+<CODE>rlogind</CODE>
+will be able to insert
+the terminal protocol onto their network communication port.
+Pseudo-terminals will not be necessary, though they will be provided for
+backward compatibility with older programs.
+No programs in GNU will depend
+on them.
+<P>
+Nothing about a terminal driver is forced upon users.
+A terminal driver
+allows a user to get at the underlying communications channel easily, to
+bypass itself on an as-needed basis or altogether, or to substitute a
+different terminal driver-like program.
+In the last case, provided the
+alternate program implements the necessary interfaces, it will be used by the
+C Library exactly as if it were the ordinary terminal driver.
+<P>
+Because of this flexibility, the original terminal driver will not provide
+complex line editing features, restricting itself to the behavior found in
+Posix and BSD.
+In time, there will be a
+<CODE>readline</CODE>-based
+terminal driver,
+which will provide complex line-editing features for those users who want
+them.
+<P>
+The terminal driver will probably not provide good support for the
+high-volume, rapid data transmission required by UUCP or SLIP.
+Those
+programs do not need any of its features.
+Instead they will be using the
+underlying Mach device ports for terminals, which support moving large
+amounts of data efficiently.
+
+<H3>Executing Programs</H3>
+<P>
+The implementation of the
+<CODE>execve</CODE>
+call is spread across three programs.
+The
+library marshals the argument and environment vectors.
+It then sends a
+message to the file server that holds the file to be executed.
+The file
+server checks execute permissions and makes whatever changes it desires in
+the exec call.
+For example, if the file is marked setuid and the fileserver
+has the ability, it will change the user identification of the new image.
+The file server also decides if programs which had access to the old task
+should continue to have access to the new task.
+If the file server is
+augmenting permissions, or executing an unreadable image, then the exec needs
+to take place in a new Mach task to maintain security.
+<P>
+After deciding the policy associated with the new image, the filesystem calls
+the exec server to load the task.
+This server, using the BFD (Binary File
+Descriptor) library, loads the image.
+BFD supports a large number of object
+file formats; almost any supported format will be executable.
+This server
+also handles scripts starting with
+<CODE>#!</CODE>,
+running them through the indicated
+program.
+<P>
+The standard exec server also looks at the environment of the new image; if
+it contains a variable
+<CODE>EXECSERVERS</CODE>
+then it uses the programs specified
+there as exec servers instead of the system default.
+(This is, of course,
+not done for execs that the file server has requested be kept secure.)
+<P>
+The new image starts running in the GNU C Library, which sends a message to
+the exec server to get the arguments, environment, umask, current directory,
+etc.
+None of this additional state is special to the file or exec servers;
+if programs wish, they can use it in a different manner than the Library.
+
+<H3>New Processes</H3>
+<P>
+The
+<CODE>fork</CODE>
+call is implemented almost entirely in the GNU C Library.
+The new
+task is created by Mach kernel calls.
+The C Library arranges to have its
+image inherited properly.
+The new task is registered with the process server
+(though this is not mandatory).
+The C Library provides vectors of functions
+to be called at fork time: one vector to be called before the fork, one after
+in the parent, and one after in the child.
+(These features should not be
+used to replace the normal fork-calling sequence; it is intended for
+libraries which need to close ports or clean up before a fork occurs.)
+The C
+library will implement both fork calls specified by the draft Posix.4a (the
+proposed standard dealing with the threads extension to the real-time
+extension).
+<P>
+Nothing forces the user to create new tasks this way.
+If a program wants to
+use almost the normal fork, but with some special characteristics, then it
+can do so.
+Hooks will be provided by the C Library, or the function can even
+be completely replaced.
+None of this is possible in a traditional Unix
+system.
+
+<H3>Asynchronous Messages</H3>
+<P>
+As mentioned above, the process server maintains a
+<DFN>
+message port
+</DFN>
+for each
+task registered with it.
+These ports are public, and are used to send
+asynchronous messages to the task.
+Signals, for example, are sent to the
+message port.
+The signal message also provides a port as an indication that
+the sender should be trusted to send the signal.
+The GNU C Library lists a
+variety of ports in a table, each of which identifies a set of signals that
+can be sent by anyone who possesses that port.
+For example, if the user
+possesses the task's kernel port, it is allowed to send any signal.
+If the
+user possesses a special
+<DFN>
+terminal id
+</DFN>
+port, it is allowed to send the
+keyboard and hangup signals.
+Users can add arbitrary new entries into the C
+library's signal permissions table.
+<P>
+When a process's process group changes, the process server will send it a
+message indicating the new process group.
+In this case, the process server
+proves its authority by providing the task's kernel port.
+<P>
+The C library also has messages to add and delete uids currently used by the
+process.
+If new uids are sent to the program, the library adds them to its
+current set, and then exchanges messages with all the I/O servers it knows
+about, proving to them its new authorization.
+Similarly, a message can
+delete uids.
+In the latter case, the caller must provide the process's task
+port.
+(You can't harm a process by giving it extra permission, but you can
+harm it by taking permission away.)  The Hurd will provide user programs to
+send these messages to processes.
+For example, the
+<CODE>su</CODE>
+command will be able
+to cause all the programs in your current login session, to gain a new uid,
+rather than spawn a subshell.
+<P>
+The C library will allow programs to add asynchronous messages they wish to
+recognize, as well as prevent recognition of the standard set.
+<H3>Making It Look Like Unix</H3>
+<P>
+The C Library will implement all of the calls from BSD and Posix as well as
+some obvious extensions to them.
+This enables users to replace those calls
+they dislike or bypass them entirely, whereas in Unix the calls must be used
+``as they come'' with no alternatives possible.
+<P>
+In some environments binary compatibility will also be supported.
+This works
+by building a special version of the library which is then loaded somewhere
+in the address space of the process.
+(For example, on a VAX, it would be
+tucked in above the stack.)  A feature of Mach, called system call
+redirection, is then used to trap Unix system calls and turn them into jumps
+into this special version of the library.
+(On almost all machines, the cost
+of such a redirection is very small; this is a highly optimized path in Mach.
+On a 386 it's about two dozen instructions.
+This is little worse than a
+simple procedure call.)
+<P>
+Many features of Unix, such as signal masks and vectors, are handled
+completely by the library.
+This makes such features significantly cheaper
+than in Unix.
+It is now reasonable to use
+<CODE>sigblock</CODE>
+extensively to protect
+critical sections, rather than seeking out some other, less expensive method.
+
+<H3>Network Protocols</H3>
+<P>
+The Hurd will have a library that will make it very easy to port 4.4 BSD
+protocol stacks into the Hurd.
+This will enable operation, virtually for
+free, of all the protocols supported by BSD.
+Currently, this includes the
+CCITT protocols, the TCP/IP protocols, the Xerox NS protocols, and the ISO
+protocols.
+<P>
+For optimal performance some work would be necessary to take advantage of
+Hurd features that provide for very high speed I/O.
+For most protocols this
+will require some thought, but not too much time.
+The Hurd will run the
+TCP/IP protocols as efficiently as possible.
+<P>
+As an interesting example of the flexibility of the Hurd design, consider the
+case of IP trailers, used extensively in BSD for performance.
+While the Hurd
+will be willing to send and receive trailers, it will gain fairly little
+advantage in doing so because there is no requirement that data be copied and
+avoiding copies for page-aligned data is irrelevant.
diff --git a/hurd-talk.html b/hurd-talk.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec9eb777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd-talk.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1062 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001 Marcus Brinkmann"]]
+
+[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
+
+[[!meta title="The Hurd, a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann"]]
+
+[[!tag stable_URL]]
+
+<H4><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H4>
+<UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#int" NAME="TOCint">Introduction</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ove" NAME="TOCove">Overview</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#his" NAME="TOChis">Historicals</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ker" NAME="TOCker">Kernel Architectures</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#mic" NAME="TOCmic">Micro vs Monolithic</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#sin" NAME="TOCsin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#mul" NAME="TOCmul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#the" NAME="TOCthe">The Hurd even more so.</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#mac" NAME="TOCmac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#how" NAME="TOChow">How to get a port?</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#exa" NAME="TOCexa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#pat" NAME="TOCpat">Pathname resolution example</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#map" NAME="TOCmap">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#filser" NAME="TOCfilser">File System Servers</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#act" NAME="TOCact">Active vs Passive</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#aut" NAME="TOCaut">Authentication</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#ope" NAME="TOCope">Operations on authentication ports</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#est" NAME="TOCest">Establishing trusted connections</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#pas" NAME="TOCpas">Password Server</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#pro" NAME="TOCpro">Process Server</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#filsys" NAME="TOCfilsys">Filesystems</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#dev" NAME="TOCdev">Developing the Hurd</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#sto" NAME="TOCsto">Store Abstraction</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#deb" NAME="TOCdeb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#stabin" NAME="TOCstabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#stainf" NAME="TOCstainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#staarc" NAME="TOCstaarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#debide" NAME="TOCdebide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A>
+  <LI><A HREF="#end" NAME="TOCend">End</A>
+</UL>
+<HR>
+<H3>Talk about the Hurd</H3>
+<P>
+This talk about the Hurd was written by Marcus Brinkmann for
+<UL>
+<LI>OSDEM, Brussels, 4. Feb 2001,
+<LI>Frühjahrsfachgespräche, Cologne, 2. Mar 2001 and
+<LI>Libre Software Meeting, Bordeaux, 4. Jul 2001.
+</UL>
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCint" NAME="int">Introduction</A></H4>
+<P>
+When we talk about free software, we usually refer to the free
+software licenses.  We also need relief from software patents, so our
+freedom is not restricted by them.  But there is a third type of
+freedom we need, and that's user freedom.
+
+<P>
+Expert users don't take a system as it is.  They like to change the
+configuration, and they want to run the software that works best for
+them.  That includes window managers as well as your favourite text
+editor.  But even on a GNU/Linux system consisting only of free
+software, you can not easily use the filesystem format, network
+protocol or binary format you want without special privileges.  In
+traditional unix systems, user freedom is severly restricted by the
+system administrator.
+
+<P>
+The Hurd removes these restrictions from the user.  It provides an
+user extensible system framework without giving up POSIX compatibility
+and the unix security model.  Throughout this talk, we will see that
+this brings further advantages beside freedom.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCove" NAME="ove">Overview</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+
+<P>
+The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server
+system operating on top of the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel.
+
+<P>
+Topics:
+<UL>
+  <LI>GNU&nbsp;Mach</LI>
+  <LI>The Hurd</LI>
+  <LI>Development</LI>
+  <LI>Debian GNU/Hurd</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+<P>
+The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server system operating on top of
+the GNU&nbsp;Mach Microkernel.
+
+<P>
+I will have to explain what GNU&nbsp;Mach is, so we start with that.  Then
+I will talk about the Hurd's architecture.  After that, I will give a
+short overview on the Hurd libraries.  Finally, I will tell you how
+the Debian project is related to the Hurd.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOChis" NAME="his">Historicals</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%">
+<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>1983: Richard Stallman founds the GNU project.</LI>
+  <LI>1988: Decision is made to use Mach 3.0 as the kernel.</LI>
+  <LI>1991: Mach 3.0 is released under compatible license.</LI>
+  <LI>1991: Thomas Bushnell, BSG, founds the Hurd project.</LI>
+  <LI>1994: The Hurd boots the first time.</LI>
+  <LI>1997: Version 0.2 of the Hurd is released.<BR><BR></LI>
+  <LI>1998: Debian hurd-i386 archive is created.</LI>
+  <LI>2001: Debian GNU/Hurd snapshot fills three CD images.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+<P>
+When Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1983, he wanted to
+write an operating system consisting only of free software.  Very
+soon, a lot of the essential tools were implemented, and released
+under the GPL.  However, one critical piece was missing: The kernel.
+<P>
+After considering several alternatives, it was decided not to write a
+new kernel from scratch, but to start with the Mach microkernel.  This
+was in 1988, and it was not before 1991 that Mach was released under a
+license allowing the GNU project to distribute it as a part of the
+system.
+<P>
+In 1998, I started the Debian GNU/Hurd project, and in 2001 the number
+of available GNU/Hurd packages fills three CD images.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCker" NAME="ker">Kernel Architectures</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Microkernel:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Enforces resource management (paging, scheduling)</LI>
+  <LI>Manages tasks</LI>
+  <LI>Implements message passing for IPC</LI>
+  <LI>Provides basic hardware support</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Monolithic kernel:
+<UL>
+  <LI>No message passing necessary</LI>
+  <LI>Rich set of features (filesystems, authentication, network
+  sockets, POSIX interface, ...)</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Microkernels were very popular in the scientific world around that
+time.  They don't implement a full operating system, but only the
+infrastructure needed to enable other tasks to implement most
+features.  In contrast, monolithical kernels like Linux contain
+program code of device drivers, network protocols, process management,
+authentication, file systems, POSIX compatible interfaces and much
+more.
+<P>
+So what are the basic facilities a microkernel provides?  In general,
+this is resource management and message passing.  Resource management,
+because the kernel task needs to run in a special privileged mode of
+the processor, to be able to manipulate the memory management unit and
+perform context switches (also to manage interrupts).  Message
+passing, because without a basic communication facility the other
+tasks could not interact to provide the system services. Some
+rudimentary hardware device support is often necessary to bootstrap
+the system.  So the basic jobs of a microkernel are enforcing the
+paging policy (the actual paging can be done by an external pager
+task), scheduling, message passing and probably basic hardware device
+support.
+<P>
+Mach was the obvious choice back then, as it provides a rich set of
+interfaces to get the job done.  Beside a rather brain-dead device
+interface, it provides tasks and threads, a messaging system allowing
+synchronous and asynchronous operation and a complex interface for
+external pagers.  It's certainly not one of the sexiest microkernels
+that exist today, but more like a big old mama.  The GNU project
+maintains its own version of Mach, called GNU&nbsp;Mach, which is based on
+Mach 4.0.  In addition to the features contained in Mach 4.0, the GNU
+version contains many of the Linux 2.0 block device and network card
+drivers.
+<P>
+A complete treatment of the differences between a microkernel and
+monolithical kernel design can not be provided here.  But a couple of
+advantages of a microkernel design are fairly obvious.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmic" NAME="mic">Micro vs Monolithic</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Microkernel
+<UL>
+  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities
+  <LI>Flexibility in operating system design, easier debugging</LI>
+  <LI>More stability (less code to break)</LI>
+  <LI>New features are not added to the kernel</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Monolithic kernel
+<UL>
+  <LI>Intolerance or creeping featuritis</LI>
+  <LI>Danger of spaghetti code</LI>
+  <LI>Small changes can have far reaching side effects</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Because the system is split up into several components, clean
+interfaces have to be developed, and the responsibilities of each part
+of the system must be clear.
+<P>
+Once a microkernel is written, it can be used as the base for several
+different operating systems.  Those can even run in parallel which
+makes debugging easier.  When porting, most of the hardware dependant
+code is in the kernel.
+<P>
+Much of the code that doesn't need to run in the special kernel mode
+of the processor is not part of the kernel, so stability increases
+because there is simply less code to break.
+<P>
+New features are not added to the kernel, so there is no need to hold
+the barrier high for new operating system features.
+<P>
+Compare this to a monolithical kernel, where you either suffer from
+creeping featuritis or you are intolerant of new features (we see both
+in the Linux kernel).
+<P>
+Because in a monolithical kernel, all parts of the kernel can access
+all data structures in other parts, it is more likely that short cuts
+are used to avoid the overhead of a clean interface.  This leads to a
+simple speed up of the kernel, but also makes it less comprehensible
+and more error prone.  A small change in one part of the kernel can
+break remote other parts.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCsin" NAME="sin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Single Server
+<UL>
+  <LI>A single task implements the functionality of the operating system.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Multi Server
+<UL>
+  <LI>Many tasks cooperate to provide the system's functionality.</LI>
+  <LI>One server provides only a small but well-defined part of the
+  whole system.</LI>
+  <LI>The responsibilities are distributed logically among the servers.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+A single-server system is comparable to a monolithic kernel system. It
+has similar
+advantages and disadvantages.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+There exist a couple of operating systems based on Mach, but they all
+have the same disadvantages as a monolithical kernel, because those
+operating systems are implemented in one single process running on top
+of the kernel.  This process provides all the services a monolithical
+kernel would provide.  This doesn't make a whole lot of sense (the
+only advantage is that you can probably run several of such isolated
+single servers on the same machine).  Those systems are also called
+single-server systems.  The Hurd is the only usable multi-server
+system on top of Mach.  In the Hurd, there are many server programs,
+each one responsible for a unique service provided by the operating
+system.  These servers run as Mach tasks, and communicate using the
+Mach message passing facilities.  One of them does only provide a
+small part of the functionality of the system, but together they build
+up a complete and functional POSIX compatible operating system.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmul" NAME="mul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Any multi-server has advantages over single-server:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities</LI>
+  <LI>More stability: If one server dies, all others remain</LI>
+  <LI>Easier development cycle: Testing without reboot (or replacing
+  running servers), debugging with gdb</LI>
+  <LI>Easier to make changes and add new features
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Using several servers has many advantages, if done right.  If a file
+system server for a mounted partition crashes, it doesn't take down
+the whole system.  Instead the partition is "unmounted", and
+you can try to start the server again, probably debugging it this time
+with gdb.  The system is less prone to errors in individual
+components, and over-all stability increases.  The functionality of
+the system can be extended by writing and starting new servers
+dynamically.  (Developing these new servers is easier for the reasons
+just mentioned.)
+<P>
+But even in a multi-server system the barrier between the system and
+the users remains, and special privileges are needed to cross it.  We
+have not achieved user freedom yet.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCthe" NAME="the">The Hurd even more so.</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The Hurd goes beyond all this, and allows users to write and run their
+servers, too!
+<UL>
+  <LI>Users can replace system servers dynamically with their own
+  implementations.</LI>
+  <LI>Users can decide what parts of the remainder of the system they
+  want to use.</LI>
+  <LI>Users can extend the functionality of the system.</LI>
+  <LI>No mutual trust necessary to make use of other users
+  services.</LI>
+  <LI>Security of the system is not harmed by trusting users
+  services.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+To quote Thomas Bushnell, BSG, from his paper
+[[``Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_design''_(1996)|hurd-paper]]:
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of system code
+as limited as possible.  Programs are required to communicate only
+with a few essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is
+replaceable dynamically.  Users can use whatever parts of the
+remainder of the system they want, and can easily add components
+themselves for other users to take advantage of.  No mutual trust need
+exist in advance for users to use each other's services, nor does the
+system become vulnerable by trusting the services of arbitrary users.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+<P>
+<EM>So the Hurd is a set of servers running on top of the Mach
+micro-kernel, providing a POSIX compatible and extensible operating
+system.  What servers are there?  What functionality do they provide,
+and how do they cooperate?</EM>
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmac" NAME="mac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Ports are message queues which can be used as one-way communication
+channels.
+<UL>
+  <LI>Port rights are receive, send or send-once</LI>
+  <LI>Exactly one receiver</LI>
+  <LI>Potentially many senders</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+MIG provides remote procedure calls on top of Mach IPC. RPCs look like
+function calls to the user.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Inter-process communication in Mach is based on the ports concept.  A
+port is a message queue, used as a one-way communication channel.  In
+addition to a port, you need a port right, which can be a send right,
+receive right, or send-once right.  Depending on the port right, you
+are allowed to send messages to the server, receive messages from it,
+or send just one single message.
+<P>
+For every port, there exists exactly one task holding the receive
+right, but there can be no or many senders.  The send-once right is
+useful for clients expecting a response message.  They can give a
+send-once right to the reply port along with the message.  The kernel
+guarantees that at some point, a message will be received on the reply
+port (this can be a notification that the server destroyed the
+send-once right).
+<P>
+You don't need to know much about the format a message takes to be
+able to use the Mach IPC.  The Mach interface generator mig hides the
+details of composing and sending a message, as well as receiving the
+reply message.  To the user, it just looks like a function call, but
+in truth the message could be sent over a network to a server running
+on a different computer.  The set of remote procedure calls a server
+provides is the public interface of this server.
+
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOChow" NAME="how">How to get a port?</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Traditional Mach:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Nameserver provides ports to all registered servers.</LI>
+  <LI>The nameserver port itself is provided by Mach.</LI>
+  <LI>Like a phone book: One list.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+The Hurd:
+<UL>
+  <LI>The filesystem is used as the server namespace.</LI>
+  <LI>Root directory port is inserted into each task.</LI>
+  <LI>The C library finds other ports with hurd_file_name_lookup,
+  performing a pathname resolution.</LI>
+  <LI>Like a tree of phone books.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+So how does one get a port to a server?  You need something like a
+phone book for server ports, or otherwise you can only talk to
+yourself.  In the original Mach system, a special nameserver is
+dedicated to that job.  A task could get a port to the nameserver from
+the Mach kernel and ask it for a port (with send right) to a server
+that registered itself with the nameserver at some earlier time.
+<P>
+In the Hurd, there is no nameserver.  Instead, the filesystem is used
+as the server namespace.  This works because there is always a root
+filesystem in the Hurd (remember that the Hurd is a POSIX compatible
+system); this is an assumption the people who developed Mach couldn't
+make, so they had to choose a different strategy.  You can use the
+function hurd_file_name_lookup, which is part of the C library, to get
+a port to the server belonging to a filename.  Then you can start to
+send messages to the server in the usual way.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCexa" NAME="exa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><PRE>
+mach_port_t identity;
+mach_port_t pwserver;
+kern_return_t err;
+
+pwserver = hurd_file_name_lookup
+                ("/servers/password");
+
+err = password_check_user (pwserver,
+                           0 /* root */, "supass",
+                           &identity);
+</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+As a concrete example, the special filename
+<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> can be used to request a port to the
+Hurd password server, which is responsible to check user provided
+passwords.
+<P>
+(explanation of the example)
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCpat" NAME="pat">Pathname resolution example</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Task: Lookup /mnt/readme.txt where /mnt has a mounted filesystem.
+<UL>
+  <LI>The C library asks the root filesystem server about
+  <SAMP>/mnt/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+  <LI>The root filesystem returns a port to the mnt filesystem server
+  (matching <SAMP>/mnt</SAMP>) and the retry name
+  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+  <LI>The C library asks the mnt filesystem server about
+  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+  <LI>The mnt filesystem server returns a port to itself and records
+  that this port refers to the regular file
+  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The C library itself does not have a full list of all available
+servers.  Instead pathname resolution is used to traverse through a
+tree of servers.  In fact, filesystems themselves are implemented by
+servers (let us ignore the chicken and egg problem here).  So all the
+C library can do is to ask the root filesystem server about the
+filename provided by the user (assuming that the user wants to resolve
+an absolute path), using the <SAMP>dir_lookup</SAMP> RPC.  If the
+filename refers to a regular file or directory on the filesystem, the
+root filesystem server just returns a port to itself and records that
+this port corresponds to the file or directory in question.  But if a
+prefix of the full path matches the path of a server the root
+filesystem knows about, it returns to the C library a port to this
+server and the remaining part of the pathname that couldn't be
+resolved.  The C library than has to retry and query the other server
+about the remaining path component.  Eventually, the C library will
+either know that the remaining path can't be resolved by the last
+server in the list, or get a valid port to the server in question.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCmap" NAME="map">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="10">
+<TR>
+<TH>Filedescriptor</TH>
+<TH>Port to server providing the file</TH>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fd = open(name,...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP"
+ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>dir_lookup(..,name,..,&amp;port)</SAMP><BR>
+[pathname resolution]</TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>read(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_read(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>write(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_write(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fstat(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_stat(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
+</TR><TR>
+<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">...</TD><TD></TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+It should by now be obvious that the port returned by the server can
+be used to query the files status, content and other information from
+the server, if good remote procedure calls to do that are defined and
+implemented by it.  This is exactly what happens.  Whenever a file is
+opened using the C libraries <SAMP>open()</SAMP> call, the C library
+uses the above pathname resolution to get a port to a server providing
+the file.  Then it wraps a file descriptor around it.  So in the Hurd,
+for every open file descriptor there is a port to a server providing
+this file.  Many other C library calls like <SAMP>read()</SAMP> and
+<SAMP>write()</SAMP> just call a corresponding RPC using the port
+associated with the file descriptor.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilser" NAME="filser">File System Servers</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>Provide file and directory services for ports (and more).</LI>
+  <LI>These ports are returned by a directory lookup.</LI>
+  <LI>Translate filesystem accesses through their root path (hence the
+  name translator).</LI>
+  <LI>The C library maps the POSIX file and directory interface (and
+  more) to RPCs to the filesystem servers ports, but also does work on
+  its own.</LI>
+  <LI>Any user can install file system servers on inodes they own.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+So we don't have a single phone book listing all servers, but rather a
+tree of servers keeping track of each other.  That's really like
+calling your friend and asking for the phone number of the blond girl
+at the party yesterday.  He might refer you to a friend who hopefully
+knows more about it. Then you have to retry.
+<P>
+This mechanism has huge advantages over a single nameserver.  First,
+note that standard unix permissions on directories can be used to
+restrict access to a server (this requires that the filesystems
+providing those directories behave).  You just have to set the
+permissions of a parent directory accordingly and provide no other way
+to get a server port.
+<P>
+But there are much deeper implications.  Most of all, a pathname never
+directly refers to a file, it refers to a port of a server.  That
+means that providing a regular file with static data is just one of
+the many options the server has to service requests on the file port.
+A server can also create the data dynamically.  For example, a server
+associated with <SAMP>/dev/random</SAMP> can provide new random data
+on every <SAMP>io_read()</SAMP> on the port to it.  A server
+associated with <SAMP>/dev/fortune</SAMP> can provide a new fortune
+cookie on every <SAMP>open()</SAMP>.
+<P>
+While a regular filesystem server will just serve the data as stored
+in a filesystem on disk, there are servers providing purely virtual
+information, or a mixture of both.  It is up to the server to behave
+and provide consistent and useful data on each remote procedure call.
+If it does not, the results may not match the expectations of the user
+and confuse him.
+<P>
+A footnote from the Hurd info manual:
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+(1) You are lost in a maze of twisty little filesystems, all
+alike....
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+Because a server installed in the filesystem namespace translates all
+filesystem operations that go through its root path, such a server is
+also called "active translator".  You can install translators using
+the settrans command with the <SAMP>-a</SAMP> option.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCact" NAME="act">Active vs Passive</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Active Translators:
+<UL>
+  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans -a /cdrom /hurd/isofs /dev/hd2</SAMP>"</LI>
+  <LI>Are running filesystem servers.</LI>
+  <LI>Are attached to the root node they translate.</LI>
+  <LI>Run as a normal process.</LI>
+  <LI>Go away with every reboot, or even time out.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Many translator settings remain constant for a long time.  It would be
+very lame to always repeat the same couple of dozens settrans calls
+manually or at boot time.  So the Hurd provides a filesystem extension
+that allows to store translator settings inside the filesystem and let
+the filesystem servers do the work to start those servers on demand.
+Such translator settings are called "passive translators".  A passive
+translator is really just a command line string stored in an inode of
+the filesystem.  If during a pathname resolution a server encounters
+such a passive translator, and no active translator does exist already
+(for this node), it will use this string to start up a new translator
+for this inode, and then let the C library continue with the path
+resolution as described above.  Passive translators are installed with
+settrans using the <SAMP>-p</SAMP> option (which is already the
+default).
+
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Passive Translators:
+<UL>
+  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd1s1</SAMP>"</LI>
+  <LI>Are stored as command strings into an inode.</LI>
+  <LI>Are used to start a new active translator if there isn't
+  one.</LI>
+  <LI>Startup is transparent to the user.</LI>
+  <LI>Startup happens the first time the server is needed.</LI>
+  <LI>Are permanent across reboots (like file data).</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+So passive translators also serve as a sort of automounting feature,
+because no manual interaction is required.  The server start up is
+deferred until the service is need, and it is transparent to the user.
+<P>
+When starting up a passive translator, it will run as a normal process
+with the same user and group id as those of the underlying inode.  Any
+user is allowed to install passive and active translators on inodes
+that he owns.  This way the user can install new servers into the
+global namespace (for example, in his home or tmp directory) and thus
+extend the functionality of the system (recall that servers can
+implement other remote procedure calls beside those used for files and
+directories).  A careful design of the trusted system servers makes
+sure that no permissions leak out.
+<P>
+In addition, users can provide their own implementations of some of
+the system servers instead the system default.  For example, they can
+use their own exec server to start processes.  The user specific exec
+server could for example start java programs transparently (without
+invoking the interpreter manually).  This is done by setting the
+environment variable <SAMP>EXECSERVERS</SAMP>.  The systems default
+exec server will evaluate this environment variable and forward the
+RPC to each of the servers listed in turn, until some server accepts
+it and takes over.  The system default exec server will only do this
+if there are no security implications.  (XXX There are other ways to
+start new programs than by using the system exec server.  Those are
+still available.)
+<P>
+Let's take a closer look at some of the Hurd servers.  It was already
+mentioned that only few system servers are mandatory for users.  To
+establish your identity within the Hurd system, you have to
+communicate with the trusted systems authentication server
+<SAMP>auth</SAMP>.  To put the system administrator into control over
+the system components, the process server does some global
+bookkeeping.
+<P>
+But even these servers can be ignored.  However, registration with the
+authentication server is the only way to establish your identity
+towards other system servers.  Likewise, only tasks registered as
+processes with the process server can make use of its services.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCaut" NAME="aut">Authentication</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+A user identity is just a port to an authserver. The auth server
+stores four set of ids for it:
+<UL>
+  <LI>effective user ids</LI>
+  <LI>effective group ids</LI>
+  <LI>available user ids</LI>
+  <LI>available group ids</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Basic properties:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Any of these can be empty.</LI>
+  <LI>A 0 among the user ids identifies the superuser.</LI>
+  <LI>Effective ids are used to check if the user has the
+  permission.</LI>
+  <LI>Available ids can be turned into effective ids on user
+  request.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The Hurd auth server is used to establish the identity of a user for a
+server.  Such an identity (which is just a port to the auth server)
+consists of a set of effective user ids, a set of effective group ids,
+a set of available user ids and a set of available group ids.  Any of
+these sets can be empty.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCope" NAME="ope">Operations on authentication ports</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The auth server provides the following operations on ports:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Merge the ids of two ports into a new one.</LI>
+  <LI>Return a new port containing a subset of the ids in a port.</LI>
+  <LI>Create a new port with arbitrary ids (superuser only).</LI>
+  <LI>Establish a trusted connection between users and servers.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+If you have two identities, you can merge them and request an identity
+consisting of the unions of the sets from the auth server.  You can
+also create a new identity consisting only of subsets of an identity
+you already have.  What you can't do is extending your sets, unless
+you are the superuser which is denoted by having the user id 0.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCest" NAME="est">Establishing trusted connections</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>User provides a rendezvous port to the server (with
+  <SAMP>io_reauthenticate</SAMP>).</LI>
+  <LI>User calls <SAMP>auth_user_authenticate</SAMP> on the
+  authentication port (his identity), passing the rendezvous port.</LI>
+  <LI>Server calls <SAMP>auth_server_authenticate</SAMP> on its
+  authentication port (to a trusted auth server), passing the
+  rendezvous port and the server port.</LI> 
+  <LI>If both authentication servers are the same, it can match the
+  rendezvous ports and return the server port to the user and the user
+  ids to the server.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Finally, the auth server can establish the identity of a user for a
+server.  This is done by exchanging a server port and a user identity
+if both match the same rendezvous port.  The server port will be
+returned to the user, while the server is informed about the id sets
+of the user.  The server can then serve or reject subsequent RPCs by
+the user on the server port, based on the identity it received from
+the auth server.
+<P>
+Anyone can write a server conforming to the auth protocol, but of
+course all system servers use a trusted system auth server to
+establish the identity of a user.  If the user is not using the system
+auth server, matching the rendezvous port will fail and no server port
+will be returned to the user.  Because this practically requires all
+programs to use the same auth server, the system auth server is
+minimal in every respect, and additional functionality is moved
+elsewhere, so user freedom is not unnecessarily restricted.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCpas" NAME="pas">Password Server</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The password server <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> runs as root and
+returns a new authentication port in exchange for a unix password.
+<P>
+The ids corresponding to the authentication port match the unix user
+and group ids.
+<P>
+Support for shadow passwords is implemented here.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The password server sits at <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> and runs as
+root.  It can hand out ports to the auth server in exchange for a unix
+password, matching it against the password or shadow file.  Several
+utilities make use of this server, so they don't need to be setuid
+root.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCpro" NAME="pro">Process Server</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+The superuser must remain control over user tasks, so:
+<UL>
+  <LI>All mach tasks are associated with a PID in the system default
+  proc server.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Optionally, user tasks can store:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Their environment variables.</LI>
+  <LI>Their argument vector.</LI>
+  <LI>A port, which others can request based on the PID (like a
+  nameserver).</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Also implemented in the proc server:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Sessions and process groups.</LI>
+  <LI>Global configuration not in Mach, like hostname, hostid, system
+  version.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The process server is responsible for some global bookkeeping.  As
+such it has to be trusted and is not replaceable by the user.
+However, a user is not required to use any of its service.  In that
+case the user will not be able to take advantage of the POSIXish
+appearance of the Hurd.
+<P>
+The Mach Tasks are not as heavy as POSIX processes.  For example,
+there is no concept of process groups or sessions in Mach.  The proc
+server fills in the gap.  It provides a PID for all Mach tasks, and
+also stores the argument line, environment variables and other
+information about a process (if the mach tasks provide them, which is
+usually the case if you start a process with the default
+<SAMP>fork()</SAMP>/<SAMP>exec()</SAMP>).  A process can also register
+a message port with the proc server, which can then be requested by
+anyone.  So the proc server also functions as a nameserver using the
+process id as the name.
+<P>
+The proc server also stores some other miscellaneous information not
+provided by Mach, like the hostname, hostid and system version.
+Finally, it provides facilities to group processes and their ports
+together, as well as to convert between pids, process server ports and
+mach task ports.
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+User tasks not registering themselve with proc only have a PID assigned.
+<P>
+Users can run their own proc server in addition to the system default,
+at least for those parts of the interface that don't require superuser
+privileges.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Although the system default proc server can't be avoided (all Mach
+tasks spawned by users will get a pid assigned, so the system
+administrator can control them), users can run their own additional
+process servers if they want, implementing the features not requiring
+superuser privileges.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilsys" NAME="filsys">Filesystems</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Store based filesystems
+<UL>
+  <LI><SAMP>ext2fs</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>ufs</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>isofs</SAMP> (iso9660, RockRidge, GNU extensions)</LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>fatfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Network file systems
+<UL>
+  <LI><SAMP>nfs</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>ftpfs</SAMP></LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Miscellaneous
+<UL>
+  <LI><SAMP>hostmux</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>usermux</SAMP></LI>
+  <LI><SAMP>tmpfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+We already talked about translators and the file system service they
+provide.  Currently, we have translators for the ext2, ufs and iso9660
+filesystems.  We also have an nfs client and an ftp filesystem.
+Especially the latter is intriguing, as it provides transparent access
+to ftp servers in the filesystem.  Programs can start to move away
+from implementing a plethora of network protocols, as the files are
+directly available in the filesystem through the standard POSIX file
+interface.
+
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCdev" NAME="dev">Developing the Hurd</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Over a dozen libraries support the development of new servers.
+<P>
+For special server types highly specialized
+libraries require only the implementation of a
+number of callback functions.
+<UL>
+  <LI>Use <SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> for store based filesystems.</LI>
+  <LI>Use <SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> for network filesystems, also for
+  virtual filesystems.</LI>
+  <LI>Use <SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> for simple filesystems providing only
+  a single file or directory.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The Hurd server protocols are complex enough to allow for the
+implementation of a POSIX compatible system with GNU extensions.
+However, a lot of code can be shared by all or at least similar
+servers. For example, all storage based filesystems need to be able to
+read and write to a store medium splitted in blocks. The Hurd comes
+with several libraries which make it easy to implement new servers.
+Also, there are already a lot of examples of different server types in
+the Hurd.  This makes writing a new server easier.
+<P>
+<SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> is a library that supports writing store based
+filesystems like ext2fs or ufs. It is not very useful for filesystems
+which are purely virtual, like <SAMP>/proc</SAMP> or files in
+<SAMP>/dev</SAMP>.
+<P>
+<SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which provide a rich
+directory hierarchy, but don't use a backing store (for example ftpfs,
+nfs).
+<P>
+<SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which just provide
+a single inode or directory. Most servers which are not intended to
+provide a filesystem but other services (like
+<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP>) use it to provide a dummy file, so
+that file operations on the servers node will not return errors. But
+it can also be used to provide meaningful data in a single file, like
+a device store or a character device.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCsto" NAME="sto">Store Abstraction</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Another very useful library is libstore, which is used by all store
+based filesystems.  It provides a store media abstraction.  A store
+consists of a store class and a name (which itself can sometimes
+contain stores).
+<P>
+Primitive store classes:
+<UL>
+  <LI>device store like device:hd2, device:hd0s1, device:fd0</LI>
+  <LI>file store like file:/tmp/disk_image</LI>
+  <LI>task store like task:PID</LI>
+  <LI>zero store like zero:4m (like /dev/zero, of size 4 MB)</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Composed store classes:
+<UL>
+  <LI>copy store like copy:zero:4m</LI>
+  <LI>gunzip/bunzip2 store like gunzip:device:fd0</LI>
+  <LI>concat store like concat:device:hd0s2:device:hd1s5</LI>
+  <LI>ileave store (RAID-0(2))</LI>
+  <LI>remap store like remap:10+20,50+:file:/tmp/blocks</LI>
+  <LI>...</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Wanted: A similar abstraction for streams (based on channels), which
+can be used by network and character device servers.
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+<SAMP>libstore</SAMP> provides a store abstraction, which is used by
+all store based filesystems. The store is determined by a type and a
+name, but some store types modify another store rather than providing
+a new store, and thus stores can be stacked. For example, the device
+store type expects a Mach device, but the remap store expects a list
+of blocks to pick from another store, like remap:1+:device:hd2, which
+would pick all blocks from hd2 but the first one, which skipped.
+Because this functionality is provided in a library, all libstore
+using filesystems support many different store kinds, and adding a new
+store type is enough to make all store based filesystems support it.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCdeb" NAME="deb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Goal:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Provide a binary distribution of the Hurd that is easy to
+  install.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Constraints:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Use the same source packages as Debian GNU/Linux.</LI>
+  <LI>Use the same infrastructure:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>Policy</LI>
+    <LI>Archive</LI>
+    <LI>Bug tracking system</LI>
+    <LI>Release process</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Side Goal:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Prepare Debian for the future:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>More flexibility in the base system</LI>
+    <LI>Identify dependencies on the Linux kernel</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The Debian distribution of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd that I started in 1998 is
+supposed to become a complete binary distribution of the Hurd that is
+easy to install.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCstabin" NAME="stabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A></H4>
+<P>
+See
+<A HREF="http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png">http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png</A>
+for the most current version of the statistic.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCstainf" NAME="stainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Plus:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Source packages can identify build and host OS using
+  dpkg-architecture.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Minus:
+<UL>
+  <LI>The binary architecture field is insufficient.</LI>
+  <LI>The BTS has no architecture tag.</LI>
+  <LI>The policy/FHS need (small) Hurd specific extensions.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+While good compatibiity can be achieved at the source level,
+the binary packages can not always express their relationship
+to the available architectures sufficiently.
+<P>
+For example, the Linux version of makedev is binary-all, where
+a binary-all-linux relationship would be more appropriate.
+<P>
+More work has to be done here to fix the tools.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCstaarc" NAME="staarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<UL>
+  <LI>Most packages just work.</LI>
+  <LI>Maintainers are usually responsive and cooperative.</LI>
+  <LI>Turtle, the autobuilder, crunches through the whole list right
+  now.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Common pitfalls are POSIX incompatibilities:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Upstream:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>Unconditional use of <SAMP>PATH_MAX</SAMP>
+    (<SAMP>MAXPATHLEN</SAMP>), <SAMP>MAXHOSTNAMELEN</SAMP>.</LI>
+    <LI>Unguarded use of Linux kernel features.</LI>
+    <LI>Use of legacy interfaces (<SAMP>sys_errlist</SAMP>,
+    <SAMP>termio</SAMP>).</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+  <LI>Debian:
+  <UL>
+    <LI>Unguarded activation of extensions available with Linux.</LI>
+    <LI>Low quality patches.</LI>
+    <LI>Assuming GNU/Linux in package scripts.</LI>
+  </UL></LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+Most packages are POSIX compatible and can be compiled without
+changes on the Hurd.  The maintainers of the Debian source packages
+are usually very kind, responsiver and helpful.
+<P>
+The Turtle autobuilder software (<A
+HREF="http://turtle.sourceforge.net" >http://turtle.sourceforge.net</A>)
+builds the Debian packages on the Hurd automatically.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCdebide" NAME="debide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Upstream benefits:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Software packages become more portable.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+Debian benefits:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Debian becomes more portable.</LI>
+  <LI>Maintainers learn about portability and other systems.</LI>
+  <LI>Debian gets a lot of public recognition.</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>
+GNU/Hurd benefits:
+<UL>
+  <LI>Large software base.</LI>
+  <LI>Great infrastructure.</LI>
+  <LI>Nice community to partner with.</LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+The sheet lists the advantages of all groups involved.
+
+<H4><A HREF="#TOCend" NAME="end">End</A></H4>
+<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
+<P>
+Join us at
+<UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="http://hurd.gnu.org/" >http://hurd.gnu.org/</A></LI>
+  <LI><A HREF="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd"
+  >http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd</A></LI>
+  <LI><A HREF="http://www.hurdfr.org"
+  >http://www.hurdfr.org</A></LI>
+</UL>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+<P>
+List of contacts.
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 6c56b619..67ad46e9 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[Documentation]]
   * [Gaël Le Mignot](http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/pres-en/slides/slides.html)
 * Architecture
-  * [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|documentation/hurd-paper]] by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
+  * [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|hurd-paper]] by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
       * Marcus Brinkmann's [revisit](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00651.html)
       * Jonathan S. Shapiro [comments](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00654.html)
   * [[Critique]] - Analysis
diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index 0d311758..589246bd 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
+2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [[FAQ]]
 
-  * [[*The_Hurd_and_Linux*|hurd-and-linux]], a comment by Richard Stallman.
+  * [[*The_Hurd_and_Linux*|/hurd-and-linux]], a comment by Richard Stallman.
 
-  * [[*Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design*|hurd-paper]], an architectural
+  * [[*Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design*|/hurd-paper]], an architectural
     overview by Thomas Bushnell, BSG.
 
-  * [[*The_Hurd*|hurd-talk]], a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann.
+  * [[*The_Hurd*|/hurd-talk]], a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann.
 
   * A document about *[[translators]]* by Marcus Brinkmann.
 
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 1fc75f75..00000000
--- a/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
-
-[[!meta title="The Hurd and Linux"]]
-
-by <A HREF="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</A>.
-
-<P>
-People sometimes ask, ``Why did the FSF develop a new free kernel
-instead of using Linux?''  It's a reasonable question.  The answer,
-briefly, is that that is not the question we faced.
-
-<P>
-When we started developing the Hurd in 1990, the question facing us
-was, ``How can we get a free kernel for the GNU system?''  There was
-no free Unix-like kernel then, and we knew of no other plan to write
-one.  The only way we could expect to have a free kernel was to write
-it ourselves.  So we started.
-
-<P>
-We heard about Linux after its release.  At that time, the question
-facing us was, ``Should we cancel the Hurd project and use Linux
-instead?''
-
-<P>
-We heard that Linux was not at all portable (this may not be true
-today, but that's what we heard then).  And we heard that Linux was
-architecturally on a par with the Unix kernel; our work was leading to
-something much more powerful.
-
-<P>
-Given the years of work we had already put into the Hurd, we decided
-to finish it rather than throw them away.
-
-<P>
-If we did face the question that people ask---if Linux were already
-available, and we were considering whether to start writing another
-kernel---we would not do it.  Instead we would choose another project,
-something to do a job that no existing free software can do.
-
-<P>
-But we did start the Hurd, back then, and now we have made it work.
-We hope its superior architecture will make free operating systems
-more powerful.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.mdwn b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..678ea8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=/hurd-and-linux]]
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 86375d46..00000000
--- a/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,760 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
-
-[[!meta title="Towards a New Strategy of OS Design, an architectural overview
-by Thomas Bushnell, BSG."]]
-
-
-This article explains why FSF is developing a new operating system named the
-Hurd, which will be a foundation of the whole GNU system.
-The Hurd is built
-on top of CMU's Mach 3.0 kernel and uses Mach's virtual memory management and
-message-passing facilities.
-The GNU C Library will provide the Unix system
-call interface, and will call the Hurd for needed services it can't provide
-itself.
-The design and implementation of the Hurd is being lead by Michael
-Bushnell, with assistance from Richard Stallman, Roland McGrath,
-Jan Brittenson, and others.
-
-<H2>Part 1: A More Usable Approach to OS Design</H2>
-<P>
-The fundamental purpose of an operating system (OS) is to enable a variety of
-programs to share a single computer efficiently and productively.
-This
-demands memory protection, preemptively scheduled timesharing, coordinated
-access to I/O peripherals, and other services.
-In addition, an OS can allow
-several users to share a computer.
-In this case, efficiency demands services
-that protect users from harming each other, enable them to share without
-prior arrangement, and mediate access to physical devices.
-<P>
-On today's computer systems, programmers usually implement these goals
-through a large program called the kernel.
-Since this program must be
-accessible to all user programs, it is the natural place to add functionality
-to the system.
-Since the only model for process interaction is that of
-specific, individual services provided by the kernel, no one creates other
-places to add functionality.
-As time goes by, more and more is added to the
-kernel.
-<P>
-A traditional system allows users to add components to a kernel only if they
-both understand most of it and have a privileged status within the system.
-Testing new components requires a much more painful edit-compile-debug cycle
-than testing other programs.
-It cannot be done while others are using the
-system.
-Bugs usually cause fatal system crashes, further disrupting others'
-use of the system.
-The entire kernel is usually non-pageable.
-(There are
-systems with pageable kernels, but deciding what can be paged is difficult
-and error prone.
-Usually the mechanisms are complex, making them difficult
-to use even when adding simple extensions.)
-<P>
-Because of these restrictions, functionality which properly belongs
-<STRONG>behind</STRONG>
-the wall of a traditional kernel is usually left out of systems unless it is
-absolutely mandatory.
-Many good ideas, best done with an open/read/write
-interface cannot be implemented because of the problems inherent in the
-monolithic nature of a traditional system.
-Further, even among those with
-the endurance to implement new ideas, only those who are privileged users of
-their computers can do so.
-The software copyright system darkens the mire by
-preventing unlicensed people from even reading the kernel source.
-<P>
-Some systems have tried to address these difficulties.
-Smalltalk-80 and
-the Lisp Machine both represented one method of getting around the problem.
-System code is not distinguished from user code; all of the system is
-accessible to the user and can be changed as need be.
-Both systems were
-built around languages that facilitated such easy replacement and extension,
-and were moderately successful.
-But they both were fairly poor at insulating
-users and programs from each other, failing one of the principal goals of OS
-design.
-<P>
-Most projects that use the Mach 3.0 kernel carry on the hard-to-change
-tradition of OS design.
-The internal structure is different, but the same
-heavy barrier between user and system remains.
-The single-servers, while
-fairly easy to construct, inherit all the deficiencies of the monolithic
-kernels.
-<P>
-A multi-server divides the kernel functionality up into logical blocks with
-well-defined interfaces.
-Properly done, it is easier to make changes and add
-functionality.
-So most multi-server projects do somewhat better.
-Much more
-of the system is pageable.
-You can debug the system more easily.
-You can
-test new system components without interfering with other users.
-But the
-wall between user and system remains; no user can cross it without special
-privilege.
-<P>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of
-<STRONG>system</STRONG>
-code as
-limited as possible.
-Programs are required to communicate only with a few
-essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is replaceable
-dynamically.
-Users can use whatever parts of the remainder of the system
-they want, and can easily add components themselves for other users to take
-advantage of.
-No mutual trust need exist in advance for users to use each
-other's services, nor does the system become vulnerable by trusting the
-services of arbitrary users.
-<P>
-This has been done by identifying those system components which users
-<STRONG>must</STRONG>
-use in order to communicate with each other.
-One of these is responsible for
-identifying users' identities and is called the
-<DFN>
-authentication server.
-</DFN>
-In
-order to establish each other's identities, programs must communicate, each
-with an authentication server they trust.
-Another component establishes
-control over system components by the superuser, provides global bookkeeping
-operations, and is called the
-<DFN>
-process server.
-</DFN>
-<P>
-Not all user programs need to communicate with the process server; it is only
-necessary for programs which require its services.
-Likewise, the
-authentication server is only necessary for programs that wish to communicate
-their identity to another.
-None of the remaining services carry any special
-status; not the network implementation, the filesystems, the program
-execution mechanism (including setuid), or any others.
-
-<H3>The Translator Mechanism</H3>
-<P>
-The Hurd uses Mach ports primarily as methods for communicating between users
-and servers.
-(A Mach port is a communication point on a Mach task where
-messages are sent and received.)  Each port implements a particular set of
-protocols, representing operations that can be undertaken on the underlying
-object represented by the port.
-Some of the protocols specified by the Hurd
-are the I/O protocol, used for generic I/O operations; the file protocol,
-used for filesystem operations; the socket protocol, used for network
-operations; and the process protocol, used for manipulating processes et al.
-<P>
-Most servers are accessed by opening files.
-Normally, when you open a file,
-you create a port associated with that file that is owned by the server
-that owns the directory containing the file.
-For example, a disk-based
-filesystem will normally serve a large number of ports, each of which
-represents an open file or directory.
-When a file is opened, the server
-creates a new port, associates it with the file, and returns the port to the
-calling program.
-<P>
-However, a file can have a
-<DFN>translator</DFN>
-associated with it.
-In this case,
-rather than return its own port which refers to the contents of the file, the
-server executes a translator program associated with that file.
-This
-translator is given a port to the actual contents of the file, and is then
-asked to return a port to the original user to complete the open operation.
-<P>
-This mechanism is used for
-<CODE>mount</CODE>
-by having a translator associated with
-each mount point.
-When a program opens the mount point, the translator (in
-this case, a program which understands the disk format of the mounted
-filesystem) is executed and returns a port to the program.
-After the
-translator is started, it need not be run again unless it dies; the parent
-filesystem retains a port to the translator to use in further requests.
-<P>
-The owner of a file can associate a translator with it without special
-permission.
-This means that any program can be specified as a translator.
-Obviously the system will not work properly if the translator does not
-implement the file protocol correctly.
-However, the Hurd is constructed so
-that the worst possible consequence is an interruptible hang.
-<P>
-One way to use translators is to access hierarchically structured data using
-the file protocol.
-For example, all the complexity of the user interface to
-the
-<CODE>ftp</CODE>
-program is removed.
-Users need only know that a particular
-directory represents FTP and can use all the standard file manipulation
-commands (e.g
-<CODE>ls</CODE>
-or
-<CODE>cp</CODE>)
-to access the remote system, rather than learning
-a new set.
-Similarly, a simple translator could ease the complexity of
-<CODE>tar</CODE>
-or
-<CODE>gzip</CODE>.
-(Such transparent access would have some added cost, but it would
-be convenient.)
-
-<H3>Generic Services</H3>
-<P>
-With translators, the filesystem can act as a rendezvous for interfaces which
-are not similar to files.
-Consider a service which implements some version
-of the X protocol, using Mach messages as an underlying transport.
-For each
-X display, a file can be created with the appropriate program as its
-translator.
-X clients would open that file.
-At that point, few file
-operations would be useful (read and write, for example, would be useless),
-but new operations (
-<CODE>XCreateWindow</CODE>
-or
-<CODE>XDrawText</CODE>)
-might become meaningful.
-In this case, the filesystem protocol is used only to manipulate
-characteristics of the node used for the rendezvous.
-The node need not
-support I/O operations, though it should reply to any such messages with a
-<CODE>message_not_understood</CODE>
-return code.
-<P>
-This translator technique is used to contact most of the services in the Hurd
-that are not structured like hierarchical filesystems.
-For example, the
-password server, which hands out authorization tags in exchange for
-passwords, is contacted this way.
-Network protocol servers are also
-contacted in this fashion.
-Roland McGrath thought up this use of translators.
-
-<H3>Clever Filesystem Pictures</H3>
-<P>
-In the Hurd, translators can also be used to present a filesystem-like view
-of another part of the filesystem, with some semantics changed.
-For example,
-it would be nice to have a filesystem that cannot itself be changed, but
-nonetheless records changed versions of its files elsewhere.
-(This could be
-useful for source code management.)
-<P>
-The Hurd will have a translator which creates a directory which is a
-conceptual union of other directories, with collision resolution rules of
-various sorts.
-This can be used to present a single directory to users that
-contains all the programs they would want to execute.
-There are other useful
-variations on this theme.
-
-<H3>What The User Can Do</H3>
-<P>
-No translator gains extra privilege by virtue of being hooked into the
-filesystem.
-Translators run with the uid of the owner of the file being
-translated, and can only be set or changed by that owner.
-The I/O and
-filesystem protocols are carefully designed to allow their use by mutually
-untrusting clients and servers.
-Indeed, translators are just ordinary
-programs.
-The GNU C library has a variety of facilities to make common sorts
-of translators easier to write.
-<P>
-Some translators may need special privileges, such as the password server or
-translators which allow setuid execution.
-These translators could be run by
-anyone, but only if they are set on a root-owned node would they be able to
-provide all their services successfully.
-This is analogous to letting any
-user call the
-<CODE>reboot</CODE>
-system call, but only honoring it if that user is root.
-
-<H3>Why This Is So Different</H3>
-<P>
-What this design provides is completely novel to the Unix world.
-Until now,
-OSs have kept huge portions of their functionality in the realm of system
-code, thus preventing its modification and extension except in extreme need.
-Users cannot replace parts of the system in their programs no matter how much
-easier that would make their task, and system managers are loath to install
-random tweaks off the net into their kernels.
-<P>
-In the Hurd, users can change almost all of the things that are decided for
-them in advance by traditional systems.
-In combination with the tremendous
-control given by the Mach kernel over task address spaces and properties, the
-Hurd provides a system in which users will, for the first time, be able to
-replace parts of the system they dislike, without disrupting other users.
-<P>
-Most Mach-based OSs to date have mostly implemented a wider set of the
-<STRONG>
-same old
-</STRONG>
-Unix semantics in a new environment.
-In contrast, GNU is extending
-those semantics to allow users to improve, bypass, or replace them.
-
-
-<H2>Part 2: A Look at Some of the Hurd's Beasts</H2>
-<H3>The Authentication Server</H3>
-<P>
-One of the Hurd's more central servers is the authentication server.
-Each
-port to this server identifies a user and is associated by this server with
-an
-<DFN>id block</DFN>.
-Each id block contains sets of user and group ids.
-Either
-set may be empty.
-This server is not the same as the password server
-referred to above.
-<P>
-The authentication server exports three services.
-First, it provides simple
-boolean operations on authentication ports: given two authentication ports,
-this server will provide a third port representing the union of the two sets
-of uids and gids.
-Second,  this server allows any user with a uid of zero to
-create an arbitrary authentication port.
-Finally, this server provides RPCs
-(Remote Procedure Calls between different programs and possibly different
-hosts) which allow mutually untrusting clients and servers to establish their
-identities and pass initial information on each other.
-This is crucial to
-the security of the filesystem and I/O protocols.
-<P>
-Any user could write a program which implements the authentication protocol;
-this does not violate the system's security.
-When a service needs to
-authenticate a user, it communicates with its trusted authentication server.
-If that user is using a different authentication server, the transaction will
-fail and the server can refuse to communicate further.
-Because, in effect,
-this forces all programs on the system to use the same authentication server,
-we have designed its interface to make any safe operation possible, and to
-include no extraneous operations.
-(This is why there is a separate password
-server.)
-<H3>The Process Server</H3>
-<P>
-The process server acts as an information categorization repository.
-There
-are four main services supported by this server.
-First, the process server
-keeps track of generic host-level information not handled by the Mach kernel.
-For example, the hostname, the hostid, and the system version are maintained
-by the process server.
-Second, this server maintains the Posix notions of
-sessions and process groups, to help out programs that wish to use Posix
-features.
-<P>
-Third, the process server maintains a one-to-one mapping between Mach tasks
-and Hurd processes.
-Every task is assigned a pid.
-Processes can register a
-message port with this server, which can then be given out to any program
-which requests it.
-This server makes no attempt to keep these message ports
-private, so user programs are expected to implement whatever security they
-need themselves.
-(The GNU C Library provides convenient functions for all
-this.) Processes can tell the process server their current `argv' and `envp'
-values; this server will then provide, on request, these vectors of arguments
-and environment.
-This is useful for writing
-<CODE>ps</CODE>-like
-programs and also
-makes it easier to hide or change this information.
-None of these features
-are mandatory.
-Programs are free to disregard all of this and never register
-themselves with the process server at all.
-They will, however, still have a
-pid assigned.
-<P>
-Finally, the process server implements
-<DFN>process collections</DFN>,
-which are used
-to collect a number of process message ports at the same time.
-Also,
-facilities are provided for converting between pids, process server ports,
-and Mach task ports, while ensuring the security of the ports managed.
-<P>
-It is important to stress that the process server is optional.
-Because of
-restrictions in Mach, programs must run as root in order to identify all the
-tasks in the system.
-But given that, multiple process servers could
-co-exist, each with their own clients, giving their own model of the
-universe.
-Those process server features which do not require root privileges
-to be implemented could be done as per-user servers.
-The user's hands are
-not tied.
-<H3>Transparent FTP</H3>
-<P>
-Transparent FTP is an intriguing idea whose time has come.
-The popular
-<CODE>ange-ftp</CODE>
-package available for GNU Emacs makes access to FTP files
-virtually transparent to all the Emacs file manipulation functions.
-Transparent FTP does the same thing, but in a system wide fashion.
-This
-server is not yet written; the details remain to be fleshed out, and will
-doubtless change with experience.
-<P>
-In a BSD kernel, a transparent FTP filesystem would be no harder to write
-than in the Hurd.
-But mention the idea to a BSD kernel hacker, and the
-response is that ``such a thing doesn't belong in the kernel''.
-In a sense,
-this is correct.
-It violates all the layering principles of such systems to
-place such things in the kernel.
-The unfortunate side effect, however, is
-that the design methodology (which is based on preventing users from changing
-things they don't like) is being used to prevent system designers from making
-things better.
-(Recent BSD kernels make it possible to write a user program
-that provides transparent FTP.
-An example is
-<CODE>alex</CODE>,
-but it needs to run
-with full root privileges.)
-<P>
-In the Hurd, there are no obstacles to doing transparent FTP.
-A translator
-will be provided for the node
-<CODE>/ftp</CODE>.
-The contents of
-<CODE>/ftp</CODE>
-will probably
-not be directly listable, though further subdirectories will be.
-There will
-be a variety of possible formats.
-For example, to access files on uunet, one
-could
-<CODE>
-cd /ftp/ftp.uu.net:anonymous:mib@gnu.
-</CODE>
-Or to access files on a remote
-account, one might
-<CODE>
-cd /ftp/gnu.org:mib:passwd.
-</CODE>
-Parts of this
-command could be left out and the transparent FTP program would read them
-from a user's
-<CODE>.netrc</CODE>
-file.
-In the last case, one might just
-<CODE>
-cd /ftp/gnu.org;
-</CODE>
-when the rest of the data is already in
-<CODE>.netrc</CODE>.
-<P>
-There is no need to do a
-<CODE>cd</CODE>
-first--use any file command.
-To find out about
-RFC 1097 (the Telnet Subliminal Message Option), just type
-<CODE>
-more /ftp/ftp.uu.net/inet/rfc/rfc1097.
-</CODE>
-A copy command to a local disk
-could be used if the RFC would be read frequently.
-<H3>Filesystems</H3>
-<P>
-Ordinary filesystems are also being implemented.
-The initial release of the
-Hurd will contain a filesystem upwardly compatible with the BSD 4.4 Fast File
-System.
-In addition to the ordinary semantics, it will provide means to
-record translators, offer thirty-two bit user ids and group ids, and supply a
-new id per file, called the
-<DFN>author</DFN>
-of the file, which can be set by the
-owner arbitrarily.
-In addition, because users in the Hurd can have multiple
-uids (or even none), there is an additional set of permission bits providing
-access control for
-<DFN>
-unknown user
-</DFN>
-(no uids) as distinct from
-<DFN>
-known but arbitrary user
-</DFN>
-(some uids: the existing
-<DFN>world</DFN>
-category of file
-permissions).
-<P>
-The Network File System protocol will be implemented using 4.4 BSD as a
-starting point.
-A log-structured filesystem will also be implemented using
-the same ideas as in Sprite, but probably not the same format.
-A GNU network
-file protocol may be designed in time, or NFS may be extended to remove its
-deficiencies.
-There will also be various ``little'' filesystems, such as the
-MS-DOS filesystem, to help people move files between GNU and other OSs.
-
-<H3>Terminals</H3>
-<P>
-An I/O server will provide the terminal semantics of Posix.
-The GNU C
-Library has features for keeping track of the controlling terminal and for
-arranging to have proper job control signals sent at the proper times, as
-well as features for obeying keyboard and hangup signals.
-<P>
-Programs will be able to insert a terminal driver into communications
-channels in a variety of ways.
-Servers like
-<CODE>rlogind</CODE>
-will be able to insert
-the terminal protocol onto their network communication port.
-Pseudo-terminals will not be necessary, though they will be provided for
-backward compatibility with older programs.
-No programs in GNU will depend
-on them.
-<P>
-Nothing about a terminal driver is forced upon users.
-A terminal driver
-allows a user to get at the underlying communications channel easily, to
-bypass itself on an as-needed basis or altogether, or to substitute a
-different terminal driver-like program.
-In the last case, provided the
-alternate program implements the necessary interfaces, it will be used by the
-C Library exactly as if it were the ordinary terminal driver.
-<P>
-Because of this flexibility, the original terminal driver will not provide
-complex line editing features, restricting itself to the behavior found in
-Posix and BSD.
-In time, there will be a
-<CODE>readline</CODE>-based
-terminal driver,
-which will provide complex line-editing features for those users who want
-them.
-<P>
-The terminal driver will probably not provide good support for the
-high-volume, rapid data transmission required by UUCP or SLIP.
-Those
-programs do not need any of its features.
-Instead they will be using the
-underlying Mach device ports for terminals, which support moving large
-amounts of data efficiently.
-
-<H3>Executing Programs</H3>
-<P>
-The implementation of the
-<CODE>execve</CODE>
-call is spread across three programs.
-The
-library marshals the argument and environment vectors.
-It then sends a
-message to the file server that holds the file to be executed.
-The file
-server checks execute permissions and makes whatever changes it desires in
-the exec call.
-For example, if the file is marked setuid and the fileserver
-has the ability, it will change the user identification of the new image.
-The file server also decides if programs which had access to the old task
-should continue to have access to the new task.
-If the file server is
-augmenting permissions, or executing an unreadable image, then the exec needs
-to take place in a new Mach task to maintain security.
-<P>
-After deciding the policy associated with the new image, the filesystem calls
-the exec server to load the task.
-This server, using the BFD (Binary File
-Descriptor) library, loads the image.
-BFD supports a large number of object
-file formats; almost any supported format will be executable.
-This server
-also handles scripts starting with
-<CODE>#!</CODE>,
-running them through the indicated
-program.
-<P>
-The standard exec server also looks at the environment of the new image; if
-it contains a variable
-<CODE>EXECSERVERS</CODE>
-then it uses the programs specified
-there as exec servers instead of the system default.
-(This is, of course,
-not done for execs that the file server has requested be kept secure.)
-<P>
-The new image starts running in the GNU C Library, which sends a message to
-the exec server to get the arguments, environment, umask, current directory,
-etc.
-None of this additional state is special to the file or exec servers;
-if programs wish, they can use it in a different manner than the Library.
-
-<H3>New Processes</H3>
-<P>
-The
-<CODE>fork</CODE>
-call is implemented almost entirely in the GNU C Library.
-The new
-task is created by Mach kernel calls.
-The C Library arranges to have its
-image inherited properly.
-The new task is registered with the process server
-(though this is not mandatory).
-The C Library provides vectors of functions
-to be called at fork time: one vector to be called before the fork, one after
-in the parent, and one after in the child.
-(These features should not be
-used to replace the normal fork-calling sequence; it is intended for
-libraries which need to close ports or clean up before a fork occurs.)
-The C
-library will implement both fork calls specified by the draft Posix.4a (the
-proposed standard dealing with the threads extension to the real-time
-extension).
-<P>
-Nothing forces the user to create new tasks this way.
-If a program wants to
-use almost the normal fork, but with some special characteristics, then it
-can do so.
-Hooks will be provided by the C Library, or the function can even
-be completely replaced.
-None of this is possible in a traditional Unix
-system.
-
-<H3>Asynchronous Messages</H3>
-<P>
-As mentioned above, the process server maintains a
-<DFN>
-message port
-</DFN>
-for each
-task registered with it.
-These ports are public, and are used to send
-asynchronous messages to the task.
-Signals, for example, are sent to the
-message port.
-The signal message also provides a port as an indication that
-the sender should be trusted to send the signal.
-The GNU C Library lists a
-variety of ports in a table, each of which identifies a set of signals that
-can be sent by anyone who possesses that port.
-For example, if the user
-possesses the task's kernel port, it is allowed to send any signal.
-If the
-user possesses a special
-<DFN>
-terminal id
-</DFN>
-port, it is allowed to send the
-keyboard and hangup signals.
-Users can add arbitrary new entries into the C
-library's signal permissions table.
-<P>
-When a process's process group changes, the process server will send it a
-message indicating the new process group.
-In this case, the process server
-proves its authority by providing the task's kernel port.
-<P>
-The C library also has messages to add and delete uids currently used by the
-process.
-If new uids are sent to the program, the library adds them to its
-current set, and then exchanges messages with all the I/O servers it knows
-about, proving to them its new authorization.
-Similarly, a message can
-delete uids.
-In the latter case, the caller must provide the process's task
-port.
-(You can't harm a process by giving it extra permission, but you can
-harm it by taking permission away.)  The Hurd will provide user programs to
-send these messages to processes.
-For example, the
-<CODE>su</CODE>
-command will be able
-to cause all the programs in your current login session, to gain a new uid,
-rather than spawn a subshell.
-<P>
-The C library will allow programs to add asynchronous messages they wish to
-recognize, as well as prevent recognition of the standard set.
-<H3>Making It Look Like Unix</H3>
-<P>
-The C Library will implement all of the calls from BSD and Posix as well as
-some obvious extensions to them.
-This enables users to replace those calls
-they dislike or bypass them entirely, whereas in Unix the calls must be used
-``as they come'' with no alternatives possible.
-<P>
-In some environments binary compatibility will also be supported.
-This works
-by building a special version of the library which is then loaded somewhere
-in the address space of the process.
-(For example, on a VAX, it would be
-tucked in above the stack.)  A feature of Mach, called system call
-redirection, is then used to trap Unix system calls and turn them into jumps
-into this special version of the library.
-(On almost all machines, the cost
-of such a redirection is very small; this is a highly optimized path in Mach.
-On a 386 it's about two dozen instructions.
-This is little worse than a
-simple procedure call.)
-<P>
-Many features of Unix, such as signal masks and vectors, are handled
-completely by the library.
-This makes such features significantly cheaper
-than in Unix.
-It is now reasonable to use
-<CODE>sigblock</CODE>
-extensively to protect
-critical sections, rather than seeking out some other, less expensive method.
-
-<H3>Network Protocols</H3>
-<P>
-The Hurd will have a library that will make it very easy to port 4.4 BSD
-protocol stacks into the Hurd.
-This will enable operation, virtually for
-free, of all the protocols supported by BSD.
-Currently, this includes the
-CCITT protocols, the TCP/IP protocols, the Xerox NS protocols, and the ISO
-protocols.
-<P>
-For optimal performance some work would be necessary to take advantage of
-Hurd features that provide for very high speed I/O.
-For most protocols this
-will require some thought, but not too much time.
-The Hurd will run the
-TCP/IP protocols as efficiently as possible.
-<P>
-As an interesting example of the flexibility of the Hurd design, consider the
-case of IP trailers, used extensively in BSD for performance.
-While the Hurd
-will be willing to send and receive trailers, it will gain fairly little
-advantage in doing so because there is no requirement that data be copied and
-avoiding copies for page-aligned data is irrelevant.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.mdwn b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06c23662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-paper.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=/hurd-paper]]
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 29518dd6..00000000
--- a/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1061 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001 Marcus Brinkmann"]]
-
-[[!meta license="Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."]]
-
-[[!meta title="The Hurd, a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann"]]
-
-
-<H4><A NAME="contents">Table of Contents</A></H4>
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="#int" NAME="TOCint">Introduction</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ove" NAME="TOCove">Overview</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#his" NAME="TOChis">Historicals</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ker" NAME="TOCker">Kernel Architectures</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#mic" NAME="TOCmic">Micro vs Monolithic</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#sin" NAME="TOCsin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#mul" NAME="TOCmul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#the" NAME="TOCthe">The Hurd even more so.</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#mac" NAME="TOCmac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#how" NAME="TOChow">How to get a port?</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#exa" NAME="TOCexa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#pat" NAME="TOCpat">Pathname resolution example</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#map" NAME="TOCmap">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#filser" NAME="TOCfilser">File System Servers</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#act" NAME="TOCact">Active vs Passive</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#aut" NAME="TOCaut">Authentication</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#ope" NAME="TOCope">Operations on authentication ports</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#est" NAME="TOCest">Establishing trusted connections</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#pas" NAME="TOCpas">Password Server</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#pro" NAME="TOCpro">Process Server</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#filsys" NAME="TOCfilsys">Filesystems</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#dev" NAME="TOCdev">Developing the Hurd</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#sto" NAME="TOCsto">Store Abstraction</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#deb" NAME="TOCdeb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#stabin" NAME="TOCstabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#stainf" NAME="TOCstainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#staarc" NAME="TOCstaarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#debide" NAME="TOCdebide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A>
-  <LI><A HREF="#end" NAME="TOCend">End</A>
-</UL>
-<HR>
-<H3>Talk about the Hurd</H3>
-<P>
-This talk about the Hurd was written by Marcus Brinkmann for
-<UL>
-<LI>OSDEM, Brussels, 4. Feb 2001,
-<LI>Frühjahrsfachgespräche, Cologne, 2. Mar 2001 and
-<LI>Libre Software Meeting, Bordeaux, 4. Jul 2001.
-</UL>
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCint" NAME="int">Introduction</A></H4>
-<P>
-When we talk about free software, we usually refer to the free
-software licenses.  We also need relief from software patents, so our
-freedom is not restricted by them.  But there is a third type of
-freedom we need, and that's user freedom.
-
-<P>
-Expert users don't take a system as it is.  They like to change the
-configuration, and they want to run the software that works best for
-them.  That includes window managers as well as your favourite text
-editor.  But even on a GNU/Linux system consisting only of free
-software, you can not easily use the filesystem format, network
-protocol or binary format you want without special privileges.  In
-traditional unix systems, user freedom is severly restricted by the
-system administrator.
-
-<P>
-The Hurd removes these restrictions from the user.  It provides an
-user extensible system framework without giving up POSIX compatibility
-and the unix security model.  Throughout this talk, we will see that
-this brings further advantages beside freedom.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCove" NAME="ove">Overview</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-
-<P>
-The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server
-system operating on top of the GNU&nbsp;Mach microkernel.
-
-<P>
-Topics:
-<UL>
-  <LI>GNU&nbsp;Mach</LI>
-  <LI>The Hurd</LI>
-  <LI>Development</LI>
-  <LI>Debian GNU/Hurd</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-
-<P>
-The Hurd is a POSIX compatible multi-server system operating on top of
-the GNU&nbsp;Mach Microkernel.
-
-<P>
-I will have to explain what GNU&nbsp;Mach is, so we start with that.  Then
-I will talk about the Hurd's architecture.  After that, I will give a
-short overview on the Hurd libraries.  Finally, I will tell you how
-the Debian project is related to the Hurd.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOChis" NAME="his">Historicals</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%">
-<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>1983: Richard Stallman founds the GNU project.</LI>
-  <LI>1988: Decision is made to use Mach 3.0 as the kernel.</LI>
-  <LI>1991: Mach 3.0 is released under compatible license.</LI>
-  <LI>1991: Thomas Bushnell, BSG, founds the Hurd project.</LI>
-  <LI>1994: The Hurd boots the first time.</LI>
-  <LI>1997: Version 0.2 of the Hurd is released.<BR><BR></LI>
-  <LI>1998: Debian hurd-i386 archive is created.</LI>
-  <LI>2001: Debian GNU/Hurd snapshot fills three CD images.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-
-<P>
-When Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1983, he wanted to
-write an operating system consisting only of free software.  Very
-soon, a lot of the essential tools were implemented, and released
-under the GPL.  However, one critical piece was missing: The kernel.
-<P>
-After considering several alternatives, it was decided not to write a
-new kernel from scratch, but to start with the Mach microkernel.  This
-was in 1988, and it was not before 1991 that Mach was released under a
-license allowing the GNU project to distribute it as a part of the
-system.
-<P>
-In 1998, I started the Debian GNU/Hurd project, and in 2001 the number
-of available GNU/Hurd packages fills three CD images.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCker" NAME="ker">Kernel Architectures</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Microkernel:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Enforces resource management (paging, scheduling)</LI>
-  <LI>Manages tasks</LI>
-  <LI>Implements message passing for IPC</LI>
-  <LI>Provides basic hardware support</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Monolithic kernel:
-<UL>
-  <LI>No message passing necessary</LI>
-  <LI>Rich set of features (filesystems, authentication, network
-  sockets, POSIX interface, ...)</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Microkernels were very popular in the scientific world around that
-time.  They don't implement a full operating system, but only the
-infrastructure needed to enable other tasks to implement most
-features.  In contrast, monolithical kernels like Linux contain
-program code of device drivers, network protocols, process management,
-authentication, file systems, POSIX compatible interfaces and much
-more.
-<P>
-So what are the basic facilities a microkernel provides?  In general,
-this is resource management and message passing.  Resource management,
-because the kernel task needs to run in a special privileged mode of
-the processor, to be able to manipulate the memory management unit and
-perform context switches (also to manage interrupts).  Message
-passing, because without a basic communication facility the other
-tasks could not interact to provide the system services. Some
-rudimentary hardware device support is often necessary to bootstrap
-the system.  So the basic jobs of a microkernel are enforcing the
-paging policy (the actual paging can be done by an external pager
-task), scheduling, message passing and probably basic hardware device
-support.
-<P>
-Mach was the obvious choice back then, as it provides a rich set of
-interfaces to get the job done.  Beside a rather brain-dead device
-interface, it provides tasks and threads, a messaging system allowing
-synchronous and asynchronous operation and a complex interface for
-external pagers.  It's certainly not one of the sexiest microkernels
-that exist today, but more like a big old mama.  The GNU project
-maintains its own version of Mach, called GNU&nbsp;Mach, which is based on
-Mach 4.0.  In addition to the features contained in Mach 4.0, the GNU
-version contains many of the Linux 2.0 block device and network card
-drivers.
-<P>
-A complete treatment of the differences between a microkernel and
-monolithical kernel design can not be provided here.  But a couple of
-advantages of a microkernel design are fairly obvious.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmic" NAME="mic">Micro vs Monolithic</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Microkernel
-<UL>
-  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities
-  <LI>Flexibility in operating system design, easier debugging</LI>
-  <LI>More stability (less code to break)</LI>
-  <LI>New features are not added to the kernel</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Monolithic kernel
-<UL>
-  <LI>Intolerance or creeping featuritis</LI>
-  <LI>Danger of spaghetti code</LI>
-  <LI>Small changes can have far reaching side effects</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Because the system is split up into several components, clean
-interfaces have to be developed, and the responsibilities of each part
-of the system must be clear.
-<P>
-Once a microkernel is written, it can be used as the base for several
-different operating systems.  Those can even run in parallel which
-makes debugging easier.  When porting, most of the hardware dependant
-code is in the kernel.
-<P>
-Much of the code that doesn't need to run in the special kernel mode
-of the processor is not part of the kernel, so stability increases
-because there is simply less code to break.
-<P>
-New features are not added to the kernel, so there is no need to hold
-the barrier high for new operating system features.
-<P>
-Compare this to a monolithical kernel, where you either suffer from
-creeping featuritis or you are intolerant of new features (we see both
-in the Linux kernel).
-<P>
-Because in a monolithical kernel, all parts of the kernel can access
-all data structures in other parts, it is more likely that short cuts
-are used to avoid the overhead of a clean interface.  This leads to a
-simple speed up of the kernel, but also makes it less comprehensible
-and more error prone.  A small change in one part of the kernel can
-break remote other parts.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCsin" NAME="sin">Single Server vs Multi Server</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Single Server
-<UL>
-  <LI>A single task implements the functionality of the operating system.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Multi Server
-<UL>
-  <LI>Many tasks cooperate to provide the system's functionality.</LI>
-  <LI>One server provides only a small but well-defined part of the
-  whole system.</LI>
-  <LI>The responsibilities are distributed logically among the servers.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-A single-server system is comparable to a monolithic kernel system. It
-has similar
-advantages and disadvantages.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-There exist a couple of operating systems based on Mach, but they all
-have the same disadvantages as a monolithical kernel, because those
-operating systems are implemented in one single process running on top
-of the kernel.  This process provides all the services a monolithical
-kernel would provide.  This doesn't make a whole lot of sense (the
-only advantage is that you can probably run several of such isolated
-single servers on the same machine).  Those systems are also called
-single-server systems.  The Hurd is the only usable multi-server
-system on top of Mach.  In the Hurd, there are many server programs,
-each one responsible for a unique service provided by the operating
-system.  These servers run as Mach tasks, and communicate using the
-Mach message passing facilities.  One of them does only provide a
-small part of the functionality of the system, but together they build
-up a complete and functional POSIX compatible operating system.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmul" NAME="mul">Multi Server is superior, ...</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Any multi-server has advantages over single-server:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Clear cut responsibilities</LI>
-  <LI>More stability: If one server dies, all others remain</LI>
-  <LI>Easier development cycle: Testing without reboot (or replacing
-  running servers), debugging with gdb</LI>
-  <LI>Easier to make changes and add new features
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Using several servers has many advantages, if done right.  If a file
-system server for a mounted partition crashes, it doesn't take down
-the whole system.  Instead the partition is "unmounted", and
-you can try to start the server again, probably debugging it this time
-with gdb.  The system is less prone to errors in individual
-components, and over-all stability increases.  The functionality of
-the system can be extended by writing and starting new servers
-dynamically.  (Developing these new servers is easier for the reasons
-just mentioned.)
-<P>
-But even in a multi-server system the barrier between the system and
-the users remains, and special privileges are needed to cross it.  We
-have not achieved user freedom yet.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCthe" NAME="the">The Hurd even more so.</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The Hurd goes beyond all this, and allows users to write and run their
-servers, too!
-<UL>
-  <LI>Users can replace system servers dynamically with their own
-  implementations.</LI>
-  <LI>Users can decide what parts of the remainder of the system they
-  want to use.</LI>
-  <LI>Users can extend the functionality of the system.</LI>
-  <LI>No mutual trust necessary to make use of other users
-  services.</LI>
-  <LI>Security of the system is not harmed by trusting users
-  services.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-To quote Thomas Bushnell, BSG, from his paper
-[[``Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_design''_(1996)|hurd-paper]]:
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-The GNU&nbsp;Hurd, by contrast, is designed to make the area of system code
-as limited as possible.  Programs are required to communicate only
-with a few essential parts of the kernel; the rest of the system is
-replaceable dynamically.  Users can use whatever parts of the
-remainder of the system they want, and can easily add components
-themselves for other users to take advantage of.  No mutual trust need
-exist in advance for users to use each other's services, nor does the
-system become vulnerable by trusting the services of arbitrary users.
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-
-<P>
-<EM>So the Hurd is a set of servers running on top of the Mach
-micro-kernel, providing a POSIX compatible and extensible operating
-system.  What servers are there?  What functionality do they provide,
-and how do they cooperate?</EM>
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmac" NAME="mac">Mach Inter Process Communication</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Ports are message queues which can be used as one-way communication
-channels.
-<UL>
-  <LI>Port rights are receive, send or send-once</LI>
-  <LI>Exactly one receiver</LI>
-  <LI>Potentially many senders</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-MIG provides remote procedure calls on top of Mach IPC. RPCs look like
-function calls to the user.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Inter-process communication in Mach is based on the ports concept.  A
-port is a message queue, used as a one-way communication channel.  In
-addition to a port, you need a port right, which can be a send right,
-receive right, or send-once right.  Depending on the port right, you
-are allowed to send messages to the server, receive messages from it,
-or send just one single message.
-<P>
-For every port, there exists exactly one task holding the receive
-right, but there can be no or many senders.  The send-once right is
-useful for clients expecting a response message.  They can give a
-send-once right to the reply port along with the message.  The kernel
-guarantees that at some point, a message will be received on the reply
-port (this can be a notification that the server destroyed the
-send-once right).
-<P>
-You don't need to know much about the format a message takes to be
-able to use the Mach IPC.  The Mach interface generator mig hides the
-details of composing and sending a message, as well as receiving the
-reply message.  To the user, it just looks like a function call, but
-in truth the message could be sent over a network to a server running
-on a different computer.  The set of remote procedure calls a server
-provides is the public interface of this server.
-
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOChow" NAME="how">How to get a port?</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Traditional Mach:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Nameserver provides ports to all registered servers.</LI>
-  <LI>The nameserver port itself is provided by Mach.</LI>
-  <LI>Like a phone book: One list.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-The Hurd:
-<UL>
-  <LI>The filesystem is used as the server namespace.</LI>
-  <LI>Root directory port is inserted into each task.</LI>
-  <LI>The C library finds other ports with hurd_file_name_lookup,
-  performing a pathname resolution.</LI>
-  <LI>Like a tree of phone books.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-So how does one get a port to a server?  You need something like a
-phone book for server ports, or otherwise you can only talk to
-yourself.  In the original Mach system, a special nameserver is
-dedicated to that job.  A task could get a port to the nameserver from
-the Mach kernel and ask it for a port (with send right) to a server
-that registered itself with the nameserver at some earlier time.
-<P>
-In the Hurd, there is no nameserver.  Instead, the filesystem is used
-as the server namespace.  This works because there is always a root
-filesystem in the Hurd (remember that the Hurd is a POSIX compatible
-system); this is an assumption the people who developed Mach couldn't
-make, so they had to choose a different strategy.  You can use the
-function hurd_file_name_lookup, which is part of the C library, to get
-a port to the server belonging to a filename.  Then you can start to
-send messages to the server in the usual way.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCexa" NAME="exa">Example of <SAMP>hurd_file_name_lookup</SAMP></A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><PRE>
-mach_port_t identity;
-mach_port_t pwserver;
-kern_return_t err;
-
-pwserver = hurd_file_name_lookup
-                ("/servers/password");
-
-err = password_check_user (pwserver,
-                           0 /* root */, "supass",
-                           &identity);
-</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-As a concrete example, the special filename
-<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> can be used to request a port to the
-Hurd password server, which is responsible to check user provided
-passwords.
-<P>
-(explanation of the example)
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCpat" NAME="pat">Pathname resolution example</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Task: Lookup /mnt/readme.txt where /mnt has a mounted filesystem.
-<UL>
-  <LI>The C library asks the root filesystem server about
-  <SAMP>/mnt/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-  <LI>The root filesystem returns a port to the mnt filesystem server
-  (matching <SAMP>/mnt</SAMP>) and the retry name
-  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-  <LI>The C library asks the mnt filesystem server about
-  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-  <LI>The mnt filesystem server returns a port to itself and records
-  that this port refers to the regular file
-  <SAMP>/readme.txt</SAMP>.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The C library itself does not have a full list of all available
-servers.  Instead pathname resolution is used to traverse through a
-tree of servers.  In fact, filesystems themselves are implemented by
-servers (let us ignore the chicken and egg problem here).  So all the
-C library can do is to ask the root filesystem server about the
-filename provided by the user (assuming that the user wants to resolve
-an absolute path), using the <SAMP>dir_lookup</SAMP> RPC.  If the
-filename refers to a regular file or directory on the filesystem, the
-root filesystem server just returns a port to itself and records that
-this port corresponds to the file or directory in question.  But if a
-prefix of the full path matches the path of a server the root
-filesystem knows about, it returns to the C library a port to this
-server and the remaining part of the pathname that couldn't be
-resolved.  The C library than has to retry and query the other server
-about the remaining path component.  Eventually, the C library will
-either know that the remaining path can't be resolved by the last
-server in the list, or get a valid port to the server in question.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCmap" NAME="map">Mapping the POSIX Interface</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="10">
-<TR>
-<TH>Filedescriptor</TH>
-<TH>Port to server providing the file</TH>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fd = open(name,...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP"
-ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>dir_lookup(..,name,..,&amp;port)</SAMP><BR>
-[pathname resolution]</TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>read(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_read(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>write(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_write(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>fstat(fd, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT"><SAMP>io_stat(port, ...)</SAMP></TD>
-</TR><TR>
-<TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">...</TD><TD></TD>
-</TR>
-</TABLE>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-It should by now be obvious that the port returned by the server can
-be used to query the files status, content and other information from
-the server, if good remote procedure calls to do that are defined and
-implemented by it.  This is exactly what happens.  Whenever a file is
-opened using the C libraries <SAMP>open()</SAMP> call, the C library
-uses the above pathname resolution to get a port to a server providing
-the file.  Then it wraps a file descriptor around it.  So in the Hurd,
-for every open file descriptor there is a port to a server providing
-this file.  Many other C library calls like <SAMP>read()</SAMP> and
-<SAMP>write()</SAMP> just call a corresponding RPC using the port
-associated with the file descriptor.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilser" NAME="filser">File System Servers</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>Provide file and directory services for ports (and more).</LI>
-  <LI>These ports are returned by a directory lookup.</LI>
-  <LI>Translate filesystem accesses through their root path (hence the
-  name translator).</LI>
-  <LI>The C library maps the POSIX file and directory interface (and
-  more) to RPCs to the filesystem servers ports, but also does work on
-  its own.</LI>
-  <LI>Any user can install file system servers on inodes they own.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-So we don't have a single phone book listing all servers, but rather a
-tree of servers keeping track of each other.  That's really like
-calling your friend and asking for the phone number of the blond girl
-at the party yesterday.  He might refer you to a friend who hopefully
-knows more about it. Then you have to retry.
-<P>
-This mechanism has huge advantages over a single nameserver.  First,
-note that standard unix permissions on directories can be used to
-restrict access to a server (this requires that the filesystems
-providing those directories behave).  You just have to set the
-permissions of a parent directory accordingly and provide no other way
-to get a server port.
-<P>
-But there are much deeper implications.  Most of all, a pathname never
-directly refers to a file, it refers to a port of a server.  That
-means that providing a regular file with static data is just one of
-the many options the server has to service requests on the file port.
-A server can also create the data dynamically.  For example, a server
-associated with <SAMP>/dev/random</SAMP> can provide new random data
-on every <SAMP>io_read()</SAMP> on the port to it.  A server
-associated with <SAMP>/dev/fortune</SAMP> can provide a new fortune
-cookie on every <SAMP>open()</SAMP>.
-<P>
-While a regular filesystem server will just serve the data as stored
-in a filesystem on disk, there are servers providing purely virtual
-information, or a mixture of both.  It is up to the server to behave
-and provide consistent and useful data on each remote procedure call.
-If it does not, the results may not match the expectations of the user
-and confuse him.
-<P>
-A footnote from the Hurd info manual:
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-(1) You are lost in a maze of twisty little filesystems, all
-alike....
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P>
-Because a server installed in the filesystem namespace translates all
-filesystem operations that go through its root path, such a server is
-also called "active translator".  You can install translators using
-the settrans command with the <SAMP>-a</SAMP> option.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCact" NAME="act">Active vs Passive</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Active Translators:
-<UL>
-  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans -a /cdrom /hurd/isofs /dev/hd2</SAMP>"</LI>
-  <LI>Are running filesystem servers.</LI>
-  <LI>Are attached to the root node they translate.</LI>
-  <LI>Run as a normal process.</LI>
-  <LI>Go away with every reboot, or even time out.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Many translator settings remain constant for a long time.  It would be
-very lame to always repeat the same couple of dozens settrans calls
-manually or at boot time.  So the Hurd provides a filesystem extension
-that allows to store translator settings inside the filesystem and let
-the filesystem servers do the work to start those servers on demand.
-Such translator settings are called "passive translators".  A passive
-translator is really just a command line string stored in an inode of
-the filesystem.  If during a pathname resolution a server encounters
-such a passive translator, and no active translator does exist already
-(for this node), it will use this string to start up a new translator
-for this inode, and then let the C library continue with the path
-resolution as described above.  Passive translators are installed with
-settrans using the <SAMP>-p</SAMP> option (which is already the
-default).
-
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Passive Translators:
-<UL>
-  <LI>"<SAMP>settrans /mnt /hurd/ext2fs /dev/hd1s1</SAMP>"</LI>
-  <LI>Are stored as command strings into an inode.</LI>
-  <LI>Are used to start a new active translator if there isn't
-  one.</LI>
-  <LI>Startup is transparent to the user.</LI>
-  <LI>Startup happens the first time the server is needed.</LI>
-  <LI>Are permanent across reboots (like file data).</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-So passive translators also serve as a sort of automounting feature,
-because no manual interaction is required.  The server start up is
-deferred until the service is need, and it is transparent to the user.
-<P>
-When starting up a passive translator, it will run as a normal process
-with the same user and group id as those of the underlying inode.  Any
-user is allowed to install passive and active translators on inodes
-that he owns.  This way the user can install new servers into the
-global namespace (for example, in his home or tmp directory) and thus
-extend the functionality of the system (recall that servers can
-implement other remote procedure calls beside those used for files and
-directories).  A careful design of the trusted system servers makes
-sure that no permissions leak out.
-<P>
-In addition, users can provide their own implementations of some of
-the system servers instead the system default.  For example, they can
-use their own exec server to start processes.  The user specific exec
-server could for example start java programs transparently (without
-invoking the interpreter manually).  This is done by setting the
-environment variable <SAMP>EXECSERVERS</SAMP>.  The systems default
-exec server will evaluate this environment variable and forward the
-RPC to each of the servers listed in turn, until some server accepts
-it and takes over.  The system default exec server will only do this
-if there are no security implications.  (XXX There are other ways to
-start new programs than by using the system exec server.  Those are
-still available.)
-<P>
-Let's take a closer look at some of the Hurd servers.  It was already
-mentioned that only few system servers are mandatory for users.  To
-establish your identity within the Hurd system, you have to
-communicate with the trusted systems authentication server
-<SAMP>auth</SAMP>.  To put the system administrator into control over
-the system components, the process server does some global
-bookkeeping.
-<P>
-But even these servers can be ignored.  However, registration with the
-authentication server is the only way to establish your identity
-towards other system servers.  Likewise, only tasks registered as
-processes with the process server can make use of its services.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCaut" NAME="aut">Authentication</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-A user identity is just a port to an authserver. The auth server
-stores four set of ids for it:
-<UL>
-  <LI>effective user ids</LI>
-  <LI>effective group ids</LI>
-  <LI>available user ids</LI>
-  <LI>available group ids</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Basic properties:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Any of these can be empty.</LI>
-  <LI>A 0 among the user ids identifies the superuser.</LI>
-  <LI>Effective ids are used to check if the user has the
-  permission.</LI>
-  <LI>Available ids can be turned into effective ids on user
-  request.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The Hurd auth server is used to establish the identity of a user for a
-server.  Such an identity (which is just a port to the auth server)
-consists of a set of effective user ids, a set of effective group ids,
-a set of available user ids and a set of available group ids.  Any of
-these sets can be empty.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCope" NAME="ope">Operations on authentication ports</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The auth server provides the following operations on ports:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Merge the ids of two ports into a new one.</LI>
-  <LI>Return a new port containing a subset of the ids in a port.</LI>
-  <LI>Create a new port with arbitrary ids (superuser only).</LI>
-  <LI>Establish a trusted connection between users and servers.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-If you have two identities, you can merge them and request an identity
-consisting of the unions of the sets from the auth server.  You can
-also create a new identity consisting only of subsets of an identity
-you already have.  What you can't do is extending your sets, unless
-you are the superuser which is denoted by having the user id 0.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCest" NAME="est">Establishing trusted connections</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>User provides a rendezvous port to the server (with
-  <SAMP>io_reauthenticate</SAMP>).</LI>
-  <LI>User calls <SAMP>auth_user_authenticate</SAMP> on the
-  authentication port (his identity), passing the rendezvous port.</LI>
-  <LI>Server calls <SAMP>auth_server_authenticate</SAMP> on its
-  authentication port (to a trusted auth server), passing the
-  rendezvous port and the server port.</LI> 
-  <LI>If both authentication servers are the same, it can match the
-  rendezvous ports and return the server port to the user and the user
-  ids to the server.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Finally, the auth server can establish the identity of a user for a
-server.  This is done by exchanging a server port and a user identity
-if both match the same rendezvous port.  The server port will be
-returned to the user, while the server is informed about the id sets
-of the user.  The server can then serve or reject subsequent RPCs by
-the user on the server port, based on the identity it received from
-the auth server.
-<P>
-Anyone can write a server conforming to the auth protocol, but of
-course all system servers use a trusted system auth server to
-establish the identity of a user.  If the user is not using the system
-auth server, matching the rendezvous port will fail and no server port
-will be returned to the user.  Because this practically requires all
-programs to use the same auth server, the system auth server is
-minimal in every respect, and additional functionality is moved
-elsewhere, so user freedom is not unnecessarily restricted.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCpas" NAME="pas">Password Server</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The password server <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> runs as root and
-returns a new authentication port in exchange for a unix password.
-<P>
-The ids corresponding to the authentication port match the unix user
-and group ids.
-<P>
-Support for shadow passwords is implemented here.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The password server sits at <SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP> and runs as
-root.  It can hand out ports to the auth server in exchange for a unix
-password, matching it against the password or shadow file.  Several
-utilities make use of this server, so they don't need to be setuid
-root.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCpro" NAME="pro">Process Server</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-The superuser must remain control over user tasks, so:
-<UL>
-  <LI>All mach tasks are associated with a PID in the system default
-  proc server.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Optionally, user tasks can store:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Their environment variables.</LI>
-  <LI>Their argument vector.</LI>
-  <LI>A port, which others can request based on the PID (like a
-  nameserver).</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Also implemented in the proc server:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Sessions and process groups.</LI>
-  <LI>Global configuration not in Mach, like hostname, hostid, system
-  version.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The process server is responsible for some global bookkeeping.  As
-such it has to be trusted and is not replaceable by the user.
-However, a user is not required to use any of its service.  In that
-case the user will not be able to take advantage of the POSIXish
-appearance of the Hurd.
-<P>
-The Mach Tasks are not as heavy as POSIX processes.  For example,
-there is no concept of process groups or sessions in Mach.  The proc
-server fills in the gap.  It provides a PID for all Mach tasks, and
-also stores the argument line, environment variables and other
-information about a process (if the mach tasks provide them, which is
-usually the case if you start a process with the default
-<SAMP>fork()</SAMP>/<SAMP>exec()</SAMP>).  A process can also register
-a message port with the proc server, which can then be requested by
-anyone.  So the proc server also functions as a nameserver using the
-process id as the name.
-<P>
-The proc server also stores some other miscellaneous information not
-provided by Mach, like the hostname, hostid and system version.
-Finally, it provides facilities to group processes and their ports
-together, as well as to convert between pids, process server ports and
-mach task ports.
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-User tasks not registering themselve with proc only have a PID assigned.
-<P>
-Users can run their own proc server in addition to the system default,
-at least for those parts of the interface that don't require superuser
-privileges.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Although the system default proc server can't be avoided (all Mach
-tasks spawned by users will get a pid assigned, so the system
-administrator can control them), users can run their own additional
-process servers if they want, implementing the features not requiring
-superuser privileges.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCfilsys" NAME="filsys">Filesystems</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Store based filesystems
-<UL>
-  <LI><SAMP>ext2fs</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>ufs</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>isofs</SAMP> (iso9660, RockRidge, GNU extensions)</LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>fatfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Network file systems
-<UL>
-  <LI><SAMP>nfs</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>ftpfs</SAMP></LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Miscellaneous
-<UL>
-  <LI><SAMP>hostmux</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>usermux</SAMP></LI>
-  <LI><SAMP>tmpfs</SAMP> (under development)</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-We already talked about translators and the file system service they
-provide.  Currently, we have translators for the ext2, ufs and iso9660
-filesystems.  We also have an nfs client and an ftp filesystem.
-Especially the latter is intriguing, as it provides transparent access
-to ftp servers in the filesystem.  Programs can start to move away
-from implementing a plethora of network protocols, as the files are
-directly available in the filesystem through the standard POSIX file
-interface.
-
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCdev" NAME="dev">Developing the Hurd</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Over a dozen libraries support the development of new servers.
-<P>
-For special server types highly specialized
-libraries require only the implementation of a
-number of callback functions.
-<UL>
-  <LI>Use <SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> for store based filesystems.</LI>
-  <LI>Use <SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> for network filesystems, also for
-  virtual filesystems.</LI>
-  <LI>Use <SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> for simple filesystems providing only
-  a single file or directory.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The Hurd server protocols are complex enough to allow for the
-implementation of a POSIX compatible system with GNU extensions.
-However, a lot of code can be shared by all or at least similar
-servers. For example, all storage based filesystems need to be able to
-read and write to a store medium splitted in blocks. The Hurd comes
-with several libraries which make it easy to implement new servers.
-Also, there are already a lot of examples of different server types in
-the Hurd.  This makes writing a new server easier.
-<P>
-<SAMP>libdiskfs</SAMP> is a library that supports writing store based
-filesystems like ext2fs or ufs. It is not very useful for filesystems
-which are purely virtual, like <SAMP>/proc</SAMP> or files in
-<SAMP>/dev</SAMP>.
-<P>
-<SAMP>libnetfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which provide a rich
-directory hierarchy, but don't use a backing store (for example ftpfs,
-nfs).
-<P>
-<SAMP>libtrivfs</SAMP> is intended for filesystems which just provide
-a single inode or directory. Most servers which are not intended to
-provide a filesystem but other services (like
-<SAMP>/servers/password</SAMP>) use it to provide a dummy file, so
-that file operations on the servers node will not return errors. But
-it can also be used to provide meaningful data in a single file, like
-a device store or a character device.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCsto" NAME="sto">Store Abstraction</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Another very useful library is libstore, which is used by all store
-based filesystems.  It provides a store media abstraction.  A store
-consists of a store class and a name (which itself can sometimes
-contain stores).
-<P>
-Primitive store classes:
-<UL>
-  <LI>device store like device:hd2, device:hd0s1, device:fd0</LI>
-  <LI>file store like file:/tmp/disk_image</LI>
-  <LI>task store like task:PID</LI>
-  <LI>zero store like zero:4m (like /dev/zero, of size 4 MB)</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Composed store classes:
-<UL>
-  <LI>copy store like copy:zero:4m</LI>
-  <LI>gunzip/bunzip2 store like gunzip:device:fd0</LI>
-  <LI>concat store like concat:device:hd0s2:device:hd1s5</LI>
-  <LI>ileave store (RAID-0(2))</LI>
-  <LI>remap store like remap:10+20,50+:file:/tmp/blocks</LI>
-  <LI>...</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Wanted: A similar abstraction for streams (based on channels), which
-can be used by network and character device servers.
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-<SAMP>libstore</SAMP> provides a store abstraction, which is used by
-all store based filesystems. The store is determined by a type and a
-name, but some store types modify another store rather than providing
-a new store, and thus stores can be stacked. For example, the device
-store type expects a Mach device, but the remap store expects a list
-of blocks to pick from another store, like remap:1+:device:hd2, which
-would pick all blocks from hd2 but the first one, which skipped.
-Because this functionality is provided in a library, all libstore
-using filesystems support many different store kinds, and adding a new
-store type is enough to make all store based filesystems support it.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCdeb" NAME="deb">Debian GNU/Hurd</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Goal:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Provide a binary distribution of the Hurd that is easy to
-  install.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Constraints:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Use the same source packages as Debian GNU/Linux.</LI>
-  <LI>Use the same infrastructure:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>Policy</LI>
-    <LI>Archive</LI>
-    <LI>Bug tracking system</LI>
-    <LI>Release process</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Side Goal:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Prepare Debian for the future:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>More flexibility in the base system</LI>
-    <LI>Identify dependencies on the Linux kernel</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The Debian distribution of the GNU&nbsp;Hurd that I started in 1998 is
-supposed to become a complete binary distribution of the Hurd that is
-easy to install.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCstabin" NAME="stabin">Status of the Debian GNU/Hurd binary archive</A></H4>
-<P>
-See
-<A HREF="http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png">http://buildd.debian.org/stats/graph.png</A>
-for the most current version of the statistic.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCstainf" NAME="stainf">Status of the Debian infrastructure</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Plus:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Source packages can identify build and host OS using
-  dpkg-architecture.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Minus:
-<UL>
-  <LI>The binary architecture field is insufficient.</LI>
-  <LI>The BTS has no architecture tag.</LI>
-  <LI>The policy/FHS need (small) Hurd specific extensions.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-While good compatibiity can be achieved at the source level,
-the binary packages can not always express their relationship
-to the available architectures sufficiently.
-<P>
-For example, the Linux version of makedev is binary-all, where
-a binary-all-linux relationship would be more appropriate.
-<P>
-More work has to be done here to fix the tools.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCstaarc" NAME="staarc">Status of the Debian Source archive</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<UL>
-  <LI>Most packages just work.</LI>
-  <LI>Maintainers are usually responsive and cooperative.</LI>
-  <LI>Turtle, the autobuilder, crunches through the whole list right
-  now.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Common pitfalls are POSIX incompatibilities:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Upstream:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>Unconditional use of <SAMP>PATH_MAX</SAMP>
-    (<SAMP>MAXPATHLEN</SAMP>), <SAMP>MAXHOSTNAMELEN</SAMP>.</LI>
-    <LI>Unguarded use of Linux kernel features.</LI>
-    <LI>Use of legacy interfaces (<SAMP>sys_errlist</SAMP>,
-    <SAMP>termio</SAMP>).</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-  <LI>Debian:
-  <UL>
-    <LI>Unguarded activation of extensions available with Linux.</LI>
-    <LI>Low quality patches.</LI>
-    <LI>Assuming GNU/Linux in package scripts.</LI>
-  </UL></LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-Most packages are POSIX compatible and can be compiled without
-changes on the Hurd.  The maintainers of the Debian source packages
-are usually very kind, responsiver and helpful.
-<P>
-The Turtle autobuilder software (<A
-HREF="http://turtle.sourceforge.net" >http://turtle.sourceforge.net</A>)
-builds the Debian packages on the Hurd automatically.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCdebide" NAME="debide">Debian GNU/Hurd: Good idea, bad idea?</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Upstream benefits:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Software packages become more portable.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-Debian benefits:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Debian becomes more portable.</LI>
-  <LI>Maintainers learn about portability and other systems.</LI>
-  <LI>Debian gets a lot of public recognition.</LI>
-</UL>
-<P>
-GNU/Hurd benefits:
-<UL>
-  <LI>Large software base.</LI>
-  <LI>Great infrastructure.</LI>
-  <LI>Nice community to partner with.</LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-The sheet lists the advantages of all groups involved.
-
-<H4><A HREF="#TOCend" NAME="end">End</A></H4>
-<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT">
-<P>
-Join us at
-<UL>
-  <LI><A HREF="http://hurd.gnu.org/" >http://hurd.gnu.org/</A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd"
-  >http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd</A></LI>
-  <LI><A HREF="http://www.hurdfr.org"
-  >http://www.hurdfr.org</A></LI>
-</UL>
-</TD></TR></TABLE>
-<P>
-List of contacts.
diff --git a/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.mdwn b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83dcaf74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/documentation/hurd-talk.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=/hurd-talk]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index bb8ff693..ecac8e21 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ OK. I will give you steps.
 
 i. Install a GNU System by folowing [[these_instructions|setup]]
 
-ii. Read about GNU Design: [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|documentation/hurd-paper]]
+ii. Read about GNU Design: [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|hurd-paper]]
 
 iii. Read about translators <http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator>
 
diff --git a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
index b16faa92..ca9b2179 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq/multiserver_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ it, they may, for instance, mount an FTP filesystem in their home directory.
 
 For more information about the design of the Hurd, read the paper by Thomas
 Bushnell, BSG:
-[[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|hurd/documentation/hurd-paper]].
+[[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|hurd-paper]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ef3c316532522a31cbd7cf430d71993e3ff0539b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carl Fredrik Hammar <hammy.lite@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 13:32:42 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator_short-circuiting: New page

---
 hurd.mdwn                             |  1 +
 hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 67ad46e9..9c9629d5 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
   * [[libnetfs]] -- short introductory material
 * [[IO_Path]]
+* [[Translator short-circuiting]]
 * [[Porting]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn b/hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01bd6ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# Translator short-circuiting
+
+In traditional Unix filesystems contain special files.  These are:
+symbolic links, character devices, block devices, named pipes, and
+named sockets.  Naturally the Hurd also support these.
+
+However, if you take a look at `hurd/io.defs` and `hurd/fs.defs`, you'll
+find that there are no RPCs that deal specifically with these types.
+Sure, you can get the type of the file through `io_stat` (among other
+things), but there are none that e.g.  lets you create a symbolic link.
+
+If you take a look at how glibc implements `symlink`, you'll notice
+that all it does is create a new file and sets its passive translator to
+`/hurd/symlink DEST`.  You can verify this yourself by creating a symlink
+with `ln -s foo bar` and print its translator with `showtrans bar`.
+
+This is how the other special files are implemented as well.  The header
+`hurd/paths.h` contains a list of paths that are used to implement
+special files:
+
+* `/hurd/symlink`
+* `/hurd/chrdev`
+* `/hurd/blkdev`
+* `/hurd/fifo`
+* `/hurd/ifsock`
+
+So all special files implemented through special purpose translators,
+right?  Well, actually there are no implementations of either `chrdev` or
+`blkdev` in the Hurd.  Instead these are implemented purely by /translator
+short-circuiting/.
+
+Translator short-circuiting is when a translator, instead of starting a
+passive translator, implements the functionality itself.  For instance,
+by continuing a file name look up by simply appending the path of a
+symlink without returning to the client.
+
+In fact the translators that are implemented are only used as a default
+implementation if the underlying translator does not implement the
+functionality itself.
+
+To make sure that you use one of these translators, you can start it as
+an active translator, or you can use a different path from the one in
+`hurd/path.h`, e.g. `settrans bar /hurd/./symlink foo`.
+
+The best example of how short-circuiting is implemented can be found
+in `libdiskfs`.  Notice how it detects if a translator is a special
+file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and marks the node's `stat`
+structure.  And how it later checks the node's `stat` structure in
+`diskfs_S_dir_lookup` and handles special file types appropriately.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c444a6ecdb7d27ad0af25426abf9c683c3dc68d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 14:37:12 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator_short-circuiting -> hurd/translator/short-circuiting

---
 hurd.mdwn                             |  1 -
 hurd/translator.mdwn                  |  2 ++
 hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn | 59 -----------------------------------
 4 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 9c9629d5..67ad46e9 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
   * [[libnetfs]] -- short introductory material
 * [[IO_Path]]
-* [[Translator short-circuiting]]
 * [[Porting]]
 * [[Debugging]]
 * [Hurd Sourcecode Reference](http://www.htu.tugraz.at/~past/hurd/global/): Searchable and browsable index of the code.
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 5c14cfa9..ad019fd4 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ Marcus Brinkmann has written a document about [[documentation/translators]].
 Here are some [[hints_about_debugging_translators|debugging/translator]]
 available.
 
+Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
+
 
 # Existing Translators
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn b/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01bd6ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# Translator short-circuiting
+
+In traditional Unix filesystems contain special files.  These are:
+symbolic links, character devices, block devices, named pipes, and
+named sockets.  Naturally the Hurd also support these.
+
+However, if you take a look at `hurd/io.defs` and `hurd/fs.defs`, you'll
+find that there are no RPCs that deal specifically with these types.
+Sure, you can get the type of the file through `io_stat` (among other
+things), but there are none that e.g.  lets you create a symbolic link.
+
+If you take a look at how glibc implements `symlink`, you'll notice
+that all it does is create a new file and sets its passive translator to
+`/hurd/symlink DEST`.  You can verify this yourself by creating a symlink
+with `ln -s foo bar` and print its translator with `showtrans bar`.
+
+This is how the other special files are implemented as well.  The header
+`hurd/paths.h` contains a list of paths that are used to implement
+special files:
+
+* `/hurd/symlink`
+* `/hurd/chrdev`
+* `/hurd/blkdev`
+* `/hurd/fifo`
+* `/hurd/ifsock`
+
+So all special files implemented through special purpose translators,
+right?  Well, actually there are no implementations of either `chrdev` or
+`blkdev` in the Hurd.  Instead these are implemented purely by /translator
+short-circuiting/.
+
+Translator short-circuiting is when a translator, instead of starting a
+passive translator, implements the functionality itself.  For instance,
+by continuing a file name look up by simply appending the path of a
+symlink without returning to the client.
+
+In fact the translators that are implemented are only used as a default
+implementation if the underlying translator does not implement the
+functionality itself.
+
+To make sure that you use one of these translators, you can start it as
+an active translator, or you can use a different path from the one in
+`hurd/path.h`, e.g. `settrans bar /hurd/./symlink foo`.
+
+The best example of how short-circuiting is implemented can be found
+in `libdiskfs`.  Notice how it detects if a translator is a special
+file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and marks the node's `stat`
+structure.  And how it later checks the node's `stat` structure in
+`diskfs_S_dir_lookup` and handles special file types appropriately.
diff --git a/hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn b/hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 01bd6ccb..00000000
--- a/hurd/translator_short-circuiting.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# Translator short-circuiting
-
-In traditional Unix filesystems contain special files.  These are:
-symbolic links, character devices, block devices, named pipes, and
-named sockets.  Naturally the Hurd also support these.
-
-However, if you take a look at `hurd/io.defs` and `hurd/fs.defs`, you'll
-find that there are no RPCs that deal specifically with these types.
-Sure, you can get the type of the file through `io_stat` (among other
-things), but there are none that e.g.  lets you create a symbolic link.
-
-If you take a look at how glibc implements `symlink`, you'll notice
-that all it does is create a new file and sets its passive translator to
-`/hurd/symlink DEST`.  You can verify this yourself by creating a symlink
-with `ln -s foo bar` and print its translator with `showtrans bar`.
-
-This is how the other special files are implemented as well.  The header
-`hurd/paths.h` contains a list of paths that are used to implement
-special files:
-
-* `/hurd/symlink`
-* `/hurd/chrdev`
-* `/hurd/blkdev`
-* `/hurd/fifo`
-* `/hurd/ifsock`
-
-So all special files implemented through special purpose translators,
-right?  Well, actually there are no implementations of either `chrdev` or
-`blkdev` in the Hurd.  Instead these are implemented purely by /translator
-short-circuiting/.
-
-Translator short-circuiting is when a translator, instead of starting a
-passive translator, implements the functionality itself.  For instance,
-by continuing a file name look up by simply appending the path of a
-symlink without returning to the client.
-
-In fact the translators that are implemented are only used as a default
-implementation if the underlying translator does not implement the
-functionality itself.
-
-To make sure that you use one of these translators, you can start it as
-an active translator, or you can use a different path from the one in
-`hurd/path.h`, e.g. `settrans bar /hurd/./symlink foo`.
-
-The best example of how short-circuiting is implemented can be found
-in `libdiskfs`.  Notice how it detects if a translator is a special
-file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and marks the node's `stat`
-structure.  And how it later checks the node's `stat` structure in
-`diskfs_S_dir_lookup` and handles special file types appropriately.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c838f31395bb2243fa0bf336069f9eef0c0ea912 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 15:01:15 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/short-circuiting: Add some further details and
 explanations.

---
 hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn b/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
index 01bd6ccb..064e4abb 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
@@ -8,52 +8,69 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-# Translator short-circuiting
-
-In traditional Unix filesystems contain special files.  These are:
+In traditional [[Unix]], file systems contain special files.  These are:
 symbolic links, character devices, block devices, named pipes, and
 named sockets.  Naturally the Hurd also support these.
 
 However, if you take a look at `hurd/io.defs` and `hurd/fs.defs`, you'll
-find that there are no RPCs that deal specifically with these types.
+find that there are no [[RPC]]s that deal specifically with these types.
 Sure, you can get the type of the file through `io_stat` (among other
-things), but there are none that e.g.  lets you create a symbolic link.
+things), but there are none that e.g. lets you create a symbolic link.
 
-If you take a look at how glibc implements `symlink`, you'll notice
-that all it does is create a new file and sets its passive translator to
+If you take a look at how [[glibc]] implements `symlink`, you'll notice
+that all it does is create a new file and set its passive translator to
 `/hurd/symlink DEST`.  You can verify this yourself by creating a symlink
-with `ln -s foo bar` and print its translator with `showtrans bar`.
+with `ln -s foo bar` and print its passive translator setting with `showtrans
+bar`.
 
 This is how the other special files are implemented as well.  The header
 `hurd/paths.h` contains a list of paths that are used to implement
 special files:
 
-* `/hurd/symlink`
-* `/hurd/chrdev`
-* `/hurd/blkdev`
-* `/hurd/fifo`
-* `/hurd/ifsock`
+  * `/hurd/symlink`
+  * `/hurd/chrdev`
+  * `/hurd/blkdev`
+  * `/hurd/fifo`
+  * `/hurd/ifsock`
 
-So all special files implemented through special purpose translators,
-right?  Well, actually there are no implementations of either `chrdev` or
-`blkdev` in the Hurd.  Instead these are implemented purely by /translator
-short-circuiting/.
+So all special files are implemented through special-purpose translators,
+right?  Well, actually there aren't even implementations of either `chrdev` or
+`blkdev` in the Hurd.  Instead these are implemented purely by *translator
+short-circuiting*, as well as the others from the above list are, if possible.
 
-Translator short-circuiting is when a translator, instead of starting a
-passive translator, implements the functionality itself.  For instance,
-by continuing a file name look up by simply appending the path of a
-symlink without returning to the client.
+Translator short-circuiting is when a file system server, instead of starting a
+passive translator -- say, for resolving a symbolic link -- implements the
+functionality itself.  For instance, by continuing a file name look-up by
+simply appending the path of a symlink's target without returning to the caller
+a `FS_RETRY_*` reply, which is what the [[`symlink`|symlink]] translator would
+do.  (And that's all the `symlink` translator ever does, by the way.)
 
-In fact the translators that are implemented are only used as a default
-implementation if the underlying translator does not implement the
-functionality itself.
+In fact this list's translators that actually are implemented (`symlink`,
+`fifo`, `ifsock`) are only used as a default implementation if the underlying
+file system's translator does not implement the functionality itself, i.e., if
+it doesn't short-circuit it.
 
-To make sure that you use one of these translators, you can start it as
+To make sure that you use one of these translators, that you bypass the
+short-circuiting mechanism, you can either start it as
 an active translator, or you can use a different path from the one in
 `hurd/path.h`, e.g. `settrans bar /hurd/./symlink foo`.
 
 The best example of how short-circuiting is implemented can be found
-in `libdiskfs`.  Notice how it detects if a translator is a special
-file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and marks the node's `stat`
-structure.  And how it later checks the node's `stat` structure in
+in [[`libdiskfs`|libdiskfs]].  Notice how it detects if a translator to store
+is a special file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and (if possible) instead
+of storing a real passive translator setting on the disk, simply has (for
+example) [[`ext2fs`|ext2fs]]' `diskfs_create_symlink_hook` handle this case.
+
+When reading (resolving), it checks the node's `stat` structure in
+`diskfs_S_file_get_translator`, or
 `diskfs_S_dir_lookup` and handles special file types appropriately.
+
+Doing this translator short-circuiting has disadvantages: code duplication, or
+in general adding code complexity that isn't needed for implementing the same
+functionality, but it also has advantages: using functionality that the file
+system's data structures nevertheless already provide -- storing symbolic links
+in `ext2fs`' inodes instead of storing passive translator settings -- and thus
+staying compatible with other operating systems mounting that file system.
+Also, this short-circuiting does preserve system resources, as it's no longer
+required to start a `symlink` translator for resolving each symbolic link, as
+well as it does reduce the [[RPC]] overhead.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8146471c38766cac0aff5074823aa958dda101b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carl Fredrik Hammar <hammy.lite@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 18:30:27 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/short-circuiting: Polish and elaborate

---
 hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn b/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
index 064e4abb..9de9f7b8 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/short-circuiting.mdwn
@@ -34,34 +34,40 @@ special files:
   * `/hurd/ifsock`
 
 So all special files are implemented through special-purpose translators,
-right?  Well, actually there aren't even implementations of either `chrdev` or
-`blkdev` in the Hurd.  Instead these are implemented purely by *translator
-short-circuiting*, as well as the others from the above list are, if possible.
-
-Translator short-circuiting is when a file system server, instead of starting a
-passive translator -- say, for resolving a symbolic link -- implements the
-functionality itself.  For instance, by continuing a file name look-up by
-simply appending the path of a symlink's target without returning to the caller
-a `FS_RETRY_*` reply, which is what the [[`symlink`|symlink]] translator would
-do.  (And that's all the `symlink` translator ever does, by the way.)
-
-In fact this list's translators that actually are implemented (`symlink`,
+right?  Not quite, instead the translators of this list are often
+implemented in their underlying filesystem through *translator
+short-circuiting*.  In fact, `chrdev` and `blkdev` aren't even implemented
+as translators at all.
+
+Translator short-circuiting is when a file system server implements the
+functionality of a passive translator itself, instead of actually starting
+it.  For instance, all the [[`symlink`|symlink]] translator does is return
+a `FS_RETRY_*` reply to the caller.  So instead of starting it, the file
+system server can simply continue the file name look-up internally by
+appending the target of the symbolic link to the path being looked-up.
+
+This way, we can skip starting the `symlink` translator, skip retrying
+the look-up on the newly started translator, and we might also skip a
+retry to the same file system server again, if the target of the symbolic
+link is in it.
+
+In fact, the list's translators that actually are implemented (`symlink`,
 `fifo`, `ifsock`) are only used as a default implementation if the underlying
 file system's translator does not implement the functionality itself, i.e., if
 it doesn't short-circuit it.
 
-To make sure that you use one of these translators, that you bypass the
+To make sure that you use one of these translators, there by bypassing the
 short-circuiting mechanism, you can either start it as
-an active translator, or you can use a different path from the one in
+an active translator, or use a different path from the one in
 `hurd/path.h`, e.g. `settrans bar /hurd/./symlink foo`.
 
 The best example of how short-circuiting is implemented can be found
 in [[`libdiskfs`|libdiskfs]].  Notice how it detects if a translator to store
-is a special file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and (if possible) instead
-of storing a real passive translator setting on the disk, simply has (for
-example) [[`ext2fs`|ext2fs]]' `diskfs_create_symlink_hook` handle this case.
+is a special file in `diskfs_S_file_set_translator` and instead
+of storing a real passive translator setting on the disk, stores it as a
+symlink node (using `diskfs_create_symlink_hook` or a generic implementation).
 
-When reading (resolving), it checks the node's `stat` structure in
+In later look-ups to the node, it checks the node's `stat` structure in
 `diskfs_S_file_get_translator`, or
 `diskfs_S_dir_lookup` and handles special file types appropriately.
 
@@ -71,6 +77,12 @@ functionality, but it also has advantages: using functionality that the file
 system's data structures nevertheless already provide -- storing symbolic links
 in `ext2fs`' inodes instead of storing passive translator settings -- and thus
 staying compatible with other operating systems mounting that file system.
+
 Also, this short-circuiting does preserve system resources, as it's no longer
 required to start a `symlink` translator for resolving each symbolic link, as
 well as it does reduce the [[RPC]] overhead.
+
+It can also confuse users who expect the passive translator to start.
+For instance, if a user notices that [[`symlink`|symlink]]'s code is
+lacking some functionality, but that it unexpectedly works when the user
+tries to run it.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 12e785c703d099d6ece0eb4a2547920600fd3b6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nervous <Nervous@web>
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 2009 08:11:17 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8650bdf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>.  The Free Software
+Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our
+criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant
+you back all your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify,
+and redistribute your contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+Reference Manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are
+questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fd3519b34ed664a00bb13b845b09f4bc6ff32100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 2009 14:54:56 +0200
Subject: Remove junk page.

This reverts commit 12e785c703d099d6ece0eb4a2547920600fd3b6b.
---
 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn | 24 ------------------------
 1 file changed, 24 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/flashhurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn b/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8650bdf7..00000000
--- a/hurd/flashhurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>.  The Free Software
-Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our
-criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant
-you back all your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify,
-and redistribute your contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-Reference Manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are
-questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0e6bf4bae8348a2bebf33931f2766cf3580c3f64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: marcelo <marcelo@web>
Date: Sat, 4 Jul 2009 01:01:31 +0000
Subject: no entiendo version en español
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn b/hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8650bdf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>.  The Free Software
+Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our
+criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant
+you back all your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify,
+and redistribute your contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+Reference Manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are
+questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 524c56bf7ac3d2ad3cd407b9128409887722c3b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 4 Jul 2009 10:20:07 +0200
Subject: Remove junk page.

This reverts commit 0e6bf4bae8348a2bebf33931f2766cf3580c3f64.
---
 hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn | 24 ------------------------
 1 file changed, 24 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn b/hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8650bdf7..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/requirementsforlivecd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>.  The Free Software
-Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our
-criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant
-you back all your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify,
-and redistribute your contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-Reference Manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are
-questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1d4a7349a0c3e041ea53cc92eb15a1d6716126e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2009 15:59:20 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/unionfs: Link to MHDDFS.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 6f845102..d2631e44 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -23,3 +23,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 # External Links
 
   * [*Unioning file systems for Linux*](http://valerieaurora.org/union/)
+
+  * [MHDDFS](http://mhddfs.uvw.ru/)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4df575a930a0341e53ff2236f68aeeaf6136b8d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2009 16:20:46 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/unionfs: Undo previous change and instead link to the
 FUSE page about unionfs.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index d2631e44..9f1fa169 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [*Unioning file systems for Linux*](http://valerieaurora.org/union/)
 
-  * [MHDDFS](http://mhddfs.uvw.ru/)
+  * [FUSE page about
+    `unionfs`](http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/fuse/index.php?title=UnionFileSystems)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 07cdb3587fc5deed912b63a3ec35fe9fc0876bc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 2009 12:52:06 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/exec: New.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn      |  1 +
 hurd/translator/exec.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/exec.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index ad019fd4..4995a005 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 # Existing Translators
 
 * [[auth]]
+* [[exec]]
 * [[pfinet]]
 * [[pflocal]]
 * [[hostmux]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/exec.mdwn b/hurd/translator/exec.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5b6bfbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/exec.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The *exec* server, listening on `/servers/exec`, is responsible for
+preparing the execution of processes.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b6fe6dfb4e338849ccdd38c33e12c0311878a2b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gnu.org>
Date: Sat, 8 Aug 2009 21:31:36 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/unionfs: Update the sources link.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 9f1fa169..b177b874 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-<http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#unionfs>
+Source repository: <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/unionfs.git/>
 
 
 <a name="stowfs"></a>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 39dbeb2c8c8e721b546a2d22d21a2a03a5369264 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:09:27 +0200
Subject: hurd/interface: New.

---
 hurd.mdwn           |  1 +
 hurd/interface.mdwn | 14 ++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 67ad46e9..24bd97f7 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 * [[Trackers]]
 * [[Toolchain]]
     * [[glibc]]
+* RPC [[Interface]]s
 * Libraries
   * [[libpager]]
   * [[libstore]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface.mdwn b/hurd/interface.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75fda808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Interfaces"]]
+
+[[!map pages="hurd/interface/* and !hurd/interface/*_*"
+show=title]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eb9c9ab8718da822705ac5c93ae7b2f17d000c16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:10:48 +0200
Subject: Import the current [hurd]/hurd/fsys.defs.

---
 hurd/interface/fsys.mdwn    | 15 +++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/00.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/01.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/02.mdwn | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/03.mdwn | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/05.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/06.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/07.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/08.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/09.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 11 files changed, 233 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/00.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/01.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/02.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/03.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/05.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/06.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/07.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/08.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys/09.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cea10d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys: Filesystem Control"]]
+
+[[!map pages="hurd/interface/fsys/* and !hurd/interface/fsys/*/*"
+show=title]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/00.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/00.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68e0479e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/00.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_startup"]]
+
+    routine fsys_startup (
+    	bootstrap: mach_port_t;
+    	RPT
+    	openflags: int;
+    	control_port: mach_port_send_t;
+    	out realnode: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Sent by filesystem on its bootstrap port upon startup.  `realnode` is the node
+this filesystem is the translator for, opened with flags `flags` (`O_NOTRANS`
+is assumed even if not provided).
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/01.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/01.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9cb95de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/01.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_goaway"]]
+
+    routine fsys_goaway (
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+    	flags: int);
+
+Filesystem should go away.  Bye.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/02.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/02.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63b84c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/02.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_getroot"]]
+
+    routine fsys_getroot(
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+    #ifdef	FSYS_GETROOT_UREPLY
+    	ureplyport ureply: mig_reply_port_t;
+    #endif
+    	dotdot_node: mach_port_send_t;
+    	gen_uids: idarray_t;
+    	gen_gids: idarray_t;
+    	flags: int;
+    	out do_retry: retry_type;
+    	out retry_name: string_t;
+    	out file: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return a file to the root of the filesystem.  `flags` are as for
+[[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]] (but `O_CREAT` and `O_EXCL` are not meaningful).
+`do_retry`, `retry_name`, and `result` are as for [[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]].
+The port should be authenticated with `gen_uids` and `gen_gids` (except, of
+course, for `FS_RETRY_REAUTH` and `FS_RETRY_MAGICAL).  `dotdot_node` is an
+unauthenticated port for the directory in which this root is located.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/03.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/03.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0c033c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/03.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_getfile"]]
+
+    routine fsys_getfile (
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+    	gen_uids: idarray_t;
+    	gen_gids: idarray_t;
+    	filehandle: data_t;
+    	out file: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Get a file given a file handle (see [[`file_getfh`|file_getfh]]).
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ef242f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_syncfs"]]
+
+    routine fsys_syncfs (
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+    	wait: int;
+    	do_children: int);
+
+Sync a filesystem.  Args are the same as for [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]] in
+[[`fs.defs`|fs]].
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/05.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/05.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5caf6b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/05.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_set_options"]]
+
+    routine fsys_set_options (
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+            options: data_t;
+    	do_children: int);
+
+Pass a server-specific options string.  This usually includes flags similar to
+command line options, e.g., `--readonly`, or `--sync=30`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/06.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/06.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8ccbed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/06.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_getpriv"]]
+
+    routine fsys_getpriv (
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out host_priv: mach_port_send_t;
+    	out device_master: mach_port_send_t;
+    	out fstask: mach_port_send_t);
+
+This is only implemented by bootstrap filesystems.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/07.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/07.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4700416d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/07.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_init"]]
+
+    routine fsys_init (
+    	fsys: fsys_t;
+    	sreplyport reply_port: sreply_port_t;
+    	proc_server: mach_port_send_t;
+    	auth_handle: auth_t);
+
+This is only implemented by bootstrap filesystems.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/08.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/08.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42ac277d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/08.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_forward"]]
+
+    routine fsys_forward (
+    	server: mach_port_t;
+    	RPT
+    	requestor: mach_port_send_t;
+    	argv: data_t);
+
+Ask `server` to provide [[`fsys`|fsys]] translation service for us.
+`requestor` is the bootstrap port supplied to the original translator, and
+`argv` are the command line arguments.  If the recipient accepts the request,
+he (or some delegate) should send [[`fsys_startup`|fsys_startup]] to
+`requestor` to start the filesystem up.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/09.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/09.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa5c4117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/09.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fsys_get_options"]]
+
+    routine fsys_get_options (
+    	server: fsys_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out options: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return the options describing the operation of the receiving filesystem
+(sutiable for [[`fsys_set_options`|fsys_set_options]]).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e90780e882c7ed52794b8a0ea19244e68d131f50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:10:48 +0200
Subject: Import the current [hurd]/hurd/fs.defs.

---
 hurd/interface/fs.mdwn    | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 33 files changed, 747 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f217c5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="fs: Filesystem"]]
+
+All these objects also implement the generic IO facilities.
+
+To get or set the translator currently running on a file, use
+[[`file_set_translator`|file_set_translator]],
+[[`file_get_translator`|file_get_translator]], or
+[[`file_get_translator_cntl`|file_get_translator_cntl]] on a port gotten with
+the `FS_LOOKUP_NOTRANS` flag to [[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]].  You can send
+these [[RPC]]s to a port to a translated node (looked up without
+`FS_LOOKUP_NOTRANS`) to stack a new translator on top of the existing one.
+
+[[!map pages="hurd/interface/fs/* and !hurd/interface/fs/*/*"
+show=title]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29b93731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/00.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_exec"]]
+
+    routine file_exec (
+    	exec_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	exec_task: task_t;
+    	flags: int;
+    	argv: data_t SCP;
+    	envp: data_t SCP;
+    	fdarray: portarray_t SCP;
+    	portarray: portarray_t SCP;
+    	intarray: intarray_t SCP;
+    	deallocnames: mach_port_name_array_t SCP;
+    	destroynames: mach_port_name_array_t SCP);
+
+Overlay a task with a file.  Necessary initialization, including authentication
+changes associated with set[ug]id execution must be handled by the filesystem.
+Filesystems normally implement this by using [[`exec_newtask`|exec_newtask]] or
+[[`exec_loadtask`|exec_loadtask]] as appropriate.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b9c7a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/01.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chown"]]
+
+    routine file_chown (
+    	chown_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_owner: uid_t;
+    	new_group: gid_t);
+
+Change owner and/or group.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3158d2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/02.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chauthor"]]
+
+    routine file_chauthor (
+    	chauth_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_author: uid_t);
+
+    Whan that Aprill with hith thoureth thoote
+    The droghte of March hath perthed to the roote,
+    And bathed every veyne in thwith licour,
+    Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
+    Whan Zephiruth eek with hith thweete breeth
+    Inthpired hath in every holt and heeth
+    The tender croppeth, and the yonge thonne
+    Hath in the Ram his halve courth yronne,
+    And thmale foweleth maken melodye,
+    That thlepen all the nyght with open ye
+    (Tho Priketh hem Nature in hir corageth),
+    Thanne longen folk to goon on pligrimageth,
+    And palmereth for to theken thtraunge thtrondeth,
+    To ferne halweth, kowthe in thondry londeth:
+    And thpethially, from every thireth ende
+    Of Engelond to Cantebury they wende,
+    The hooly blithful martyr for to theke,
+    That hem hath holpen whan that they were theeke.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d697ec90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/03.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chmod"]]
+
+    routine file_chmod (
+    	chmod_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_mode: mode_t);
+
+Change mode bits.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0386eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/04.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_chflags"]]
+
+    routine file_chflags (
+    	chflags_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_flags: int);
+
+Change file flags.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..184e2ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/05.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_utimes"]]
+
+    routine file_utimes (
+    	utimes_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_atime: time_value_t;
+    	new_mtime: time_value_t);
+
+Change access and modify times.
+
+If the microseconds value is -1 (all bits on) then the time should be set to
+the current time and the remainder of the `time_value_t` ignored.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..393f1a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/06.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_set_size"]]
+
+    routine file_set_size (
+    	trunc_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	new_size: loff_t);
+
+Change the size of the file.  If the size increases, new blocks are
+zero-filled.  After successful return, it is safe to reference mapped areas of
+the file up to `new_size`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6408763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/07.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_lock"]]
+
+    routine file_lock (
+    	lock_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	flags: int);
+
+Apply/manipulate advisory lock.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbb3d53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/08.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_lock_stat"]]
+
+    routine file_lock_stat (
+    	lock_file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out mystatus: int;
+    	out otherstatus: int);
+
+Return current lock status.  `mystatus` tells what kind of lock the caller has;
+`otherstatus` tells what kind of lock anyone has (including the caller).
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02c778c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/09.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_check_access"]]
+
+    routine file_check_access (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out allowed: int);
+
+Find out what kind of access this file permits the current user (regardless of
+the current open modes for this port).  `allowed` is a bitwise *or* of
+`O_READ`, `O_WRITE`, and `O_EXEC`.  This is not necessarily the same as what an
+`open` or `exec` would allow; `O_EXEC` is set for *root* even if no executable
+bits are on (in which case [[`file_exec`|file_exec]] should fail) and `O_WRITE`
+is set a directory can be modified, even though it can't be written directly.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56ce204f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/10.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_notice_changes"]]
+
+    routine file_notice_changes (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	port: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Notice changes to file `file`.  Send notification messages (see
+[[`fs_notify.defs`|fs_notify]]) to `port` as they occur.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94aa4ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/11.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_getcontrol"]]
+
+    routine file_getcontrol (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out control: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return control port for this filesystem.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b69b591b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/12.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_statfs"]]
+
+    routine file_statfs (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out info: fsys_statfsbuf_t);
+
+Return filesystem status.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27239759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_sync"]]
+
+    routine file_sync (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	wait: int;
+    	omit_metadata: int);
+
+Sync the individual file.  If `omit_metadata` is set, then it is only necessary
+for the server to updated the actual contents of the file, not any associated
+metadata.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e8c51e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_syncfs"]]
+
+    routine file_syncfs (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	wait: int;
+    	do_children: int);
+
+Sync the entire filesystem.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50dcce1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/15.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_storage_info"]]
+
+    routine file_get_storage_info (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out ports: portarray_t, dealloc;
+    	out ints: intarray_t, dealloc;
+    	out offsets: off_array_t, dealloc;
+    	out data: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return information on the storage used to hold this file.  See the comment for
+`enum file_storage_class` in `<hurd/hurd_types.h>` the details.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ba776c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/16.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_getlinknode"]]
+
+    routine file_getlinknode (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out linknode: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return the node for hard links to this potentially translated file.  This
+returns a potentially unauthenticated node.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3533b718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_getfh"]]
+
+    routine file_getfh (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out filehandle: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return a file handle for this file.  This can be used by NFS and such.  It is
+not guaranteed that this call will work...if it doesn't, then this filesystem
+cannot be NFS mounted.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbe606f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/18.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_lookup"]]
+
+    routine dir_lookup (
+    	start_dir: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	file_name: string_t;
+    	flags: int;
+    	mode: mode_t;
+    	out do_retry: retry_type;
+    	out retry_name: string_t;
+    	out result: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Translate a file name, following all symlinks.  Upon return, if `do_retry` is
+`FS_RETRY_MAGICAL` then `retry_name` specifies what to do, the list of
+possibilities is documented in `<hurd/hurd_types.h>`; if `FS_RETRY_REAUTH`,
+then `result` should be reauthenticated before being used.  If `retry_name` is
+the empty string and the retry type is `FS_RETRY_NORMAL`, then no further
+[[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]] calls are required; `result` is the port to use.
+Otherwise the [[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]] call should be repeated, sent to
+`result` (or the reauthenticated port) with `retry_name` passed for
+`file_name`.  This call is required to be supported by all files (even
+non-directories) if the filename is null, and should function in that case as a
+re-open of the file.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86625d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/19.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_readdir"]]
+
+    routine dir_readdir (
+    	dir: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out data: data_t, dealloc[];
+    	entry: int;
+    	nentries: int;
+    	bufsiz: vm_size_t;
+    	out amount: int);
+
+Read entries from the directory.  Each entry is identified by an index number
+starting at 0 and running through the file.  This call fetches `nentries` (or
+any convenient number if `nentries` is -1) entries starting at `entry`,
+returning an array of struct directs in `data`.  The number of entries
+successfully read is returned in `amount`.  If `entry` is bigger than the index
+of the last entry, then 0 is returned in `amount`.  If `bufsize` is nonzero,
+never return more than `bufsize` bytes of data regardless.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da57f0b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/20.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_mkdir"]]
+
+    routine dir_mkdir (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	name: string_t;
+    	mode: mode_t);
+
+Create directory.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c562333a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/21.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_rmdir"]]
+
+    routine dir_rmdir (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	name: string_t);
+
+Remove directory.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24fcdd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/22.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_unlink"]]
+
+    routine dir_unlink (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	name: string_t);
+
+Remove non-directory.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44621d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/23.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_link"]]
+
+    routine dir_link (
+    	dir: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	file: file_t;
+    	name: string_t;
+    	excl: int);
+
+Create a hard link.
+
+If `dir` and `file` are not implemented by the same filesystem, `EXDEV` should
+be returned.  If the two filesystems, however can inter-operate and guarantee
+the appropriate POSIX semantics, they can communicate by a private protocol and
+allow hard links between them.  If `excl` is set, then fail if `name` already
+exists in `dir`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aac2df60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/24.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_rename"]]
+
+    routine dir_rename (
+    	olddirectory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	oldname: string_t;
+    	newdirectory: file_t;
+    	newname: string_t;
+            excl: int);
+
+Rename file -- comments similar to those for [[`dir_link`|dir_link]] apply here
+about `EXDEV`.  If `excl` is set, then fail if `newname` already exists in
+`newdirectory`.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b08d54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/25.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_mkfile"]]
+
+    routine dir_mkfile (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	flags: int;
+    	mode: mode_t;
+    	out newnode: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Create a new file without linking it into the filesystem.  You still must have
+write permission on the specified directory, even though it will not actually
+be written.  Return in `newnode` a port to the file.  `flags` are the same as
+for [[`dir_lookup`|dir_lookup]], but `O_CREAT` and `O_TRUNC` are assumed even
+if not specified.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82a7bca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/26.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="dir_notice_changes"]]
+
+    routine dir_notice_changes (
+    	directory: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	port: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Notice changes to directory `dir`.  Send directory change notifications (see
+[[`fs_notify.defs`|fs_notify]]) to `port` as they occur.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a7bd13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/27.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_set_translator"]]
+
+    routine file_set_translator (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	passive_flags: int;
+    	active_flags: int;
+    	oldtrans_flags: int;
+    	passive: data_t SCP;
+    	active: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Set a translator for future lookups to a file.
+
+`passive` is the passive translator; `active` is the active translator.
+
+The `flags` are `FS_TRANS_*`, defined in `<hurd/hurd_types.h>`.  `oldflags` are
+sent in an [[`fsys_goaway`|fsys_goaway]] to an existing active translator if
+there is one and it is to be killed.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13ac4b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/28.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_translator"]]
+
+    routine file_get_translator (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out translator: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return the stored permanent translator for this file.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1cc3950a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/29.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_translator_cntl"]]
+
+    routine file_get_translator_cntl (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out translator_cntl: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return the translator control port to the active translator (if any) for this
+file.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..653af42f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/30.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_get_fs_options"]]
+
+    routine file_get_fs_options (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	out options: data_t, dealloc);
+
+Return the options describing the way the receiving filesystem is running.
+(Suitable as an arg for [[`fsys_set_options`|fsys_set_options]]).
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32e7efda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/31.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="file_reparent"]]
+
+    routine file_reparent (
+    	file: file_t;
+    	RPT
+    	parent: mach_port_t;
+    	out new_file: mach_port_send_t);
+
+Return a new file, `new_file`, with the same semantics as `file`, but with
+lookups of `..` (if `file` is a directory) redirected to `parent`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8b4e64fe1d1cd119a266c5711d5f12fb19bc77e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:24:39 +0200
Subject: (cd hurd/interface/ && ../../generate_interface_redir_pages */)

---
 hurd/interface/dir_link.mdwn                 | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_lookup.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_mkdir.mdwn                | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_mkfile.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_notice_changes.mdwn       | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_readdir.mdwn              | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_rename.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_rmdir.mdwn                | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/dir_unlink.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_chauthor.mdwn            | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_check_access.mdwn        | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_chflags.mdwn             | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_chmod.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_chown.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_exec.mdwn                | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_get_fs_options.mdwn      | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_get_storage_info.mdwn    | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_get_translator.mdwn      | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_get_translator_cntl.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_getcontrol.mdwn          | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_getfh.mdwn               | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_getlinknode.mdwn         | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_lock.mdwn                | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_lock_stat.mdwn           | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_notice_changes.mdwn      | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_reparent.mdwn            | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_set_size.mdwn            | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_set_translator.mdwn      | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_statfs.mdwn              | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_sync.mdwn                | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_syncfs.mdwn              | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/file_utimes.mdwn              | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_forward.mdwn             | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_get_options.mdwn         | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_getfile.mdwn             | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_getpriv.mdwn             | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_getroot.mdwn             | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_goaway.mdwn              | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_init.mdwn                | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_set_options.mdwn         | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_startup.mdwn             | 11 +++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys_syncfs.mdwn              | 11 +++++++++++
 42 files changed, 462 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_link.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_lookup.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_mkdir.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_mkfile.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_notice_changes.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_readdir.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_rename.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_rmdir.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/dir_unlink.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_chauthor.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_check_access.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_chflags.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_chmod.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_chown.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_exec.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_get_fs_options.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_get_storage_info.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_get_translator.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_get_translator_cntl.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_getcontrol.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_getfh.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_getlinknode.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_lock.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_lock_stat.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_notice_changes.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_reparent.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_set_size.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_set_translator.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_statfs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_sync.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_syncfs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/file_utimes.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_forward.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_get_options.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_getfile.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_getpriv.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_getroot.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_goaway.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_init.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_set_options.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_startup.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/interface/fsys_syncfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_link.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_link.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f1db578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_link.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/23]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_lookup.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_lookup.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40e79538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_lookup.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/18]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_mkdir.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_mkdir.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf386818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_mkdir.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/20]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_mkfile.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_mkfile.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01828a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_mkfile.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/25]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_notice_changes.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_notice_changes.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5763a0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_notice_changes.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/26]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_readdir.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_readdir.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b41e8d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_readdir.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/19]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_rename.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_rename.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3839487f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_rename.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/24]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_rmdir.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_rmdir.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d69fdd30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_rmdir.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/21]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/dir_unlink.mdwn b/hurd/interface/dir_unlink.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8861bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/dir_unlink.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/22]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_chauthor.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_chauthor.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fcf97f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_chauthor.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/02]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_check_access.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_check_access.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ab4af57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_check_access.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/09]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_chflags.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_chflags.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e55536b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_chflags.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/04]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_chmod.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_chmod.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0bbb8d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_chmod.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/03]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_chown.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_chown.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a99bcf85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_chown.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/01]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_exec.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_exec.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f4b57f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_exec.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/00]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_get_fs_options.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_get_fs_options.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b04c70a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_get_fs_options.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/30]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_get_storage_info.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_get_storage_info.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87166c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_get_storage_info.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/15]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_get_translator.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_get_translator.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c8565f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_get_translator.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/28]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_get_translator_cntl.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_get_translator_cntl.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..befbf1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_get_translator_cntl.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/29]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_getcontrol.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_getcontrol.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94503b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_getcontrol.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/11]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_getfh.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_getfh.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..369afb17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_getfh.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/17]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_getlinknode.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_getlinknode.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64efb810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_getlinknode.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/16]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_lock.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_lock.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8860d24b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_lock.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/07]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_lock_stat.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_lock_stat.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78abebb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_lock_stat.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/08]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_notice_changes.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_notice_changes.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6646410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_notice_changes.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/10]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_reparent.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_reparent.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80cd174e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_reparent.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/31]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_set_size.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_set_size.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf1e376c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_set_size.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/06]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_set_translator.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_set_translator.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a43bdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_set_translator.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/27]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_statfs.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_statfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5086d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_statfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/12]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_sync.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_sync.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..160c86ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_sync.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/13]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_syncfs.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_syncfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a52e92b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_syncfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/14]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/file_utimes.mdwn b/hurd/interface/file_utimes.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab09a58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/file_utimes.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fs/05]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_forward.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_forward.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ab16003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_forward.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/08]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_get_options.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_get_options.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a48d24d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_get_options.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/09]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_getfile.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_getfile.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d292f265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_getfile.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/03]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_getpriv.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_getpriv.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c4332ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_getpriv.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/06]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_getroot.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_getroot.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff03c482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_getroot.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/02]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_goaway.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_goaway.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf431a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_goaway.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/01]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_init.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_init.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2be8dfb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_init.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/07]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_set_options.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_set_options.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7f977c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_set_options.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/05]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_startup.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_startup.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21cbdee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_startup.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/00]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys_syncfs.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys_syncfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88955524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys_syncfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta redir=fsys/04]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8d6f6b079a205673b36b91986fce589e930cfc83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 12:22:40 +0200
Subject: Add fdatasync, fsync, sync example from glibc.

---
 hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
index 27239759..72ae0d06 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
@@ -20,3 +20,19 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 Sync the individual file.  If `omit_metadata` is set, then it is only necessary
 for the server to updated the actual contents of the file, not any associated
 metadata.
+
+# Usage Examples
+
+## [[glibc]]
+
+  * `fdatasync`
+
+    `file_syncfs (FD, true, true)` -- invoke it on the passed file descriptor,
+    do wait for completion, do allow omitting to update the associated
+    metadata.
+
+  * `fsync`
+
+    `file_syncfs (FD, true, false)` -- invoke it on the passed file descriptor,
+    do wait for completion, don't allow omitting to update the associated
+    metadata.
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
index 1e8c51e7..e168e554 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
@@ -18,3 +18,13 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
     	do_children: int);
 
 Sync the entire filesystem.
+
+# Usage Examples
+
+## [[glibc]]
+
+  * `sync`
+
+    `file_syncfs ("/", false, true)`-- invoke it on the process' root directory
+    (`INIT_PORT_CRDIR`), don't wait for completion, do synchronize child
+    filesystems.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d5357ca3c1102edbdc715d197bf86b47cd30be08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 12:31:14 +0200
Subject: hurd/interface/fs/14: Link to Hurd's syncfs.

---
 hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
index e168e554..85d8a73a 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ Sync the entire filesystem.
 
   * `sync`
 
-    `file_syncfs ("/", false, true)`-- invoke it on the process' root directory
+    `file_syncfs ("/", false, true)` -- invoke it on the process' root directory
     (`INIT_PORT_CRDIR`), don't wait for completion, do synchronize child
     filesystems.
+
+## [[Hurd]]
+
+  * [[`syncfs`|syncfs]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 713948edb6576c3e56a813dfa79f5555c12c0f89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 12:33:11 +0200
Subject: hurd/syncfs: New.

---
 hurd/syncfs.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/syncfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/syncfs.mdwn b/hurd/syncfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b930bd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/syncfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`syncfs` is a tiny wrapper around the [[`file_syncfs`
+RPC|interface/file_syncfs]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 156065fd27110687a4c5cd49e52bf91f34876a47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 12:34:49 +0200
Subject: hurd/syncfs: To be merged into GNU coreutils' sync.

---
 hurd/syncfs.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/syncfs.mdwn b/hurd/syncfs.mdwn
index b930bd0e..7099a68d 100644
--- a/hurd/syncfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/syncfs.mdwn
@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 `syncfs` is a tiny wrapper around the [[`file_syncfs`
 RPC|interface/file_syncfs]].
+
+Its functionality should me merged into GNU coreutils' `sync` program, see
+[[!GNU_Savannah_task 6614]][[!tag open_issue_hurd open_issue_porting]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 508d432bd5e43b2af315b1a8a99fdb84c4bd294a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 15:51:49 +0200
Subject: Some examples gathered from Hurd sources.

---
 hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn   | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn   | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 86 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
index 72ae0d06..2e06e0c4 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/13.mdwn
@@ -21,6 +21,28 @@ Sync the individual file.  If `omit_metadata` is set, then it is only necessary
 for the server to updated the actual contents of the file, not any associated
 metadata.
 
+# Implementation Examples
+
+Servers that either don't keep any unsynchronized state (or don't have a
+backing store at all) can simply `return 0`.  Examples: [[translator/nfs]].
+
+## [[libtrivfs]]
+
+Pass the call through to the underlying node.
+
+### [[storeio]] / [[streamio]]
+
+Instead of to the underlying node, pass the call through to the backend
+(device).
+
+## [[libnetfs]]
+
+Invoke `netfs_attempt_sync`.
+
+## [[libdiskfs]]
+
+Invoke `diskfs_file_update`.
+
 # Usage Examples
 
 ## [[glibc]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
index 85d8a73a..c93613d8 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
@@ -19,6 +19,35 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sync the entire filesystem.
 
+# Implementation Examples
+
+Servers that either don't keep any unsynchronized state (or don't have a
+backing store at all) can simply `return 0`.  Examples: [[translator/nfs]].
+
+The implementation typically doesn't care on which specific node (as exported
+by the implementing server) [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]] is being invoked on.
+
+## [[libtrivfs]]
+
+Invoke [[`file_sync`|file_sync]] on the underlying node.  Rationale: the
+underlying node represents this filesystem's backend, and once this node is
+synchronized, the whole [[libtrivfs]]-based filesystem is to be considered
+synchronized.
+
+### [[storeio]] / [[streamio]]
+
+Instead of the to underlying node, pass the call through to the backend
+(device).
+
+## [[libnetfs]]
+
+Invoke `netfs_attempt_syncfs`.
+
+## [[libdiskfs]]
+
+Invoke [[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]] on all active children, and invoke
+`diskfs_sync_everything` and `diskfs_set_hypermetadata`.
+
 # Usage Examples
 
 ## [[glibc]]
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
index 0ef242f9..60d314c5 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
@@ -18,3 +18,38 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Sync a filesystem.  Args are the same as for [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]] in
 [[`fs.defs`|fs]].
+
+# Implementation Examples
+
+Servers that either don't keep any unsynchronized state (or don't have a
+backing store at all) can simply `return 0`.  Examples: [[translator/symlink]],
+[[translator/nfs]].
+
+## [[libtrivfs]]
+
+Invoke [[`file_sync`|file_sync]] on the underlying node.  Rationale: the
+underlying node represents this filesystem's backend, and once this node is
+synchronized, the whole [[libtrivfs]]-based filesystem is to be considered
+synchronized.
+
+### [[storeio]] / [[streamio]]
+
+Instead of to the underlying node, pass the call through to the backend
+(device).
+
+## [[libnetfs]]
+
+Invoke `netfs_attempt_syncfs`.
+
+## [[libdiskfs]]
+
+Invoke [[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]] on all active children, and invoke
+`diskfs_sync_everything` and `diskfs_set_hypermetadata`.
+
+# Usage Examples
+
+## [[libdiskfs]]
+
+In the implementations of both [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]] and
+[[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]], [[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]] is invoked on all
+active children.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 72d62837a27cfb4d425c53c88e4aeee4888b4d9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 15:58:14 +0200
Subject: Note the similarity of file_syncfs and fsys_syncfs.

---
 hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn   | 6 +++++-
 hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn | 7 +++++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
index c93613d8..a13c0bd8 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/14.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
     	wait: int;
     	do_children: int);
 
-Sync the entire filesystem.
+Synchronize the entire filesystem.
+
+This function has a companion in [[`fsys_syncfs`|fsys_syncfs]], which is
+invoked on the server's control port instead of an arbitrary node.  Both of
+them are usually implemented in equivalent ways.
 
 # Implementation Examples
 
diff --git a/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
index 60d314c5..7b370d2b 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fsys/04.mdwn
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
     	wait: int;
     	do_children: int);
 
-Sync a filesystem.  Args are the same as for [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]] in
-[[`fs.defs`|fs]].
+Synchronize the entire filesystem.
+
+This function has a companion in [[`file_syncfs`|file_syncfs]], which is
+invoked on an arbitrary node instead of the server's control port.  Both of
+them are usually implemented in equivalent ways.
 
 # Implementation Examples
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fb9c3699177b33695206a7dd052e629d4455fe56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2009 20:06:12 +0300
Subject: Correct some minor capitalization error.

---
 hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
index 3533b718..0fa18cf7 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
@@ -17,5 +17,6 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
     	out filehandle: data_t, dealloc);
 
 Return a file handle for this file.  This can be used by NFS and such.  It is
-not guaranteed that this call will work...if it doesn't, then this filesystem
+not guaranteed that this call will work;  if it doesn't, then this filesystem
 cannot be NFS mounted.
+
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4d4eadbdb37a664b1fbf42fe1cdcb3a75dbb4342 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 2009 20:43:24 +0300
Subject: Add some information about file handles.

---
 hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
index 0fa18cf7..8895434a 100644
--- a/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/interface/fs/17.mdwn
@@ -20,3 +20,22 @@ Return a file handle for this file.  This can be used by NFS and such.  It is
 not guaranteed that this call will work;  if it doesn't, then this filesystem
 cannot be NFS mounted.
 
+Currently file handles are only used by `nfsd` with the purpose of
+having some stable representation of nodes (TODO: Add references).
+The only translator library that implements `file_getfh` and the
+complementary [[`fsys_getfile`|fsys_getfile]] is `libdiskfs`, so if
+you are linking against a different library you should expect that the
+filesystem exported by your translator will not be supported by `nfsd`
+by default.
+
+If you would like your non-`libdiskfs` translator to be supported by
+`nfsd`, you should implement these two RPCs on your own.  The idea is
+that to each node exported by your translator you should put in
+correspondence a unique file handle.  A file handle is a 28-byte
+value.  The first 4 bytes are not used.  Then comes a 4-byte number
+which should identify your node somehow (`libdiskfs` uses the index
+into the internally maintained node cache).  After it there comes a
+4-byte number which should bear a similar function to the `st_gen`
+field of a `stat` structure.  Following this specification, you should
+be able to implement `file_getfh` and `fsys_getfile` in a proper way
+to get `nfsd` support.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 89ec5f19264bf826ab4588a01f1b0bca0fa753f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2009 01:22:11 +0200
Subject: add link to my graphs

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index aa044570..baf1f045 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="Debian packages that need porting"]]
 
-Approximately half of the Debian archive has been compiled successfully on the
+More than half of the Debian archive has been compiled successfully on the
 Hurd, however, many programs fail to build for various reasons.
 
 A [list of build failures including error
 messages](http://unstable.buildd.net/buildd/hurd-i386_Failed.html) can be
 found, as well as a [preliminary
-analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them and [solutions](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00001.html), and some more details in [[hurd/porting/guidelines]].
+analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them and [solutions](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00001.html), and some more details in [[hurd/porting/guidelines]]. [Graphs and statistics](http://people.debian.org/~sthibault/) about the consequence in terms of build dependencies are available.
 
 It might be a good idea to record your intention to port something either in
 the list below or in the [Alioth task
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 681674cf76aa127a68d9cf0b97899c3bb1e56292 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <bab@draketo.de>
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 2009 10:43:47 +0200
Subject: Gentoo GNU/Hurd: Added info on #gentoo-hurd IRC channel

---
 hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
index 2a979f41..3371ff49 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Unofficial port to Gentoo and the portage system. It was
 [announced](http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=41939&amp;postdays=0&amp;postorder=asc&amp;start=0)
-March 17, 2003 in the Gentoo forums.  There's a #gentoo-irc channel similar to
+March 17, 2003 in the Gentoo forums.  There's a #gentoo-irc and a #gentoo-hurd channel similar to
 [[IRC]].  
 
 ### State of the GGH, 2009-05
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1fcb70848e4f4a86b041fd78479759bdac5898f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <bab@draketo.de>
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 2009 10:45:05 +0200
Subject: #gentoo-irc channel -> #gentoo IRC channel

---
 hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
index 3371ff49..ef72bfad 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gentoo.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Unofficial port to Gentoo and the portage system. It was
 [announced](http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=41939&amp;postdays=0&amp;postorder=asc&amp;start=0)
-March 17, 2003 in the Gentoo forums.  There's a #gentoo-irc and a #gentoo-hurd channel similar to
+March 17, 2003 in the Gentoo forums.  There's a #gentoo and a #gentoo-hurd IRC channel similar to
 [[IRC]].  
 
 ### State of the GGH, 2009-05
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 127340741f01e7984aa48b637946b79e334b78b4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2009 18:08:36 +0300
Subject: Add the short documentation of unionmount.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn    | 125 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn |  51 +---------------
 2 files changed, 122 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index b177b874..93a3a385 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -8,18 +8,135 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+# `unionfs`
+
 Source repository: <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/unionfs.git/>
 
+# `unionmount`
+
+... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
+
+## Project Idea
+
+When setting a translator on Hurd -- similar to mounting a file system on UNIX
+-- the new node(s) exported by the translator are obscuring the original node
+where the translator is set, and any nodes below it in the directory tree. The
+translator itself can access the underlying node (which is a very nice feature,
+as it allows translators presenting the contents of the node in a different
+format); but it's no longer accessible from the "outside".
+
+Plan9 has a feature where a file system can be mounted in union mode: the new
+file system doesn't obscure the mount point in this case, but instead the
+contents are combined. (This feature has also been under discussion in Linux
+for a couple of years now, under the label "VFS-based union mounts".)
+
+This kind of union mounts is generally useful, as it's sometimes more
+convenient than unioning existing filesystem locations with unionfs -- it's not
+necessary to mount a file system that is to be unioned at some external
+location first: just union-mount it directly at the target location.
+
+But union mounts also allow creating passive translator hierarchies: If there
+is a passive translator on a parent node, and further passive translators on
+child nodes, the union mount allows the child nodes with the further translator
+settings still to be visible after the parent translator has started.
+
+This could be useful for device nodes for example: let's say we have an
+ethernet multiplexer at /dev/veth. Now the virtual subnodes could all be
+directly under /dev, i.e. /dev/veth0, /dev/veth1 etc., and explicitely refer to
+the main /dev/veth node in the translator command line. It would be more
+elegant however to store the virtual nodes direcly below the main multiplexer
+node -- /dev/veth/0, /dev/veth/1 etc.
+
+There are two possible approaches how union mounts could be implemented in the
+Hurd. The first one is to let the various translators handle union mounts
+internally, i.e. let them present the underlying nodes to the clients in
+addition to the actual nodes they export themselfs. This probably can be
+implemented as some kind of extension to the existing netfs and diskfs
+libraries.
+
+The other possible apporach is less efficient and probably more tricky, but
+probably also more generic: create a special unionmount translator, which
+serves as a kind of proxy: setting the union-mounted translator on some
+internal node; and at the actual mount location, presenting a union of the
+nodes exported by this translator, and the nodes from the underlying file
+system.
+
+The goal of this project is implementing union mounts using either of the
+approaches described above. (Though it might be useful initially to prototype
+both for comparision.) The ethernet multiplexer shall serve as an example use
+case -- any changes necessary to allow using it with the union mount
+functionality are also to be considered part of the task.
+
+## Implementation
+
+### Source
+
+Union mounts are currently implemented as two additional command line
+options of the `unionfs` translator.  This implementation resides in
+the master-unionmount branch of the unionfs git repository.  To
+checkout the code, do the following:
+
+    $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/unionfs.git
+    $ cd unionfs
+    $ git checkout -b master-unionmount
+    $ git pull origin master-unionmount
+
+You can skip the checkout step if you don't mind that the
+`master-unionmount` branch gets merged into the `master` branch.
+
+### Short Documentation
+
+The `unionmount` project adds options "--mount" and "--no-mount" to
+`unionfs` (short versions: "-t" and "-n" correspondingly).  Both
+options are used to implement union-mounting, but the first option
+will create a *transparent* union mount, while the second option will
+create a *nontransparent* union mount.
+
+One can create a transparent union mount with the following command:
+
+    $ settrans -a <node> unionfs --underlying --mount=<translator>
+
+When running
+
+    $ fsysopts <node>
+
+one will see the information about the `<translator>`, not the
+`unionfs` translator.  Although this might seem the only natural way
+to do union mounts, one must keep in mind that such transparency
+deprives one of the possibility to modify the unioned virtual
+filesystem exported by `unionfs` at run-time (via `fsysopts`).
+
+One can create a nontransparent union mount with the following command:
+
+    $ settrans -a <node> unionfs --underlying --no-mount=<translator>
+
+When running
+
+    $ fsysopts <node>
+
+one will see the information about the `unionfs` translator.  Although
+this way allows modifying the contents of the unioned filesystem
+exported by `unionfs` at runtime, the access to `<translator>` is
+blocked.
+
+The filesystem exported by the *mountee* (`<translator>`) is actually
+treated like a normal filesystem within `unionfs`, which means that
+one can assign priorities to the *mountee* to achieve the desired
+order of layering of the unioned directories.  The following will make
+`unionfs` query the underlying filesystem first and then the
+*mountee*:
+
+    $ settrans -a <node> unionfs --priority=2 --underlying --priority=1 --mount=<translator>
+
+Note that the same functionality can also be achieved by assigning
+priority 1 to the underlying filesystem and keeping the priority of
+the *mountee* at 0.
 
 <a name="stowfs"></a>
 # `stowfs`
 
 ... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
 
-# See Also
-
-  * [[unionmount]]
-
 # External Links
 
   * [*Unioning file systems for Linux*](http://valerieaurora.org/union/)
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
index 47a3d85d..65f09719 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
@@ -8,53 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[!meta title="Union Mounts"]]
-
-When setting a translator on Hurd -- similar to mounting a file system on UNIX
--- the new node(s) exported by the translator are obscuring the original node
-where the translator is set, and any nodes below it in the directory tree. The
-translator itself can access the underlying node (which is a very nice feature,
-as it allows translators presenting the contents of the node in a different
-format); but it's no longer accessible from the "outside".
-
-Plan9 has a feature where a file system can be mounted in union mode: the new
-file system doesn't obscure the mount point in this case, but instead the
-contents are combined. (This feature has also been under discussion in Linux
-for a couple of years now, under the label "VFS-based union mounts".)
-
-This kind of union mounts is generally useful, as it's sometimes more
-convenient than unioning existing filesystem locations with unionfs -- it's not
-necessary to mount a file system that is to be unioned at some external
-location first: just union-mount it directly at the target location.
-
-But union mounts also allow creating passive translator hierarchies: If there
-is a passive translator on a parent node, and further passive translators on
-child nodes, the union mount allows the child nodes with the further translator
-settings still to be visible after the parent translator has started.
-
-This could be useful for device nodes for example: let's say we have an
-ethernet multiplexer at /dev/veth. Now the virtual subnodes could all be
-directly under /dev, i.e. /dev/veth0, /dev/veth1 etc., and explicitely refer to
-the main /dev/veth node in the translator command line. It would be more
-elegant however to store the virtual nodes direcly below the main multiplexer
-node -- /dev/veth/0, /dev/veth/1 etc.
-
-There are two possible approaches how union mounts could be implemented in the
-Hurd. The first one is to let the various translators handle union mounts
-internally, i.e. let them present the underlying nodes to the clients in
-addition to the actual nodes they export themselfs. This probably can be
-implemented as some kind of extension to the existing netfs and diskfs
-libraries.
-
-The other possible apporach is less efficient and probably more tricky, but
-probably also more generic: create a special unionmount translator, which
-serves as a kind of proxy: setting the union-mounted translator on some
-internal node; and at the actual mount location, presenting a union of the
-nodes exported by this translator, and the nodes from the underlying file
-system.
-
-The goal of this project is implementing union mounts using either of the
-approaches described above. (Though it might be useful initially to prototype
-both for comparision.) The ethernet multiplexer shall serve as an example use
-case -- any changes necessary to allow using it with the union mount
-functionality are also to be considered part of the task.
+[[!meta redir=unionfs]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ed59faf772c24131e60444392b3cadcb9f6cb473 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2009 18:18:18 +0300
Subject: Add a warning about the problem with syncing in unionfs.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 93a3a385..407fa134 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 Source repository: <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/unionfs.git/>
 
+Right now there are some problems with syncing, so please be aware
+that it might not work as expected.
+
 # `unionmount`
 
 ... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 93ff33abc6c96b5d528030a2fc438b458846ae47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <bab@draketo.de>
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 2009 08:35:11 +0200
Subject: unionfs: Added a short note what it does.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 407fa134..42ecdce7 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 # `unionfs`
 
+*Unionfs allows you to simply union one directory or translator into another one, so you see the files of both of them side by side.*
+
 Source repository: <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/unionfs.git/>
 
 Right now there are some problems with syncing, so please be aware
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 50845c8ca740ce1609d24c8e17dc8196e53aed40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 2009 21:05:47 +0200
Subject: Tiny improvement w.r.t. unionmount redir.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn            | 1 -
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn    | 1 +
 hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 4995a005..ea420a72 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[cvsfs]]
 * [[tmpfs]]
 * [[procfs]]
-* [[unionmount]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 42ecdce7..331ad19f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Source repository: <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/unionfs.git/>
 Right now there are some problems with syncing, so please be aware
 that it might not work as expected.
 
+<a name="unionmount"></a>
 # `unionmount`
 
 ... is a special mode of `unionfs`.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
index 65f09719..7384afc7 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionmount.mdwn
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[!meta redir=unionfs]]
+[[!meta redir=unionfs#unionmount]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f442694a9ede423aeca68935b0b2679640254f12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2009 18:08:55 +0300
Subject: Added some information about nsmux.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn               |   1 +
 hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 107 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index ea420a72..cfb1f7db 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[cvsfs]]
 * [[tmpfs]]
 * [[procfs]]
+* [[nsmux|translator/writing/nsmux]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..735c1fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# nsmux
+
+`nsmux` implements the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator
+selection (see below).
+
+## Source
+
+`nsmux` translator can be obtained with the following command:
+
+    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/nsmux.git
+
+`filter` translator can be obtained with the following command:
+
+    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/filter.git
+
+The filter is not yet working.
+
+It is highly probable that soon the code will be moved to Savannah.
+
+## Namespace-based Translator Selection
+
+Namespace-based translator selection is the special technique of using
+"magic" filenames for both accessing the file and setting translators
+on it.
+
+A "magic" filename is a filename which contains an unescaped sequence
+of two commas: ",,".  This sequence can be escaped by adding another
+comma: ",,,".  In the magic filename the part up to the first double
+commas is interpreted as the filename itself; the remaining segments
+into which the string is split by occurrences of ",," are treated as
+names of translators located under `/hurd/`.
+
+The simplest advantage before traditional way of setting
+translators is shown in the following examples.  Compare this
+
+    $ settrans -a file translator1
+    $ settrans -a file translator2
+    $ cat file
+
+to this:
+    
+    $ cat file,,translator1,,translator2
+   
+One simple command versus three more lengthy ones is an obvious
+improvement.  However, this advantage is not the only one and,
+probably, not even the most important.
+
+What is a good candidate for the most important advantage is that
+translators requested via "magic" filenames are session-bound.  In
+other words, by running `cat file,,translator` we set a translator
+visible *only* to `cat`, while the original file remains untranslated.
+Such session-specific translators are called **dynamic** and there is
+no (theoretical) way for a client to get a port to a dynamic
+translator requested by another client.
+
+Obviously, dynamic translators can be stacked, similarly to static
+translators.  Also, dynamic translator stacks may reside on top of
+static translator stacks.
+
+An important operation of namespace-based translator selection is
+*filtering*.  Filtering basically consists in looking up a translator
+by name in the stack and ignoring translators located on top of it.
+Note that filtering does not mean dropping some translators: in the
+current implementation a filter is expected to be a normal dynamic
+translator, included in the dynamic translator stack similarly to
+other translators.
+
+An important detail is that filtering is not limited to dynamic
+translator stacks: a filter should be able to descend into static
+translator stacks as well.
+
+Although the concept of filtering may seem purely abstract in the
+simplest use-case of setting dynamic translators on top of files, the
+situation changes greatly when dynamic translator stacks on top of
+directories are considered.  In this case, the implementation of
+namespace-based translator selection is expected to be able to
+propagate the dynamic translators associated with the directory down
+the directory structure.  That is, all files located under a directory
+opened with magic syntax, are expected to be translated by the same
+set of translators.  In this case having the possibility to
+specifically discard some of the translators set up on top of certain
+files is very useful.
+
+Note that the implementation of propagation of dynamic translators
+down directories is not fully conceived at the moment.  The
+fundamental problem is distinguishing between situations when the
+dynamic translators are to be set on the underlying files of the
+directory or on the directory itself.
+
+## Currently Implemented
+
+Currently there a working (though not heavily tested) implementation
+of the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator selection in
+the form of translator `nsmux`.  The filter is partially implemented
+and this is the immediate goal.  Propagating translators down
+directories is the next objective.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1ee04b164bb6c593387500bbf2b0dabeef3a9d36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2009 19:33:28 +0300
Subject: Add the usage information about nsmux.

---
 hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
index 735c1fde..c07a30bd 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
@@ -13,6 +13,17 @@ is included in the section entitled
 `nsmux` implements the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator
 selection (see below).
 
+To use `nsmux` do the following:
+
+    $ settrans -a <node> nsmux <directory>
+
+After this operation `<node>` will be a mirror of `<directory>` with
+namespace-based translator selection functionality enabled.
+
+Please note that due to some details `nsmux` may complain a lot when
+run as a normal user.  This matter is the most urgent on the TODO
+list.
+
 ## Source
 
 `nsmux` translator can be obtained with the following command:
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f85b511c46e479410f310d0763cc8fc4fb79326b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2009 09:05:16 +0200
Subject: Put nsmux in line with the other translator pages.

---
 community/gsoc/2008.mdwn           |   3 +-
 hurd/translator.mdwn               |   2 +-
 hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn         | 117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn | 117 -------------------------------------
 4 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
index d7b467bb..d994f2b0 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/2008.mdwn
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ did a great job!
   vacation). The project however was hampered by various misunderstandings,
   wrong assumptions, and several major redesigns during the course of the work
   -- which is probably more our fault than the student's. In the end, though, he
-  completed nsmux (the main namespace proxy handling the magic filename
+  completed [[hurd/translator/nsmux]] (the main namespace proxy handling the
+  magic filename
   lookups, running dynamic translators on demand); he still works on
   finishing the translator stack filtering necessary to implement some of the
   desired functionality (accessing files while skipping existing translators).
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index cfb1f7db..158f53d7 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[cvsfs]]
 * [[tmpfs]]
 * [[procfs]]
-* [[nsmux|translator/writing/nsmux]]
+* [[nsmux]]
 * ...
 
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c07a30bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+# nsmux
+
+`nsmux` implements the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator
+selection (see below).
+
+To use `nsmux` do the following:
+
+    $ settrans -a <node> nsmux <directory>
+
+After this operation `<node>` will be a mirror of `<directory>` with
+namespace-based translator selection functionality enabled.
+
+Please note that due to some details `nsmux` may complain a lot when
+run as a normal user.  This matter is the most urgent on the TODO
+list.
+
+## Source
+
+`nsmux` translator can be obtained with the following command:
+
+    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/nsmux.git
+
+`filter` translator can be obtained with the following command:
+
+    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/filter.git
+
+The filter is not yet working.
+
+It is highly probable that soon the code will be moved to Savannah.
+
+## Namespace-based Translator Selection
+
+Namespace-based translator selection is the special technique of using
+"magic" filenames for both accessing the file and setting translators
+on it.
+
+A "magic" filename is a filename which contains an unescaped sequence
+of two commas: ",,".  This sequence can be escaped by adding another
+comma: ",,,".  In the magic filename the part up to the first double
+commas is interpreted as the filename itself; the remaining segments
+into which the string is split by occurrences of ",," are treated as
+names of translators located under `/hurd/`.
+
+The simplest advantage before traditional way of setting
+translators is shown in the following examples.  Compare this
+
+    $ settrans -a file translator1
+    $ settrans -a file translator2
+    $ cat file
+
+to this:
+    
+    $ cat file,,translator1,,translator2
+   
+One simple command versus three more lengthy ones is an obvious
+improvement.  However, this advantage is not the only one and,
+probably, not even the most important.
+
+What is a good candidate for the most important advantage is that
+translators requested via "magic" filenames are session-bound.  In
+other words, by running `cat file,,translator` we set a translator
+visible *only* to `cat`, while the original file remains untranslated.
+Such session-specific translators are called **dynamic** and there is
+no (theoretical) way for a client to get a port to a dynamic
+translator requested by another client.
+
+Obviously, dynamic translators can be stacked, similarly to static
+translators.  Also, dynamic translator stacks may reside on top of
+static translator stacks.
+
+An important operation of namespace-based translator selection is
+*filtering*.  Filtering basically consists in looking up a translator
+by name in the stack and ignoring translators located on top of it.
+Note that filtering does not mean dropping some translators: in the
+current implementation a filter is expected to be a normal dynamic
+translator, included in the dynamic translator stack similarly to
+other translators.
+
+An important detail is that filtering is not limited to dynamic
+translator stacks: a filter should be able to descend into static
+translator stacks as well.
+
+Although the concept of filtering may seem purely abstract in the
+simplest use-case of setting dynamic translators on top of files, the
+situation changes greatly when dynamic translator stacks on top of
+directories are considered.  In this case, the implementation of
+namespace-based translator selection is expected to be able to
+propagate the dynamic translators associated with the directory down
+the directory structure.  That is, all files located under a directory
+opened with magic syntax, are expected to be translated by the same
+set of translators.  In this case having the possibility to
+specifically discard some of the translators set up on top of certain
+files is very useful.
+
+Note that the implementation of propagation of dynamic translators
+down directories is not fully conceived at the moment.  The
+fundamental problem is distinguishing between situations when the
+dynamic translators are to be set on the underlying files of the
+directory or on the directory itself.
+
+## Currently Implemented
+
+Currently there a working (though not heavily tested) implementation
+of the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator selection in
+the form of translator `nsmux`.  The filter is partially implemented
+and this is the immediate goal.  Propagating translators down
+directories is the next objective.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c07a30bd..00000000
--- a/hurd/translator/writing/nsmux.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-# nsmux
-
-`nsmux` implements the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator
-selection (see below).
-
-To use `nsmux` do the following:
-
-    $ settrans -a <node> nsmux <directory>
-
-After this operation `<node>` will be a mirror of `<directory>` with
-namespace-based translator selection functionality enabled.
-
-Please note that due to some details `nsmux` may complain a lot when
-run as a normal user.  This matter is the most urgent on the TODO
-list.
-
-## Source
-
-`nsmux` translator can be obtained with the following command:
-
-    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/nsmux.git
-
-`filter` translator can be obtained with the following command:
-
-    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/filter.git
-
-The filter is not yet working.
-
-It is highly probable that soon the code will be moved to Savannah.
-
-## Namespace-based Translator Selection
-
-Namespace-based translator selection is the special technique of using
-"magic" filenames for both accessing the file and setting translators
-on it.
-
-A "magic" filename is a filename which contains an unescaped sequence
-of two commas: ",,".  This sequence can be escaped by adding another
-comma: ",,,".  In the magic filename the part up to the first double
-commas is interpreted as the filename itself; the remaining segments
-into which the string is split by occurrences of ",," are treated as
-names of translators located under `/hurd/`.
-
-The simplest advantage before traditional way of setting
-translators is shown in the following examples.  Compare this
-
-    $ settrans -a file translator1
-    $ settrans -a file translator2
-    $ cat file
-
-to this:
-    
-    $ cat file,,translator1,,translator2
-   
-One simple command versus three more lengthy ones is an obvious
-improvement.  However, this advantage is not the only one and,
-probably, not even the most important.
-
-What is a good candidate for the most important advantage is that
-translators requested via "magic" filenames are session-bound.  In
-other words, by running `cat file,,translator` we set a translator
-visible *only* to `cat`, while the original file remains untranslated.
-Such session-specific translators are called **dynamic** and there is
-no (theoretical) way for a client to get a port to a dynamic
-translator requested by another client.
-
-Obviously, dynamic translators can be stacked, similarly to static
-translators.  Also, dynamic translator stacks may reside on top of
-static translator stacks.
-
-An important operation of namespace-based translator selection is
-*filtering*.  Filtering basically consists in looking up a translator
-by name in the stack and ignoring translators located on top of it.
-Note that filtering does not mean dropping some translators: in the
-current implementation a filter is expected to be a normal dynamic
-translator, included in the dynamic translator stack similarly to
-other translators.
-
-An important detail is that filtering is not limited to dynamic
-translator stacks: a filter should be able to descend into static
-translator stacks as well.
-
-Although the concept of filtering may seem purely abstract in the
-simplest use-case of setting dynamic translators on top of files, the
-situation changes greatly when dynamic translator stacks on top of
-directories are considered.  In this case, the implementation of
-namespace-based translator selection is expected to be able to
-propagate the dynamic translators associated with the directory down
-the directory structure.  That is, all files located under a directory
-opened with magic syntax, are expected to be translated by the same
-set of translators.  In this case having the possibility to
-specifically discard some of the translators set up on top of certain
-files is very useful.
-
-Note that the implementation of propagation of dynamic translators
-down directories is not fully conceived at the moment.  The
-fundamental problem is distinguishing between situations when the
-dynamic translators are to be set on the underlying files of the
-directory or on the directory itself.
-
-## Currently Implemented
-
-Currently there a working (though not heavily tested) implementation
-of the simplest use-case of namespace-based translator selection in
-the form of translator `nsmux`.  The filter is partially implemented
-and this is the immediate goal.  Propagating translators down
-directories is the next objective.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 11d907085b93f3ea972556607658371be5f31507 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lukeshu <lukeshu@web>
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 2009 00:53:58 +0000
Subject: fix markup on link to
 http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss

---
 hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
index 57a19054..2fb30c7b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/setup.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Setup is very easy (You need a GNU/Linux system to install GNU, we are developing an installer for GNU and if you want to help us join us on [[http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss][gnu-system-discuss]]), just follow these steps ...
+Setup is very easy (You need a GNU/Linux system to install GNU, we are developing an installer for GNU and if you want to help us join us on [gnu-system-discuss](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/gnu-system-discuss)), just follow these steps ...
 
 ## Step 1: Find a home for GNU 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f1cc66b89ae0c42a3c85eec0344746e88a09d231 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lukeshu <lukeshu@web>
Date: Mon, 5 Oct 2009 00:58:40 +0000
Subject: spelling fixes

---
 hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
index 2cdb8e27..c7a97a4e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/create_an_image.mdwn
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
     create the necessary partitions (root and swap partitions boot, home ... if
     required)
 
-4. Create a file syatem for the root partiotion
+4. Create a file system for the root partition
 
         mke2fs /dev/hda1
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
 6. Copy the file system from the host machine to the mounted directory (use a
     compressed file system to make the copying faster)
 
-    Grab the GNU spapshot from ams' site
+    Grab the GNU snapshot from ams' site
     <http://www.update.uu.se/~ams/home/slask/GNU/>
 
         scp <user>@<host>:<path to the compressed file system> disk
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Creating a bootable qemu image from a root filesystem and bootloader
 
         poweroff
 
-10. To make the file syatem bootable download a grub floppy image
+10. To make the file system bootable download a grub floppy image
 
         <http://hurd.in/pub/Hurd/HurdOnVMware/grub.img>
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 80edc6ab43ce69dee3e50dddd59784b6102c5d8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 2009 14:42:43 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator: The (non-)difference between server and translator.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 158f53d7..e567938f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -33,6 +33,17 @@ kernel and thus have absolute access to the machine.
 As the protocols do not require any special privilege
 to implement, this is not an issue on the Hurd.
 
+In Mach parlance, a *translator* is what they name a *server*: a process that
+participates in [[RPC]] interactions.  In the Hurd, a translator is a server
+that is additionally attached to a filesystem node.  Thus, it is quite common,
+even in the Hurd context, to speak about *server*s if you're stressing the RPC
+part, and on the other hand about *translator*s if you're stressing the
+filesystem part: a translator implements the [[interface/fs]] and
+[[interface/io]] interfaces.  For example: *the [[pfinet]] server implements
+the socket API calls (which are mapped by [[glibc]] to equivalent RPC calls)*,
+compared to *a [[libdiskfs]]-based translator implements a filesystem, based on
+a backing store*.
+
 To learn how to write a translator, read the code!
 It is well documented, in particular, the header files.
 The [[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] also has a tutorial.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 434df18f5ff96012bc81ec5c2639b3bc67fc76b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2009 22:39:05 +0200
Subject: hurd/glibc/internals: New.

---
 hurd/glibc.mdwn           |  5 ++++-
 hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
index e975a239..454b8e34 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -16,3 +17,5 @@ For information about how the glibc integrates into the system, see sections
 [[Hurd-specific_API]].
 
 [[Debugging_glibc|debugging/glibc]].
+
+[[Internals.]]
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5d7354e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Some bits about this, some bits about that.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 89f832efb353132ec8374af73ed35231a4d20288 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2009 22:44:26 +0200
Subject: hurd/glibc/internals: Information by Roland McGrath, bug-hurd,
 2009-10-06, <20091006220809.84D691C2EB@topped-with-meat.com>.

---
 hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
index b5d7354e..2ced0543 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
@@ -9,3 +9,13 @@ is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Some bits about this, some bits about that.
+
+---
+
+Hurd controlling tty behavior is generally consistent with BSD's, including
+`TIOCSCTTY`.  Linux also has `TIOCSCTTY` and it is harmless to use it there.
+But BSD and Hurd never do an implicit `TIOCSCTTY` (hence our `O_NOCTTY` is
+zero).
+
+C.f. <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2009-10/msg00030.html> and the
+following messages.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e5ae3d177e3723d5a6aecf00c87a7f0e7f81818a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lukeshu <lukeshu@web>
Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2009 16:43:26 +0000
Subject: spelling: `traing' -> `trailing'

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
index f2889f3e..db0dbfd1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/apt_umount.mdwn
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ Give executable permission to the script.
     # chmod +x /usr/bin/umount
 
 In `/etc/fstab` add a trailing `/` after cdrom like `/cdrom/` since apt uses a
-traing `/`.
+trailing `/`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c2724866ae27469c32ac4c123c4fe727927d52f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2009 00:43:33 +0200
Subject: hurd/debugging/rpctrace: bug #20612 is fixed.

---
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index 63b72ee0..46f40508 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ See `rpctrace --help` about how to use it.
   * <http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?1633> -- terminated with `C-c` `rpctrace`d
     programs hang
 * <http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?5580> -- more readable output
-* <http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?20612> -- heisenbug
 
 
 # TODO
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2f55a3a398e0e2cf3fd6dffcbea4553a47be7036 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://fyskij.blogspot.com/" <http://fyskij.blogspot.com/@web>
Date: Wed, 21 Oct 2009 10:23:20 +0000
Subject: Ermenegildo Fiorito fiorito.g@gmail.com

---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index ecac8e21..74c1ac8b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -153,3 +153,4 @@ To join the project just list your name below.
    6. Ajish.B
    7. Ambili.B
    8. Abhradip Mukherjee
+   9. Ermenegildo Fiorito
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d2275ce2dce08d55e908bfc37b471f0febcfd178 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:33:35 +0200
Subject: A top replacement as suggested by Samuel Thibault.

---
 hurd/faq/top.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/top.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/top.mdwn b/hurd/faq/top.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e385c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/top.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="What is a replacement for procps' top?"]]
+
+Here is a replacement to use, until the real `top` works, which depends on
+[[hurd/translator/procfs]] and some [[!taglink porting|open_issue_porting]].
+
+    $ while :; do ps -e -v -s CPU --top=22 -r; sleep 5; done
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 00afeeb7f68f8dddf624426fb73e7a153605de4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:38:17 +0200
Subject: hurd/glibc/internals (Signals): Begin.

---
 hurd/glibc.mdwn           | 2 +-
 hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn | 8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
index 454b8e34..bdfed833 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc.mdwn
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ For information about how the glibc integrates into the system, see sections
 
 [[Debugging_glibc|debugging/glibc]].
 
-[[Internals.]]
+[[Internals]].
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
index 2ced0543..45bb0dab 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 Some bits about this, some bits about that.
 
----
+# Controlling TTY
 
 Hurd controlling tty behavior is generally consistent with BSD's, including
 `TIOCSCTTY`.  Linux also has `TIOCSCTTY` and it is harmless to use it there.
@@ -19,3 +19,9 @@ zero).
 
 C.f. <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2009-10/msg00030.html> and the
 following messages.
+
+# Sinals
+
+[[Unix]] signals are implemented in glibc.
+
+In every process, signals are handled in a separate signal thread.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b6afa6bc8855b1da227b0599fa2bdea6af3eaa8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:45:29 +0200
Subject: hurd/glibc/internals (Signals): About (a)synchronity.

---
 hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
index 45bb0dab..897da92e 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/internals.mdwn
@@ -25,3 +25,11 @@ following messages.
 [[Unix]] signals are implemented in glibc.
 
 In every process, signals are handled in a separate signal thread.
+
+    [Why does kill hang sometimes?]
+    <youpi> kill send the signal to the process
+    <youpi> if the process is hung, killing waits
+    <youpi> signals should be just asynchronous, but apparently for some reason
+      Roland & co wanted some syunchronization
+
+[[!taglink open_issue_glibc]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 668211b95b6fcbe198c6f1d032acf22921693609 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sergiu Ivanov <unlimitedscolobb@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2009 22:27:44 +0200
Subject: Update the information about the sources of nsmux and filter.

Now that both translators have been incorporated into the
incubator.git repository, the users are advised to obtain their
sources from Savannah.
---
 hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn | 18 ++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
index c07a30bd..61f3eebd 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
@@ -26,18 +26,24 @@ list.
 
 ## Source
 
-`nsmux` translator can be obtained with the following command:
+`nsmux` translator can be obtained with the following series of
+commands:
 
-    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/nsmux.git
+	$ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git nsmux
+	$ cd nsmux/
+	$ git fetch origin nsmux
+	$ git checkout -b nsmux FETCH_HEAD
 
-`filter` translator can be obtained with the following command:
+`filter` translator can be obtained with the following series of
+commands:
 
-    $ git clone git://github.com/scolobb/filter.git
+	$ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git filter
+	$ cd filter/
+	$ git fetch origin filter
+	$ git checkout -b filter FETCH_HEAD
 
 The filter is not yet working.
 
-It is highly probable that soon the code will be moved to Savannah.
-
 ## Namespace-based Translator Selection
 
 Namespace-based translator selection is the special technique of using
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ae465c6da2b6a0137af040d2ee45ebbd87405a6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2009 23:41:28 +0100
Subject: Simplify Git commands.

---
 hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn b/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
index 61f3eebd..d156772b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/nsmux.mdwn
@@ -31,16 +31,14 @@ commands:
 
 	$ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git nsmux
 	$ cd nsmux/
-	$ git fetch origin nsmux
-	$ git checkout -b nsmux FETCH_HEAD
+	$ git checkout -b nsmux origin/nsmux
 
 `filter` translator can be obtained with the following series of
 commands:
 
 	$ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git filter
 	$ cd filter/
-	$ git fetch origin filter
-	$ git checkout -b filter FETCH_HEAD
+	$ git checkout -b filter origin/filter
 
 The filter is not yet working.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 990f29a45dcfcdfd24da8cda011b2d76b1a62355 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://codehelper.myopenid.com/" <http://codehelper.myopenid.com/@web>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2009 03:29:37 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/ng.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index fb4d742f..153bffec 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ shortcomings.  There is not yet an official roadmap or a concrete
 specification; indeed, much of the work is research oriented.
 
 These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
-
+[essay](http://www.bestessays.com)
 
 # Why ngHurd
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ A [[position_paper]] by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal H. Walfield can be found.
 A draft specification of the Hurd-NG interfaces has been, but is no longer,
 available.
 
-A [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available.
+An [essay](http://www.bestessays.com) [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available.
 
 # Subjects
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bccba03cfe37ff6600042dda347ca280cb2b195c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 2009 08:05:20 +0100
Subject: Revert spam.

This reverts commit 990f29a45dcfcdfd24da8cda011b2d76b1a62355.
---
 hurd/ng.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index 153bffec..fb4d742f 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ shortcomings.  There is not yet an official roadmap or a concrete
 specification; indeed, much of the work is research oriented.
 
 These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
-[essay](http://www.bestessays.com)
+
 
 # Why ngHurd
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ A [[position_paper]] by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal H. Walfield can be found.
 A draft specification of the Hurd-NG interfaces has been, but is no longer,
 available.
 
-An [essay](http://www.bestessays.com) [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available.
+A [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available.
 
 # Subjects
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 02104bc7c74d33b70dbf3e4958bdd79ebdaf8bc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2009 23:51:57 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/faq: New.

---
 hurd/running.mdwn            |  5 ++++-
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn |  5 +++--
 hurd/running/faq.mdwn        | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/faq.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn
index 470b5f0b..f0058625 100644
--- a/hurd/running.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -17,4 +18,6 @@ There are several different ways to run a GNU/Hurd system:
 * [[vmware]] (**non-free!**)
 * [[FlashHurd]] - From a flash stick
 
+* [[FAQ]]
+
 * [[Public_hurd_boxen]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index 4966456a..b3bd230d 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
-See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|hurd/FAQ]] and [[after_install]].
+See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|/hurd/FAQ]], [[after_install]], and the [[General FAQ
+About Running GNU/Hurd|/hurd/running/faq]].
 
 [[!inline
 pages="hurd/running/debian/faq/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/hurd/running/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/faq.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a59bce7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/faq.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="General FAQ About Running GNU/Hurd"]]
+
+See also the [[Hurd FAQ|hurd/FAQ]], and the [[Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ|debian/faq]].
+
+[[!inline
+pages="hurd/running/faq/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no
+actions=yes
+rootpage="hurd/running/faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 83dea7ded79964148aff8826e6c0b0bc8be485c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2009 23:52:49 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/faq/native-install_doesnt_finish: New.

From three emails on bug-hurd, 2009-11.
---
 hurd/running/faq/native-install_doesnt_finish.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/faq/native-install_doesnt_finish.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/faq/native-install_doesnt_finish.mdwn b/hurd/running/faq/native-install_doesnt_finish.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a852e1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/faq/native-install_doesnt_finish.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Copying baseGNU to the virtual disk works. Even booting got through but when I
+try to run native-install it never gets to the very end. First time it froze on
+*sed* package, the other time on *sysv-rc*.
+
+> How much memory did you configure for the [[QEMU]] system?  It may simply be
+> -- I've seen this myself -- that the system runs out of memory, as at the
+> native-install stage (I think at least) swap is not yet configured and
+> enabled.  What I've been doing is: boot (with -s), MAKEDEV hdWHATEVER in
+> /dev/ for the swap device, run /hurd/mach-defpager, followed by swapon
+> /dev/hdWHATEVER.  Does this help?
+
+>> Thank You very much, more memory solved the freezing.
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8490c00d85dcfc72e86f0ff696df891fa891d7f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2009 13:07:53 +0100
Subject: hurd/faq/still_useful: New.  From help-hurd emails on 2009-09-16.

---
 hurd/faq/still_useful.mdwn | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/still_useful.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/still_useful.mdwn b/hurd/faq/still_useful.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bffeaebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/still_useful.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+what are the advantages with the Hurd over Linux, in general of course, nothing
+in depth
+
+> Flexibility for the user:
+> 
+> transparent ftp
+> 
+>     $ cd /ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian
+>     $ ls
+> 
+> personnal filesystem
+> 
+>     $ dd < /dev/zero > myspace.img bs=1M count=1024
+>     $ mke2fs myspace.img
+>     $ settrans myspace /hurd/ext2fs myspace.img
+>     $ cd myspace
+
+>> Just curious, but I keep seeing these (and other similar) concepts being
+>> brought up as the amazing selling points of the Hurd, but all of this is
+>> entirely doable now in Linux with FUSE or things like it.
+
+>>> Nowadays, at LAST, yes, partly.
+
+>> I'm not sure if an ftp filesystem has been implemented for FUSE yet, but its
+>> definately doable; and loopback filesystems like in your second example have
+>> been supported for years.
+
+>>> As a normal user?  And establish a tap interface connected through ppp over
+>>> ssh or whatever you could want to imagine?
+
+>>  What, then, are the major selling points or benefits?
+
+>>> These were just examples, Linux is trying to catch up in ugly ways indeed
+>>> (yes, have a look at the details of fuse, it's deemed to be inefficient).
+>>> In the Hurd, it's that way from the _ground_ and there is no limitation
+>>> like having to be root or ask for root to add magic lines, etc.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bf3901ebe65203ca142846a11eef5345cdeab20a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Axel <Axel@web>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2009 00:19:26 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/ng/discussion.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/ng/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/ng/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/ng/discussion.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4632bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/ng/discussion.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+To go beyond research project Hurd have to support thousands of various programs running on GNU/Linux nowadays.
+It looks like ExoKernel approach http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/exo.html might be useful here.
+Does somebody tried to look into something like Hurd exokernel + liblinux?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c77c6de8644a1b7ac2eaf2c4544a477bcb54f42d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <bab@draketo.de>
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2009 12:50:04 +0100
Subject: Added screenshot from Samuel Thibault.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn                                |   2 ++
 hurd/status/hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png | Bin 0 -> 195807 bytes
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/status/hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 3ee8ddcf..113c8e7f 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ servers in one Hurd instance with gdb running on another Hurd
 instance.  You can run the X window system, applications that use it,
 and advanced server applications like the Apache webserver.
 
+[[!img hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png size=300x225 alt="fvwm running on GNU/Hurd" title="fvwm running on GNU/Hurd"]]
+
 On the negative side, the support for character devices (like sound
 cards) and other hardware is mostly missing.  Although the POSIX
 interface is provided, some additional interfaces like POSIX shared
diff --git a/hurd/status/hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png b/hurd/status/hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..445abf32
Binary files /dev/null and b/hurd/status/hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png differ
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 910f1e8be9dc935008523ab130a1987e862f39b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <schwinge@nic-nac-project.de>
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:17:10 +0100
Subject: hurd/status: This also shows Gnumeric running.

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 113c8e7f..51054248 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ servers in one Hurd instance with gdb running on another Hurd
 instance.  You can run the X window system, applications that use it,
 and advanced server applications like the Apache webserver.
 
-[[!img hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png size=300x225 alt="fvwm running on GNU/Hurd" title="fvwm running on GNU/Hurd"]]
+[[!img hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png size=300x
+alt="FVWM and Gnumeric running on GNU/Hurd"
+title="FVWM and Gnumeric running on GNU/Hurd"]]
 
 On the negative side, the support for character devices (like sound
 cards) and other hardware is mostly missing.  Although the POSIX
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5a2465da762a811d285e91443fe193c6a82bc33f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://jmtd.livejournal.com/" <http://jmtd.livejournal.com/@web>
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:12:40 +0000
Subject: remove newlines around IMG directive

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 10 ++++++----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 51054248..cd2256e3 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ for production use, as there are still many bugs and missing features.
 However, it should be a good base for further development and
 non-critical application usage.
 
-The GNU system (also called GNU/Hurd) is completely self-contained
+[[!img hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png size=300x
+alt="FVWM and Gnumeric running on GNU/Hurd"
+title="FVWM and Gnumeric running on GNU/Hurd"
+align="right"
+
+]] The GNU system (also called GNU/Hurd) is completely self-contained
 (you can compile all parts of it using GNU itself).  You can run
 several instances of the Hurd in parallel, and debug even critical
 servers in one Hurd instance with gdb running on another Hurd
 instance.  You can run the X window system, applications that use it,
 and advanced server applications like the Apache webserver.
 
-[[!img hurd-fvwm-screenshot-2009-11-12.png size=300x
-alt="FVWM and Gnumeric running on GNU/Hurd"
-title="FVWM and Gnumeric running on GNU/Hurd"]]
 
 On the negative side, the support for character devices (like sound
 cards) and other hardware is mostly missing.  Although the POSIX
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dd26273133b630bd1dab1474efde36a4ec31d26d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:35:13 +0100
Subject: Trailing slashes are not a problem any more

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index 5fd66292..3fa802e8 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -149,10 +149,6 @@ by
 
         error_t err = error_t(EINTR);
 
-## <a name="Filenames_ending_in_a_slash_"> Filenames ending in a slash \`/' </a>
-
-Those are evil if they don't exist and you want to name a directory this way. For example, `mkdir foobar/` will not work on GNU. This is POSIX compatible. POSIX says that the path of a directory may have slashes appended to it. But the directory does not exist yet, so the path does not refer to a directory, and hence trailing slashes are not guaranteed to work. Just drop the slashes, and you're fine.
-
 ## <a name="Missing_termio_h_tt_"> Missing `termio.h` </a>
 
 Change it to use `termios.h` (check for it properly with autoconf `HAVE_TERMIOS_H` or the `__GLIBC__` macro)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From af90ba0d1f118a45c7f713f5a261735df50d49e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 2009 19:59:08 +0100
Subject: mention that there is no parallel port interface yet

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index 3fa802e8..b9afaff3 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -232,3 +232,7 @@ Not implemented, not POSIX.  Try to disable the feature in the package.
 ## <a name="broken_libc6_dependency"> broken libc6 dependency </a>
 
 Some packages use an erroneous dependency on `libc6-dev`. This is incorrect because `libc6` is specific to GNU/Linux. The corresponding package for GNU is `libc0.3-dev` but other OSes will have different ones. You can locate the problem in the `debian/control` file of the source tree. Typical solutions include detecting the OS using `dpkg-architecture` and hardcoding the soname, or better, use a logical OR. eg: `libc6-dev | libc0.3-dev | libc-dev`. The `libc-dev` is a virtual package that works for any soname but you have to put it only as the last option.
+
+## <a name="parport"> <linux/parport.h> <linux/ppdev.h> </a>
+
+There is no programming interface for the parallel port on GNU/Hurd yet.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d5d09c5a41a27ce9876e7e155a0a9d88bd0276c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 2009 20:03:52 +0100
Subject: Remove the broken libc6 dependency common issue, moved to the debian
 page

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index b9afaff3..bcfc8dd5 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -229,10 +229,6 @@ Not implemented, will always fail.  Use `sem_init()` instead if possible.
 
 Not implemented, not POSIX.  Try to disable the feature in the package.
 
-## <a name="broken_libc6_dependency"> broken libc6 dependency </a>
-
-Some packages use an erroneous dependency on `libc6-dev`. This is incorrect because `libc6` is specific to GNU/Linux. The corresponding package for GNU is `libc0.3-dev` but other OSes will have different ones. You can locate the problem in the `debian/control` file of the source tree. Typical solutions include detecting the OS using `dpkg-architecture` and hardcoding the soname, or better, use a logical OR. eg: `libc6-dev | libc0.3-dev | libc-dev`. The `libc-dev` is a virtual package that works for any soname but you have to put it only as the last option.
-
 ## <a name="parport"> <linux/parport.h> <linux/ppdev.h> </a>
 
 There is no programming interface for the parallel port on GNU/Hurd yet.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e5a8bf35d1fae2eaac859120085f4fdf8cccb746 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2009 00:35:46 +0100
Subject: Fix broken TOCs.  Reported by Emilio Pozuelo Monfort.

---
 hurd/console.mdwn                                |  4 ----
 hurd/running/debian/MediaPressKitDiscuss.mdwn    |  2 --
 hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn |  4 ----
 unsorted/BochsFAQ.mdwn                           |  2 --
 unsorted/BuildingOskitMach.mdwn                  |  7 -------
 unsorted/DebianX.mdwn                            |  4 ----
 unsorted/DebianXorg.mdwn                         |  4 ----
 unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn                       |  4 ----
 unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn                        |  4 ----
 unsorted/JoachimNilssonHurdPage.mdwn             | 12 ------------
 unsorted/OskitPatches.mdwn                       |  4 ----
 unsorted/RemoteDebugOskitMach.mdwn               |  4 ----
 unsorted/SeenHurd.mdwn                           |  4 ----
 unsorted/Xfree86.mdwn                            |  4 ----
 14 files changed, 63 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/console.mdwn b/hurd/console.mdwn
index 3895531b..4f976efd 100644
--- a/hurd/console.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/console.mdwn
@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ The latest Hurd package in Debian has all that is needed to run (dunno about hur
 Additional information about the console can be found in the [Hurd Console Tutorial](http://uwhug.org.uk/index.pl?Hurd_Console_Tutorial)
 
 
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 ## <a name="What_is_the_new_console_"> What is the new console? </a>
 
 **_The new Hurd console features:_**
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/MediaPressKitDiscuss.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/MediaPressKitDiscuss.mdwn
index e8b1cfff..2bd97290 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/MediaPressKitDiscuss.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/MediaPressKitDiscuss.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-%TOC%
-
 # <a name="Media_Press_Kit"> Media / Press Kit </a>
 
 ## <a name="Problem"> Problem </a>
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn
index 829af8e3..43ecbc77 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 This page reports known Hurd-specific bugs, quirks and corresponding solutions and workarounds with Debian GNU/Hurd package installation and working.
 
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 ## <a name="Dpkg_wants_external_programs_"> Dpkg wants external programs? </a>
 
 It may be that dpkg wants external GNU/Linux-specific programs that it can't found or that just don't exist on the Hurd. You can trick dpkg by copying and running this script as root:
diff --git a/unsorted/BochsFAQ.mdwn b/unsorted/BochsFAQ.mdwn
index d446f695..474bbed5 100644
--- a/unsorted/BochsFAQ.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/BochsFAQ.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # <a name="GNU_pre0_3_J2_for_Bochs_mini_FAQ"> </a> GNU pre0.3-J2 for Bochs mini-FAQ
 
-%TOC%
-
 ----
 
 ## <a name="What_do_you_mean_GNU_the_GNU_Hur"> </a> What do you mean "GNU", the GNU Hurd?
diff --git a/unsorted/BuildingOskitMach.mdwn b/unsorted/BuildingOskitMach.mdwn
index 334b0669..9eee80d3 100644
--- a/unsorted/BuildingOskitMach.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/BuildingOskitMach.mdwn
@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 ## <a name="HowTo_Build_OSKit_Mach"> </a> HowTo Build OSKit-Mach
 
-<table align="center" width="75%">
-  <tr>
-    <td width="50%"> %TOC% </td>
-    <td width="50%">
-      <p><nop></nop></p>
       <h3><a name="Introduction"> Introduction </a></h3> This is a brief "<nop>HowTO build OSKit-Mach" (a.k.a GNUmach 2.0). It covers everything from getting the latest sources of both the <a href="http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/oskit/" target="_top">OSKit</a> and the GNUmach kernel, down to building and debugging them. <p> To be able to actually make use of your recently checked out CVS version of the GNUMach kernel &amp;amp; c:o you need a GNU system of <a href="ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/gnu/alpha/gnu/hurd/contrib/marcus/gnu-20020816.tar.gz" target="_top">gnu-20020816.tar.gz</a> or later. See [[Distrib/TarballNotesHome]] for more info. </p></nop></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
 
 ## <a name="Getting_your_hands_on_the_source"> Getting your hands on the source </a>
 
diff --git a/unsorted/DebianX.mdwn b/unsorted/DebianX.mdwn
index 00692ca8..3afac88a 100644
--- a/unsorted/DebianX.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/DebianX.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # <a name="Setting_up_X_on_Debian_GNU_Hurd"> </a> Setting up X on Debian GNU/Hurd
 
-#### <a name="Table_Of_Contents"> Table Of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 This is a brief helper on how to setup X-Windows on Debian GNU/Hurd.
 
 Obviously this text is taken from the page <http://hurd.gnufans.org/bin/view/Hurd/Xfree86> but I was making such drastic changes, I didn't want to hack up that page.
diff --git a/unsorted/DebianXorg.mdwn b/unsorted/DebianXorg.mdwn
index 1599c689..a1d77903 100644
--- a/unsorted/DebianXorg.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/DebianXorg.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # <a name="Setting_up_Xorg_on_Debian_GNU_Hu"> </a> Setting up Xorg on Debian GNU/Hurd
 
-#### <a name="Table_Of_Contents"> Table Of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 This is a brief helper on how to setup Xorg on Debian GNU/Hurd.
 
 Obviously this text is taken from the page <http://hurd.gnufans.org/bin/view/Hurd/DebianX> but I was making such drastic changes, I didn't want to hack up that page.
diff --git a/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn b/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn
index 1cdfca9c..98c7c706 100644
--- a/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/InstallNotes.mdwn
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ Items of interest during install not mentioned elsewhere include the following.
 
 **_Currently, [Debian's installation instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install) are the most up-to-date._**<br /> Note the mirrors mentioned on debian.org have no hurd iso's. The iso's can be found [Here](http://ftp.gnuab.org/pub/gnu.iso)
 
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 ## <a name="1_Overview_Where_we_are_going"> 1. Overview - Where we are going </a>
 
 There are currently four methods to install GNU
diff --git a/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn b/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn
index c9f5bdc2..262ec741 100644
--- a/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/InstallTips.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 Before reading these instructions, be sure you are familiar with the [[InstallNotes]].
 
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 ## <a name="1_Setting_up_the_filesystems"> 1. Setting up the filesystems </a>
 
 You will need to boot a linux capable of internet access and creating/mounting ext2 partitions. I recommend [tomsrtbt](http://www.toms.net/rb/) linux which fits nicely onto a floppy and although a bit old will work well.
diff --git a/unsorted/JoachimNilssonHurdPage.mdwn b/unsorted/JoachimNilssonHurdPage.mdwn
index e4dde2b9..163d6845 100644
--- a/unsorted/JoachimNilssonHurdPage.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/JoachimNilssonHurdPage.mdwn
@@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
-<table width="100%">
-  <tr>
-    <td>
-    </td>
-    <td align="right"><a href="http://hurd.gnufans.orghttp://LOCATIONHurd/JoachimNilssonHurdPage" target="_top">Edit this page</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="right"> %ATTACHURL%/patch_kit.jpg </td>
-    <td align="left"><nop><h2><a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a></h2> %TOC% </nop></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
 ## <a name="Introduction"> Introduction </a>
 
 This page serves as a simple project page for me. I use it to list my personal Hurd related projects, currently only OSKit related. If you wish to comment on my work, do so in [[TWiki/GoodStyle]], preferably at the bottom of this page.
diff --git a/unsorted/OskitPatches.mdwn b/unsorted/OskitPatches.mdwn
index d189bb6d..b0cb646a 100644
--- a/unsorted/OskitPatches.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/OskitPatches.mdwn
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-## <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 ## <a name="Flux_OS_Toolkit"> Flux OS Toolkit </a>
 
 [The OSKit](http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/oskit/) is a framework and a set of libraries for building and extending operating systems developed by [the Flux Project](http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/).
diff --git a/unsorted/RemoteDebugOskitMach.mdwn b/unsorted/RemoteDebugOskitMach.mdwn
index c260ce25..bb5b9006 100644
--- a/unsorted/RemoteDebugOskitMach.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/RemoteDebugOskitMach.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # <a name="Remote_Debug_GNUmach"> </a> Remote Debug GNUmach
 
-# <a name="Table_of_Contents"> Table of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 # <a name="Booting_oskit_mach_with_a_serial"> Booting oskit-mach with a serial console </a>
 
 **Original Author:** Igor Khavkine  **Last Updated:** Mon Jul 30 17:58:55 EDT 2001
diff --git a/unsorted/SeenHurd.mdwn b/unsorted/SeenHurd.mdwn
index 8e883d5f..92be4224 100644
--- a/unsorted/SeenHurd.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/SeenHurd.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # <a name="Hurd_Sightings"> Hurd Sightings </a>
 
-#### <a name="Table_Of_Contents"> Table Of Contents </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 ## <a name="Hurd_People_Sightings"> Hurd People Sightings </a>
 
 <dl>
diff --git a/unsorted/Xfree86.mdwn b/unsorted/Xfree86.mdwn
index 617508e5..a3ee1027 100644
--- a/unsorted/Xfree86.mdwn
+++ b/unsorted/Xfree86.mdwn
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # <a name="Setup_XFree86_in_GNU"> </a> Setup XFree86 in GNU
 
-#### <a name="Table_Of_Content"> Table Of Content </a>
-
-%TOC%
-
 This is a brief helper on how to setup X-Window on GNU.
 
 ### <a name="Mouse_amp_Keyboard"> Mouse &amp; Keyboard </a>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2b76112322c7f7bdf33d0eb79e6561f299242adb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 2009 16:41:42 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/porting: debian-hurd-build-logs mailing list.

---
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index baf1f045..643db0a5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ messages](http://unstable.buildd.net/buildd/hurd-i386_Failed.html) can be
 found, as well as a [preliminary
 analysis](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00000.html) of them and [solutions](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/07/msg00001.html), and some more details in [[hurd/porting/guidelines]]. [Graphs and statistics](http://people.debian.org/~sthibault/) about the consequence in terms of build dependencies are available.
 
+There is a mailing list,
+[debian-hurd-build-logs](http://lists.alioth.debian.org/mailman/listinfo/debian-hurd-build-logs),
+where *builds logs from the Debian GNU/Hurd autobuilders* are posted.  It is a
+high-traffic and high-volume list, and for that reason *not* archived, so you
+have to subscribe to see the messages.
+
 It might be a good idea to record your intention to port something either in
 the list below or in the [Alioth task
 tracker](http://alioth.debian.org/pm/task.php?group_project_id=34&group_id=30628&func=browse)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1ead889249f9b8c2ea0095e96e3bfd9b30d4b9f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:37:13 +0100
Subject: typo

---
 hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
index e4482e65..8e26a959 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/storeio.mdwn
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ You can even `ungzip` files on the fly (`bunzip2` is available as well):
 You can use the *typed store*, to create filter chains (of course this example
 is kind of useless since you could use the `gunzip` store directly):
 
-    settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T type gunzip:file:foo.gz
+    settrans -ca node /hurd/storeio -T typed gunzip:file:foo.gz
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c6998eace4dab7c635611f19ffd935fe8e79523c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 5 Jan 2010 20:25:21 +0100
Subject: open_issues/libstore_parted -> hurd/libstore/part -- but still stub
 page.

---
 hurd/libstore/part.mdwn          | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/libstore_parted.mdwn |  6 +-----
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libstore/part.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libstore/part.mdwn b/hurd/libstore/part.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d727ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libstore/part.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="part store"]]
+
+`part.c`
+
+Written by Neal in 2001, 2002.
+
+Useful if the microkernel / [[DDE]] / [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]]
+doesn't export *partition devices*, but only *raw* devices.
+
+Neal:
+
+> The motivation was to be able to evict the partitioning logic from Mach.
+
+---
+
+TODO: How to use, etc.
diff --git a/open_issues/libstore_parted.mdwn b/open_issues/libstore_parted.mdwn
index b9904091..852c8fa8 100644
--- a/open_issues/libstore_parted.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/libstore_parted.mdwn
@@ -8,8 +8,4 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Investigate and document `libstore/part.c`.  Useful if the microkernel /
-[[DDE]] / [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] doesn't export *partition
-devices*, but only *raw* devices.
-
-Written by Neal in 2001, 2002.
+[[!meta redir=hurd/libstore/part]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 908f9f13e8b7fdf48310c5cd1374093866a36ed2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 2010 01:40:58 +0100
Subject: Add a related fix from Zheng Da

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index 01dc87d2..417c79be 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -212,3 +212,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
     <antrik> seems something more broke in the meantime :-(
     <antrik> ah, right... but I the main problem was some other change
     <antrik> (or maybe it never really worked, not sure anymore)
+
+---
+
+    http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?26751
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ba8795f97e621475c8ff7a45ab5845d431828947 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 12 Jan 2010 14:04:17 +0100
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various: Use shortcut syntax.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
index 417c79be..5e4e991c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/notes_various.mdwn
@@ -215,4 +215,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 ---
 
-    http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?26751
+[[!GNU_Savannah_bug 26751]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 86aeaafdb9466b10575afde10821c7b307a70447 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tanami <Tanami@web>
Date: Thu, 14 Jan 2010 17:25:28 +0000
Subject: small grammar/spelling changes

---
 hurd/running/gnu.mdwn | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
index 26d93279..94012ef5 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn
@@ -15,32 +15,32 @@ It is our wish and goal to establish a new direction for the GNU system distribu
 
 This is not intended to detract from Debian GNU/Hurd and we should help them where we can.
 
-I really want this to be more of a community driven effort in the spirit of say Ubuntu. We all have different motivations and skill levels but we need a common goal to get this system going.
+I really want this to be more of a community driven effort in the spirit of say, Ubuntu. We all have different motivations and skill levels but we need a common goal to get this system going.
 
-These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Lets clean this up.
+These are just some quick notes I am making late at night. Let's clean this up.
 
 ## <a name="Motivations"> Motivations </a>
 
 1. There is a possibility that Debian drops support for GNU/Hurd.
 2. Other GNU/Linux distributions do not support the Hurd infrastructure well.
-3. Benefitting from the Hurd design and using a microkernel.
+3. Benefiting from the Hurd design and using a microkernel.
 4. Freedom.
 
 ## <a name="Community"> Community </a>
 
-1. Lets establish some ground rules.
+1. Let's establish some ground rules.
 2. We need infrastructure
   * Wiki for community documentation
   * Mailing lists like gnu-system-discuss exists for mostly technical items
   * IRC channels like #hug and ##hurd
   * Perhaps less formal and less intimidating channels and mailing lists would involve broader parts of the community
 3. We need a community vision and direction.
-  * Lets work together for a common goal
-  * Lets establish goals and priorities and get resources on them. (More later)
+  * Let's work together for a common goal
+  * Let's establish goals and priorities and get resources on them. (More later)
     * Major goal to create a system making full use of Hurd features?
       * We should never hesitate to throw away existing stuff whenever it hinders us to make good use of Hurd features
       * However, we should try to reuse existing stuff (from Debian for example) as long as it doesn't limit our possibilities or impose considerable overhead
-  * Lets have fun. It's GNU and it's important but let's enjoy ourselves.
+  * Let's have fun. It's GNU and it's important but let's enjoy ourselves.
 
 ## Download
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From abd5908d65700bdd498085b9841596326b6aa4d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hammy <hammy@web>
Date: Sun, 31 Jan 2010 15:15:27 +0000
Subject: Add steps to prevent ./native-install hang due to low memory in qemu

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 48d87b35..43542157 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -43,6 +43,14 @@ Next you will want to start up QEMU and begin the installation process. The firs
 Now at his point do the regular install using `hd0` as your harddrive. Partition it and install the base system. Once you have finished installing the base system select the reboot option as this will ensure the disk is properly un-mounted. When the Debian CD menu comes up again simply close QEMU.
 
 Now run your image with floppy booting (`-boot a`) and finish the install (`./native-install` .. etc).
+You'll want to add more memory or activate swap for `./native-install` or it will hang.
+Starting qemu with `-m 512` worked for me.
+Swap can be activated like this (replace hd0s2 with your swap partition):
+
+    $ cd /dev/
+    $ MAKEDEV hd0s2 in /dev/ for the swap device
+    $ /hurd/mach-defpager
+    $ swapon /dev/hd0s2
 
 **Important:** Older versions on gnumach needed that the `-M isapc` was passed to qemu. This is not needed anymore.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8d7ddfc9f8ba0289b456d7f1d00498b77e5a5ccc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hammy <hammy@web>
Date: Sun, 31 Jan 2010 15:19:47 +0000
Subject: Remove extranous text from last commit

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 43542157..b3346af1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Starting qemu with `-m 512` worked for me.
 Swap can be activated like this (replace hd0s2 with your swap partition):
 
     $ cd /dev/
-    $ MAKEDEV hd0s2 in /dev/ for the swap device
+    $ MAKEDEV hd0s2
     $ /hurd/mach-defpager
     $ swapon /dev/hd0s2
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f9657ce414fc4bfde836c6dbfdd32fea00149eee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 2010 01:05:16 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/arch_hurd: Stub page.

---
 hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6635f415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Arch Hurd"]]
+
+<http://www.archhurd.org/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b7b1bc0acdeef698396baa1699a69cee2f3625d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hammy <hammy@web>
Date: Sat, 6 Feb 2010 16:59:39 +0000
Subject: Add Generalizing mobility for the Hurd

---
 hurd/documentation.mdwn | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
index 589246bd..874ce847 100644
--- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn
@@ -63,3 +63,9 @@ is included in the section entitled
     [[Position_paper_*Improving_Usability_via_Access_Decomposition_and_Policy*|ng/position_paper]]
     Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann give an overview about how a future,
     subsequent system may be architected.
+
+  * [*Generalizing mobility for the Hurd*](http://users.student.lth.se/cs07fh9/2009-hammar-hurd-mobility.pdf),
+    a thesis written by Carl Fredrik Hammar,
+    investigates the mobility aspect of stores
+    and how it can be generalized and used for other applications.
+    The background chapter may be of interest to new developers.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7ba5916903513fe37a2e466dc72387d84cbe57ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gregory <Gregory@web>
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2010 07:02:58 +0000
Subject: changed mention of latest version from K16 to L1

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index cd2256e3..b0fe1460 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about
 50% of the Debian software archive. 
 
 The most recent version of the Debian port at the time of writing 
-is *Debian GNU/Hurd K16*.
+is *Debian GNU/Hurd L1*.
 
 
 That said, the last official release of the Hurd 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4f7743976c8ecf6e4a2a80cdbd18595530a16be3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2010 14:38:43 +0100
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: cross-gnu in the incubator.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 51b3abfc..c5dddfb6 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -13,9 +14,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
 complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
 
-For now, find the shell scripts at
-<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu> and
-<http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env>.
+Find it in the [[source repositories/incubator]], *cross-gnu* branch.
 
 
 ## Using
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 178c1c37ab90f9693785af0a876ca816d8b7733e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 10 Mar 2010 08:42:45 +0100
Subject: community/gsoc: Clean up a bit. community/gsoc/2009: Tidy up.
 hurd/translator/unionfs: Mention that unionmount has been worked on as a GSoC
 2009 project.

---
 community/gsoc.mdwn          |  6 +++--
 community/gsoc/2009.mdwm     | 53 --------------------------------------------
 community/gsoc/2009.mdwn     | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn |  6 ++++-
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/2009.mdwm
 create mode 100644 community/gsoc/2009.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc.mdwn b/community/gsoc.mdwn
index aa5a7c5b..1d93b37c 100644
--- a/community/gsoc.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ getting one slot each year.
 In 2008 we successfully participated on our own, no longer within the GNU
 project.  Read about our five students' success on the [[2008]] page.
 
-In 2009 we participated under the GNU umbrella with one slot again.
+The next year, we participated under the GNU umbrella with one slot again.
+Read about it on the [[2009]] page.
 
 
 # Joining in
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2009.mdwm b/community/gsoc/2009.mdwm
deleted file mode 100644
index ce3b26fb..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/2009.mdwm
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Google Summer of Code"]]
-
-# 2009
-
-The GNU Hurd project this year unfortunately is not in the list of accepted
-mentoring organizations.
-
-However, don't despair!  This doesn't mean that you'd not be allowed to work on
-your favorite GNU Hurd project.  For one, there's the possibility that a slot
-for your project can be allocated under the [auspices of the GNU
-project](http://www.gnu.org/software/soc-projects/).  Second, we're of course
-always open to introducing newcomers to the world of the GNU Hurd outside of
-any Google Summer of whatever project.  Just pick a task from the list pointed
-to below on this page and get in touch with us!
-
-<!-- The GSoC 2009 student application time has come to an end -- we
-are now evaluating your applications. -->
-
-The applications have been evaluated and the following student has
-been accepted:
-
-  * [[Sergiu Ivanov|scolobb]]
-
-
-# History
-
-2006 and 2007 we participated in GSoC under the umbrella of the GNU project,
-getting one slot each year.
-
-<!-- TODO.  Extend.  -->
-
-In 2008 we successfully participated on our own, no longer within the GNU
-project.  Read about our five students' success on the [[2008]] page.
-
-
-# Joining in
-
-If these successes got you interested in contributing some larger part yourself -
-in your free time or maybe in next years Google Summer of Code - 
-please have a look at our [[project_ideas]] and read up about [[contributing]].
-
-Also, feel free to ask your questions at one of our
-[[regular_IRC_meetings|IRC#regular_meetings]].
diff --git a/community/gsoc/2009.mdwn b/community/gsoc/2009.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6efeb839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/community/gsoc/2009.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Google Summer of Code 2009"]]
+
+The GNU Hurd project unfortunately was not in the list of accepted
+mentoring organizations.
+
+We did get one slot from the GNU project's.
+
+The applications have been evaluated and the following student has
+been accepted:
+
+  * [[Sergiu Ivanov|scolobb]] -- working on a *[[VFS-style union
+    mount|hurd/translator/unionmount]]* functionality; [Google's project
+    page](http://socghop.appspot.com/gsoc/student_project/show/google/gsoc2009/karlberry/t124022551214).
diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index 331ad19f..d1e3868b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -73,6 +74,9 @@ both for comparision.) The ethernet multiplexer shall serve as an example use
 case -- any changes necessary to allow using it with the union mount
 functionality are also to be considered part of the task.
 
+[[Sergiu Ivanov|scolobb]] has been working on this as a [[Google Summer of Code
+2009 project|community/gsoc/2009]].
+
 ## Implementation
 
 ### Source
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4d15634e3574c54db86e79ae6e5734de49bfc57b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 13 Mar 2010 12:26:41 +0100
Subject: more details about the memory limitation

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn | 15 +++++++++------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
index 90c16a69..f89a5c01 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/512_mib_ram_limit.mdwn
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="512 MiB RAM Limit"]]
 
-GNU Mach does not cope well with lots of memory.  Newer versions of the Debian
-`gnumach` package will limit themselves to around 1 GiB of memory.  If you have
-an older version, or still experience problems with `vmstat` (see above)
-reported much less memory than you have, the best is to limit the memory it can
-see via GRUB's `upppermem` feature.  Add `uppermem 786432` to GRUB's Hurd entry
-in `menu.lst`.
+Just like any 32bit OS without bad tricks, GNU Mach does not cope well with lots
+of memory.  Newer versions of the Debian `gnumach` package will limit themselves
+to around 1 GiB of memory. If you want more, you can twiddle the VM_MAX_ADDRESS
+limit between kernelland and userland in i386/include/mach/i386/vm_param.h.
+
+If you have an older version, or still experience problems with `vmstat` (see
+above) reported much less memory than you have, the best is to limit the memory
+it can see via GRUB's `upppermem` feature.  Add `uppermem 786432` to GRUB's Hurd
+entry in `menu.lst`.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a1639fde389e42a9e5583caa76b6a83b76419453 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 13 Mar 2010 12:28:31 +0100
Subject: explain when -P is needed

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
index d3aadec8..b55484e1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/debugging_translators.mdwn
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 In order to [[debug|debugging]] translators and being able to step into glibc
-during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  Then
+during it, you need the `hurd-dbg` and `libc0.3-dbg` packages installed.  If you need to debug the initialization of the translator,
 start the translator like `settrans -P /foo /usr/bin/env
 LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=/usr/lib/debug /hurd/foofs`. The `-P` option will make it
 pause and you will be able to attach [[debugging/GDB]] to the process.
-
-Is starting the translator like this really needed?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4404240f376b9551543e082ee09c1822ed5c3e6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 13 Mar 2010 12:30:00 +0100
Subject: explain ps -M does not hang

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
index b5e35420..febfeb59 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/ps_hangs.mdwn
@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work.
+If `ps` hangs, try `ps -M` which might still work by not getting detailed
+information from processes.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 73364dd3f261f73e57df7aa18f8504706f3b78b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sat, 13 Mar 2010 12:33:29 +0100
Subject: explain the probing eata on XXX issue

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/eata.mdwn | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/debian/faq/eata.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/eata.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/eata.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa7dbdec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/eata.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+In some virtual machines (e.g. VirtualBox), "probing eata on XXX" may be
+quite long. This is apparently due to poor efficiency of the virtualizer, not
+Mach. There is no such issue on real hardware or using qemu/kvm.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dbb800370d034f1e2b9ccfbf7a94ac8b91ccbe80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Carl Fredrik Hammar <hammy.lite@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 16:12:39 +0100
Subject: Describe how to test QEMU user-network

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index b3346af1..6b9062e9 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ If you just want to access the internet from within QEMU, you can setup pfinet f
 (See also <http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/qemu-doc.html#SEC32>.)
 
 Outgoing internet connections should just work then.
+Testing it can be difficult with a minimal installation,
+but `apt-get update` should work after you have filled out
+`/etc/apt/sources.list`.
+After that you should be able to install other network packages,
+but note that `ping` doesn't work with QEMU's user-networking stack.
 
 If you want to connect from the host system to the Hurd system running in QEMU, you need to setup something more advanced, like bridged networking.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e2628fc0173d54e8e6c1d62c90940d789c24c87e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pino <pino@web>
Date: Sun, 21 Mar 2010 01:26:41 +0000
Subject: add section about not using hardcoded errno values

---
 hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
index bcfc8dd5..8dd27a52 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/guidelines.mdwn
@@ -232,3 +232,40 @@ Not implemented, not POSIX.  Try to disable the feature in the package.
 ## <a name="parport"> <linux/parport.h> <linux/ppdev.h> </a>
 
 There is no programming interface for the parallel port on GNU/Hurd yet.
+
+## <a name="errno"> `errno` values </a>
+
+When dealing with `errno`, you should always use the predefined error codes defined with the `E*` constants, instead of manually comparing/assigning/etc with their values.
+
+For example (C/C++):
+
+    /* check whether it does not exist */
+    if (errno == 2)
+      ...
+
+or Python:
+
+    # check whether it does not exist
+    try:
+      ...
+    except OSError, err:
+      err.errno == 2:
+        ...
+
+This is wrong, as [the actual values of the `E*` are unspecified (per POSIX)](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_03.html#tag_02_03). You must always use the predefined constants for the possible errors.
+
+For example (C/C++):
+
+    /* check whether it does not exist */
+    if (errno == ENOENT)
+      ...
+
+With Python, you can use the [`errno` module](http://docs.python.org/library/errno.html) for the various constants:
+
+    # check whether it does not exist
+    try:
+      ...
+    except OSError, err:
+      import errno
+      err.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+        ...
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cb73320ae8e99626f783800459b1d5bae8bbfd02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2010 16:58:13 +0200
Subject: Add a FAQ on SMP

---
 hurd/faq/smp.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/smp.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/smp.mdwn b/hurd/faq/smp.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..953784da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/smp.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Does GNU/Hurd support SMP/Multicore?"]]
+
+The Hurd servers themselves are multithreaded, so they should be able to take benefit of the parallelism brought by SMP/Multicore boxes. This has however never been tested yet because of the following.
+
+Mach used to be running on SMP boxes like the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_iPSC/860 | iPSC 860]], so has an infrastructure for running on them. It has however not (yet) been ported to nowadays' SMP standards like ACPI etc.
+
+That is why for now GNU/Hurd will only uses one logical processor (i.e. one core or one thread, depending on the socket type).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a82a361a7e4cd55f81ce99ebea112f8b983dc414 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2010 21:35:34 +0200
Subject: hurd/logo -> logo

---
 hurd/logo.mdwn              |  22 ++++---------------
 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png | Bin 1764 -> 0 bytes
 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg |  50 --------------------------------------------
 logo.mdwn                   |  25 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 logo/boxes-redrawn.png      | Bin 0 -> 1764 bytes
 logo/boxes-redrawn.svg      |  50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 sidebar.mdwn                |   5 ++---
 7 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png
 delete mode 100644 hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
 create mode 100644 logo.mdwn
 create mode 100644 logo/boxes-redrawn.png
 create mode 100644 logo/boxes-redrawn.svg

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/logo.mdwn b/hurd/logo.mdwn
index aae80561..467e6ba8 100644
--- a/hurd/logo.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/logo.mdwn
@@ -1,25 +1,11 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
-<http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
-
-
-On some lonely Wednesday, Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]
-converted these four boxes from the [original METAFONT
-sources](http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd.mf) to
-[[hand-written_SVG_code|boxes-redrawn.svg]].
-
-[[!img boxes-redrawn.png]]
-
-
-This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this web site.
-
-[[!img /favicon.ico]]
+[[!meta redir=/logo]]
diff --git a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png
deleted file mode 100644
index fd26a87e..00000000
Binary files a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg b/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
deleted file mode 100644
index c0a7e460..00000000
--- a/hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
-<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20cm" height="20cm" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
-	<desc>
-		The Hurd Boxes and Arrows logo.
-
-		Converted to SVG by Thomas Schwinge and Colin Leitner at 09/2007.
-		We used the metafont original from Stephen McCamant (1997).
-		available on http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html.
-
-		TODO.  The flection of some of the curves is different from the
-		original.  We don't know yet how to exactly reproduce
-		METAFONT's ``A..B'' syntax.  Also the thickness of the lines
-		may be a different one.  Elaborate on the copyright situation
-		and licensing conditions.
-	</desc>
-	<defs>
-		<style type="text/css">
-			#boxes, #arrows {
-				stroke: black;
-				stroke-width: 3;
-			}
-
-			#boxes { fill: white; }
-		</style>
-	</defs>
-	<g transform="translate(0 100) scale(1 -1) translate(-5 5)">
-		<g id="arrows" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round">
-			<path d="M 40 80  Q 20 80 20 65  L 20 60"/>
-			<path d="M 15 65  L 20 60  L 25 65"/>
-
-			<path d="M 50 70  Q 50 50 62.5 50  L 70 50"/>
-			<path d="M 65 45  L 70 50  L 65 55"/>
-
-			<path d="M 60 20  Q 100 20 100 50  Q 100 80 65 80  L 60 80"/>
-			<path d="M 65 75  L 60 80  L 65 85"/>
-
-			<path d="M 80 40  Q 80 0 50 0  Q 20 0 20 35  L 20 40"/>
-			<path d="M 15 35  L 20 40  L 25 35"/>
-		</g>
-
-		<g id="boxes">
-			<rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
-			<rect x="40" y="70" width="20" height="20"/>
-			<rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
-			<rect x="40" y="10" width="20" height="20"/>
-		</g>
-	</g>
-</svg>
-
diff --git a/logo.mdwn b/logo.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aae80561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logo.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled
+[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The famous *Hurd Boxes* logo is available at
+<http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html>.
+
+
+On some lonely Wednesday, Colin Leitner and [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]
+converted these four boxes from the [original METAFONT
+sources](http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd.mf) to
+[[hand-written_SVG_code|boxes-redrawn.svg]].
+
+[[!img boxes-redrawn.png]]
+
+
+This symbol is also being used as a favicon for this web site.
+
+[[!img /favicon.ico]]
diff --git a/logo/boxes-redrawn.png b/logo/boxes-redrawn.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd26a87e
Binary files /dev/null and b/logo/boxes-redrawn.png differ
diff --git a/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg b/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0a7e460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logo/boxes-redrawn.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
+<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20cm" height="20cm" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
+	<desc>
+		The Hurd Boxes and Arrows logo.
+
+		Converted to SVG by Thomas Schwinge and Colin Leitner at 09/2007.
+		We used the metafont original from Stephen McCamant (1997).
+		available on http://www.gnu.org/graphics/hurd_mf.html.
+
+		TODO.  The flection of some of the curves is different from the
+		original.  We don't know yet how to exactly reproduce
+		METAFONT's ``A..B'' syntax.  Also the thickness of the lines
+		may be a different one.  Elaborate on the copyright situation
+		and licensing conditions.
+	</desc>
+	<defs>
+		<style type="text/css">
+			#boxes, #arrows {
+				stroke: black;
+				stroke-width: 3;
+			}
+
+			#boxes { fill: white; }
+		</style>
+	</defs>
+	<g transform="translate(0 100) scale(1 -1) translate(-5 5)">
+		<g id="arrows" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round">
+			<path d="M 40 80  Q 20 80 20 65  L 20 60"/>
+			<path d="M 15 65  L 20 60  L 25 65"/>
+
+			<path d="M 50 70  Q 50 50 62.5 50  L 70 50"/>
+			<path d="M 65 45  L 70 50  L 65 55"/>
+
+			<path d="M 60 20  Q 100 20 100 50  Q 100 80 65 80  L 60 80"/>
+			<path d="M 65 75  L 60 80  L 65 85"/>
+
+			<path d="M 80 40  Q 80 0 50 0  Q 20 0 20 35  L 20 40"/>
+			<path d="M 15 35  L 20 40  L 25 35"/>
+		</g>
+
+		<g id="boxes">
+			<rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
+			<rect x="40" y="70" width="20" height="20"/>
+			<rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"/>
+			<rect x="40" y="10" width="20" height="20"/>
+		</g>
+	</g>
+</svg>
+
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 7d71cd28..159104fc 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-Welcome to...  [[!img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU
-Hurd!
+Welcome to... [[!img /logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/logo]] ... the GNU Hurd!
 
   * **[[Home|/index]]**
   * **[[Community]]**
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c9b7b4b81037f949e05c6e45979904c790a94c97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 31 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0200
Subject: hurd/libports: New.

With suggestions by Neal.
---
 hurd.mdwn          |  3 ++-
 hurd/libports.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libports.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 24bd97f7..e1bb861d 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 * RPC [[Interface]]s
 * Libraries
   * [[libpager]]
+  * [[libports]]
   * [[libstore]]
   * [[libchannel]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
diff --git a/hurd/libports.mdwn b/hurd/libports.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9aa518f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libports.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+*libports* is a convenience library for easier handling of [[Mach
+ports|microkernel/mach/port]].  It is documented in the [[Reference_Manual]].
+
+*libports* is not (at least, not for now) a generalization / abstraction of
+Mach ports to the functionality the Hurd needs, that is, it is not meant to
+provide an interface independently of the underlying [[microkernel]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f0e7992f170aa03e5f4e2b364071d1308bbc0574 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://www.rowanthorpe.com/" <http://www.rowanthorpe.com/@web>
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2010 02:07:35 +0000
Subject: scattered small typo/grammar fixes

---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 74c1ac8b..6dca1b24 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ Basically all package management schemes follow similar approach, it will have a
 
 There can be both aproaches
 
-   * Re-implement rpm, dpkg... to recognise stow as backend instead of its own  data store. In that case we will have to re implement, apt-rpm, yum ... 
-   * Implement a translator which reads stow and show it as an rpm data store  for yum, deb data store for apt-get ...
+   * Re-implement rpm, dpkg... to recognise stow as backend instead of its own data store. In that case we will have to re-implement, apt-rpm, yum ... 
+   * Implement a translator which reads stow and show it as an rpm data store for yum, deb data store for apt-get ...
 
-One goal is obviously choice of packaging and hence availability of more  packages. Also this gives maintainers a chioce to continue builing packages  for GNU in the format they are already familiar with. The second goal is to  demonstrate the flexibility GNU offers in implementing functionality in filesystems (open/read/write interface).
+One goal is obviously choice of packaging and hence availability of more packages. Also this gives maintainers a choice to continue building packages for GNU in the format they are already familiar with. The second goal is to demonstrate the flexibility GNU offers in implementing functionality in filesystems (open/read/write interface).
 
 ## Why?
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ With the increased flexibility in implementing filesystems as per the requiremen
 
 ## How?
 
-   * Installtion of a package is just drag the pacakage (be it a tgz, rpm, deb or an exe) and drop it to the package manager.
+   * Installation of a package is just drag the package (be it a tgz, rpm, deb or an exe) and drop it to the package manager.
 
       * apt-cache search vim --> ls -al /packages/meta/ |grep vim
       * apt-get install vim --> install vim 
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ just writing the new translator.
 
 ## Initial idea 
 
-A bit complex than the earlier scheme but it is more exciting and we can look at this schem seriously once we have the simple scheme working.
+A bit more complex than the earlier scheme but it is more exciting and we can look at this scheme seriously once we have the simple scheme working.
 
 All packages are installed at
 `/packages/binary/<packagename>/<packageversion>`.
 
-For eaxmple  vim 6.4 version can be installed from source like
+For example vim 6.4 version can be installed from source like
 
     # cd vim64
     # ./configure --prefix=/packages/binary/vim/6.4
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Now if you have another vim version, say 7.0  then just follow the steps
     # make
     # make install
 
-You have 2 versions of vim and how can you sepcify which one is the current version? You can symlink the current version to select the version you would like to see as default
+You have 2 versions of vim and how can you specify which one is the current version? You can symlink the current version to select the version you would like to see as default
 
     # ln -s /packages/binary/vim/7.0 /packages/vim/current
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f2b1e8ceca8dd514530278d53ecb72b495c42ceb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://www.rowanthorpe.com/" <http://www.rowanthorpe.com/@web>
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2010 02:13:59 +0000
Subject: typo-fix ("interesting" has very different meaning)

---
 hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
index 6dca1b24..e58a2058 100644
--- a/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/gnu/universal_package_manager.mdwn
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ v. Add your name below and give a shout in the list.
 
 Add your comments here
 
-## Interesting?
+## Interested?
 
 To join the project just list your name below.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0baef66ae92136e0ba8d3bb75cf5c41483805391 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2010 23:18:45 +0200
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: Update.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 155 ++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 56 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index c5dddfb6..75633d44 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -21,10 +21,14 @@ Find it in the [[source repositories/incubator]], *cross-gnu* branch.
 
 Read through it.  Understand it.  Only then use it by following the next steps.
 
-/!\ Be made aware that -- while it is of course possible to build a working
-cross-compiler -- this is not trivial to do.  You'll have to patch source
-packages.  See the following list about needed patches, which have not yet been
-installed in the upstream repositories.
+
+## Status
+
+/!\ Please note that these cross toolchains does not yet encompass all of the
+functionality that native toolchains provide.  For example, there is only
+support for C so far, but not for C++ and other languages.  A bunch of fixes /
+enhancements of [[glibc]] are missing.  We're working towards minimizing these
+differences, as well as towards pushing all patches upstream.
 
 
 ### Supported Versions of Source Packages
@@ -34,138 +38,95 @@ guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
 
   * `src/binutils`: [[GNU_Binutils|binutils]]
 
-      * CVS `binutils-2_19-branch`
-
-            $ mkdir binutils-2_19-branch
-            $ cd binutils-2_19-branch
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
-              co -r binutils-2_19-branch binutils
-
-        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_19-branch/src/`.  Also use these
-        commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
-
-      * The 2.19 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
-        also be fine.
-
-      * CVS `binutils-2_18-branch`
+      * CVS `binutils-2_20-branch`
 
-            $ mkdir binutils-2_18-branch
-            $ cd binutils-2_18-branch
+            $ mkdir binutils-2_20-branch
+            $ cd binutils-2_20-branch/
             $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
-              co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils
+                co -r binutils-2_20-branch binutils
 
-        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_18-branch/src/`.  Also use these
+        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_20-branch/src/`.  Also use the above
         commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
 
-      * The 2.18 release tarball from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/> should
-        also be fine, as should be all other recent releases.
+      * Release of the 2.20 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/>
+        should also be fine.
 
   * `src/gcc`: [[GNU_Compiler_Collection|gcc]]
 
-      * SVN `gcc-4_1-branch`
+      * SVN `gcc-4_5-branch`
 
-            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_5-branch
 
-        Prepare:
-
-            $ ( cd gcc-4_1-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
-
-      * Releases of the 4.1 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> should
-        also be fine.
-
-      * SVN `gcc-4_2-branch`
+        Patches:
 
-            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_2-branch
-
-          * Patches:
-            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
+          * <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2010-04/msg00602.html>
 
         Prepare:
 
-            $ ( cd gcc-4_2-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_5-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-      * Releases of the 4.2 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> should
-        also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the `gcc-4_2-branch`
-        needs.
+      * SVN `gcc-4_4-branch`
 
-      * SVN `gcc-4_3-branch`
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_4-branch
 
-            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_3-branch
+        Patches:
 
-          * Patches:
-            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00034.html>
+          * <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2010-04/msg00602.html>
 
         Prepare:
 
-            $ ( cd gcc-4_3-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
-
-      * Releases of the 4.3 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> should
-        also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the `gcc-4_3-branch`
-        needs.
-
-      * SVN `trunk` -- upcoming 4.4 series
-
-            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/trunk
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_4-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
 
-        Prepare:
-
-            $ ( cd trunk/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+      * Releases of the 4.5 and 4.4 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
+        `gcc-4_5-branch` needs.
 
   * `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
 
-      * CVS `gnumach-1-branch`
+      * Git `master` branch
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd ↩
-              co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach
-            $ mv gnumach gnumach-1-branch
+            $ git clone ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git gnumach
 
         Prepare:
 
-            $ ( cd gnumach-1-branch/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+            $ ( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vi )
 
   * `src/mig`: [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]
 
-      * CVS `HEAD`
+      * Git `master` branch
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig
+            $ git clone ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/mig.git mig
 
         Prepare:
 
-            $ ( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
+            $ ( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vi )
 
   * `src/hurd`: [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]]
 
-      * CVS `HEAD`
-
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
+      * Git `master` branch
 
-  * `src/glibc`: [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]]
-
-      * CVS `glibc-2_7-branch`
+            $ git clone ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/hurd.git hurd
 
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc ↩
-              co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc
-            $ mv libc glibc-2_7-branch
+  * `src/libpthread`: [[libpthread]]
 
-          * Patches:
-            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00030.html>
+      * Git `tschwinge/Peter_Herbolzheimer` branch
 
-      * Recent releases of the 2.7 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/>
-        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
-        `glibc-2_7-branch` needs.
+            $ git clone --no-checkout ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/libpthread.git libpthread
+            $ cd libpthread/
+            $ git checkout origin/tschwinge/Peter_Herbolzheimer
 
-<!--
-
-      * CVS `HEAD`
-
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc ↩
-              co glibc
-            $ mv libc glibc-HEAD
+  * `src/glibc`: [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]]
 
-          * TODO.
-            <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2007-11/msg00026.html>
+      * Git `tschwinge/Roger_Whittaker` branch
 
--->
+            $ git clone --no-checkout ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/glibc.git glibc
+            $ cd glibc/
+            $ git checkout origin/tschwinge/Roger_Whittaker
 
 <!--
 
@@ -206,7 +167,7 @@ the following.
 The system you're running the script on (the *build* system) needs to have a
 basic compiling environment installed, i.e., a C compiler with the basic
 libraries and `make`.  You might also need `flex` and `bison`.  For building
-recent version of GCC (e.g., the upcoming 4.3, which is not yet supported)
+recent version of GCC (4.3 onwards)
 you'll need to have development packages of GMP and MPFR installed.
 
 
@@ -252,12 +213,8 @@ an Internet connection and atleast 1.5 GiB of hard-disk space.  Just run...
 You can re-run `cross-gnu` to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
 changed since the last run.  This will save a lot of time compared to starting
 from scratch again.  Also, it is especially useful if you aren't working with
-unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's branches or want to quickly get a new tool
-chain with patches you applied to the source trees.  However: do *not* use this
+unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's / SVN's / Git's branches or want to quickly get
+a new toolchain
+with patches you applied to the source trees.  However: do *not* use this
 technique when doing major changes to the source trees, like switching from GCC
-4.0 to GCC 4.1.
-
-
-# References
-
-* <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2004-09/msg00030.html>
+4.4 to GCC 4.5.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 376c893e82a6925656150a7443e7d153919851a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2010 23:25:35 +0200
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile: Remove.

This is not at all up-to-date anymore.
---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn     |  12 ---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile | 168 ---------------------------------
 2 files changed, 180 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 75633d44..8f08817a 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -196,18 +196,6 @@ flow by.  In the end you should see a message: *[...]/cross-gnu: Everything
 should be in place now.*
 
 
-### Makefile
-
-A [[Makefile]] has been written to automate the above steps.  You will require
-an Internet connection and atleast 1.5 GiB of hard-disk space.  Just run...
-
-    make
-
-... to build the toolchain.  To clean up, use...
-
-    make clean
-
-
 ### Staying Up-To-Date
 
 You can re-run `cross-gnu` to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a6a9524..00000000
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-# "HurdToolchainMakefile" - a Makefile for setting up Hurd toolchain builds
-
-# Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
-# Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
-# version.
-# 
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
-# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
-# for more details.
-# 
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
-# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-
-# Written by Shakthi Kannan <shakthi.kannan@qvantel.com>.
-
-
-## Variables
-TOPDIR=.
-DOWNLOADS=${TOPDIR}/downloads
-ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root
-SRC=${ROOT}/src
-GLIBC_DIR=${SRC}/glibc
-PATCH0_DIR=patch0
-PATCH1_DIR=patch1
-
-## Patches
-PATCH1 = 0003-2007-09-13-H.J.-Lu-hongjiu.lu-intel.com.patch \
-	0005-Hurd-specific-kernel-features.h.patch \
-	0007-2007-10-05-version-of-stat.patch.patch \
-	0008-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-atomic-no-mu.patch \
-	0010-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-gscope.diff.patch \
-	0012-r2425-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-no-strerror_.patch \
-	0013-r2626-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls-support.patch \
-	0014-r2591-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-local-tls.diff.patch \
-	0015-r2630-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-libc_onc.patch \
-	0016-Include-stdint.h.patch \
-	0017-r2598-of-debian-patches-any-local-stdio-lock.diff.patch \
-	0018-r2650-of-debian-patches-hurd-i386-submitted-strtoul.patch \
-	0019-2007-11-12-Aurelien-Jarno-aurelien-aurel32.net-Tho.patch \
-	0020-r2656-of-debian-patches-any-submitted-sched_h.diff.patch \
-	0022-2007-11-18-Roland-McGrath-roland-frob.com.patch
-
-PATCH0 = 0009-2007-07-22-version-of-init-first.c_vs._GCC_4.1.patch.patch \
-	0011-2007-02-08-version-of-resolv_res_send.c.patch.patch
-
-all: create_dir get_sources apply_glibc_patches build_all
-
-## Create directories
-create_dir:
-	cd ${TOPDIR}
-	mkdir ${DOWNLOADS}
-	mkdir -p ${SRC}
-
-get_sources: get_cross_gnu get_binutils get_gcc get_gnumach get_mig get_hurd get_glibc
-
-get_cross_gnu:
-	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _ "
-	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |"
-	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |"
-	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|"
-	@ echo "                              |___/             "
-	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
-	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu
-	@ echo "  ___ _ __ ___  ___ ___        __ _ _ __  _   _        ___ _ ____   __" 
-	@ echo " / __| '__/ _ \/ __/ __|_____ / _\` | '_ \| | | |_____ / _ \ '_ \ \ / /"
-	@ echo "| (__| | | (_) \__ \__ \_____| (_| | | | | |_| |_____|  __/ | | \ V / " 
-	@ echo " \___|_|  \___/|___/___/      \__, |_| |_|\__,_|      \___|_| |_|\_/  " 
-	@ echo "                              |___/                                   " 
-	cd ${DOWNLOADS}; \
-	wget http://nic-nac-project.de/~schwinge/tmp/cross-gnu-env; \
-	chmod +x cross-gnu; \
-	chmod +x cross-gnu-env
-
-get_binutils:
-	@ echo " _     _             _   _ _     "
-	@ echo "| |__ (_)_ __  _   _| |_(_) |___ "
-	@ echo "| '_ \| | '_ \| | | | __| | / __|"
-	@ echo "| |_) | | | | | |_| | |_| | \__ \\"
-	@ echo "|_.__/|_|_| |_|\__,_|\__|_|_|___/"
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src co -r binutils-2_18-branch binutils; \
-	mv src binutils
-
-get_gcc:
-	@ echo "  __ _  ___ ___ "
-	@ echo " / _\` |/ __/ __|"
-	@ echo "| (_| | (_| (__ "
-	@ echo " \__, |\___\___|"
-	@ echo " |___/          "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_1-branch; \
-	mv gcc-4_1-branch gcc; \
-	( cd gcc/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
-
-get_gnumach:
-	@ echo "                                        _     "
-	@ echo "  __ _ _ __  _   _ _ __ ___   __ _  ___| |__  "
-	@ echo " / _\` | '_ \| | | | '_ \` _ \ / _\` |/ __| '_ \ "
-	@ echo "| (_| | | | | |_| | | | | | | (_| | (__| | | |"
-	@ echo " \__, |_| |_|\__,_|_| |_| |_|\__,_|\___|_| |_|"
-	@ echo " |___/                                        "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co -r gnumach-1-branch gnumach; \
-	( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vfi )
-
-get_mig:
-	@ echo "           _       "
-	@ echo " _ __ ___ (_) __ _ "
-	@ echo "| '_ \` _ \| |/ _\` |"
-	@ echo "| | | | | | | (_| |"
-	@ echo "|_| |_| |_|_|\__, |"
-	@ echo "             |___/ "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co mig; \
-	( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vfi )
-
-get_hurd:
-	@ echo " _                   _ "
-	@ echo "| |__  _   _ _ __ __| |"
-	@ echo "| '_ \| | | | '__/ _\` |"
-	@ echo "| | | | |_| | | | (_| |"
-	@ echo "|_| |_|\__,_|_|  \__,_|"
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@cvs.gnu.org:/cvsroot/hurd co hurd
-
-get_glibc:
-	@ echo "       _ _ _          "
-	@ echo "  __ _| (_) |__   ___ "
-	@ echo " / _\` | | | '_ \ / __|"
-	@ echo "| (_| | | | |_) | (__ "
-	@ echo " \__, |_|_|_.__/ \___|"
-	@ echo " |___/                "
-	cd ${SRC}; \
-	cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/glibc co -r glibc-2_7-branch glibc; \
-	mv libc glibc
-	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR}
-	mkdir ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR}
-
-get_patch0: $(PATCH0)
-
-get_patch1: $(PATCH1)
-
-$(PATCH1):
-	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH1_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@ 
-	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
-	patch -p1 < ${PATCH1_DIR}/$@
-
-$(PATCH0): 
-	wget -r -np -nd -P ${GLIBC_DIR}/${PATCH0_DIR} http://www.schwinge.homeip.net/~thomas/tmp/glibc-patches/$@
-	cd ${GLIBC_DIR}; \
-	patch -p0 < ${PATCH0_DIR}/$@
-
-apply_glibc_patches: get_patch0 get_patch1
-
-build_all:
-	ROOT=${TOPDIR}/root ; \
-	export PATH="$(PATH):$(DOWNLOADS)" ; \
-	echo $$PATH ; \
-	. ${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu-env ; \
-	${DOWNLOADS}/cross-gnu
-
-clean:
-	rm -rf downloads root *~
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 03501d57c9b91735de313c834a0d4fb23e48928e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 14 Apr 2010 09:02:07 +0200
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: C++.

open_issues/gcc/c++: Fix pending.
---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn |  2 +-
 open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn           | 41 --------------------------------------
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 42 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 8f08817a..d5beade9 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Read through it.  Understand it.  Only then use it by following the next steps.
 
 /!\ Please note that these cross toolchains does not yet encompass all of the
 functionality that native toolchains provide.  For example, there is only
-support for C so far, but not for C++ and other languages.  A bunch of fixes /
+support for C and C++ so far, but not for other languages.  A bunch of fixes /
 enhancements of [[glibc]] are missing.  We're working towards minimizing these
 differences, as well as towards pushing all patches upstream.
 
diff --git a/open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn b/open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index cab4c1f1..00000000
--- a/open_issues/gcc/c++.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!tag open_issue_porting open_issue_gcc fixed_in_debian]]
-
-Modify the [[hurd/building/cross-compiling]] shell script to configure GCC for
-building GCC with C++ support when building its second (i.e., final) version.
-
-Compiling a most-trivial C++ program used to work with GCC 4.2 and 4.3 (and the
-resulting binaries would also work), but linking fails with GCC SVN trunk:
-
-    $ $TARGET-g++ -Wall a.cc -lpthread
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__multf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fixunstfsi'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__subtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__divtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__copysigntf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__addtf3'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__lttf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatsitf'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__netf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__floatunsitf'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__eqtf2'
-    /home/thomas/tmp/gnu-0/lib/gcc/i586-pc-gnu/4.4.0/../../../../i586-pc-gnu/lib/libgcc_s.so: undefined reference to `__fabstf2'
-    collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-
-Whether this defect report also applies to a natively-build GCC from SVN trunk
-has not yet been checked.
-
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] suspects the problem to be a configuration issue
-of a GCC helper library, whose configuration setup has changed after GCC 4.3.
-
-The need for `-lpthread` is another story.  See the Debian glibc patches
-repository for details.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0eb2429e4084bfe1ce13eb73feff1f18df8f4614 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2010 23:49:10 +0200
Subject: update the old stuff so people don't bump into it

---
 hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
index 6968a894..df2058c0 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/old-stuff.mdwn
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing lists]]
   * Yes and no. GNU refers to the system as a whole, while GNU/Hurd is more specific, saying that it is the GNU system running on the Hurd -- to differentiate it from the GNU system running on Linux, GNU/Linux. Also see [[GNU/GnuNames]]
 
 * **_What editor can I use?_**
-  * `nano` is the default editor on a fresh install, not `ae`.
+  * `nano` is the default editor on a fresh install, not `ae`, but a lot of editors are available.
 
 * **_Why can't I get the answers I need from Hurd hackers?_**
   * This [document](http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html) may help you understand some developers attitudes and social norms.
@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ If you still have problems, do not hesitate to make use of the [[mailing lists]]
   * These are different versions of the Mach microkernel that supports the Hurd that runs on top of it. For more info, see [[Mach]]
 
 * **_What software is available for GNU?_**
-  * Most packages from [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) [GNU/Linux](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) which aren't linux-specific ([Packages That Won't Be Ported](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)) are expected to work on GNU/Hurd too. See the database in <http://packages.debian.org/>. Programs which need pthreads, including [GNOME](http://www.gnome.org), [KDE](http://www.kde.org), [Mozilla](http://www.mozilla.org), [OpenOffice](http://www.openoffice.org), [SDL](http://www.libsdl.org), etc. are being worked on currently using Neal Walfields libpthreads. See the [[porting/guidelines]] document for some common build problems and their solutions.
+  * Most (2/3) packages from [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) [GNU/Linux](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) which aren't linux-specific ([Packages That Won't Be Ported](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-devel-debian)) are expected to work on GNU/Hurd too. See the database in <http://packages.debian.org/>. Notably, [GNOME](http://www.gnome.org), and [KDE](http://www.kde.org) work. See the [[porting/guidelines]] document for some common build problems and their solutions.
   * If you can't fetch a package with "apt-get install ", try building it from source: "apt-get source  &amp;&amp; cd &lt;package\_dir&gt; &amp;&amp; debian/rules binary".
-  * As of January 2007, 50% of Debian packages have been ported on the Hurd. Of course, bug testing is welcome.
+  * As of April 2010, 65% of Debian packages have been ported on the Hurd. Of course, bug testing is welcome.
 
 * **_How do I initialize a serial console on the Hurd?_**
   * You can try out the Serial Howto at <http://www.nongnu.org/thug/serial-howto.txt>
   * For a real serial console at boot time you need to rebuild your GNUmach 1.x kernel. For more info see the Utah release notes at [http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html#serial\_console](http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/mach4-i386/html/mach4-UK22.html#serial_console)
 
 * **_Will GNU work in Vmware?_**
-  * It's highly recommended and easier to get a full image for Bochs. See [[Distrib]]
+  * It's highly recommended and easier to get a full image for qemu. See [[Distrib]]
   * It didn't use to, [Hurd bootstrap fails](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2002/debian-hurd-200207/msg00069.html). Vmware is not [free software](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) and it is [[Distrib/VmWare]]. We recommend to use [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) alternatives, like [[Distrib/BochsEmulator]].
   * A faster, more widespread and [free](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) recent alternative is [QEMU][[running/QEMU]]. You can find more informations on [[running/QEMU]].
   * If someone prefers using VMWare:
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ee6b045cd9fd5f2f82e599ba7679fb95fd55ec4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: whizdickson001 <whizdickson001@web>
Date: Fri, 30 Apr 2010 08:51:26 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn b/hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63cc6343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
+line.
+
+By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
+the Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>.  The Free Software
+Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our
+criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant
+you back all your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify,
+and redistribute your contributions.
+
+We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
+include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
+Reference Manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are
+questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ecb1dcf2f75e8bcd8387a9796be3e0324a76a0da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sun, 2 May 2010 11:50:28 +0200
Subject: hurd/running/whydebian: Remove empty page.

---
 hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn | 24 ------------------------
 1 file changed, 24 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn b/hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 63cc6343..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/whydebian.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-HERE STARTS YOUR NEW CONTENT -- remove everything from here on, including this
-line.
-
-By creating this page, you agree to assign copyright for your contribution to
-the Free Software Foundation, <http://www.fsf.org/>.  The Free Software
-Foundation promises to always use a free documentation license (as per our
-criteria of free documentation) when publishing your contribution.  We grant
-you back all your rights under copyright, including the rights to copy, modify,
-and redistribute your contributions.
-
-We're requiring these copyright assignments, so that we'll easily be able to
-include your contributions in official GNU documentation, such as the GNU Hurd
-Reference Manual, etc.  Send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org> if there are
-questions.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6c0997d91d395ad08ddaafaf13f0a0a5890f4948 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Jun 2010 00:10:54 +0200
Subject: update Debian %

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index b0fe1460..32789619 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ so little would be gained by creating an official pure Hurd release.
 
 The Debian GNU/Hurd [[distribution|running/debian]] offers *LiveCDs and QEMU images*
 to test-drive the Hurd in a real life system with access to about 
-50% of the Debian software archive. 
+65% of the Debian software archive. 
 
 The most recent version of the Debian port at the time of writing 
 is *Debian GNU/Hurd L1*.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 424bec71b3adfa77d9874dd60b3d3f995a4ae1df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 8 Jun 2010 10:32:44 +0000
Subject: Prepare for changes in ikiwiki's tag infrastructure.

---
 .templates/autotag.tmpl                  | 15 ++++++++++++
 config_edittemplate/open_issue_page.mdwn |  7 +-----
 hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn         |  9 ++++----
 open_issues.mdwn                         | 13 ++++-------
 tag.mdwn                                 | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tag/fixed_in_debian.mdwn                 | 23 -------------------
 tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn                  | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn                  | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_glibc.mdwn                | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn              | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn                 | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_mach.mdwn                 | 13 -----------
 tag/open_issue_mig.mdwn                  | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn              | 26 ---------------------
 tag/open_issue_pthread.mdwn              | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_viengoos.mdwn             | 19 ----------------
 tag/open_issue_xen.mdwn                  | 19 ----------------
 tag/stable_URL.mdwn                      | 17 --------------
 18 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 270 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .templates/autotag.tmpl
 create mode 100644 tag.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/fixed_in_debian.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_glibc.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_mach.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_mig.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_pthread.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_viengoos.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/open_issue_xen.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 tag/stable_URL.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/.templates/autotag.tmpl b/.templates/autotag.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87b76eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.templates/autotag.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="<TMPL_VAR TAG>"]]
+
+[[!map
+pages="tagged(<TMPL_VAR TAG>)"
+show=title]]
diff --git a/config_edittemplate/open_issue_page.mdwn b/config_edittemplate/open_issue_page.mdwn
index 6afc24b4..78533450 100644
--- a/config_edittemplate/open_issue_page.mdwn
+++ b/config_edittemplate/open_issue_page.mdwn
@@ -30,9 +30,4 @@ open_issue_mig]], etc.; remove the backslash, of course) to make sure that your
 report shows up on the relevant lists of open issues.  Select *Preview* on this
 page to see all tags that are currently in active use.
 
-[[!map pages="tag/* and !tag/*/* and !tag/open_issue_mach"
-show=title]]
-
-Most of them should be self-explanatory.  *fixed_in_debian* is used to tag
-items that have been fixed in the Debian GNU/Hurd distribution, but not yet in
-the upstream sources.
+[[!inline pages=tag raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
index 643db0a5..0eb15465 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/porting.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ guidelines.
 
 There is also further information available about [[hurd/porting]].
 
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and
-!open_issues and !*/discussion"
+[[!map
+pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !*/discussion"
 show=title]]
 
 [[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and
-!*/discussion"
+pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !*/discussion"
 show=0
 feeds=no
 actions=yes
diff --git a/open_issues.mdwn b/open_issues.mdwn
index 8e6741c1..9f9289e2 100644
--- a/open_issues.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -19,13 +19,8 @@ feeds=no
 actions=yes
 rootpage="open_issues" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
 
-[[!map pages="(./open_issues/* or */open_issues/* or
-hurd/running/debian/porting/* or tagged(open_issue*)) and !tag/* and
-!*/discussion"
+[[!map
+pages="(./open_issues/* or */open_issues/* or hurd/running/debian/porting/* or tagged(open_issue*)) and !*/discussion"
 show=title]]
 
-The following [[!iki ikiwiki/directive/tag desc=tags]] are actively used at the
-moment:
-
-[[!map pages="tag/* and !tag/*/* and !tag/open_issue_mach"
-show=title]]
+[[!inline pages=tag raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag.mdwn b/tag.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d441b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tag.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The following [[!iki ikiwiki/directive/tag desc=tags]] are actively used at the
+moment:
+
+[[!map
+pages="tag/* and !tag/*/*"
+show=title]]
+
+Most of them should be self-explanatory.
+
+  * *fixed_in_debian*
+
+    This tag is used to tag items that have been fixed in the [[Debian
+    GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] distribution, but not yet in the upstream
+    sources.
+
+  * *open_issue_porting*
+
+    A list of open issues in porting software to run on GNU/Hurd systems.  This
+    list also includes [[hurd/toolchain]]-level items, items that are either
+    already solved in [[Debian GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] systems (tagged
+    *fixed_in_debian*) or being worked around, so if you're out for working on
+    application-level porting issues, then perusing through the list of
+    [[Debian packages that need porting|hurd/running/debian/porting]] may be
+    better.
+
+  * *stable_URL*
+
+    These pages are tagged as having a *stable URL*.  That is, they're linked
+    to on external pages, and should not be changed just for the sake of it.
diff --git a/tag/fixed_in_debian.mdwn b/tag/fixed_in_debian.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index e36e6b84..00000000
--- a/tag/fixed_in_debian.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=fixed_in_debian]]
-
-This tag is used to tag items that have been fixed in the [[Debian
-GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] distribution, but not yet in the upstream
-sources.
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(fixed_in_debian) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index a06a9d70..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_gcc.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_gcc]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_gcc) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_gcc) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 937aafc2..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_gdb.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_gdb]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_gdb) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_gdb) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_glibc.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_glibc.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index e4d22881..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_glibc.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_glibc]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_glibc) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_glibc) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a46840d..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_gnumach.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_gnumach]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_*mach) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_*mach) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e3c7206..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_hurd.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_hurd]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_hurd) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_hurd) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_mach.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_mach.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b31bea8..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_mach.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_mach]]
-
-[[!meta redir=open_issue_gnumach]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_mig.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_mig.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ac476cc..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_mig.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_mig]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_mig) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_mig) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index f89badcb..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_porting.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_porting]]
-
-Here is a list of open issues in porting software to run on GNU/Hurd systems.
-This list also includes [[hurd/toolchain]]-level items, items that are either
-already solved in [[Debian GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] systems (tagged
-*fixed_in_debian*) or being worked around, so if you're out for working on
-application-level porting issues, then perusing through the list of [[Debian
-packages that need porting|hurd/running/debian/porting]] may be better.
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_porting) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_pthread.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_pthread.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index c42ca453..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_pthread.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_pthread]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_pthread) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_pthread) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_viengoos.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_viengoos.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d9662803..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_viengoos.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_viengoos]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_viengoos) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_viengoos) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/open_issue_xen.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_xen.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ce9301c..00000000
--- a/tag/open_issue_xen.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title=open_issue_xen]]
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(open_issue_xen) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=title]]
-
-[[!inline
-pages="tagged(open_issue_xen) and !open_issues and !*/discussion"
-show=0
-feeds=no]]
diff --git a/tag/stable_URL.mdwn b/tag/stable_URL.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index af17a58a..00000000
--- a/tag/stable_URL.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="stable_URL"]]
-
-These pages are tagged as having a *stable URL*.  That is, they're linked to on
-external pages, and should not be changed just for the sake of it.
-
-[[!map pages="tagged(stable_URL)"
-show=title]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1208970f77d6f2886e8f6bb14a6445ee74da804a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2010 12:37:50 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index 32789619..e1741adc 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -106,3 +106,9 @@ possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 > 
 > [But] unlike a few years back [...] the system is stable enough under
 > load nowadays [...].
+
+## DDE network card drivers
+
+### Jakub Daniel
+
+[[guide|running/dde_guide]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f15322bd747da6983e31b5de9fcf5b49cfb2ae49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2010 12:47:01 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/status.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index e1741adc..e8282091 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -109,6 +109,6 @@ possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 
 ## DDE network card drivers
 
-### Jakub Daniel
+### Jakub Daniel, 2010-06-09
 
 [[guide|running/dde_guide]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eb02cdb3f877d0bb5778d8713319e8afa15dc7d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2010 12:53:55 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn | 126 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 126 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab192606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+I am in hurry right now, so just like this.
+
+install hurd to partition
+get grub image
+boot hurd in single user (change grub entry accordingly to the installed partition)
+
+> $ export TERM=mach
+> $ ./native-install
+
+reboot to other debian
+
+suppose hurd partition is hdd1
+
+as root
+
+> $ mount /dev/hdd1 /mnt -t ext2
+> $ cd /mnt/etc/apt
+> $ echo "deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
+> $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
+> $ echo "deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
+> $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
+> $ wget http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline/apt.conf.offline
+> $ cd /mnt
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline update
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline upgrade
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install git-core
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline build-dep hurd gnumach
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
+> $ cd /mnt/home
+> $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git -b dde hurd_dde
+> $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git -b master-user_level_drivers gnumach_dde
+
+suppose you need forcedeth driver
+
+Download http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6.29.y.git;a=blob_plain;f=drivers/net/forcedeth.c;hb=HEAD from mozilla like
+browser to /mnt/home as forcedeth.c
+Download http://pastebin.com/RJAJT2MR the same way and rename it to 0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
+
+reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
+
+login as root
+
+> $ passwd
+
+change your password
+
+> $ nano /etc/default/hurd-console
+
+change ENABLE='false' to ENABLE='true', uncomment KBD_REPEAT, MOUSE, MOUSE_REPEAT, SPEAKER
+
+> $ nano /etc/hostname
+
+change the hostname for example to hurd
+
+> $ nano /etc/hosts
+
+change the 127.0.0.1 line to: 127.0.0.1	hurd	localhost
+
+> $ apt-get update
+> $ apt-get upgrade
+> $ apt-get install git-core
+> $ apt-get build-dep hurd gnumach
+> $ apt-get install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
+
+> $ cd /home/gnumach_dde
+> $ autoreconf -i && ./configure --enable-kdb --enable-device-drivers=none --enable-lpr --enable-floppy --enable-ide
+> $ make
+
+> $ cd ../hurd_dde
+> $ git am ../0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
+> $ cp -r dde_pcnet32 dde_forcedeth
+> $ cd dde_forcedeth
+> $ rm pcnet32.c
+> $ cp /home/forcedeth.c ./
+> $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' Makefile
+> $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' .gitignore
+> $ sed -i 's:-lhurd-slab:../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a:' Makefile
+> $ sed -i 's:-I/include:-I..:' Makefile
+> $ nano forcedeth.c
+
+add these 2 lines after the last #include
+#include <ddekit/timer.h>
+void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
+
+> $ cd ..
+> $ git add dde_forcedeth
+> $ git commit -a -m 'Add forcedeth driver'
+> $ autoreconf -i && ./configure
+> $ mkdir -p hurd/include/ddekit
+> $ make libddekit libmachdev devnode pfinet
+> $ cd libdde_linux26
+> $ make
+> $ cd ../dde_forcedeth
+> $ make
+
+If the make fails it might be necassary to replace some of the -l options (or all) in Makefile with the real path to the library objects (example: change *-lhurd-slab* to *../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a*)
+
+> $ cp /home/gnumach_dde/gnumach /boot/gnumach_dde
+> $ mkdir /hurd/dde
+> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/devnode/devnode /hurd/dde
+> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/pfinet/pfinet /hurd/dde
+> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/dde_forcedeth/dde_forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
+
+reboot to hurd with the new gnumach_dde
+
+> $ settrans -c /dev/forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
+> $ settrans -c /dev/eth0 /hurd/dde/devnode -M /dev/forcedeth eth0
+> $ settrans -c /servers/socket/2 /hurd/dde/pfinet -i /dev/eth0 -a 192.168.1.194 -g 192.168.1.254 -m 255.255.255.0 
+
+replace the ip, gateway and mask with your own ones
+
+> $ nano /etc/resolv.conf
+
+add line: nameserver 192.168.1.254
+
+DONE
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ad9a35718d8a50555b93cf682b8c57b7e43f60a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2010 13:00:35 +0000
Subject: forgot new lines

---
 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
index ab192606..08f82c99 100644
--- a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ get grub image
 boot hurd in single user (change grub entry accordingly to the installed partition)
 
 > $ export TERM=mach
+
 > $ ./native-install
 
 reboot to other debian
@@ -24,26 +25,43 @@ suppose hurd partition is hdd1
 as root
 
 > $ mount /dev/hdd1 /mnt -t ext2
+
 > $ cd /mnt/etc/apt
+
 > $ echo "deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
+
 > $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
+
 > $ echo "deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
+
 > $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
+
 > $ wget http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline/apt.conf.offline
+
 > $ cd /mnt
+
 > $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline update
+
 > $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline upgrade
+
 > $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install git-core
+
 > $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline build-dep hurd gnumach
+
 > $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
+
 > $ cd /mnt/home
+
 > $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git -b dde hurd_dde
+
 > $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git -b master-user_level_drivers gnumach_dde
 
+
 suppose you need forcedeth driver
 
 Download http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6.29.y.git;a=blob_plain;f=drivers/net/forcedeth.c;hb=HEAD from mozilla like
 browser to /mnt/home as forcedeth.c
+
 Download http://pastebin.com/RJAJT2MR the same way and rename it to 0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
 
 reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
@@ -67,56 +85,91 @@ change the hostname for example to hurd
 change the 127.0.0.1 line to: 127.0.0.1	hurd	localhost
 
 > $ apt-get update
+
 > $ apt-get upgrade
+
 > $ apt-get install git-core
+
 > $ apt-get build-dep hurd gnumach
+
 > $ apt-get install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
 
+
 > $ cd /home/gnumach_dde
+
 > $ autoreconf -i && ./configure --enable-kdb --enable-device-drivers=none --enable-lpr --enable-floppy --enable-ide
+
 > $ make
 
 > $ cd ../hurd_dde
+
 > $ git am ../0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
+
 > $ cp -r dde_pcnet32 dde_forcedeth
+
 > $ cd dde_forcedeth
+
 > $ rm pcnet32.c
+
 > $ cp /home/forcedeth.c ./
+
 > $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' Makefile
+
 > $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' .gitignore
+
 > $ sed -i 's:-lhurd-slab:../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a:' Makefile
+
 > $ sed -i 's:-I/include:-I..:' Makefile
+
 > $ nano forcedeth.c
 
 add these 2 lines after the last #include
+
 #include <ddekit/timer.h>
+
 void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
 
 > $ cd ..
+
 > $ git add dde_forcedeth
+
 > $ git commit -a -m 'Add forcedeth driver'
+
 > $ autoreconf -i && ./configure
+
 > $ mkdir -p hurd/include/ddekit
+
 > $ make libddekit libmachdev devnode pfinet
+
 > $ cd libdde_linux26
+
 > $ make
+
 > $ cd ../dde_forcedeth
+
 > $ make
 
 If the make fails it might be necassary to replace some of the -l options (or all) in Makefile with the real path to the library objects (example: change *-lhurd-slab* to *../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a*)
 
 > $ cp /home/gnumach_dde/gnumach /boot/gnumach_dde
+
 > $ mkdir /hurd/dde
+
 > $ cp /home/hurd_dde/devnode/devnode /hurd/dde
+
 > $ cp /home/hurd_dde/pfinet/pfinet /hurd/dde
+
 > $ cp /home/hurd_dde/dde_forcedeth/dde_forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
 
 reboot to hurd with the new gnumach_dde
 
 > $ settrans -c /dev/forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
+
 > $ settrans -c /dev/eth0 /hurd/dde/devnode -M /dev/forcedeth eth0
+
 > $ settrans -c /servers/socket/2 /hurd/dde/pfinet -i /dev/eth0 -a 192.168.1.194 -g 192.168.1.254 -m 255.255.255.0 
 
+
 replace the ip, gateway and mask with your own ones
 
 > $ nano /etc/resolv.conf
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 373cbd2c532fbcaad6cde0df8fab29d52b3f952a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://amade.myopenid.com/" <http://amade.myopenid.com/@web>
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2010 13:38:15 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
index 08f82c99..03a09703 100644
--- a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
@@ -125,9 +125,8 @@ change the 127.0.0.1 line to: 127.0.0.1	hurd	localhost
 
 add these 2 lines after the last #include
 
-#include <ddekit/timer.h>
-
-void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
+    #include <ddekit/timer.h>
+    void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
 
 > $ cd ..
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 50241ad8596afd3d7ce88d526cb8e0f30960263c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://amade.myopenid.com/" <http://amade.myopenid.com/@web>
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2010 14:10:32 +0000
Subject: Fix typo & ampersands

---
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index 229e2d8f..92904d19 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 
 <dl>
   <dt>[[SavannahProjects]]</dt>
-  <dd> Savannah is a CVS &amp;amp; Bug system evolved from a free version of the code that powers <a href="http://sf.net" target="_top">sourceforge.net</a>. It has forked and been slightly modified for use by FSF, GNU and non-GNU projects. Actual Development takes place here. There is also a <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?group=hurd" target="_top">help wanted</a> list. </dd>
+  <dd> Savannah is a CVS &amp; Bug system evolved from a free version of the code that powers <a href="http://sf.net" target="_top">sourceforge.net</a>. It has forked and been slightly modified for use by FSF, GNU and non-GNU projects. Actual Development takes place here. There is also a <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?group=hurd" target="_top">help wanted</a> list. </dd>
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ about getting applications to work (if possible).
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
-  <dt> Debain Infrastructure</dt>
-  <dd> Testing is critical in helping the development effort. Bugs (defect reports) can be filed against the Debian software package in which they are found. [[debian/patch_submission]] tells how to file a Debian bug report. [[DebianPackages]] has some information about how Debian splits the software into packages and some references. There is a buildd autobuilder compiling the Debian Sid archive software for the GNU/Hurd port. [[BuilddStatus]] includes information on the buildd &amp;amp; turtle efforts. </dd>
+  <dt> Debian Infrastructure</dt>
+  <dd> Testing is critical in helping the development effort. Bugs (defect reports) can be filed against the Debian software package in which they are found. [[debian/patch_submission]] tells how to file a Debian bug report. [[DebianPackages]] has some information about how Debian splits the software into packages and some references. There is a buildd autobuilder compiling the Debian Sid archive software for the GNU/Hurd port. [[BuilddStatus]] includes information on the buildd &amp; turtle efforts. </dd>
 </dl>
 
 <dl>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8ebca1da3d35aaa9668da87b449c9d7459f8eb56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://amade.myopenid.com/" <http://amade.myopenid.com/@web>
Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2010 08:31:13 +0000
Subject: fix typo

---
 hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
index 1e2f68fb..b62a5e4c 100644
--- a/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/virtual_file_system.mdwn
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ No single entity is responsible for the resolution of
 path names.  A file system server (a [[translator]])
 attaches to translators (`fs.defs:file_set_translator`).
 
-When a process resolves an aboslute path, it queries
+When a process resolves an absolute path, it queries
 its root file system server by invoking the `fs.defs:dir_lookup`
 method in the capability in its root directory slot.  The
 file system server resolves as much as it knows about locally
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7e29e23625bb1d4e1539abfe48b6b3a396625b02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2010 17:29:31 +0000
Subject: deleted completely dde-unrelated steps

---
 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn | 22 +---------------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 21 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
index 03a09703..6518e0e4 100644
--- a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-I am in hurry right now, so just like this.
-
-install hurd to partition
+If you haven't: install hurd to partition
 get grub image
 boot hurd in single user (change grub entry accordingly to the installed partition)
 
@@ -66,24 +64,6 @@ Download http://pastebin.com/RJAJT2MR the same way and rename it to 0001-Fix-up-
 
 reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
 
-login as root
-
-> $ passwd
-
-change your password
-
-> $ nano /etc/default/hurd-console
-
-change ENABLE='false' to ENABLE='true', uncomment KBD_REPEAT, MOUSE, MOUSE_REPEAT, SPEAKER
-
-> $ nano /etc/hostname
-
-change the hostname for example to hurd
-
-> $ nano /etc/hosts
-
-change the 127.0.0.1 line to: 127.0.0.1	hurd	localhost
-
 > $ apt-get update
 
 > $ apt-get upgrade
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fa44f0ef921875e8190db6845c50e7cd257197e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:59:13 +0200
Subject: DDE.

hurd/dde: New.
hurd/running/dde_guide -> hurd/dde/guide.
---
 hurd.mdwn                   |   1 +
 hurd/dde.mdwn               |  22 ++++++
 hurd/dde/guide.mdwn         | 158 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn | 158 --------------------------------------------
 hurd/status.mdwn            |   8 +--
 5 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 165 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/dde.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index e1bb861d..067a15fc 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 * [[running/Distrib]] -- Distributions
 * [[Public_Hurd_Boxen]]
 * [[Neighborhurd]]s and [[Subhurd]]s
+* [[DDE]] -- Device Driver Environment
 
 ## Common Problems
 
diff --git a/hurd/dde.mdwn b/hurd/dde.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dedb7d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/dde.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[community/gsoc/project ideas/driver glue code]]
+
+  * [[open issues/user-space device drivers]]
+
+  * [[open issues/device drivers and io systems]]
+
+---
+
+There is an effort going on to make [[/DDE]] usable in GNU/Hurd
+userspace.
+
+See Zheng Da's [[project page|zhengda]], as well as another [[guide]].
diff --git a/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn b/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6518e0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+If you haven't: install hurd to partition
+get grub image
+boot hurd in single user (change grub entry accordingly to the installed partition)
+
+> $ export TERM=mach
+
+> $ ./native-install
+
+reboot to other debian
+
+suppose hurd partition is hdd1
+
+as root
+
+> $ mount /dev/hdd1 /mnt -t ext2
+
+> $ cd /mnt/etc/apt
+
+> $ echo "deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
+
+> $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
+
+> $ echo "deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
+
+> $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
+
+> $ wget http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline/apt.conf.offline
+
+> $ cd /mnt
+
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline update
+
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline upgrade
+
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install git-core
+
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline build-dep hurd gnumach
+
+> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
+
+> $ cd /mnt/home
+
+> $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git -b dde hurd_dde
+
+> $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git -b master-user_level_drivers gnumach_dde
+
+
+suppose you need forcedeth driver
+
+Download http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6.29.y.git;a=blob_plain;f=drivers/net/forcedeth.c;hb=HEAD from mozilla like
+browser to /mnt/home as forcedeth.c
+
+Download http://pastebin.com/RJAJT2MR the same way and rename it to 0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
+
+reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
+
+> $ apt-get update
+
+> $ apt-get upgrade
+
+> $ apt-get install git-core
+
+> $ apt-get build-dep hurd gnumach
+
+> $ apt-get install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
+
+
+> $ cd /home/gnumach_dde
+
+> $ autoreconf -i && ./configure --enable-kdb --enable-device-drivers=none --enable-lpr --enable-floppy --enable-ide
+
+> $ make
+
+> $ cd ../hurd_dde
+
+> $ git am ../0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
+
+> $ cp -r dde_pcnet32 dde_forcedeth
+
+> $ cd dde_forcedeth
+
+> $ rm pcnet32.c
+
+> $ cp /home/forcedeth.c ./
+
+> $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' Makefile
+
+> $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' .gitignore
+
+> $ sed -i 's:-lhurd-slab:../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a:' Makefile
+
+> $ sed -i 's:-I/include:-I..:' Makefile
+
+> $ nano forcedeth.c
+
+add these 2 lines after the last #include
+
+    #include <ddekit/timer.h>
+    void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
+
+> $ cd ..
+
+> $ git add dde_forcedeth
+
+> $ git commit -a -m 'Add forcedeth driver'
+
+> $ autoreconf -i && ./configure
+
+> $ mkdir -p hurd/include/ddekit
+
+> $ make libddekit libmachdev devnode pfinet
+
+> $ cd libdde_linux26
+
+> $ make
+
+> $ cd ../dde_forcedeth
+
+> $ make
+
+If the make fails it might be necassary to replace some of the -l options (or all) in Makefile with the real path to the library objects (example: change *-lhurd-slab* to *../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a*)
+
+> $ cp /home/gnumach_dde/gnumach /boot/gnumach_dde
+
+> $ mkdir /hurd/dde
+
+> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/devnode/devnode /hurd/dde
+
+> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/pfinet/pfinet /hurd/dde
+
+> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/dde_forcedeth/dde_forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
+
+reboot to hurd with the new gnumach_dde
+
+> $ settrans -c /dev/forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
+
+> $ settrans -c /dev/eth0 /hurd/dde/devnode -M /dev/forcedeth eth0
+
+> $ settrans -c /servers/socket/2 /hurd/dde/pfinet -i /dev/eth0 -a 192.168.1.194 -g 192.168.1.254 -m 255.255.255.0 
+
+
+replace the ip, gateway and mask with your own ones
+
+> $ nano /etc/resolv.conf
+
+add line: nameserver 192.168.1.254
+
+DONE
diff --git a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn b/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 6518e0e4..00000000
--- a/hurd/running/dde_guide.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-If you haven't: install hurd to partition
-get grub image
-boot hurd in single user (change grub entry accordingly to the installed partition)
-
-> $ export TERM=mach
-
-> $ ./native-install
-
-reboot to other debian
-
-suppose hurd partition is hdd1
-
-as root
-
-> $ mount /dev/hdd1 /mnt -t ext2
-
-> $ cd /mnt/etc/apt
-
-> $ echo "deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
-
-> $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unreleased main" >> sources.list
-
-> $ echo "deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
-
-> $ echo "deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian unstable main" >> sources.list
-
-> $ wget http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd/running/debian/DebianAptOffline/apt.conf.offline
-
-> $ cd /mnt
-
-> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline update
-
-> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline upgrade
-
-> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install git-core
-
-> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline build-dep hurd gnumach
-
-> $ apt-get -c etc/apt/apt.conf.offline install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
-
-> $ cd /mnt/home
-
-> $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/incubator.git -b dde hurd_dde
-
-> $ git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git -b master-user_level_drivers gnumach_dde
-
-
-suppose you need forcedeth driver
-
-Download http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6.29.y.git;a=blob_plain;f=drivers/net/forcedeth.c;hb=HEAD from mozilla like
-browser to /mnt/home as forcedeth.c
-
-Download http://pastebin.com/RJAJT2MR the same way and rename it to 0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
-
-reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
-
-> $ apt-get update
-
-> $ apt-get upgrade
-
-> $ apt-get install git-core
-
-> $ apt-get build-dep hurd gnumach
-
-> $ apt-get install build-essential libpciaccess-dev libpcap0.8-dev
-
-
-> $ cd /home/gnumach_dde
-
-> $ autoreconf -i && ./configure --enable-kdb --enable-device-drivers=none --enable-lpr --enable-floppy --enable-ide
-
-> $ make
-
-> $ cd ../hurd_dde
-
-> $ git am ../0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
-
-> $ cp -r dde_pcnet32 dde_forcedeth
-
-> $ cd dde_forcedeth
-
-> $ rm pcnet32.c
-
-> $ cp /home/forcedeth.c ./
-
-> $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' Makefile
-
-> $ sed -i 's/pcnet32/forcedeth/g' .gitignore
-
-> $ sed -i 's:-lhurd-slab:../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a:' Makefile
-
-> $ sed -i 's:-I/include:-I..:' Makefile
-
-> $ nano forcedeth.c
-
-add these 2 lines after the last #include
-
-    #include <ddekit/timer.h>
-    void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
-
-> $ cd ..
-
-> $ git add dde_forcedeth
-
-> $ git commit -a -m 'Add forcedeth driver'
-
-> $ autoreconf -i && ./configure
-
-> $ mkdir -p hurd/include/ddekit
-
-> $ make libddekit libmachdev devnode pfinet
-
-> $ cd libdde_linux26
-
-> $ make
-
-> $ cd ../dde_forcedeth
-
-> $ make
-
-If the make fails it might be necassary to replace some of the -l options (or all) in Makefile with the real path to the library objects (example: change *-lhurd-slab* to *../libhurd-slab/libhurd-slab.a*)
-
-> $ cp /home/gnumach_dde/gnumach /boot/gnumach_dde
-
-> $ mkdir /hurd/dde
-
-> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/devnode/devnode /hurd/dde
-
-> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/pfinet/pfinet /hurd/dde
-
-> $ cp /home/hurd_dde/dde_forcedeth/dde_forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
-
-reboot to hurd with the new gnumach_dde
-
-> $ settrans -c /dev/forcedeth /hurd/dde/forcedeth
-
-> $ settrans -c /dev/eth0 /hurd/dde/devnode -M /dev/forcedeth eth0
-
-> $ settrans -c /servers/socket/2 /hurd/dde/pfinet -i /dev/eth0 -a 192.168.1.194 -g 192.168.1.254 -m 255.255.255.0 
-
-
-replace the ip, gateway and mask with your own ones
-
-> $ nano /etc/resolv.conf
-
-add line: nameserver 192.168.1.254
-
-DONE
diff --git a/hurd/status.mdwn b/hurd/status.mdwn
index e8282091..721cdeda 100644
--- a/hurd/status.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/status.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -106,9 +106,3 @@ possibility that they would want to try the Hurd again in the future.
 > 
 > [But] unlike a few years back [...] the system is stable enough under
 > load nowadays [...].
-
-## DDE network card drivers
-
-### Jakub Daniel, 2010-06-09
-
-[[guide|running/dde_guide]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a6a29918c91a91b98be069b217c604e4f1c08dfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 9 Jul 2010 11:10:58 +0200
Subject: qemu: added a note, that you can also use qemu to test a LiveCD.

---
 hurd/running/qemu.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
index 6b9062e9..6989cf72 100644
--- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively.
   with it, please have a look at [[its_wikipage|hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image]]. And when 
   you use it, please [tell me your experience with it](http://draketo.de/contact)! - [[community/weblogs/ArneBab]]
 
+Also you can use qemu to easily try one of our [[Hurd_LiveCDs|hurd/running/live_cd/]]. 
+
 <!--* [Announcement](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00000.html) of  another image. - The link in the email doesn't work anymore, too old. //-->
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f35c31318e1c99df211e3c24c4132abbe7c775e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Fri, 9 Jul 2010 11:13:53 +0200
Subject: livecds: added instructions for the LiveCD from Justus Winter.

---
 hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
index 568b6535..42d85c5b 100644
--- a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn
@@ -8,11 +8,18 @@ Use it like this:
 
     $ qemu -cdrom hurd-tiny-cd-20060722.iso
 
+A more recent Live CD can be found at <http://teythoon.cryptobitch.de/hurd/livecd/hurd-live-install-1273300101.iso.xz>. 
+
+It can be run with qemu via 
+
+    $ wget http://teythoon.cryptobitch.de/hurd/livecd/hurd-live-install-1273300101.iso.xz
+    $ xz -d hurd-live-install-1273300101.iso.xz
+    $ qemu -cdrom hurd-live-install-1273300101.iso
+
 These [[!wikipedia LiveCD]]s should be useful for those who want to try out the
 Hurd before they commit to installing it on their hard disks.  In addition to
 that, the bootable Hurd CDs should enable us to have a native installer instead
 of relying on Linux.
 
-
 * [[RequirementsForLiveCD]]
 * [[BuildingHurdLiveCD]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d1c0ce816a016868a9a9fa0ec42a319e022b8824 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Mon, 12 Jul 2010 16:11:57 +0200
Subject: Added info and links to the different translators in hurdextras.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 20 ++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index e567938f..44ba4dff 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -71,9 +71,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[ext2fs]]
 * [[fatfs]]
 * [[magic]]
-* [[mboxfs]]
 * [[unionfs]]
-* [[xmlfs]]
 * ...
 
 
@@ -87,6 +85,24 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[nsmux]]
 * ...
 
+# Translators (only) in Hurdextras
+
+*These Translators are available in the [hurdextras repository](http://savannah.nongnu.org/cvs/?group=hurdextras) but not yet described on this website. They are in varying stages of Development.*
+
+* [jfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#jfs)
+* [httpfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#httpfs)
+* [gopherfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#cvsfs)
+* [memfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#gopherfs)
+* [netio](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#netio)
+* [notice](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#notice)
+* [pith](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#pith)
+* [pptop](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#pptop)
+* [run](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#run)
+* [smbfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#smbfs)
+* [tarfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#tarfs)
+* [xmlfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#xmlfs)
+* [mboxfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#mboxfs)
+
 
 # Translator Wishlists
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5ce04abf3d656e138652d22683ced20231eb8015 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 20 Jul 2010 08:09:28 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/ext2fs: Add link to ``Second Extended File System''
 documentation.

---
 hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn | 12 +++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
index 441fb00f..69d035db 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,11 +9,20 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+# Issues
+
 The `ext2fs` translator from the upstream Hurd code base can only handle file
 systems with sizes of less than roughly 2 GiB.
 
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
 A patch exists to lift this limitation (and is being used in the
 [[Debian_GNU/Hurd_distribution|running/debian]]), but it introduces another
 incompatibility: `ext2fs` then only supports block sizes of 4096 bytes.
 Smaller block sizes are commonly automatically selected by `mke2fs` when using
 small backend stores, like floppy devices.
+
+
+# Documentation
+
+<http://www.nongnu.org/ext2-doc/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 399aaf28e538fc1c6f5adda3cf90cc6303b5721b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2010 21:31:44 +0200
Subject: hurd/libtrivfs: New.

---
 hurd.mdwn           |  1 +
 hurd/libnetfs.mdwn  |  7 ++++---
 hurd/libtrivfs.mdwn | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libtrivfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 067a15fc..78242651 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[libstore]]
   * [[libchannel]]
   * [[libhello_example]] -- Hurd library example
+  * [[libtrivfs]]
   * [[libnetfs]] -- short introductory material
 * [[IO_Path]]
 * [[Porting]]
diff --git a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
index a2bf47ee..8625f8bc 100644
--- a/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libnetfs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ which is, generally speaking, seriously different from *libnetfs*.
 All in all, *libnetfs* is the library you would choose when you want
 to write a translator which will show a file (or a directory) in a
 modified way (for example, if you'd like to show only *.sh* files or
-make an archive look unpacked). As different from *libtrivfs*, using
+make an archive look unpacked). As different from *[[libtrivfs]]*, using
 *libnetfs*, you can show to your clients not just a single file, but a
 whole directory tree.
 
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ performance or to solve specific problems.
 ##Synchronization is Crucial
 
 A *libnetfs* programmer shall always keep in mind that, as different
-from *libtrivfs*-based translators, *libnetfs*-based translators are
+from *[[libtrivfs]]*-based translators, *libnetfs*-based translators are
 always multithreaded. To guard data against damage each node
 incorporates a lock. Moreover, each light node usually contains a
 lock, too. This happens because *libnetfs* nodes and light nodes are
diff --git a/hurd/libtrivfs.mdwn b/hurd/libtrivfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b15aeabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libtrivfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Certain [[translator]]s do not need to be very complex, because they represent
+a single file rather than an entire directory hierarchy.  The *trivfs library*,
+which is declared in `<hurd/trivfs.h>`, does most of the work of implementing
+this kind of translator.  This library requires the [[iohelp|libiohelp]] and
+[[ports|libports]] libraries.
+
+Using `libtrivfs` is not the only way to implement such a single-file
+translator, but is a convenient abstraction: the library hides a lot of
+low-level stuff and you just have to provide a number of call-back functions
+and symbols in order to get a functioning (for file I/O, etc.) node in the file
+system.
+
+
+# Further Reading
+
+  * In the *[[The_GNU_Hurd_Reference_Manual|reference_manual]]*:
+    <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/doc/hurd_6.html#SEC48>.
+
+  * In the *[[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]]*:
+    <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hacking-guide/hhg.html#An-Example-using-trivfs>.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e4bc6001d92438b7733aae57b394f3c18bd0f9be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2010 21:36:51 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator: Another stance / explanation about what *to
 translate* means.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 44ba4dff..dc3fd256 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ and [[pfinet]]) and thus translates object invocations
 into calls appropriate for the backing store
 (e.g., ext2 file system, nfs server, etc.).
 
+Another way of putting it is that it translates from one representation of a
+data structure into another representation, for example from the on-disk
+[[ext2|ext2fs]] data layout to a traditional file system hierarchy, or from a
+XML file to a virtual hierarchical manifestation.  This translation can be a
+bidirectional process, but it need not be.
+
 A translator is usually registered with a specific file system node by using
 the [[`settrans`|settrans]] command.
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5e78541e82cea5718a36424aca5b16070466d32c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2010 22:20:07 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6: No support for IOCTLs.

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 996ffd6d..28586620 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -51,6 +52,11 @@ Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
       -A 2001:4b88:10e4:0:216:3eff:feff:4223/64 -G 2001:4b88:10e4::1
 
 
+# Missing Functionality
+
+Amongst other things, support for [[IOCTL]]s is missing.
+
+
 # Binaries
 
 For your convenience -- this work is not yet available in the Debian packages
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b2971a846e9c54772ff7ba07249d780e45680295 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2010 22:22:12 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6: Remove broken link (and obsolete
 comment).

---
 hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn | 9 ---------
 1 file changed, 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
index 28586620..5afee0c6 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/pfinet/ipv6.mdwn
@@ -55,12 +55,3 @@ Quite the same, but with static IPv6 address assignment:
 # Missing Functionality
 
 Amongst other things, support for [[IOCTL]]s is missing.
-
-
-# Binaries
-
-For your convenience -- this work is not yet available in the Debian packages
--- binaries of a patched (multicast reception) GNU Mach kernel (including
-default driver set and debugging support) and a stripped pfinet translator
-(named `pfinet6` here) are being provided at
-<http://brokenpipe.de/GnuHurd/pfinet6/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f84bf6d706d389d9823f2b1d3a9c660bcc1d6e8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2010 22:51:40 +0200
Subject: hurd/debugging/rpctrace: Add another rpctrace issue.

---
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn | 18 ++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index 46f40508..ee5ee3e7 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ See `rpctrace --help` about how to use it.
 
 # Issues and Patches
 
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
 * <http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?2104> -- don't assert that local port names
   are valid
 * <http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?3939> -- `rpctrace`d program hangs when signal
@@ -26,10 +28,14 @@ See `rpctrace --help` about how to use it.
     programs hang
 * <http://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?5580> -- more readable output
 
+* IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
+
+        <youpi> how to rpctrace a translator ?
+        <youpi> ah, just settrans /usr/bin/rpctrace...
+        <youpi> hum, it hung, and killing it got a Mach panic (thread in unexpected
+          state) ...
 
-# TODO
+* IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
 
-    <youpi> how to rpctrace a translator ?
-    <youpi> ah, just settrans /usr/bin/rpctrace...
-    <youpi> hum, it hung, and killing it got a Mach panic (thread in unexpected
-      state) ...
+        <antrik> hm... for a funny effect, try running rpctrace on
+          /servers/socket/1, and then use dpkg... ;-)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 53dc2172010dcf373e25423a110547935d854478 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2010 23:03:55 +0200
Subject: hurd/advantages: Different PLs for separate components.

---
 hurd/advantages.mdwn | 10 +++++++++-
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/advantages.mdwn b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
index a181a942..ba3a134b 100644
--- a/hurd/advantages.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -58,3 +58,11 @@ but it does have a number of enticing features:
     The Hurd is real software that works Right Now.  It is not a research
     project or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can start
     using and developing it.
+
+---
+
+One advantage of the Hurd's separation of kernel-like functionality into
+separate components ([[servers|translator]]) is that these can be constructed
+using different programming lanugages, a thing that is not easily possible in a
+monolithic kernel.  Essentially, only an interface from the programming
+environment to the RPC mechanism is required.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4b1f7411dd9c3b3e20a766cbef071d0010ab842d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 24 Jul 2010 10:39:20 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/tmpfs/tmpfs_vs_defpager: New.

---
 hurd/translator/tmpfs/tmpfs_vs_defpager.mdwn | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/tmpfs/tmpfs_vs_defpager.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/tmpfs/tmpfs_vs_defpager.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/tmpfs_vs_defpager.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef041a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/tmpfs/tmpfs_vs_defpager.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+\#hurd, freenode, 2010
+
+    <slpz> humm... why does tmpfs try to use the default pager? that's a bad idea, and probably will never work correctly...
+    * slpz is thinking about old issues
+    <slpz> tmpfs should create its own pagers, just like ext2fs, storeio...
+    <slpz> slopez@slp-hurd:~$ settrans -a tmp /hurd/tmpfs 10M
+    <slpz> slopez@slp-hurd:~$ echo "foo" > tmp/bar
+    <slpz> slopez@slp-hurd:~$ cat tmp/bar
+    <slpz> foo
+    <slpz> slopez@slp-hurd:~$ 
+    <slpz> :-)
+    <pochu> slpz: woo you fixed it?
+    <slpz> pochu: well, it's WIP, but reading/writing works...
+    <slpz> I've replaced the use of default pager for the standard pager creation mechanism
+    <antrik> slpz: err... how is it supposed to use swap space if not using the default pager?
+    <antrik> slpz: or do you mean that it should act as a proxy, just allocating anonymous memory (backed by the default pager) itself?
+    <youpi> antrik: the kernel uses the default pager if the application pager isn't responsive enough
+    <slpz> antrik: it will just create memory objects and provide zerofilled pages when requested by the kernel (after a page fault)
+    <antrik> youpi: that makes sense I guess... but how is that relevant to the question at hand?...
+    <slpz> antrik: memory objects will contain the data by themselves
+    <slpz> antrik: as youpi said, when memory is scarce, GNU Mach will start paging out data from memory objects to the default pager
+    <slpz> antrik: that's the way in which pages will get into swap space
+    <slpz> (if needed)
+    <youpi> the thing being that the tmpfs pager has a chance to select pages he doesn't care any more about
+    <antrik> slpz: well, the point is that instead of writing the pages to a backing store, tmpfs will just keep them in anonymous memory, and let the default pager write them out when there is pressure, right?
+    <antrik> youpi: no idea what you are talking about. apparently I still don't really understand this stuff :-(
+    <youpi> ah, but tmpfs doesn't have pages he doesn't care about, does it?
+    <slpz> antrik: yes, but the term "anonymous memory" could be a bit confusing.
+    <slpz> antrik: in GNU Mach, anonymous memory is backed by a memory object without a pager. In tmpfs, nodes will be allocated in memory objects, and the pager for those memory objects will be tmpfs itself
+    <antrik> slpz: hm... I thought anynymous memory is backed by memory objects created from the default pager?
+    <antrik> yes, I understand that tmpfs is supposed to be the pager for the objects it provides. they are obviously not anonymoust -- they have inodes in the tmpfs name space
+    <antrik> but my understanding so far was that when Mach returns pages to the pager, they end up in anonymous memory allocated to the pager process; and then this pager is responsible for writing them back to the actual backing store
+    <antrik> am I totally off there?...
+    <antrik> (i.e. in my understanding the returned pages do not reside in the actual memory object the pager provides, but in an anonymous memory object)
+    <slpz> antrik: you're right. The trick here is, when does Mach return the pages?
+    <slpz> antrik: if we set the attribute "can_persist" in a memory object, Mach will keep it until object cache is full or memory is scarce
+    <slpz> or we change the attributes so it can no longer persist, of course
+    <slpz> without a backing store, if Mach starts sending us pages to be written, we're in trouble
+    <slpz> so we must do something about it. One option, could be creating another pager and copying the contents between objects.
+    <antrik> another pager? not sure what you mean
+    <antrik> BTW, you didn't really say why we can't use the default pager for tmpfs objects :-)
+    <slpz> well, there're two problems when using the default pager as backing store for translators
+    <slpz> 1) Mach relies on it to do swapping tasks, so meddling with it is not a good idea
+    <slpz> 2) There're problems with seqnos when trying to work with the default pager from tasks other the kernel itself
+    <slpz> (probably, the latter could be fixed)
+    <slpz> antrik: pager's terminology is a bit confusing. One can also say creating another memory object (though the function in libpager is "pager_create")
+    <antrik> not sure why "meddling" with it would be a problem...
+    <antrik> and yeah, I was vaguely aware that there is some seqno problem with tmpfs... though so far I didn't really understand what it was about :-)
+    <antrik> makes sense now
+    <antrik> anyways, AIUI now you are trying to come up with a mechanism where the default pager is not used for tmpfs objects directly, but without making it inefficient?
+    <antrik> slpz: still don't understand what you mean by creating another memory object/pager...
+    <antrik> (and yeat, the terminology is pretty mixed up even in Mach itself)
+    <slpz> antrik: I meant creating another pager, in terms of calling again to libpager's pager_create
+    <antrik> slpz: well, I understand what "create another pager" means... I just don't understand what this other pager would be, when you would create it, and what for...
+    <slpz> antrik: oh, ok, sorry
+    <slpz> antrik: creating another pager it's just a trick to avoid losing information when Mach's objects cache is full, and it decides to purge one of our objects
+    <slpz> anyway, IMHO object caching mechanism is obsolete and should be replaced
+    <slpz> I'm writting a comment to bug #28730 which says something about this
+    <slpz> antrik: just one more thing :-) 
+    <slpz> if you look at the code, for most time of their lives, anonymous memory objects don't have a pager
+    <slpz> not even the default one
+    <slpz> only the pageout thread, when the system is running really low on memory, gives them a reference to the default pager by calling vm_object_pager_create
+    <slpz> this is not really important, but worth noting ;-)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 994406fcc9fb1233e70cb0d9c3dd26909f63a001 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 24 Jul 2010 12:30:01 +0200
Subject: hurd/libfshelp: New.

---
 hurd/libfshelp.mdwn | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/libfshelp.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libfshelp.mdwn b/hurd/libfshelp.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4eda91b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/libfshelp.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+TODO.
+
+
+# Open Issues
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+  * IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
+    
+        <flavioc> antrik, i had some problems with CLISP. it goes into an infinite loop when there's no stdin or stdout (fshelp closes them when a translator starts). At first I tried to patch it but CLISP has very intricate dependencies on them, so I just created a wraper program (run-lisp-trans) that opens /dev/null as stdin and stdout and then exec's clisp
+        <marcus> flavioc, antrik: I would suggest to modify libfshelp to start translators with stdin/stdout mapped to /dev/null.
+        <marcus> or is there a good reason not to?
+        <flavioc> marcus, the problem is in clisp :-), it should not expect that stdin/stdout are always open
+        <marcus> flavioc: I agree, but there is really no point in making it hard.  many programs will fail if stdin, stdout or stderr are not occupied.  historically, they expect them to be there, so IMO libfshelp should be changed
+        <marcus> flavioc: it's a simple solution, works everywhere and shouldn't do any harm :)
+        <flavioc> marcus, I see. should I propose that on the mailing list? :-)
+        <marcus> flavioc: it might be simpler to just crack the svn server and sneak it in :)
+        <marcus> if you submit a patch I will look at it and check it in if it is ok
+        <marcus> and see if Roland is still watching ... :D
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 883d6915a37f0266479c9b25d8c911ce1e66d315 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 24 Jul 2010 12:51:44 +0200
Subject: hurd/libihash: IRC discussion.

---
 hurd/libihash.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libihash.mdwn b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
index 58b6368c..39692939 100644
--- a/hurd/libihash.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,20 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+  * IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
+
+    [[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+        <neal> so, we need a new ihash implementation
+        <neal> marcusb: When 80% full, the collision rate is very high.
+        <neal> marcusb: I tested using 512mb / 4096 entries
+        <neal> marcusb: Changing the load factor to 30% resulted in my program running more than an order of magnitude faster.
+        <marcusb> yeah, it shouldn't get so full
+        <marcusb> don't we do an exponential back-off in the array size?
+        <marcusb> of course it's clear we can do much better
+        <marcusb> the ihash algo is very simple
+        <marcusb> I'm not even sure it makes much sense to have a generic library
+
   * Hurd libihash
 
       * old
@@ -33,3 +47,5 @@ is included in the section entitled
   * <http://cmph.sourceforge.net/>
 
   * <http://libhashish.sourceforge.net/>
+
+  * <http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/hash.html>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3c2fe7df58c5c6006caab689f4efbd313ad0680c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 24 Jul 2010 12:57:20 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator: _demuxer functions.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index dc3fd256..75020cb2 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -114,3 +114,28 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 
   * [[wishlist_1]]
   * [[wishlist_2]]
+
+
+# Internally
+
+## `*_demuxer` Functions
+
+  * IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
+
+        <jim-crow> what is a main idea of _demuxer functions in translators?
+        <neal> jim-crow: Think of a web server.
+        <neal> jim-crow: A typical web server must process many different requests.
+        <neal> jim-crow: There are different types of requests.
+        <neal> jim-crow: For instance, static pages and dynamically gnereated content.
+        <neal> the static pages are processed by one function
+        <neal> and the dynamic pages by another
+        <neal> the thing that makes the decision which of these functions to pass the request to is the demuxer.
+        <jim-crow> neal: ok, I see
+        <jim-crow> but what is actually it doing in trivfs_demuxer?
+        <neal> it looks at the message id and calls the right server stub
+        <jim-crow> for example it calls trivfs_io_server function, but I can't find its implementation
+        <jim-crow> that's my main question :-)
+        <neal> look at the files mig generates
+        <jim-crow> neal: ok, thanks
+        <jim-crow> neal: is this functions where actually stubs are called?
+        <neal> I think so.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f62168322c30b358c2eab478e98b72579a611de4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 30 Jul 2010 14:43:39 +0200
Subject: open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr: New.

---
 .../debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn |  7 +++----
 open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr.mdwn                 | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
index 1e8c4ef6..b7cfc3c9 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/translator/capturing_stdout_and_stderr.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -33,6 +34,4 @@ using the appropriate glibc magic (`setvbuf`).  Otherwise you'll see text in
 the output files only if either glibc herself decides to flush (after some KiB
 of text) the after translator exits.
 
-It is a [[!taglink open_issue_hurd]] to decide / implement / fix that
-(all?) running (passive?) translators' output should show up on the
-console / syslog.
+There is also a [[related open issue|open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr]].
diff --git a/open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr.mdwn b/open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0828b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/translator_stdout_stderr.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+Decide / implement / fix that (all?) running (passive?) translators' output
+should show up on the (Mach / Hurd) console / syslog.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6dcdea92da3ed91769ae6cc8dbf659e3a9bcac6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 30 Jul 2010 15:24:40 +0200
Subject: hurd/libports: Talk about libthreads.

---
 hurd/libports.mdwn | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libports.mdwn b/hurd/libports.mdwn
index f9aa518f..28274338 100644
--- a/hurd/libports.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libports.mdwn
@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ ports|microkernel/mach/port]].  It is documented in the [[Reference_Manual]].
 *libports* is not (at least, not for now) a generalization / abstraction of
 Mach ports to the functionality the Hurd needs, that is, it is not meant to
 provide an interface independently of the underlying [[microkernel]].
+
+*libports* does not itself depend on *[[libthreads]]*, but the appropriate
+threading hooks are used if present, that is if *[[libthreads]]* is used by
+another component.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 5a99e86ad2627d1d88232d87a31c07e92e4eb22a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 30 Jul 2010 16:30:04 +0200
Subject: hurd/debugging/rpctrace: More information.

---
 hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
index ee5ee3e7..de46c08d 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/rpctrace.mdwn
@@ -39,3 +39,15 @@ See `rpctrace --help` about how to use it.
 
         <antrik> hm... for a funny effect, try running rpctrace on
           /servers/socket/1, and then use dpkg... ;-)
+
+* IRC, unknown channel, unknown date.
+
+        <youpi> the problem of rpctrace is that it's a man in the middle :)
+        <youpi> so in principle, by design authentication stuff shouldn't work
+        <antrik> I don't think the Hurd auth mechanism in any way prevents or tries to prevent man-in-the-middle...
+        <youpi> maybe, but just try, you'll see all kinds of issue as soon as you have authentication stuff
+        <youpi> and the basic reason is that being a man in the middle needs special care
+        <youpi> which rpctrace doesn't completely do
+        <antrik> it's a while since I have dived into rpctrace; but AIUI, it should work just fine if the proxying is done properly
+        <antrik> note that there is a number of known bugs in rpctrace, for which zhengda has sent patches... though I haven't reviewed all of them I think
+        <antrik> there are some nasty Mach operations that are really hard to proxy -- but I don't think the auth mechanism needs any of these...
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 49ba9b1409a9c36d9d1019c74afc7b5e8d3c5d84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Fri, 30 Jul 2010 16:45:14 +0200
Subject: Add links between hurd/libihash and
 microkernel/viengoos/projects/new_hash_function.

---
 hurd/libihash.mdwn                                 | 23 +++++++++++-----------
 .../viengoos/projects/new_hash_function.mdwn       |  5 ++++-
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libihash.mdwn b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
index 39692939..770770c7 100644
--- a/hurd/libihash.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
@@ -8,9 +8,19 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-  * IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
 
-    [[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+  * Hurd libihash
+
+      * old
+
+      * new
+
+  * hurd-l4 libhurd-ihash
+
+  * [[viengoos libhurd-ihash|microkernel/viengoos/projects/new_hash_function]]
+
+    IRC, unknown channel, unknown date
 
         <neal> so, we need a new ihash implementation
         <neal> marcusb: When 80% full, the collision rate is very high.
@@ -22,15 +32,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
         <marcusb> the ihash algo is very simple
         <marcusb> I'm not even sure it makes much sense to have a generic library
 
-  * Hurd libihash
-
-      * old
-
-      * new
-
-  * hurd-l4 libhurd-ihash
-
-  * viengoos libhurd-ihash
 
 # Alternatives?
 
diff --git a/microkernel/viengoos/projects/new_hash_function.mdwn b/microkernel/viengoos/projects/new_hash_function.mdwn
index 1747511d..d0374720 100644
--- a/microkernel/viengoos/projects/new_hash_function.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/viengoos/projects/new_hash_function.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -17,3 +18,5 @@ overhead.  Find a better algorithm.  There can either be one that is
 appropriate in the general case or one that works well in a relevant,
 specific case, e.g., viengoos/object.c uses a hash to find the object
 corresponding to a frame, which is keyed on its physical address.
+
+Note that this applies to the Hurd's [[hurd/libihash]], too.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f8aec8d7197e04399df1dca296ee8a867e40600c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Mon, 2 Aug 2010 12:07:37 +0200
Subject: added arch hurd to the distribution list.

---
 hurd/running/distrib.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
index 92904d19..c197ad0e 100644
--- a/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/distrib.mdwn
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Working distributions of GNU/Hurd:
 
 GNU/Hurd distributions in early stages of development: 
 
+* [[Arch|arch_hurd]] (features a LiveCD)
 * [[Gentoo]]
 * [[GNU]]
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7c89454f26e1bc703e1cc9b08f9697a3a53844ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Mon, 2 Aug 2010 12:08:29 +0200
Subject: added mini-description and mini-status to the Arch Hurd page (mini to
 keep it maintainable).

---
 hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
index 6635f415..cc2ad0f2 100644
--- a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
@@ -11,3 +11,13 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 [[!meta title="Arch Hurd"]]
 
 <http://www.archhurd.org/>
+
+From the website: 
+
+*Welcome to the Arch Hurd website. Arch Hurd is a derivative work of Arch Linux porting it to the GNU Hurd system with packages optimised for the i686 architecture.*
+*…*
+*We are attempting to bring the spirit of Arch Linux to the Hurd, and if you'd like to help us achieve that, we'd love to hear from you.*
+
+Status as of 2010-07-31: 
+
+* LiveCD with [installation guide](http://wiki.archhurd.org/wiki/Installation_Guide). 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cf827a2bf875af77c87a70ab512feeb9238ad763 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zhengda <zhengda@web>
Date: Mon, 2 Aug 2010 14:37:14 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/dde/guide.mdwn | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn b/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
index 6518e0e4..72294629 100644
--- a/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@ suppose you need forcedeth driver
 Download http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6.29.y.git;a=blob_plain;f=drivers/net/forcedeth.c;hb=HEAD from mozilla like
 browser to /mnt/home as forcedeth.c
 
-Download http://pastebin.com/RJAJT2MR the same way and rename it to 0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
-
 reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
 
 > $ apt-get update
@@ -83,8 +81,6 @@ reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
 
 > $ cd ../hurd_dde
 
-> $ git am ../0001-Fix-up-DDE-paths.patch
-
 > $ cp -r dde_pcnet32 dde_forcedeth
 
 > $ cd dde_forcedeth
@@ -106,7 +102,6 @@ reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
 add these 2 lines after the last #include
 
     #include <ddekit/timer.h>
-    void get_random_byter(void *buf, int nbytes) { }
 
 > $ cd ..
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eeff03cf8e1b42022811c225d4af4bcb0385a42e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 10 Aug 2010 13:48:43 +0200
Subject: open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities: New.

---
 hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn        |   6 +-
 open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities.mdwn | 189 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
index 06a6b382..2fac456e 100644
--- a/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/porting/system_api_limitations.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ These are the known system API limits that have porting implications.
 
 **_[\#184565](http://bugs.debian.org/184565): libc0.3: missing shm\* functions (from `<sys/shm.h>`)_**<br />**breaks:** cdrtools<br />**error:** warning: shm\* is not implemented and will always fail
 
-**_[\#190581](http://bugs.debian.org/190581): nice() doesn't work_**<br />**breaks:** coreutils<br />**error:** `nice()` doesn't take effect on some situations
+**_[[nice() doesn't work|open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities]]_**.
 
 **_[\#187391](http://bugs.debian.org/187391): libc0.3-dev: `sockaddr_un.sun_path` can't be assigned a `const char *` when compiling with g++_**<br />**breaks:** fam, gail<br />**status:** maybe this should be in [[PortingIssues]] (see _long_ bug log)
 
diff --git a/open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities.mdwn b/open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..553a5e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/nice_vs_mach_thread_priorities.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gnumach open_issue_glibc]]
+
+This issue has been known for some time, due to coreutils' testsuite choking
+when testing *nice*: <http://bugs.debian.org/190581>.
+
+There has been older discussion about this, too, but this is not yet captured
+here.
+
+IRC, #hurd, August 2010
+
+    <pochu> I'm reading Mach and POSIX documentation to understand the priorities/nice problems
+    <pochu> antrik said it would be better to reimplement everything instead of fixing the current Mach interfaces, though I'm not sure about that yet
+    <youpi> uh, so he changed his mind?
+    <pochu> it seems POSIX doesn't say nice values should be -20..20, but 0..(2*NZERO - 1)
+    <youpi> he said we could just change the max priority value and be done with it :)
+    <pochu> so we can probably define NZERO to 16 to match the Mach range of 0..31
+    <youpi> s/said/had said previously/
+    <antrik> youpi: POSIX is actually fucked up regarding the definition of nice values
+    <antrik> or at least the version I checked was
+    <pochu> antrik: why? this says the range is [0,{NZERO}*2-1], so we can just set NZERO to 16 AFAICS: http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/getpriority.html
+    <antrik> it talkes about NZERO and all; making it *look* like this could be defined arbitrarily... but in other places, it's clear that the standard 40 level range is always assumed
+    <antrik> anyways, I totally see no point in deviating from other systems in this regard. it can only cause problems, and gives us no benefits
+    <cfhammar> it says NZERO should be at least 20 iirc 
+    <youpi> agreed
+    <antrik> I don't remember the details; it's been a while since I looked at this
+    <antrik> youpi: changing the number of levels is only part of the issue. I'm not sure why I didn't mention it initially when we discussed this
+    <antrik> youpi: I already concluded years ago that it's not possible to implement nice levels correctly with the current Mach interfaces in a sane fashion
+    <antrik> (it's probably possible, but only with a stupid hack like setting all the thread priorities one by one)
+    <antrik> youpi: also, last time we discussed this, I checked how the nice stuff works currently on Hurd; and concluded that it's so utterly broken, that there is no point in trying to preserve *any* compatibility. I think we can safely throw away any handling that is alread there, and do it over from scratch in the most straightforward fashion
+    <pochu> antrik: I've thought about setting NZERO to 16 and doing exactly what you've just said to be a hack (setting all the thread priorities one by one)
+    <pochu> but there seems to be consensus that that's undesirable...
+    <pochu> indeed, POSIX says NZERO should be at least 20
+    <antrik> pochu: BTW, I forgot to say: I'm not sure you appreciate the complexity of setting the thread max priorities individually
+    <pochu> antrik: I don't. would it be too complex? I imagined it would be a simple loop :)
+    <antrik> pochu: in order to prevent race conditions, you have to stop all other threads before obtaining the list of threads, and continue them after setting the priority for each
+    <antrik> I don't even know whether it can be done without interfering with other thread handling... in which case it gets really really ugly
+    <pochu> antrik: btw I'm looking at [gnumach]/kern/thread.[ch], removing the priority stuff as appropriate, and will change the tasks code later
+    <antrik> it seems to me that using a more suitable kernel interface will not only be more elegant, but quite possibly actually easier to implement...
+    <pochu> antrik: apparently it's not that hard to change the priority for all threads in a task, see task_priority() in gnumach/kern/task.c
+    <pochu> it looks like the nice test failures are mostly because of the not 1:1 mapping between nice values and Mach priorities
+    <marcusb> "Set priority of task; used only for newly created threads."
+    <marcusb> there is a reason I didn't fix nice 8 years ago
+    <marcusb> ah there is a change_threads option
+    <pochu> marcusb: I'm not sure that comment is correct. that syscall is used by setpriority()
+    <marcusb> yeah
+    <marcusb> I didn't read further, where it explains the change_threads options
+    <marcusb> I was shooting before asking questions :)
+    <marcusb> pochu: although there are some bad interactions if max_priorities are set per thread
+    <antrik> pochu: maybe we are talking past each other. my point was not that it's hard to do in the kernel. I was just saying that it would be painful to do from userspace with the current kernel interface
+    <pochu> antrik: you could still use that interface in user space, couldn't you? or maybe I'm misunderstanding...
+    <pochu> cfhammar, antrik: current patch: http://emilio.pozuelo.org/~deb/gnumach.patch, main issue is probably what to do with high-priority threads. are there cases where there should be a thread with a high priority but the task's priority shouldn't be high? e.g. what to do with kernel_thread() in [gnumach]/kern/thread.c
+    <pochu> i.e. if tasks have a max_priority, then threads shouldn't have a higher priority, but then either we raise the task's max_priority if we need a high-prio thread, or we treat them specially (e.g. new field in struct thread), or maybe it's a non-issue because in such cases, all the task is high-prio?
+    <pochu> also I wonder whether I can kill the processor set's max_priority. It seems totally unused (I've checked gnumach, hurd and glibc)
+    <pochu> (that would simplify the priority handling)
+    <cfhammar> pochu: btw what does your patch do? i can't remember what was decided
+    <pochu> cfhammar: it moves the max_priority from the thread to the task, so raising/lowering it has effect on all of its threads
+    <pochu> it also increases the number of run queues (and thus that of priority levels) from 32 to 40 so we can have a 1:1 mapping with nice values
+    <pochu> cfhammar: btw don't do a full review yet, just a quick look would be fine for now
+    <neal> why not do priorities from 0 to 159
+    <neal> then both ranges can be scaled
+    <neal> without loss of precision
+    <pochu> neal: there would be from Mach to nice priorities, e.g. a task with a priority of 2 another with 3 would have the same niceness, though their priority isn't really the same
+    <neal> pochu: sure
+    <neal> pochu: but any posix priority would map to a current mach priority and back
+    <neal> sorry, that's not true
+    <neal> a posix priority would map to a new mach priority and bach
+    <neal> and a current mach priority would map to a new mach priority and back
+    <neal> which is I think more desirable than changing to 40 priority levels
+    <pochu> neal> and a current mach priority would map to a new mach priority and back <- why should we care about this?
+    <neal> to be compatible with existing mach code
+    <neal> why gratutiously break existing interfaces?
+    <pochu> they would break anyway, wouldn't them? i.e. if you do task_set_priority(..., 20), you can't know if the caller is assuming old or new priorities (to leave it as 20 or as 100)
+    <neal> you add a new interface
+    <neal> you should avoid changing the semantics of existing interfaces as much as possible
+    <pochu> ok, and deprecate the old ones I guess
+    <neal> following that rule, priorities only break if someone does task_set_priority_new(..., X) and task_get_priority ()
+    <neal> there are other users of Mach
+    <neal> I'd add a configure check for the new interface
+    <neal> alternatively, you can check at run time
+    <pochu> well if you _set_priority_new(), you should _get_priority_new() :)
+    <neal> it's not always possible
+    <pochu> other users of GNU Mach?
+    <neal> you are assuming you have complete control of all the code
+    <neal> this is usually not the case
+    <neal> no, other users of Mach
+    <neal> even apple didn't gratuitously break Mach
+    <neal> in fact, it may make sense to see how apple handles this problem
+    <pochu> hmm, I hadn't thought about that
+    <pochu> the other thing I don't understand is: "I'd add a configure check for the new interface". a configure check where? in Mach's configure? that doesn't make sense to me
+    <neal> any users of the interface
+    <pochu> ok so in clients, e.g. glibc & hurd
+    <neal> yes.
+    <antrik> neal: I'm not sure we are winning anything by keeping compatibility with other users of Mach...
+    <antrik> neal: we *know* that to make Hurd work really well, we have to do major changes sooner or later. we can just as well start now IMHO
+    <antrik> keeping compatibility just seems like extra effort without any benefit for us
+    <guillem> just OOC have all other Mach forks, preserved full compatibility?
+    <neal> guillem: Darwin is pretty compatible, as I understand it
+    <antrik> pochu: the fundamental approach of changing the task_priority interface to serve as a max priority, and to drop the notion of max priorities from threads, looks fine
+    <antrik> pochu: I'm not sure about the thread priority handling
+    <antrik> I don't know how thread priorities are supposed to work in chreads and/or pthread
+    <antrik> I can only *guess* that they assume a two-stage scheduling process, where the kernel first decides what process to run; and only later which thread in a process...
+    <antrik> if that's indeed the case, I don't think it's even possible to implement with the current Mach scheduler
+    <antrik> I guess we could work with relative thread priorities if we really want: always have the highest-priority thread run with the task's max priority, and lower the priorities of the other threads accordingly
+    <antrik> however, before engaging into this, I think you should better check whether any of the code in Hurd or glibc actually uses thread priorities at all. my guess is that it doesn't
+    <antrik> I think we could get away with stubbing out thread priority handling alltogether for now, and just use the task priority for all threads
+    <antrik> I agree BTW that it would be useful to check how Darwin handles this
+    <pochu> btw do you know where to download the OS X kernel source? I found something called xnu, but I?m not sure that's it
+    <antrik> pochu: yeah, that's it
+    <antrik> Darwin is the UNIX core of OS X, and Xnu is the actual kernel...
+    <pochu> hmm, so they have both a task.priority and a task.max_priority
+    <neal> pochu: thoughts?
+    <pochu> neal: they have a priority and a max_priority in the task and in the threads, new threads inherit it from its parent task
+    <pochu> then they have a task_priority(task, priority, max_priority) that can change a task's priorities, and it also changes it for all its threads
+    <neal> how does the global run queue work?
+    <pochu> and they have 128 run queues, no idea if there's a special reason for that number
+    <pochu> neal: sorry, what do you mean?
+    <neal> I don't understand the point of the max_priority parameter
+    <pochu> neal: and I don't understand the point of the (base) priority ;)
+    <pochu> the max_priority is just that, the maximum priority of a thread, which can be lowered, but can't exceed the max one
+    <pochu> the (base) priority, I don't understand what it does, though I haven't looked too hard. maybe it's the one a thread starts at, and must be <= max_priority
+    <antrik> pochu: it's clearly documented in the manual, as well as in the code your initial patch changes...
+    <antrik> or do you mean the meaning is different in Darwin?...
+    <pochu> I was speaking of Darwin, though maybe it's the same as you say
+    <antrik> I would assume it's the same. I don't think there would be any point in having the base vs. max priority distinction at all, except to stay in line with standard Mach...
+    <antrik> at least I can't see a point in the base priority semantics for use in POSIX systems...
+    <pochu> right, it would make sense to always have priority == max_priority ...
+    <pochu> neal: so max_priority is that maximum priority, and priority is the one used to calculate the scheduled priority, and can be raised and lowered by the user without giving special permissions as long as he doesn't raise it above max_priority
+    <pochu> well this would allow a user to lower a process' priority, and raise it again later, though that may not be allowed by POSIX, so then we would want to have max_priority == priority (or get rid of one of them if possible and backwards compatible)
+    <antrik> pochu: right, that's what I think too
+    <antrik> BTW, did I bring up handling of thread priorities? I know that I meant to, but I don't remember whether I actually did...
+    <pochu> antrik: you told me it'd be ok to just get rid of them for now
+    <pochu> so I'm more thinking of fixing max_priority and (base) priority and leaving thread's scheduling priority as it currently is
+    <pochu> s/so/though/
+    <antrik> pochu: well, my fear is that keeping the thread priority handling as ist while changing task priority handling would complicate the changes, while giving us no real benefit...
+    <antrik> though looking at what Darwin did there should give you an idea what it involves exactly...
+    <pochu> antrik: what would you propose, keeping sched_priority == max_priority ?
+    <pochu> s/keeping/making/
+    <antrik> yes, if that means what I think it does ;-)
+    <antrik> and keeping the priority of all threads equal to the task priority for now
+    <antrik> of course this only makes sense if changing it like this is actually simpler than extending the current handling...
+    <antrik> again, I can't judge this without actually knowing the code in question. looking at Darwin should give you an idea...
+    <pochu> I think leaving it as is, making it work with the task's max_priority changes would be easier
+    <antrik> perhaps I'm totally overestimating the amount of changes required to do what Darwin does
+    <antrik> OTOH, carrying around dead code isn't exactly helping the maintainability and efficiency of gnumach...
+    <antrik> so I'm a bit ambivalent on this
+    <antrik> should we go for minimal changes here, or use this occasion to simplify things?...
+    <antrik> I guess it would be good to bring this up on the ML
+    <cfhammar> in the context of gsoc i'd say minimal changes
+    <pochu> there's also neal's point on keeping backwards compatibility as much as possible
+    <neal> my point was not backwards compatibility at all costs
+    <antrik> I'm still not convinced this is a valid point :-)
+    <neal> but to not gratutiously break things
+    <antrik> neal: well, I never suggested breaking things just because we can... I only suggested breaking things to make the code and interface simpler :-)
+    <antrik> I do not insist on it though
+    <neal> at that time, we did not know how Mac did it
+    <antrik> I only think it would be good to get into a habit that Mach interfaces are not sacred...
+    <neal> and, I also had a proposal, which I think is not difficult to implement given the existing patch
+    <antrik> but as I said, I do not feel strongly about this. if people feel more confident about a minimal change, I'm fine with that :-)
+    <antrik> neal: err... IIRC your proposal was only about the number of nice levels? we are discussing the interface change necessary to implement POSIX semantics properly
+    <antrik> or am I misremembering?
+    <pochu> antrik: he argues that with that number of nice levels, we could keep backwards compatibility for the 0..31 levels, and for 0..39 for POSIX compatibility
+    <antrik> pochu: yes, I remember that part
+    <neal> antrik : My suggestion was: raise the number of nice levels to 160 and introduce a new interface which uses those.  Adjust the old interface to space by 160/32
+    <antrik> neal: I think I said it before: the problem is not *only* in the number of priority levels. the semantics are also wrong. which is why Darwin added a max_priority for tasks
+    <neal> what do you mean the semantics are wrong?
+    <neal> I apologize if you already explained this.
+    <antrik> hm... I explained it at some point, but I guess you were not present at that conversation
+    <neal> I got disconnected recently so I likely don't have it in backlog.
+    <antrik> in POSIX, any process can lower its priority; while only privileged processes can raise it
+    <antrik> Mach distinguishes between "current" and "max" priority for threads: "max" behaves like POSIX; while "current" can be raised or lowered at will, as long as it stays below "max"
+    <antrik> for tasks, there is only a "current" priority
+    <antrik> (which applies to newly created threads, and optionally can be set for all current threads while changing the task priority)
+    <antrik> glibc currently uses the existing task priorities, which leads to *completely* broken semantics
+    <antrik> instead, we need something like a max task priority -- which is exactly what Darwin added
+    <neal> yes
+    <antrik> (the "current" task priority is useless for POSIX semantics as far as I can tell; and regarding thread priorities, I doubt we actually use them at all?...)
+    <cfhammar> where does a new thread get its initial max_priority from?
+    <antrik> cfhammar: from the creator thread IIRC
+    <pochu> yes
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From db9cc248fe1e78ebf6bf2a34c7418529d8b4a3b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2010 13:58:19 +0200
Subject: note: tarfs needs uatime fix.

---
 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
index 6319df77..2972efde 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ or
     ftp$ cd ftp.fr.debian.org
     ftp/ftp.fr.debian.org $ ls
 
-* tarfs  translator 
+* tarfs translator (needs uatime fix, 2010-08-25 → [git repo](http://github.com/giselher/tarfs))
 
 You can use tarfs to mount (almost) any tar file:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ You can even use it to create new tar files:
     $ cp -r all my files  new/
     $ syncfs new
 
-This is not as fast as `tar czvf newfile.tar.gz all my files` but at least, it's more original. ;)
+This is not as fast as `tar czvf newfile.tar.gz all my files`, but at least it's more original. ;)
     
 * cvsfs translator 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From be0f0de2f47f07b609473ecda4b21f15db39470a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2010 13:59:03 +0200
Subject: note: reading tarfiles with tarfs is currently broken.

---
 hurd/translator/examples.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
index 2972efde..ee766fbf 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/examples.mdwn
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ or
 
 * tarfs translator (needs uatime fix, 2010-08-25 → [git repo](http://github.com/giselher/tarfs))
 
-You can use tarfs to mount (almost) any tar file:
+You can use tarfs to mount (almost) any tar file (currently broken, 2010-08-25):
 
     $ settrans -ca a /hurd/tarfs -z myfile.tar.gz
     $ settrans -ca b /hurd/tarfs -y myfile.tar.bz2
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b6638a3b7e1fae2b7389b899bb9b60a0d9e271cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Arne Babenhauserheide <arne_bab@web.de>
Date: Wed, 25 Aug 2010 17:48:53 +0200
Subject: added nfs translator.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 75020cb2..8037550b 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[tmpfs]]
 * [[procfs]]
 * [[nsmux]]
+* nfs -- easily mount nfs anywhere. See /hurd/nfs
 * ...
 
 # Translators (only) in Hurdextras
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e229be53c9f4970723c01a60bf1095917af8974f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:55:17 +0200
Subject: Briefly mention what happened to microkernel ports

---
 hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn b/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcbc3b55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="What happened to the L4/Coyotos/viengoos micro-kernels?"]]
+
+L4 was promising but happened to not be suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on top if it. See [[history/port_to_l4]].
+
+Coyotos is abandoned upstream
+
+Neal Walfield started working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos|viengoos]]. Unfortunately, he currently lacks time and the projects it paused.
+
+In the meanwhile, people are thus continuing with [[microkernel/mach]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c5c3527962ef35b3e7851b395d6d1951d9bf2e12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:59:08 +0200
Subject: Explain why you can't share Userspace

---
 hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn b/hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3dbe2d6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="could it be possible to dual-boot Linux and Hurd so that everything but the kernel was shared?"]]
+
+<jkoenig> No because the binaries are not compatible between Hurd and Linux, so each one needs its own version of the userspace.
+<jkoenig> Hurd does use ELF, but not with the same ABI.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2557e20df4f416d8ebf44a268995ee11d73d726c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Sep 2010 00:03:31 +0200
Subject: Explain when it'll be ready

---
 hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn b/hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d197c80a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="When will the Hurd be ready for use?"]]
+
+When it is ready :)
+
+It is worth noting that it <b>is<b> already ready for use for some
+cases. Olaf actually uses it everyday already since years. Two thirds
+of the Debian packages are built (not necessarily tested, though). Some
+things are however not implemented yet and probably need to be, see
+[[community/weblogs/ArneBab/what_we_need]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a9c50f471cbb84dfaf00eb76b97cdceeb972fa77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Sep 2010 00:05:50 +0200
Subject: talk a bit about drivers

---
 hurd/faq/how_about_drivers.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/how_about_drivers.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/how_about_drivers.mdwn b/hurd/faq/how_about_drivers.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0556fd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/how_about_drivers.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="What drivers does GNU/Hurd have?"]]
+
+Currently, Mach integrates drivers from Linux 2.0 through some glue code. As
+it's very old, that limits hardware support a lot, of course. We are however
+working on using the DDE toolkit to run linux drivers in userland processes,
+which provides both long-term support for new hardware and safety against driver
+bugs.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4df8e9bc53ebc996fc9140474391e2abd77ddf6b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Sep 2010 00:07:55 +0200
Subject: Explain how expensive it is to switch microkernel

---
 hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn b/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..468fab54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="How difficult would it be to switch to another microkernel?"]]
+
+One thing for sure is to rewrite the mach and sysdeps/mach parts of glibc and
+libpthread. Quite a few tools also assume a Mach kernel and would have to be
+rewritten.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f0192d1e1cf62a808993d0c5b99a553d19bc5aa2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Sep 2010 00:13:08 +0200
Subject: this is actually a duplicate

---
 hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn | 19 -------------------
 1 file changed, 19 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn b/hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d197c80a..00000000
--- a/hurd/faq/when_will_it_be_ready.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="When will the Hurd be ready for use?"]]
-
-When it is ready :)
-
-It is worth noting that it <b>is<b> already ready for use for some
-cases. Olaf actually uses it everyday already since years. Two thirds
-of the Debian packages are built (not necessarily tested, though). Some
-things are however not implemented yet and probably need to be, see
-[[community/weblogs/ArneBab/what_we_need]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0a7eb6934349133a44735f4680b0efe6a510d68f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Sep 2010 00:16:12 +0200
Subject: try to fix link

---
 hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn b/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
index bcbc3b55..e16bd495 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ L4 was promising but happened to not be suitable for implementing a general-purp
 
 Coyotos is abandoned upstream
 
-Neal Walfield started working on a newly designed kernel called [[microkernel/viengoos|viengoos]]. Unfortunately, he currently lacks time and the projects it paused.
+Neal Walfield started working on a newly designed kernel called [[viengoos|microkernel/viengoos]]. Unfortunately, he currently lacks time and the projects it paused.
 
 In the meanwhile, people are thus continuing with [[microkernel/mach]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e8cf531732a046bf5a52581a564bda0569c6c1a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 2010 20:30:36 +0000
Subject: fix typo

---
 hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn b/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
index e16bd495..6180dbbb 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/which_microkernel.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="What happened to the L4/Coyotos/viengoos micro-kernels?"]]
 
-L4 was promising but happened to not be suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on top if it. See [[history/port_to_l4]].
+L4 was promising but happened to not be suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on top of it. See [[history/port_to_l4]].
 
 Coyotos is abandoned upstream
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f67536a378772dbf5661c2402f59bcf289841d69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 2010 09:48:31 +0200
Subject: netio, tarfs: Moved from hurdextras to incubator.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn       |  6 +++---
 hurd/translator/netio.mdwn | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 hurd/translator/tarfs.mdwn | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurdextras.mdwn            | 19 ++++++++++---------
 4 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/netio.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/tarfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 8037550b..672f6c9f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[fatfs]]
 * [[magic]]
 * [[unionfs]]
+* [[nfs]]
 * ...
 
 
@@ -89,7 +90,8 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[tmpfs]]
 * [[procfs]]
 * [[nsmux]]
-* nfs -- easily mount nfs anywhere. See /hurd/nfs
+* [[netio]]
+* [[tarfs]]
 * ...
 
 # Translators (only) in Hurdextras
@@ -100,13 +102,11 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [httpfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#httpfs)
 * [gopherfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#cvsfs)
 * [memfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#gopherfs)
-* [netio](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#netio)
 * [notice](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#notice)
 * [pith](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#pith)
 * [pptop](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#pptop)
 * [run](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#run)
 * [smbfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#smbfs)
-* [tarfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#tarfs)
 * [xmlfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#xmlfs)
 * [mboxfs](http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#mboxfs)
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/netio.mdwn b/hurd/translator/netio.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aca9cd69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/netio.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`netio` is a translator designed for creating socket ports through the
+filesystem.
+
+
+# Source
+
+incubator, netio/master
diff --git a/hurd/translator/tarfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/tarfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e25e3255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/tarfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`tarfs` is a translator aimed at providing access to tar files through the
+filesystem.  This way you don't have to extract files from the archive to
+access them.  It supports compressed archives (bzip2 and gzip) through
+[[libstore]].
+
+
+# Status
+
+Works fine on most cases, occasional corruptions when writing using bzip2/gzip
+stores.
+
+
+# Source
+
+incubator, tarfs/master
diff --git a/hurdextras.mdwn b/hurdextras.mdwn
index c322acb0..07fb4e69 100644
--- a/hurdextras.mdwn
+++ b/hurdextras.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ This is about merging some hurdextras stuff into Hurd proper repostitories.
 
 ## cvsfs
 
+/!\ Waiting for <https://savannah.gnu.org/support/?107474>.
+
   * stesie -- OK
 
 ## gopherfs
@@ -28,31 +30,30 @@ This is about merging some hurdextras stuff into Hurd proper repostitories.
 
 ## libfuse
 
+/!\ Waiting for <https://savannah.gnu.org/support/?107474>.
+
   * stesie -- OK
 
 ## mboxfs
 
+Tarball-import, plus trivial changes.
+
   * Ludovic Courtes -- OK
   * mmenal -- NOK (but trivial) -- OK
 
-## netio
-
-  * mo / Moritz Schulte  <moritz@duesseldorf.ccc.de> -- OK
-
 ## notice
 
+Tarball-import.
+
   * Wolfgang Jährling <wolfgang@pro-linux.de> -- OK
 
 ## run
 
+Tarball-import.
+
   * Marcus Brinkmann  <marcus@gnu.org> -- OK
   * Manuel Menal  <mmenal@hurdfr.org> -- NOK (but trivial) -- OK
 
-## tarfs
-
-  * Ludovic Courtes <ludo@type-z.org> -- OK
-  * Ben Asselstine  <benasselstine@gmail.com> -- OK
-
 
 # Not Interesting
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f45c10a4dde96ec9f32bce6f88af9e2c8506edbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 2010 10:04:11 +0200
Subject: gopherfs: Moved from hurdextras to incubator.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn          |  1 +
 hurd/translator/gopherfs.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 hurdextras.mdwn               |  7 -------
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/gopherfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index 672f6c9f..dd5c5b4d 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 * [[nsmux]]
 * [[netio]]
 * [[tarfs]]
+* [[gopherfs]]
 * ...
 
 # Translators (only) in Hurdextras
diff --git a/hurd/translator/gopherfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/gopherfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c32430f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/gopherfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+`gopherfs` is a virtual filesystem allowing you to access Gopher sites.
+
+
+# Source
+
+incubator, gopherfs/master
diff --git a/hurdextras.mdwn b/hurdextras.mdwn
index 9db1c8d6..45a82dab 100644
--- a/hurdextras.mdwn
+++ b/hurdextras.mdwn
@@ -21,13 +21,6 @@ This is about merging some hurdextras stuff into Hurd proper repostitories.
 
   * stesie -- OK
 
-## gopherfs
-
-  * mmenal / Manuel Menal <mmenal@hurdfr.org> -- NOK (but trivial) -- OK
-  * Ben Asseltsine  <ben@asselstine.com> -- OK
-  * mrphython / James A. Morrison  <ja2morri@uwaterloo.ca> -- OK
-  * Igor Khavkine <igor@twu.net> -- OK
-
 ## libfuse
 
 /!\ Waiting for <https://savannah.gnu.org/support/?107474>.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d21f5abf22c950e3533062458c655839e5a5f499 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2010 06:24:48 +0200
Subject: faq/sharing_the_user_space: New.

---
 faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn   | 14 --------------
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn b/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d09ccc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+*Question:* Could it be possible to have a system installation where you can
+dual-boot using either the [[Linux]] kernel, or the GNU Hurd, so that
+everything but the kernel is shared?
+
+*Answer:* Given that both Linux and GNU Hurd are using the [[ELF]] binary
+format, this could indeed be made possible, if all programs agreed to rely on
+only one abstraction layer, for example the standard C library ([[glibc]]).
+(Additionally, for example for system calls that are not covered by glibc
+calls, you'd need to be able to reliably trap and emulate these.)  However,
+Linux' and the GNU Hurd's [[ABI]]'s have sufficiently diverged, so that this is
+not easy to do.  That's why you can't currently install a system in this way,
+but you need a separate installation of the userspace suited for the Linux
+kernel, or the GNU Hurd.
diff --git a/hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn b/hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dbe2d6d..00000000
--- a/hurd/faq/share_userspace.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="could it be possible to dual-boot Linux and Hurd so that everything but the kernel was shared?"]]
-
-<jkoenig> No because the binaries are not compatible between Hurd and Linux, so each one needs its own version of the userspace.
-<jkoenig> Hurd does use ELF, but not with the same ABI.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7c347a599c9c44560f5be70fa06dfe75100e8051 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2010 06:45:56 +0200
Subject: Centralized FAQ infrastructure.

---
 documentation.mdwn           |  2 ++
 faq.mdwn                     | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hurd/faq.mdwn                |  4 +++-
 hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn |  6 +++---
 hurd/running/faq.mdwn        |  4 ++--
 microkernel/faq.mdwn         |  5 ++++-
 sidebar.mdwn                 |  1 +
 7 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 faq.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn
index d96cb24b..b8558e9f 100644
--- a/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/documentation.mdwn
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[FAQ]]
+
 Documentation for...
 
   * [[GNU_Hurd|hurd/documentation]]
diff --git a/faq.mdwn b/faq.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9167ede6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/faq.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="FAQ"]]
+
+Also see the...
+
+  * [[microkernel FAQ|microkernel/faq]],
+
+  * [[GNU Hurd FAQ|hurd/faq]],
+
+  * [[running GNU Hurd FAQ|hurd/running/faq]],
+
+  * [[Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ|hurd/running/debian/faq]].
+
+[[!inline
+pages="faq/* and !*/discussion"
+show=0
+feeds=no
+actions=yes
+rootpage="faq" postformtext="Add a new item titled:"]]
diff --git a/hurd/faq.mdwn b/hurd/faq.mdwn
index be30e1b4..413aaf3f 100644
--- a/hurd/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="GNU Hurd FAQ"]]
 
+See also other [[/FAQ]].
+
 [[!inline
 pages="hurd/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
index b3bd230d..8aaadf9c 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,8 +11,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ"]]
 
-See also the [[Hurd_FAQ|/hurd/FAQ]], [[after_install]], and the [[General FAQ
-About Running GNU/Hurd|/hurd/running/faq]].
+See also [[after_install]] instructions, and other [[/FAQ]].
 
 [[!inline
 pages="hurd/running/debian/faq/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/hurd/running/faq.mdwn b/hurd/running/faq.mdwn
index a59bce7e..2746a20a 100644
--- a/hurd/running/faq.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="General FAQ About Running GNU/Hurd"]]
 
-See also the [[Hurd FAQ|hurd/FAQ]], and the [[Debian GNU/Hurd FAQ|debian/faq]].
+See also other [[/FAQ]].
 
 [[!inline
 pages="hurd/running/faq/* and !*/discussion"
diff --git a/microkernel/faq.mdwn b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
index aa98403a..fe259f05 100644
--- a/microkernel/faq.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel/faq.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
 [[!meta title="Microkernel FAQ"]]
 
+See also other [[/FAQ]].
+
 [[!inline
 pages="microkernel/faq/* and !*/discussion"
 show=0
diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn
index 159104fc..d283436b 100644
--- a/sidebar.mdwn
+++ b/sidebar.mdwn
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Welcome to... [[!img /logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/logo]] ... the GNU Hurd!
   * **[[Home|/index]]**
   * **[[Community]]**
   * **[[Documentation]]**
+      * *[[FAQ]]*
   * **[[Getting Help]]**
   * **[[Open Issues]]**
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f1c19a7790c022996b11f58c955d63e50c23f31a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "http://www.barrucadu.co.uk/" <http://www.barrucadu.co.uk/@web>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2010 17:08:48 +0000
Subject: Rewrite.

---
 hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn | 16 +++++++---------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
index cc2ad0f2..9786d144 100644
--- a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn
@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Arch Hurd"]]
 
-<http://www.archhurd.org/>
+Arch Hurd is a port of Arch Linux to the GNU Hurd, founded on 2010-01-04 by Michael Walker (Barrucadu) and, with input from a variety of people including Alan McRae (allan), Matthias Lanzinger (melpo), and Alexander Preisinger (giselher), the project has made excellent process. There is a livecd available on the Arch Hurd website, with which you can try or install Arch Hurd.
 
-From the website: 
+### Links
 
-*Welcome to the Arch Hurd website. Arch Hurd is a derivative work of Arch Linux porting it to the GNU Hurd system with packages optimised for the i686 architecture.*
-*…*
-*We are attempting to bring the spirit of Arch Linux to the Hurd, and if you'd like to help us achieve that, we'd love to hear from you.*
-
-Status as of 2010-07-31: 
-
-* LiveCD with [installation guide](http://wiki.archhurd.org/wiki/Installation_Guide). 
+* Official Website: <http://www.archhurd.org>
+* Installation Guide: <http://wiki.archhurd.org/wiki/Installation_Guide>
+* Mailing Lists: <http://lists.archhurd.org>
+* Forum: <http://bbs.archhurd.org>
+* IRC: #archhurd on irc.freenode.net
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a28c06b80bfbecc09312e28ab61a1794d2d2b29b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2010 14:55:53 +0200
Subject: Merge community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs into
 hurd/translator/procfs.

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn |  6 ++---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn  | 45 -------------------------------
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn               | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
index 14304de2..8eb6953e 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libgtop.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ libgtop is a library used by many applications (especially GNOME applications)
 to abstract the system-specific methods for obtaining information about the
 current state of the system -- processes running, system load etc.
 
-A [[Linux-compatible_procfs|madhusudancs]] implementation has been created
-during GSoC 2008, and should cover a large part of the functionality of
+A Linux-compatible [[hurd/translator/procfs]] is available
+and should cover a large part of the functionality of
 libgtop. However, not all necessary information is exported via /proc (even on
 Linux); there are some bits still missing in the Hurd procfs implementation;
 and there are a couple of bugs that need to be fixed to make it fully usable.
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index d4760aae..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/procfs.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="procfs"]]
-
-Although there is no standard (POSIX or other) for the layout of the `/proc`
-pseudo-filesystem, it turned out a very useful facility in GNU/Linux and other
-systems, and many tools concerned with process management use it. (`ps`, `top`,
-`htop`, `gtop`, `killall`, `pkill`, ...)
-
-Instead of porting all these tools to use [[hurd/libps]] (Hurd's official method for
-accessing process information), they could be made to run out of the box, by
-implementing a Linux-compatible `/proc` filesystem for the Hurd.
-
-The goal is to implement all `/proc` functionality needed for the various process
-management tools to work.  (On Linux, the `/proc` filesystem is used also for
-debugging purposes; but this is highly system-specific anyways, so there is
-probably no point in trying to duplicate this functionality as well...)
-
-The [[existing_partially_working_procfs_implementation|hurd/translator/procfs]]
-can serve as a starting point, but needs to be largely rewritten.  (It should
-use [[hurd/libnetfs]] rather than [[hurd/libtrivfs]]; the data format needs to
-change to be more Linux-compatible; and it needs adaptation to newer system
-interfaces.)
-
-This project requires learning [[hurd/translator]] programming, and
-understanding some of the internals of process management in the Hurd.  It
-should not be too hard coding-wise; and the task is very nicely defined by the
-existing Linux `/proc` interface -- no design considerations necessary.
-
-**Note**: We already have several applications for this task.
-
-Possible mentors: Olaf Buddenhagen (antrik)
-
-Exercise: Add or fix one piece in the existing procfs translator.
-
-*Status*: Madhusudan.C.S has implemented a new, fully functional [[procfs|madhusudancs]] for
-GSoC 2008. He is still working on some outstanding issues.
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index 404a6764..0247aa33 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,8 +9,37 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+Although there is no standard (POSIX or other) for the layout of the `/proc`
+pseudo-filesystem, it turned out a very useful facility in GNU/Linux and other
+systems, and many tools concerned with process management use it. (`ps`, `top`,
+`htop`, `gtop`, `killall`, `pkill`, ...)
+
+Instead of porting all these tools to use [[libps]] (Hurd's official method for
+accessing process information), they could be made to run out of the box, by
+implementing a Linux-compatible `/proc` filesystem for the Hurd.
+
+The goal is to implement all `/proc` functionality needed for the various process
+management tools to work.  (On Linux, the `/proc` filesystem is used also for
+debugging purposes; but this is highly system-specific anyways, so there is
+probably no point in trying to duplicate this functionality as well...)
+
+*Status*: Madhusudan.C.S has implemented a new, fully functional [[procfs|madhusudancs]] for
+[[GSoC 2008|community/gsoc/2008]].
+
+In August 2010, Jérémie Koenig [published another, new
+version](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2010-08/msg00165.html).
+
+
+# Internals
+
+
+## Old Implementation from [[open_issues/HurdExtras]]
+
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#procfs>
 
+
+## Files opened by various tools
+
   * [[`ps`|procps]]
   * [[`top`|top]]
   * [[`htop`|htop]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9b6a5bd202ca8f0a99b9d3a17ea3e077aa7fcf41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2010 17:32:08 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs: Imported Jérémie Koenig's version into
 procfs.git.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn | 4 ++++
 source_repositories.mdwn    | 1 +
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index 0247aa33..bc22530f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -26,8 +26,12 @@ probably no point in trying to duplicate this functionality as well...)
 *Status*: Madhusudan.C.S has implemented a new, fully functional [[procfs|madhusudancs]] for
 [[GSoC 2008|community/gsoc/2008]].
 
+# New Implementation by Jérémie Koenig
+
 In August 2010, Jérémie Koenig [published another, new
 version](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2010-08/msg00165.html).
+This can be found in <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/procfs.git/>,
+branch *jkoenig/master*.
 
 
 # Internals
diff --git a/source_repositories.mdwn b/source_repositories.mdwn
index 41ca37be..8729e48b 100644
--- a/source_repositories.mdwn
+++ b/source_repositories.mdwn
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [[glibc]]
   * [[incubator]]
+  * [[hurd/translator/procfs]]
   * ...
 
 ## Branches
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d5ae18f16370d7b53412c3aebfdf7df90cb81213 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2010 05:26:12 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs: How to build jkoenig's procfs.

---
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index bc22530f..4f882674 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@ version](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2010-08/msg00165.html).
 This can be found in <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/procfs.git/>,
 branch *jkoenig/master*.
 
+Testing it is as simple as this:
+
+    $ git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/hurd/procfs.git
+    $ cd procfs/
+    $ git checkout jkoenig/master
+    $ make
+    $ settrans -ca proc procfs --compatible
+    $ ls -l proc/
+
 
 # Internals
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 61977258f0d13492f986bb3d2d452056d13821ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 15 Sep 2010 05:27:46 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs: Remove old trace files.

---
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn         | 16 +---------------
 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn    | 25 -------------------------
 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn | 23 -----------------------
 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn  | 23 -----------------------
 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn     | 18 ------------------
 5 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 104 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index 4f882674..da7eb77c 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -43,20 +43,6 @@ Testing it is as simple as this:
     $ ls -l proc/
 
 
-# Internals
-
-
-## Old Implementation from [[open_issues/HurdExtras]]
+# Old Implementation from [[open_issues/HurdExtras]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#procfs>
-
-
-## Files opened by various tools
-
-  * [[`ps`|procps]]
-  * [[`top`|top]]
-  * [[`htop`|htop]]
-  * `gtop`
-  * [[`killall`|killall]]
-  * `pkill`
-  * ...
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index ce38b92c..00000000
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/htop.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-    open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
-    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
-    open("/proc/1/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-    open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-    open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-    open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-    open("/proc/2/task", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 4
-    open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 4
-    open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-    open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 4
-    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d31b51a..00000000
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/killall.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-    open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
-    open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
-    open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
-    open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
-    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-    open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-    open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-    open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-    open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d31b51a..00000000
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/procps.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-    open("/proc/self/stat", O_RDONLY)       = 3
-    open("/proc/uptime", O_RDONLY)          = 3
-    open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 4
-    open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 5
-    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-    open("/proc/1/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-    open("/proc/1/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 6
-    open("/proc/2/status", O_RDONLY)        = 6
-    open("/proc/2/cmdline", O_RDONLY)       = 6
-    [...]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2cba78ad..00000000
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs/top.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-    open("/proc/stat", O_RDONLY)            = 3
-    open("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", O_RDONLY) = 3
-    open("/proc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|0x80000) = 3
-    open("/proc/1/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-    open("/proc/1/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-    open("/proc/2/stat", O_RDONLY)          = 4
-    open("/proc/2/statm", O_RDONLY)         = 4
-    [...]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3f11d947b91a9c5f5eaa743ebb9dd38e34a625a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 21 Sep 2010 11:45:06 +0200
Subject: libpthread: New.

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn |  8 +++++---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn          |  5 +++--
 hurd.mdwn                                           |  1 +
 hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn            |  8 ++++----
 hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn    |  3 ++-
 libpthread.mdwn                                     | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn                     |  1 -
 7 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 libpthread.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
index a27b0d30..460b380b 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -42,8 +43,9 @@ use the latter approach, and can serve as a good example.
 
 There is another possible reason for preferring lower-level bindings:
 Presently, the Hurd server libraries use the cthreads threading library, which
-predates the pthread standard prevalent today. There is a pthread library for
-the Hurd as well, but it's not possible to use both cthreads and pthreads in
+predates the pthread standard prevalent today. There is a
+[[pthread library for the Hurd|libpthread]]
+as well, but it's not possible to use both cthreads and pthreads in
 the same executable. Thus, until
 [[porting_the_Hurd_libraries_to_pthreads|community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads]]
 is finished, implementing bindings for any language that uses pthreads (in the
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
index a33187f6..2270c774 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads.mdwn
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ The Hurd was originally created at a time when the [pthreads
 standard](http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/pthread.h.html)
 didn't exist yet.  Thus all Hurd servers and libraries are using the old
 [[cthreads|hurd/libcthreads]] package that came with [[microkernel/Mach]],
-which is not compatible with [[pthreads|hurd/libpthread]].
+which is not compatible with pthreads.
 
 Not only does that mean that people hacking on Hurd internals have to deal with
 a non-standard thread package, which nobody is familiar with. Although a
-pthreads implementation for the Hurd was created in the meantime, it's not
+[[pthreads implementation for the Hurd|libpthread]]
+was created in the meantime, it's not
 possible to use both cthreads and pthreads in the same program. Consequently,
 pthreads can't presently be used in any Hurd servers -- including translators.
 
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index c5627e29..24610f97 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
   * [[libtrivfs]]
   * [[libnetfs]] -- short introductory material
   * [[libihash]]
+  * [[libpthread]]
 * [[IO_Path]]
 * [[Porting]]
 * [[Debugging]]
diff --git a/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn b/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn
index 468fab54..21f7a371 100644
--- a/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/faq/how_to_switch_microkernels.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="How difficult would it be to switch to another microkernel?"]]
 
-One thing for sure is to rewrite the mach and sysdeps/mach parts of glibc and
-libpthread. Quite a few tools also assume a Mach kernel and would have to be
-rewritten.
+One would have to reimplement the `mach/` and `sysdeps/mach/` parts of
+[[glibc]] and [[libpthread]].  Quite a few other Hurd tools also assume a
+[[microkernel/Mach]] kernel and would have to be adapted or rewritten.
diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn
index 43ecbc77..c6236c2f 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/package_troubleshooting.mdwn
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ You must set up the [[translator/random]] device first.
 
 ## <a name="An_X_package_hangs_at_startup_wi"> An X package hangs at startup without error messages </a>
 
-Observed with GTK programs like xchat, synaptic, inkscape. It is an issue with libpthread that (as of 04 Feb 2007) is still unresolved. Sorry.
+Observed with GTK programs like xchat, synaptic, inkscape. It is an issue with
+[[libpthread]] that (as of 04 Feb 2007) is still unresolved. Sorry.
 
 ## <a name="Borked_fonts_on_GTK_app"> </a> Borked fonts on GTK app
 
diff --git a/libpthread.mdwn b/libpthread.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6210706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpthread.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="POSIX Threading Library"]]
+
+Used by / ported to the [[Hurd]] on [[GNU Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]], some
+[[microkernel/L4]] variants, and [[microkernel/Viengoos]].
+
+
+# Open Issues
+
+  * [[tag/open_issue_libpthread]]
diff --git a/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn b/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
index 5f8470b7..1f6f5002 100644
--- a/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/some_todo_list.mdwn
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ From Marcus, 2002:
     * Are all inode numbers and link counts correct?
 * We also should have a "make check" test suite. We can add this once Jeff finished his automake patches
 * pick up the other things
-  * pthread, definitely. Now that we are so close
   * new console is basically done
     * needs integration of course
     * X switching support
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 72f0fbdbac020e532ac430c18442c73243dfceb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 4 Oct 2010 11:33:41 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/unionfs: Link to Linux' overlay file system proposal,
 2010-09-20.

---
 hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
index d1e3868b..2b692cf9 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/unionfs.mdwn
@@ -153,3 +153,8 @@ the *mountee* at 0.
 
   * [FUSE page about
     `unionfs`](http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/fuse/index.php?title=UnionFileSystems)
+
+  * [Linux' overlay file system proposal,
+    2010-09-20](http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1038413)
+
+    How is this different?
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ff42d21836ec433707da4ef4f982f12dedb4e384 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 6 Oct 2010 20:57:19 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs: Minor bug w/ jkoenig's procfs.

---
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn | 9 +++++++++
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index da7eb77c..80f822e3 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ Testing it is as simple as this:
     $ ls -l proc/
 
 
+## Open Issues
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+  * Files' permissions:
+
+        <pinotree> the only glitch is that files/dirs have the right user as owner, but always with root group
+
+
 # Old Implementation from [[open_issues/HurdExtras]]
 
 <http://www.nongnu.org/hurdextras/#procfs>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 378838ad9e7e724a1a3e8c8727f1ba65e995863a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 6 Oct 2010 22:51:02 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/procfs/jkoenig: New.

---
 hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn         | 24 +-----------
 hurd/translator/procfs/jkoenig.mdwn | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/procfs/jkoenig.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
index 80f822e3..70448e94 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs.mdwn
@@ -26,30 +26,8 @@ probably no point in trying to duplicate this functionality as well...)
 *Status*: Madhusudan.C.S has implemented a new, fully functional [[procfs|madhusudancs]] for
 [[GSoC 2008|community/gsoc/2008]].
 
-# New Implementation by Jérémie Koenig
 
-In August 2010, Jérémie Koenig [published another, new
-version](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2010-08/msg00165.html).
-This can be found in <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/procfs.git/>,
-branch *jkoenig/master*.
-
-Testing it is as simple as this:
-
-    $ git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/hurd/procfs.git
-    $ cd procfs/
-    $ git checkout jkoenig/master
-    $ make
-    $ settrans -ca proc procfs --compatible
-    $ ls -l proc/
-
-
-## Open Issues
-
-[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
-
-  * Files' permissions:
-
-        <pinotree> the only glitch is that files/dirs have the right user as owner, but always with root group
+# [[New Implementation by Jérémie Koenig|jkoenig]]
 
 
 # Old Implementation from [[open_issues/HurdExtras]]
diff --git a/hurd/translator/procfs/jkoenig.mdwn b/hurd/translator/procfs/jkoenig.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1275ce52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/procfs/jkoenig.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+In August 2010, Jérémie Koenig [published another, new
+version](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2010-08/msg00165.html).
+This can be found in <http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/procfs.git/>,
+branch *jkoenig/master*.
+
+Testing it is as simple as this:
+
+    $ git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/hurd/procfs.git
+    $ cd procfs/
+    $ git checkout jkoenig/master
+    $ make
+    $ settrans -ca proc procfs --compatible
+    $ ls -l proc/
+
+
+# Open Issues
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+  * IRC, #hurd, around September 2010
+
+        <youpi> jkoenig: from a quick read, your procfs implementation seems quite
+          simple, probably much more what I was expecting from Madhusudan (who probably
+          now hates you :) )
+        <youpi> jkoenig: is it not possible to provide a /proc/self which points at the
+          client's pid?
+        <pinotree> (also, shouldn't /proc/version say something else than "Linux"?)
+        <youpi> to make linux tools work, no :/
+        <youpi> kfreebsd does that too
+        <pinotree> really?
+        <youpi> yes
+        <youpi> (kfreebsd, not freebsd)
+        <pinotree> does kbsd's one print just "Linux version x.y.z" too, or something
+          more eg in a second line?
+        <pinotree> (as curiosity)
+        <youpi> % cat /proc/version
+        <youpi> Linux version 2.6.16 (des@freebsd.org) (gcc version 4.3.5) #4 Sun Dec
+          18 04:30:00 CET 1977
+        <pinotree> k
+        <giselher> I had some problems with killall5 to read the pid from /proc, Is
+          this now more reliable?
+        <youpi> I haven't tested with jkoenig's implementation
+        [...]
+        <pinotree> looks like he did 'self' too, see rootdir_entries[] in rootdir.c
+        <youpi> but it doesn't point at self
+        <antrik> youpi: there is no way to provide /proc/self, because the server
+          doesn't know the identity of the client
+        <youpi> :/
+        <antrik> youpi: using the existing mechanisms, we would need another magic
+          lookup type
+        <antrik> an alternative idea I discussed with cfhammer once would be for the
+          client to voluntarily provide it's identity to the server... but that would
+          be a rather fundamental change that requires careful consideration
+        <antrik> also, object migration could be used, so the implementation would be
+          provided by the server, but the execution would happen in the client... but
+          that's even more involved :-)
+        <youpi> but we've seen how much that'd help with a lot of other stuff
+        <antrik> I'm not sure whether we discussed this on the ML at some point, or
+          only on IRC
+        <youpi> it "just" needs to be commited :)
+        <antrik> in either case, it can't hurt to bring this up again :-)
+
+  * IRC, #hurd, around October 2010
+
+        <pinotree> the only glitch is that files/dirs have the right user as
+          owner, but always with root group
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b4479c6803f6cb8f13c96b53fd71b6a27b0b4a8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 6 Oct 2010 23:04:23 +0200
Subject: hurd/debugging/trap_in_the_kernel: New.

---
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                    |  4 +++-
 hurd/debugging/trap_in_the_kernel.mdwn | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/debugging/trap_in_the_kernel.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 36ab769a..4085244b 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -20,3 +21,4 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * [[glibc]]
   * [[translator]]s
+  * [[trap_in_the_kernel]]
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/trap_in_the_kernel.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/trap_in_the_kernel.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11f989e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/debugging/trap_in_the_kernel.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gnumach open_issue_documentation]]
+
+IRC, #hurd, September 2010
+
+    <diegonc> when an application executes an out instruction in user mode, how is
+      kernel mode entered? general protection trap?
+    <youpi> some sort of trap, yes
+    <youpi> I'd rather think about illegal instruction, but yes
+    <diegonc> hm.. so to debug what happens inside that instruction I'll have to
+      break at the trap handler. Can I instruct kdb to stop only when a given task
+      caused the trap?
+    <youpi> applications usually don't trap, so what I usually do is to uncomment
+      the test at the end of user_trap() before the call to kdb_trap()
+    <diegonc> "if (debug_all_traps_with_kdb && .. " <- that test?
+    <youpi> yes
+    <youpi> so comment the test to make kdb_trap() called all the time
+    <diegonc> oh, I understand now :)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 30a9d6e8afd1b8593cef9783509aae385407e1e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Thu, 7 Oct 2010 00:12:16 +0200
Subject: open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_rpcs: New.

---
 hurd/translator.mdwn                                |  2 +-
 ...network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_rpcs.mdwn | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_rpcs.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index dd5c5b4d..c3ca1278 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
 
   * [[wishlist_1]]
   * [[wishlist_2]]
-
+  * [[open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_RPCs]]
 
 # Internally
 
diff --git a/open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_rpcs.mdwn b/open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_rpcs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de1d63a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_rpcs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
+
+    <jkoenig> btw, it should be possible to implement a network "filesystem" by
+      just forwarding RPCs over the network, right?
+    <jkoenig> (of course auth would be an additional concern)
+    <jkoenig> that would open all kinds of possibilities, possibly.
+    <LarstiQ> jkoenig: plan9?
+    <jkoenig> I don't know much about plan9 yet. I seem to remember some mach
+      extension for network transparency being mentionned somewhere..
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ad64e320686bc668e5a89bfde7fae4bd14aff614 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Thu, 14 Oct 2010 13:09:36 +0200
Subject: open_issues/latrace: New.

---
 hurd/debugging.mdwn      |  5 +++++
 open_issues/latrace.mdwn | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 open_issues/latrace.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index 4085244b..d6c5b18f 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ is included in the section entitled
 * [[subhurd]] -- running another Hurd system in parallel
 * [[rpctrace]] -- tracing [[RPC]]s
 
+## To Do
+
+  * [[open_issues/ltrace]]
+  * [[open_issues/latrace]]
+  * [[open_issues/profiling]]
 
 # About Specific Packages
 
diff --git a/open_issues/latrace.mdwn b/open_issues/latrace.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5a2928c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/latrace.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Check whether <http://people.redhat.com/jolsa/latrace/> works.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e7688db4b05a6dc716f2c2a1ba04cb0d2a1605b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jd823592 <jd823592@web>
Date: Mon, 18 Oct 2010 16:38:29 +0000
Subject:

---
 hurd/dde/guide.mdwn | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn b/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
index 72294629..56f7683c 100644
--- a/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/dde/guide.mdwn
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ reboot back to hurd (multiuser)
 
 > $ nano forcedeth.c
 
-add these 2 lines after the last #include
+add this line after the last #include
 
     #include <ddekit/timer.h>
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c66c60403a40b9dd0ea105e63b9a34a4ee56ba84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 19 Oct 2010 11:32:00 +0200
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion: cross-gnu has been moved to
 the incubator some time ago.

---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn | 26 --------------------------
 1 file changed, 26 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index dbe317ad..00000000
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-What happens if the external link goes down? Is there any way to store files
-within the wiki itself? --[[vincentvikram]]
-
-> You can store files in the wiki if you have direct access to the Git
-> repository.
-
-> I'm not sure I'd like arbitrary people to be able to store files in the wiki,
-> as that might be abused easily and once a file is stored in the Git
-> repository, there's no clean way to get rid of it anymore.  Of course, there
-> are valid cases for adding raw files, then you can always send me a link and
-> ask me to add that file.
-
-> Now, as for the `cross-gnu` shell script, as I said: it will eventually be
-> made part of the Hurd CVS repository.
-
-> --[[tschwinge]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3c6af50a5777f78b16b71fbeb28445d4af40ef4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 19 Oct 2010 11:57:21 +0200
Subject: Reorganize some toolchain pages.

---
 binutils.mdwn                      |  22 +++-
 gcc.mdwn                           |  20 +++-
 glibc.mdwn                         |  27 ++++-
 hurd.mdwn                          |   4 +-
 hurd/binutils.mdwn                 |  11 +-
 hurd/building.mdwn                 |  10 +-
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 205 +-----------------------------------
 hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn          |  11 +-
 hurd/gcc.mdwn                      |  12 +--
 hurd/toolchain.mdwn                |  15 +--
 libpthread.mdwn                    |  17 ++-
 news/2010-04-30.mdwn               |   3 +-
 open_issues/ifunc.mdwn             |   7 +-
 open_issues/nightly_builds.mdwn    |   4 +-
 tag.mdwn                           |   2 +-
 toolchain.mdwn                     |  27 +++++
 toolchain/cross-gnu.mdwn           | 206 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 17 files changed, 348 insertions(+), 255 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 toolchain.mdwn
 create mode 100644 toolchain/cross-gnu.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/binutils.mdwn b/binutils.mdwn
index 3ce28bb1..00926a44 100644
--- a/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/binutils.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,4 +9,21 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The [GNU Binutils](http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/).
+[[!meta title="GNU Binutils"]]
+
+
+# <http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/>
+
+
+# Specifics
+
+Actually *non-*specifics: as these tools primarily deal with low-level parts of
+the target architecture and the object file format (ELF ABI), which are
+essentially (at least meant to be) the same, there shouldn't be many
+differences comparing the binutils between the GNU/Hurd and GNU/Linux ports,
+for example.
+
+
+# Open Issues
+
+[[!inline pages=tag/open_issue_binutils raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/gcc.mdwn b/gcc.mdwn
index 81a2a357..2192ab54 100644
--- a/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
 Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
@@ -9,6 +9,22 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The [GNU Compiler Collection](http://gcc.gnu.org/).
+[[!meta title="GNU Compiler Collection"]]
+
+
+# http://gcc.gnu.org/
 
   * [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_gcc]]
+
+
+# Specifics
+
+Actually mostly *non-*specifics: apart from the target-specific configuration
+machinery, there shouldn't be any major differences within GCC between the
+GNU/Hurd and GNU/Linux ports, for example.  Especially all the compiler magic
+is all the same.
+
+
+# Open Issues
+
+[[!inline pages=tag/open_issue_gcc raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index c7e5eeb7..cefbb19c 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,4 +9,26 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The [GNU C Library](http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/).
+[[!meta title="GNU C Library"]]
+
+
+# <http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/>
+
+
+## Sources
+
+For concenience, we maintain our own [[source
+repository|source_repositories/glibc]].
+
+
+# Specifics
+
+Porting glibc to a specific architecture is non-trivial.
+
+
+## [[Hurd-specific Port|hurd/glibc]]
+
+
+# Open Issues
+
+[[!inline pages=tag/open_issue_glibc raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 24610f97..18748229 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -75,15 +75,13 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 
 * [[Contributing]]
 
-* [[Building]]
-  * [[building/Cross-Compiling]]
-
 * [[Open Issues|tag/open_issue_hurd]]
 
 # Developer References
 
 * [[Rules]]
 * [[Trackers]]
+* [[Building]]
 * [[Toolchain]]
     * [[glibc]]
 * RPC [[Interface]]s
diff --git a/hurd/binutils.mdwn b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
index 76b0ae60..f9266448 100644
--- a/hurd/binutils.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/binutils.mdwn
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[General_information|/binutils]] about the binutils.
-
-There shouldn't be any differences within the binutils between, for example,
-the GNU/Hurd and GNU/Linux ports.
+[[!meta redir=/binutils]]
diff --git a/hurd/building.mdwn b/hurd/building.mdwn
index 01586c84..1674b770 100644
--- a/hurd/building.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building.mdwn
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ do what you expect it to do is the highest if you try building from the Debian
 source packages.  This is especially true if you want to use your compilation
 within a Debian system.
 
+Note that for building code to run on GNU/Hurd systems, you need a toolchain
+for the GNU Hurd.  You can either compile on a GNU/Hurd system, or need a
+cross-compiler targeting GNU/Hurd.  Our [[toolchain page|toolchain]] has the
+details.
+
+
 ## Getting the Source Code
 
 You can chose between getting the [sources from the developers's
@@ -93,10 +99,6 @@ to `make`:
 This will automatically build all libraries that are required to build the
 requested server or library.
 
-### Cross Compiling
-
-Read about [[cross-compiling]].
-
 
 ## RPC IDs
 
diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index d5beade9..1ecfd0bd 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -1,208 +1,11 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-# `cross-gnu`
-
-[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
-complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
-
-Find it in the [[source repositories/incubator]], *cross-gnu* branch.
-
-
-## Using
-
-Read through it.  Understand it.  Only then use it by following the next steps.
-
-
-## Status
-
-/!\ Please note that these cross toolchains does not yet encompass all of the
-functionality that native toolchains provide.  For example, there is only
-support for C and C++ so far, but not for other languages.  A bunch of fixes /
-enhancements of [[glibc]] are missing.  We're working towards minimizing these
-differences, as well as towards pushing all patches upstream.
-
-
-### Supported Versions of Source Packages
-
-The following ones are known to work.  Others may work as well, but no
-guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
-
-  * `src/binutils`: [[GNU_Binutils|binutils]]
-
-      * CVS `binutils-2_20-branch`
-
-            $ mkdir binutils-2_20-branch
-            $ cd binutils-2_20-branch/
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
-                co -r binutils-2_20-branch binutils
-
-        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_20-branch/src/`.  Also use the above
-        commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
-
-      * Release of the 2.20 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/>
-        should also be fine.
-
-  * `src/gcc`: [[GNU_Compiler_Collection|gcc]]
-
-      * SVN `gcc-4_5-branch`
-
-            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_5-branch
-
-        Patches:
-
-          * <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2010-04/msg00602.html>
-
-        Prepare:
-
-            $ ( cd gcc-4_5-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
-
-      * SVN `gcc-4_4-branch`
-
-            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_4-branch
-
-        Patches:
-
-          * <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2010-04/msg00602.html>
-
-        Prepare:
-
-            $ ( cd gcc-4_4-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
-
-      * Releases of the 4.5 and 4.4 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
-        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
-        `gcc-4_5-branch` needs.
-
-  * `src/gnumach`: [[GNU_Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
-
-      * Git `master` branch
-
-            $ git clone ↩
-                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git gnumach
-
-        Prepare:
-
-            $ ( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vi )
-
-  * `src/mig`: [[microkernel/mach/mig/GNU_MIG]]
-
-      * Git `master` branch
-
-            $ git clone ↩
-                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/mig.git mig
-
-        Prepare:
-
-            $ ( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vi )
-
-  * `src/hurd`: [[GNU_Hurd|hurd]]
-
-      * Git `master` branch
-
-            $ git clone ↩
-                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/hurd.git hurd
-
-  * `src/libpthread`: [[libpthread]]
-
-      * Git `tschwinge/Peter_Herbolzheimer` branch
-
-            $ git clone --no-checkout ↩
-                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/libpthread.git libpthread
-            $ cd libpthread/
-            $ git checkout origin/tschwinge/Peter_Herbolzheimer
-
-  * `src/glibc`: [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]]
-
-      * Git `tschwinge/Roger_Whittaker` branch
-
-            $ git clone --no-checkout ↩
-                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/glibc.git glibc
-            $ cd glibc/
-            $ git checkout origin/tschwinge/Roger_Whittaker
-
-<!--
-
-  * `src/gdb`: [[GNU_Debugger|gdb]]
-
-    This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
-
-      * CVS `gdb_6_6-branch`
-
-            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
-              co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
-            $ mv src gdb_6_6-branch
-
-        Also needs some patch because of MIG changes, if I remember correctly.
-
-      * Recent tarballs from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/> should also work.
-
--->
-
-
-### Preparation
-
-Unpack the tarballs if you downloaded any.
-
-Create a directory where the cross build shall be rooted in and a `src`
-subdirectory in there.  Then create symbolic links for every of the above
-packages: from `src/PACKAGE` to where you stored or unpacked it.  If you don't
-intend to build several cross compilers or use the source trees otherwise, you
-can also directly store the source trees in `src/`.  The source trees can be
-shared between multiple cross build trees since the packages' build systems are
-supposed not to modify the files in the source trees.  Not all packages adhere
-to that, but they fail to do so only for pre-processed documentation, etc.
-
-Either make sure that `cross-gnu-env` and `cross-gnu` are found in `$PATH`
-(`~/bin/`, for example) or alternatively remember to use their full paths in
-the following.
-
-The system you're running the script on (the *build* system) needs to have a
-basic compiling environment installed, i.e., a C compiler with the basic
-libraries and `make`.  You might also need `flex` and `bison`.  For building
-recent version of GCC (4.3 onwards)
-you'll need to have development packages of GMP and MPFR installed.
-
-
-### Setting Up the Environment
-
-Do this every time you intend to use the cross compiler:
-
-    $ ROOT=to/the/cross/build/root
-    $ . cross-gnu-env
-
-This will set several environment variables, which are later used by (a) the
-`cross-gnu` script and (b) by you, the user of the cross compiler.  `$TARGET`
-will be set by the script, `$PATH` will be adjusted, etc.  See the
-`cross-gnu-env` file for all environment variables that are set, as well as
-their default values.  `$ROOT` will be made an absolute path if it isn't
-already.
-
-Later, you'll be able to do things like `../configure --host="$TARGET"` and the
-cross compiler will be found automatically.
-
-
-### Creating the Cross Build Environment
-
-After setting up the environemt, just run `cross-gnu` and watch the messages
-flow by.  In the end you should see a message: *[...]/cross-gnu: Everything
-should be in place now.*
-
-
-### Staying Up-To-Date
-
-You can re-run `cross-gnu` to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
-changed since the last run.  This will save a lot of time compared to starting
-from scratch again.  Also, it is especially useful if you aren't working with
-unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's / SVN's / Git's branches or want to quickly get
-a new toolchain
-with patches you applied to the source trees.  However: do *not* use this
-technique when doing major changes to the source trees, like switching from GCC
-4.4 to GCC 4.5.
+[[!meta redir=/toolchain/cross-gnu]]
diff --git a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
index 905dd0da..e9817132 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging/glibc.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ glibc have been done.
 
 First step is having the build of glibc succeed.  This is actually more
 difficult than one might expect as it involves (towards the end of the build
-process -- unless you are [[building/cross-compiling]], of course -- that the
+process -- unless you are cross-compiling, of course -- that the
 newly created libraries and loader actually work: they'll be used to run the
 `rpcgen` program.  If that step doesn't succeed, it'll look similar to this:
 
@@ -25,12 +26,10 @@ newly created libraries and loader actually work: they'll be used to run the
 
 ---
 
-Unless [[building/cross-compiling]], the next thing you'll probably want to do
+Unless cross-compiling, the next thing you'll probably want to do
 is running the test suite, or parts of it.
 
-Here is a list of known failures:
-
-[TODO].
+There is a list of [[known failures|open_issues/glibc_testsuite]].
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/hurd/gcc.mdwn b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
index 53b5e071..129aa8a9 100644
--- a/hurd/gcc.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/gcc.mdwn
@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-[[General_information|/gcc]] about the GCC.
-
-Apart from the target-specific configuration machinery, there shouldn't be any
-major differences within GCC between, for example, the GNU/Hurd and GNU/Linux
-ports.  Especially all the compiler magic is all the same.
+[[!meta redir=/gcc]]
diff --git a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
index 8b852089..91d49b2c 100644
--- a/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-* [[binutils]]
-* [[GCC]]
-* [[glibc]]
-
-Before beginning to work on the inner parts of the GNU/Hurd toolchain, it's
-always profitable to also know how things are done on other systems.  Compare,
-for example, how things are done differently for GNU/Hurd than they are done
-for GNU/Linux.
+[[!meta redir=/toolchain]]
diff --git a/libpthread.mdwn b/libpthread.mdwn
index f6210706..b31876b3 100644
--- a/libpthread.mdwn
+++ b/libpthread.mdwn
@@ -10,10 +10,21 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="POSIX Threading Library"]]
 
-Used by / ported to the [[Hurd]] on [[GNU Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]], some
-[[microkernel/L4]] variants, and [[microkernel/Viengoos]].
+
+# Sources
+
+<http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd/libpthread.git/>
+
+
+# Specifics
+
+Porting libpthread to a specific architecture is non-trivial.
+
+Our libpthread is currently used by / ported to the [[Hurd]] on [[GNU
+Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]], some [[microkernel/L4]] variants, and
+[[microkernel/Viengoos]].
 
 
 # Open Issues
 
-  * [[tag/open_issue_libpthread]]
+[[!inline pages=tag/open_issue_libpthread raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/news/2010-04-30.mdwn b/news/2010-04-30.mdwn
index 131af4ea..254ceb99 100644
--- a/news/2010-04-30.mdwn
+++ b/news/2010-04-30.mdwn
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ else="[[!paste id=full_news]]"]]
 > package (and these are meant to eventually be submitted upstream).  After a
 > long break, he as well
 > [updated](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-hurd/2010-04/msg00062.html)
-> his [[toolchain_cross-compilation_script|hurd/building/cross-compiling]] to
+> his toolchain cross-compilation script [[`cross-gnu`|toolchain/cross-gnu]]
+> to
 > the current source code packages, and added C++ support.
 
 > On to the Google Summer of Code 2010: we got three students working on the
diff --git a/open_issues/ifunc.mdwn b/open_issues/ifunc.mdwn
index f005a409..a3c30dc2 100644
--- a/open_issues/ifunc.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/ifunc.mdwn
@@ -10,5 +10,8 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!tag open_issue_binutils open_issue_gcc open_issue_glibc]]
 
-Needs porting / support in binutils and glibc, and probably also some [target
-configure magic for GCC support](http://nickclifton.livejournal.com/6612.html).
+Needs porting / support in [[/binutils]] and [[/glibc]], and probably also some
+target configure magic for [[/GCC]].
+
+<http://nickclifton.livejournal.com/6612.html> has a short summary about how to
+use it from GCC.
diff --git a/open_issues/nightly_builds.mdwn b/open_issues/nightly_builds.mdwn
index fb85cee1..506697bb 100644
--- a/open_issues/nightly_builds.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/nightly_builds.mdwn
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-We'd like to have nightly builds for the whole toolchain, and then do some
+We'd like to have nightly builds for the whole [[toolchain]], and then do some
 automatic [[unit_testing]] on them.
 
 Resources:
 
-  * the [[hurd/building/cross-compiling]] script
+  * [[toolchain/cross-gnu]]
 
   * As reported in the [[news/2010-05-31]] news, there's Hydra doing nightly
     builds / Nix packages.
diff --git a/tag.mdwn b/tag.mdwn
index 590d5d3a..e96e88d5 100644
--- a/tag.mdwn
+++ b/tag.mdwn
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Most of them should be self-explanatory.
   * *open_issue_porting*
 
     A list of open issues in porting software to run on GNU/Hurd systems.  This
-    list also includes [[hurd/toolchain]]-level items, items that are either
+    list also includes [[toolchain]]-level items, items that are either
     already solved in [[Debian GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] systems (tagged
     *fixed_in_debian*) or being worked around, so if you're out for working on
     application-level porting issues, then perusing through the list of
diff --git a/toolchain.mdwn b/toolchain.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b08dba95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolchain.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[binutils]]
+
+  * [[GCC]]
+
+  * [[glibc]]
+
+  * [[libpthread]]
+
+
+Before beginning to work on the inner parts of the GNU/Hurd toolchain, it's
+always profitable to also know how things are done on other systems.  Compare,
+for example, how things are done differently for GNU/Hurd than they are done
+for GNU/Linux.
+
+
+  * [[cross-gnu]]
diff --git a/toolchain/cross-gnu.mdwn b/toolchain/cross-gnu.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62c55a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolchain/cross-gnu.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]] has written a shell script for building a
+complete cross-build environment for GNU/Hurd systems.
+
+Find it in the [[source_repositories/incubator]], *cross-gnu* branch.
+
+
+# Using
+
+Read through it.  Understand it.  Only then use it by following the next steps.
+
+
+# Status
+
+/!\ Please note that these cross toolchains does not yet encompass all of the
+functionality that native toolchains provide.  For example, there is only
+support for C and C++ so far, but not for other languages.  A bunch of fixes /
+enhancements of [[glibc]] are missing.  We're working towards minimizing these
+differences, as well as towards pushing all patches upstream.
+
+
+## Supported Versions of Source Packages
+
+The following ones are known to work.  Others may work as well, but no
+guarantee is given.  Always the preferred version is listed first.
+
+  * [[`src/binutils`|binutils]]
+
+      * CVS `binutils-2_20-branch`
+
+            $ mkdir binutils-2_20-branch
+            $ cd binutils-2_20-branch/
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
+                co -r binutils-2_20-branch binutils
+
+        The sources are rooted in `binutils-2_20-branch/src/`.  Also use the above
+        commands for updating, instead of the usual `cvs update`.
+
+      * Release of the 2.20 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/>
+        should also be fine.
+
+  * [[`src/gcc`|gcc]]
+
+      * SVN `gcc-4_5-branch`
+
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_5-branch
+
+        Patches:
+
+          * <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2010-04/msg00602.html>
+
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_5-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
+      * SVN `gcc-4_4-branch`
+
+            $ svn co svn://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_4-branch
+
+        Patches:
+
+          * <http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2010-04/msg00602.html>
+
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd gcc-4_4-branch/ && contrib/gcc_update --touch )
+
+      * Releases of the 4.5 and 4.4 series from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
+        should also be fine, but need the same set of patches as the
+        `gcc-4_5-branch` needs.
+
+  * [[`src/gnumach`|microkernel/mach/gnumach]]
+
+      * Git `master` branch
+
+            $ git clone ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/gnumach.git gnumach
+
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd gnumach/ && autoreconf -vi )
+
+  * [[`src/mig`|microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig]]
+
+      * Git `master` branch
+
+            $ git clone ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/mig.git mig
+
+        Prepare:
+
+            $ ( cd mig/ && autoreconf -vi )
+
+  * [[`src/hurd`|hurd]]
+
+      * Git `master` branch
+
+            $ git clone ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/hurd.git hurd
+
+  * [[`src/libpthread`|libpthread]]
+
+      * Git `tschwinge/Peter_Herbolzheimer` branch
+
+            $ git clone --no-checkout ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/libpthread.git libpthread
+            $ cd libpthread/
+            $ git checkout origin/tschwinge/Peter_Herbolzheimer
+
+  * [[`src/glibc`|glibc]]
+
+      * Git `tschwinge/Roger_Whittaker` branch
+
+            $ git clone --no-checkout ↩
+                git://git.sv.gnu.org/hurd/glibc.git glibc
+            $ cd glibc/
+            $ git checkout origin/tschwinge/Roger_Whittaker
+
+<!--
+
+  * [[`src/gdb`|gdb]]
+
+    This is optional and will only be compiled if present.
+
+      * CVS `gdb_6_6-branch`
+
+            $ cvs -d:pserver:anoncvs@sources.redhat.com:/cvs/src ↩
+              co -r gdb_6_6-branch gdb
+            $ mv src gdb_6_6-branch
+
+        Also needs some patch because of MIG changes, if I remember correctly.
+
+      * Recent tarballs from <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/> should also work.
+
+-->
+
+
+## Preparation
+
+Unpack the tarballs if you downloaded any.
+
+Create a directory where the cross build shall be rooted in and a `src`
+subdirectory in there.  Then create symbolic links for every of the above
+packages: from `src/PACKAGE` to where you stored or unpacked it.  If you don't
+intend to build several cross compilers or use the source trees otherwise, you
+can also directly store the source trees in `src/`.  The source trees can be
+shared between multiple cross build trees since the packages' build systems are
+supposed not to modify the files in the source trees.  Not all packages adhere
+to that, but they fail to do so only for pre-processed documentation, etc.
+
+Either make sure that `cross-gnu-env` and `cross-gnu` are found in `$PATH`
+(`~/bin/`, for example) or alternatively remember to use their full paths in
+the following.
+
+The system you're running the script on (the *build* system) needs to have a
+basic compiling environment installed, i.e., a C compiler with the basic
+libraries and `make`.  You might also need `flex` and `bison`.  For building
+recent version of GCC (4.3 onwards)
+you'll need to have development packages of GMP and MPFR installed.
+
+
+## Setting Up the Environment
+
+Do this every time you intend to use the cross compiler:
+
+    $ ROOT=to/the/cross/build/root
+    $ . cross-gnu-env
+
+This will set several environment variables, which are later used by (a) the
+`cross-gnu` script and (b) by you, the user of the cross compiler.  `$TARGET`
+will be set by the script, `$PATH` will be adjusted, etc.  See the
+`cross-gnu-env` file for all environment variables that are set, as well as
+their default values.  `$ROOT` will be made an absolute path if it isn't
+already.
+
+Later, you'll be able to do things like `../configure --host="$TARGET"` and the
+cross compiler will be found automatically.
+
+
+## Creating the Cross Build Environment
+
+After setting up the environemt, just run `cross-gnu` and watch the messages
+flow by.  In the end you should see a message: *[...]/cross-gnu: Everything
+should be in place now.*
+
+
+## Staying Up-To-Date
+
+You can re-run `cross-gnu` to rebuild the parts of the sources that have
+changed since the last run.  This will save a lot of time compared to starting
+from scratch again.  Also, it is especially useful if you aren't working with
+unpacked tarballs, but on CVS's / SVN's / Git's branches or want to quickly get
+a new toolchain
+with patches you applied to the source trees.  However: do *not* use this
+technique when doing major changes to the source trees, like switching from GCC
+4.4 to GCC 4.5.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0d41c97e727159917752e7d9f18dbb7a018d157d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2010 22:37:54 +0200
Subject: hurd/translator/ext2fs/large_stores: Copyright as per Ogi's email.

<bug-hurd@gnu.org>, 2010-09-08.
---
 hurd/translator/ext2fs/large_stores.txt | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/translator/ext2fs/large_stores.txt b/hurd/translator/ext2fs/large_stores.txt
index e17a02a5..6e7ffc6f 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/ext2fs/large_stores.txt
+++ b/hurd/translator/ext2fs/large_stores.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
 This is -*- mode: outline -*-
 
 * Introduction
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8c808d2fc35892210492128eafe72cffbbc5766f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 23 Oct 2010 23:50:00 +0200
Subject: open_issues/linux_vmsig: New.

---
 hurd/libpager.mdwn           |  7 ++++++-
 open_issues/linux_vmsig.mdwn | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 open_issues/linux_vmsig.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libpager.mdwn b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
index c9a1c0b6..99f28f2a 100644
--- a/hurd/libpager.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libpager.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -14,3 +15,7 @@ Mach [[microkernel/mach/IPC]]'s [[microkernel/mach/ipc/sequence_numbering]].
 
 [GNU Hurd Reference Manual: 4.2 Pager
 Library](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/doc/hurd_5.html#SEC32).
+
+# Open Issues
+
+  * [[open_issues/linux_vmsig]]
diff --git a/open_issues/linux_vmsig.mdwn b/open_issues/linux_vmsig.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4311d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/linux_vmsig.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Linux: vmsig"]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gnumach open_issue_hurd]]
+
+  * *cooperating with the VM when memory pressure increases*
+
+  * *notify user applications of virtual memory events via real-time signals*
+
+<http://www.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/bookmarking-collector/>, and discussion at
+<http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2391> and
+<http://marc.info/?t=113269321800003&r=1&w=2>.
+
+Found this via <http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/4094#comment-62100>, which
+was linked from [LWN](http://lwn.net/Articles/409416/).
+
+From a quick glance, this sounds to [[me|tschwinge]] quite a bit like
+mechanisms also found in (originating in?) Mach's
+[[microkernel/mach/external_pager_mechanism]].  May be worth having a look at
+it.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 33809298260e49428610a2000396494d6d30cf1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 27 Oct 2010 17:59:23 +0200
Subject: hurd/building/cross-compiling: Tag as stable_URL.

Huh, this is indeed linked to from external pages.  :-)
---
 hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
index 1ecfd0bd..73c19b4d 100644
--- a/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/building/cross-compiling.mdwn
@@ -8,4 +8,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[!tag stable_URL]]
+
 [[!meta redir=/toolchain/cross-gnu]]
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 11ab53a77367dc9ee6ffc70eccd31b17e610154a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:10:10 +0100
Subject: hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins: Issue has
 been fixed.

---
 hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
index 517d59dc..1a3c46e1 100644
--- a/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/running/debian/faq/sshd_only_works_for_root_logins.mdwn
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -8,6 +9,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+This isssue has been fixed in the Debian hurd / libc0.3 packages as of 2010-11.
+Retire this item sometime after 2011.
+
+---
+
 Privilege seperation does not work with Hurd currently.  You need to explicitely 
 set `PrivilegeSeparation` to `no` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_options`, just commenting out 
 the entry will not work as it is on by default.  Also make sure you have 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 512f1951ca41ef1a648a3b55d2ae44da059f5415 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 2010 21:11:45 +0100
Subject: hurd/advantages: Rewritten some bits, and extended.

---
 hurd/advantages.mdwn | 99 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 49 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/advantages.mdwn b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
index ba3a134b..254e33f6 100644
--- a/hurd/advantages.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
@@ -9,60 +9,59 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled
 [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet (yet),
-but it does have a number of enticing features:
+The GNU Hurd has a number of enticing features:
+
+It's free software, so anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the
+terms of the [[GNU General Public License (GPL)|GPL]].
+
+It's compatible as it provides a familiar programming and user environment.
+For all intents and purposes, the Hurd provides the same facilities as a modern
+Unix-like kernel.  The Hurd uses the [[GNU C Library|glibc]], whose development
+closely tracks standards such as ANSI/ISO, BSD, POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and
+X/Open.
+
+Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented structure
+that allows it to evolve without compromising its design.  This structure will
+help the Hurd undergo major redesign and modifications without having to be
+entirely rewritten.
+
+The Hurd is built in a very modular fashion.  Other Unix-like kernels (Linux,
+for example) are also modular in that they allow loading (and unloading) some
+components as kernel modules, but the Hurd goes one step further in that most
+of the components that constitute the whole kernel are running as separate
+user-space processes and are thus using different address spaces that are
+isolated from each other.  This is a multi-server design based on a
+[[microkernel]].  It is not possible that a faulty memory dereference inside
+the [[TCP/IP stack|translator/pfinet]] can bring down the whole kernel, and
+thus the whole system, which is a real problem in a monolothic Unix kernel
+architecture.
 
-  * **it's free software**
-    
-    Anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the terms of the
-    [[GNU_General_Public_License_(GPL)|GPL]]
-
-  * **it's compatible**
-
-    The Hurd provides a familiar programming and user environment.  For all
-    intents and purposes, the Hurd is a modern Unix-like kernel.  The Hurd uses
-    the [[GNU_C_Library|glibc]], whose development closely tracks standards
-    such as ANSI/ISO, BSD, POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and X/Open.
-
-  * **it's built to survive**
-
-    Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented
-    structure that allows it to evolve without compromising its design.  This
-    structure will help the Hurd undergo major redesign and modifications
-    without having to be entirely rewritten.
-
-  * **it's scalable**
-
-    The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that it runs
-    efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors.  The
-    Hurd interfaces are designed to allow transparent network clusters
-    (*collectives*), although this feature has not yet been implemented.
-
-  * **it's extensible**
-
-    The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel
-    hacker or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology.  Every part of
-    the system is designed to be modified and extended.
+One advantage of the Hurd's separation of kernel-like functionality into
+separate components ([[servers|translator]]) is that these can be constructed
+using different programming lanugages -- a feature that is not easily possible
+in a monolithic kernel.  Essentially, only an interface from the programming
+environment to the [[RPC]] mechanism is required.
 
-  * **it's stable**
+<!-- This is a bit questionable...
 
-    It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without
-    rebooting the machine (not even accidentally).  Running your own kernel
-    components doesn't interfere with other users, and so no special system
-    privileges are required.  The mechanism for kernel extensions is secure by
-    design: it is impossible to impose your changes upon other users unless
-    they authorize them or you are the system administrator.
+It's scalable.  The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that
+it runs efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors.
+The Hurd interfaces are designed to allow transparent network clusters
+(*collectives*), although this feature has not yet been implemented.
 
-  * **it exists**
+-->
 
-    The Hurd is real software that works Right Now.  It is not a research
-    project or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can start
-    using and developing it.
+The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel hacker
+or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology.  Every part of the system
+is designed to be easily modified and extended.
 
----
+It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without rebooting
+the machine.  Running your own kernel components doesn't interfere with other
+users, and so no special system privileges are required.  The mechanism for
+kernel extensions is secure by design: it is impossible to impose your changes
+upon other users unless they authorize them or you are the system
+administrator.
 
-One advantage of the Hurd's separation of kernel-like functionality into
-separate components ([[servers|translator]]) is that these can be constructed
-using different programming lanugages, a thing that is not easily possible in a
-monolithic kernel.  Essentially, only an interface from the programming
-environment to the RPC mechanism is required.
+The Hurd is real software that works right now.  It is not a research project
+or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can [[start
+using|running]] and [[developing|contributing]] it.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7cb762b6e691e22c0634f530a7054755ceb93e8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 2010 21:13:22 +0100
Subject: hurd/challenges: New.

---
 hurd.mdwn            |  2 +-
 hurd/challenges.mdwn | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 hurd/challenges.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn
index 18748229..18987760 100644
--- a/hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd.mdwn
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive.
 # Introduction
 
 * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] - A Brief Description
-* [[Advantages]]
+* [[Advantages]].  And [[challenges]].
 * [[History]]
     * [[history/Port_to_L4]]
 * [[Logo]]
diff --git a/hurd/challenges.mdwn b/hurd/challenges.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..640b95c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/challenges.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+<!-- Should this page, and [[advantages]] be in the top-level directory?  -->
+
+The GNU Hurd has a lot of [[advantages]], but there are challenges, too.
+
+There is no successful true multi-server [[microkernel]] system for desktop use
+yet.  Though, they are quite popular in the simpler embedded space.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8ef93773281cdcaf65c83c936da0618e30a0766f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2010 17:46:21 +0100
Subject: hurd/libihash: libstdc++ stuff.

---
 hurd/libihash.mdwn | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libihash.mdwn b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
index 770770c7..8da04095 100644
--- a/hurd/libihash.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libihash.mdwn
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
       * NNS; cf. f46f0abfee5a2b34451708f2462a1c3b1701facd
 
+  * libstdc++: `unordered_map`, `tr1/unordered_map`, `ext/hash_map`
+
   * <http://cmph.sourceforge.net/>
 
   * <http://libhashish.sourceforge.net/>
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1e67a761cbfa94a69cec2f5709d23d7983cd0fc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 2010 11:55:21 +0100
Subject: Talk about advantages, challenges, how many developers, why so few
 developers.

---
 advantages.mdwn                                    | 71 ++++++++++++++++++
 challenges.mdwn                                    | 21 ++++++
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn      |  2 +-
 faq/how_many_developers.mdwn                       | 25 +++++++
 faq/why_so_few_developers.mdwn                     | 27 +++++++
 hurd/advantages.mdwn                               | 67 -----------------
 hurd/challenges.mdwn                               | 16 ----
 index.mdwn                                         |  8 +-
 open_issues/benefits.mdwn                          | 86 ---------------------
 .../benefits_of_a_native_hurd_implementation.mdwn  | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 ...implementing_hurd_on_top_of_another_system.mdwn | 45 +++++------
 open_issues/multiprocessing.mdwn                   | 18 ++---
 tag.mdwn                                           |  5 ++
 13 files changed, 276 insertions(+), 202 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 advantages.mdwn
 create mode 100644 challenges.mdwn
 create mode 100644 faq/how_many_developers.mdwn
 create mode 100644 faq/why_so_few_developers.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/advantages.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/challenges.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 open_issues/benefits.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/benefits_of_a_native_hurd_implementation.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/advantages.mdwn b/advantages.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18e6506b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/advantages.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The GNU Hurd has a number of enticing features:
+
+It's free software, so anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the
+terms of the [[GNU General Public License (GPL)|GPL]].
+
+It's compatible as it provides a familiar programming and user environment.
+For all intents and purposes, the Hurd provides the same facilities as a modern
+[[Unix]]-like kernel.  The Hurd uses the [[GNU C Library|glibc]], whose
+development closely tracks standards such as ANSI/ISO, BSD, POSIX, Single Unix,
+SVID, and X/Open.
+
+Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented structure
+that allows it to evolve without compromising its design.  This structure will
+help the Hurd undergo major redesign and modifications without having to be
+entirely rewritten.
+
+The Hurd is built in a very modular fashion.  Other Unix-like kernels (Linux,
+for example) are also modular in that they allow loading (and unloading) some
+components as kernel modules, but the Hurd goes one step further in that most
+of the components that constitute the whole kernel are running as separate
+user-space processes and are thus using different address spaces that are
+isolated from each other.  This is a multi-server design based on a
+[[microkernel]].  It is not possible that a faulty memory dereference inside
+the [[TCP/IP stack|hurd/translator/pfinet]] can bring down the whole kernel,
+and thus the whole system, which is a real problem in a monolothic Unix kernel
+architecture.
+
+One advantage of the Hurd's separation of kernel-like functionality into
+separate components ([[servers|hurd/translator]]) is that these can be
+constructed using different programming lanugages -- a feature that is not
+easily possible in a monolithic kernel.  Essentially, only an interface from
+the programming environment to the [[RPC]] mechanism is required.  (We have a
+[[project proposal|community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings]] for this,
+if you're interested.)
+
+<!-- This is a bit questionable...
+
+It's scalable.  The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that
+it runs efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors.
+The Hurd interfaces are designed to allow transparent network clusters
+(*collectives*), although this feature has not yet been implemented.
+
+-->
+
+The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel hacker
+or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology.  Every part of the system
+is designed to be easily modified and extended.
+
+It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without rebooting
+the machine.  Running your own kernel components doesn't interfere with other
+users, and so no special system privileges are required.  The mechanism for
+kernel extensions is secure by design: it is impossible to impose your changes
+upon other users unless they authorize them or you are the system
+administrator.
+
+The Hurd is real software that works right now.  It is not a research project
+or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can [[start
+using|hurd/running]] and [[developing|contributing]] it.
+
+<!-- add stuff from hurd-talk.html -->
diff --git a/challenges.mdwn b/challenges.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5368ae4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/challenges.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The GNU Hurd has a lot of [[advantages]], but there are challenges, too.
+
+Even though they're quite popular in the simpler embedded space, there is no
+successful true multi-server [[microkernel]] system for general-purpose desktop
+use yet.  This is still an ongoing research effort.  (TODO: add references.)
+
+Likewise, resource scheduling in distributed operating system kernels is a
+research topic.  For example, read more about it on the relevant [[Open Issues
+page|open_issues/multiprocessing]].
+
+TODO: more to come.  [[!tag open_issue_documentation]]
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
index 460b380b..c8a02390 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/language_bindings.mdwn
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ However, in practice this is not as easy as it should, because creating
 translators and other servers is quite involved -- the interfaces for doing
 that are not exactly simple, and available only for C programs. Being able to
 easily create simple translators in RAD languages is highly desirable, to
-really be able to reap the advantages of the Hurd architecture.
+really be able to reap the [[advantages]] of the Hurd architecture.
 
 Originally Lisp was meant to be the second system language besides C in the GNU
 system; but that doesn't mean we are bound to Lisp. Bindings for any popular
diff --git a/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn b/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a553df21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="How many developers are working on the GNU Hurd?"]]
+
+Not many.  One handful work on it in their free time, and another two
+handful do help with [[Debian GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] and
+[[hurd/running/Arch_Hurd]] packaging.  Also, an additional handful of
+former developers are still availble for answering technical questions,
+but are not really participating in the current development anymore.
+
+For reaching out to new developers, we're participating in [[Google's
+Summer of Code program|community/gsoc]].  Likewise, any interested party
+(*you*!) are very welcome to start [[contributing]].  Mentoring is
+possible, too, to help you get started.
+
+Continue reading some speculation about [[why so few developers]] are working
+on the GNU Hurd.
diff --git a/faq/why_so_few_developers.mdwn b/faq/why_so_few_developers.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2740abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/faq/why_so_few_developers.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Why are there so few developers working on the GNU
+Hurd?"]]
+
+[[There aren't working a lot of people on the GNU
+Hurd|how_many_developers]].  Why is this?
+
+We can only speculate.  One major problem might be that the
+[[architectural benefits|advantages]] are generally perceived as very
+abstract, with little practical benefits.  We don't have many tools to
+present actually making use of the possibilities.
+
+Another reason is that it's been taking too long.  Most people don't
+believe it will ever be ready for production use, and thus would consider
+involvement a waste of time.  This latter point is invalid, of course, as
+learning can never be a waste of time.  The same holds for the
+[[challenges]] raised by the GNU Hurd -- we can only learn and improve
+upon working on them.
diff --git a/hurd/advantages.mdwn b/hurd/advantages.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 254e33f6..00000000
--- a/hurd/advantages.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-The GNU Hurd has a number of enticing features:
-
-It's free software, so anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the
-terms of the [[GNU General Public License (GPL)|GPL]].
-
-It's compatible as it provides a familiar programming and user environment.
-For all intents and purposes, the Hurd provides the same facilities as a modern
-Unix-like kernel.  The Hurd uses the [[GNU C Library|glibc]], whose development
-closely tracks standards such as ANSI/ISO, BSD, POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and
-X/Open.
-
-Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented structure
-that allows it to evolve without compromising its design.  This structure will
-help the Hurd undergo major redesign and modifications without having to be
-entirely rewritten.
-
-The Hurd is built in a very modular fashion.  Other Unix-like kernels (Linux,
-for example) are also modular in that they allow loading (and unloading) some
-components as kernel modules, but the Hurd goes one step further in that most
-of the components that constitute the whole kernel are running as separate
-user-space processes and are thus using different address spaces that are
-isolated from each other.  This is a multi-server design based on a
-[[microkernel]].  It is not possible that a faulty memory dereference inside
-the [[TCP/IP stack|translator/pfinet]] can bring down the whole kernel, and
-thus the whole system, which is a real problem in a monolothic Unix kernel
-architecture.
-
-One advantage of the Hurd's separation of kernel-like functionality into
-separate components ([[servers|translator]]) is that these can be constructed
-using different programming lanugages -- a feature that is not easily possible
-in a monolithic kernel.  Essentially, only an interface from the programming
-environment to the [[RPC]] mechanism is required.
-
-<!-- This is a bit questionable...
-
-It's scalable.  The Hurd implementation is aggressively multithreaded so that
-it runs efficiently on both single processors and symmetric multiprocessors.
-The Hurd interfaces are designed to allow transparent network clusters
-(*collectives*), although this feature has not yet been implemented.
-
--->
-
-The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel hacker
-or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology.  Every part of the system
-is designed to be easily modified and extended.
-
-It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without rebooting
-the machine.  Running your own kernel components doesn't interfere with other
-users, and so no special system privileges are required.  The mechanism for
-kernel extensions is secure by design: it is impossible to impose your changes
-upon other users unless they authorize them or you are the system
-administrator.
-
-The Hurd is real software that works right now.  It is not a research project
-or a proposal.  You don't have to wait at all before you can [[start
-using|running]] and [[developing|contributing]] it.
diff --git a/hurd/challenges.mdwn b/hurd/challenges.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 640b95c9..00000000
--- a/hurd/challenges.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-<!-- Should this page, and [[advantages]] be in the top-level directory?  -->
-
-The GNU Hurd has a lot of [[advantages]], but there are challenges, too.
-
-There is no successful true multi-server [[microkernel]] system for desktop use
-yet.  Though, they are quite popular in the simpler embedded space.
diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn
index 249b2091..9520a438 100644
--- a/index.mdwn
+++ b/index.mdwn
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ computing environment as possible.
 
 ---
 
-[[!toc]]
+[[!toc levels=2]]
 
 
 ## News
@@ -122,6 +122,12 @@ For more details, please read our writeup on the
 [[current_state_of_the_GNU_Hurd|hurd/status]]. 
 
 
+### Advantages and Challenges
+
+The GNU Hurd operating system design provides [[advantages]], but uncovers new
+[[challenges]], too.
+
+
 ## How is this site arranged?
 
 The menu on the upper right corner provides a rough structuring about the
diff --git a/open_issues/benefits.mdwn b/open_issues/benefits.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index da1248c8..00000000
--- a/open_issues/benefits.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!tag open_issue_documentation]]
-
-What are the benefits of a native GNU/Hurd system, now that Linux et al. can do
-so much (think [[hurd/translator]]s: FUSE, [[hurd/subhurd]]s: User-Mode-Linux,
-etc.).
-
-It is possible to begin [[implementing_Hurd_on_top_of_another_system]], but...
-
-IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
-
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: but Neal and I were not happy with that alone.  We were
-      looking for deeper improvements to the system, for, I think, sound reasons.
-      That is what brought us to the L4/Coyotos technologies
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: as you are writing a kernel in user space, you can still do
-      kernel improvements there
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: if you take it very far, you end up with a kernel that runs
-      Linux in user space (just flip the two) for the drivers
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: that is what the L4 people did with the DDE
-
-([[DDE]])
-
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: so, with these different cuts, there are different
-      opportunities.  on the one end, you can run Linux as normal and get some of
-      the Hurd features such as translators in some programs.  At the other end,
-      you can do whatever you want and run some linux code for the drivers or none
-      at all.
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: one of the big questions then becomes: at which point can
-      the advantages offered by the Hurd be realized?
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: and that's not entirely clear to me
-    <marcusb> when I worked on this with Neal, we pushed further and further into
-      need-to-change-everything land
-    <marcusb> while the current efforts on the Hurd seem to be more equivalent to
-      the could-run-it-in-userspace-on-top-of-Linux camp
-    <ArneBab> marcusb: for that I think we need a way to move towards them step by
-      step. Would it be possible to get the advantages of better resource
-      allocation with a Viengoos in userspace, too?
-    <ArneBab> and when that is stable, just switch over?
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: I don't know.  I suspect these people will know before us:
-      http://lxc.sourceforge.net/
-    <ArneBab> something like implementing flip points: flip Linux with Hurd to Hund
-      with Linux. Flip Mach with L4 to L4 with Mach.
-    <ArneBab> lxc sounds interesting.
-    <marcusb> note that these efforts address security concerns more than other
-      concerns
-    <marcusb> so they will get isolation long before sharing is even considered
-    <marcusb> but some of the issues are the same
-    <marcusb> once you allow malware to do what it wants, it's a small step to also
-      allow the user to what he wants :)
-    <ArneBab> it kinda looks like hacking it where it doesn’t really fit again…
-    <ArneBab> there I ask myself when the point comes that doing a cleaner design
-      offsets the popularity
-    <ArneBab> they are pushing more and more stuff into userspace
-    <ArneBab> which is a good thing (to me)
-    <ArneBab> it’s hard to clearly describe how, but even though I like having more
-      stuff in userspace, the way it is bolted onto Linux doesn’t feel good for me.
-    <ArneBab> FUSE is cool, but if I use it, I am at a disadvantage compared to a
-      non-fuse user
-    <ArneBab> while in the Hurd, these additional options are on eqal footing.
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: are they pushing more and more into user space?  I don't
-      think so.  I see more of the reverse, actually
-    <marcusb> or maybe both
-    <ArneBab> FUSE, lxd and scheduling in userspace move to userspace
-    <ArneBab> well, KMS moved to the kernel
-    <ArneBab> to avoid flickering when switching between X and the console?
-    <ArneBab> marcusb: Do you experience FUSE lxc and such being secondclass in
-      Linux, too, or is that just a strange feeling of me?
-    <ArneBab> marcusb: and that splits the users into those who can get stuff into
-      the kernel and those who can only work in userspace – which I don’t really
-      like.
-    <ArneBab> That’s one more advantage of the Hurd: eqal footing for all (except
-      the Mach hackers, but they have a very limited terrain)
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: but UML kernel module is minimal, and Linus didn't have a
-      principled objection to it (but just wanted a more general solution)
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: as a side note, although people keep complaining, the linux
-      kernel seems to be growing steadily, so getting stuff into the kernel doesn't
-      seem too hard.  8-O
diff --git a/open_issues/benefits_of_a_native_hurd_implementation.mdwn b/open_issues/benefits_of_a_native_hurd_implementation.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34e49e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/benefits_of_a_native_hurd_implementation.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_documentation]]
+
+What are the benefits of a native GNU/Hurd system, now that Linux et al. can do
+so much? Think [[hurd/translator]]s: FUSE, [[hurd/subhurd]]s: User-Mode-Linux
+and other virtualization techiques, and so on.
+
+It is possible to begin [[implementing_Hurd_on_top_of_another_system]], but...
+
+IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
+
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: but Neal and I were not happy with that alone.  We were
+      looking for deeper improvements to the system, for, I think, sound
+      reasons.  That is what brought us to the L4/Coyotos technologies
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: as you are writing a kernel in user space, you can still
+      do kernel improvements there
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: if you take it very far, you end up with a kernel that
+      runs Linux in user space (just flip the two) for the drivers
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: that is what the L4 people did with the DDE
+
+([[DDE]])
+
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: so, with these different cuts, there are different
+      opportunities. on the one end, you can run Linux as normal and get some
+      of the Hurd features such as translators in some programs.  At the other
+      end, you can do whatever you want and run some linux code for the drivers
+      or none at all.
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: one of the big questions then becomes: at which point
+      can the advantages offered by the Hurd be realized?
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: and that's not entirely clear to me
+    <marcusb> when I worked on this with Neal, we pushed further and further
+      into need-to-change-everything land
+    <marcusb> while the current efforts on the Hurd seem to be more equivalent
+      to the could-run-it-in-userspace-on-top-of-Linux camp
+    <ArneBab> marcusb: for that I think we need a way to move towards them step
+      by step. Would it be possible to get the advantages of better resource
+      allocation with a Viengoos in userspace, too?
+    <ArneBab> and when that is stable, just switch over?
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: I don't know.  I suspect these people will know before
+      us: http://lxc.sourceforge.net/
+    <ArneBab> something like implementing flip points: flip Linux with Hurd to
+      Hund with Linux. Flip Mach with L4 to L4 with Mach.
+    <ArneBab> lxc sounds interesting.
+    <marcusb> note that these efforts address security concerns more than other
+      concerns
+    <marcusb> so they will get isolation long before sharing is even considered
+    <marcusb> but some of the issues are the same
+    <marcusb> once you allow malware to do what it wants, it's a small step to
+      also allow the user to what he wants :)
+    <ArneBab> it kinda looks like hacking it where it doesn’t really fit again…
+    <ArneBab> there I ask myself when the point comes that doing a cleaner
+      design offsets the popularity
+    <ArneBab> they are pushing more and more stuff into userspace
+    <ArneBab> which is a good thing (to me)
+    <ArneBab> it’s hard to clearly describe how, but even though I like having
+      more stuff in userspace, the way it is bolted onto Linux doesn’t feel
+      good for me.
+    <ArneBab> FUSE is cool, but if I use it, I am at a disadvantage compared to
+      a non-fuse user
+    <ArneBab> while in the Hurd, these additional options are on eqal footing.
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: are they pushing more and more into user space?  I don't
+      think so.  I see more of the reverse, actually
+    <marcusb> or maybe both
+    <ArneBab> FUSE, lxd and scheduling in userspace move to userspace
+    <ArneBab> well, KMS moved to the kernel
+    <ArneBab> to avoid flickering when switching between X and the console?
+    <ArneBab> marcusb: Do you experience FUSE lxc and such being secondclass in
+      Linux, too, or is that just a strange feeling of me?
+    <ArneBab> marcusb: and that splits the users into those who can get stuff
+      into the kernel and those who can only work in userspace – which I don’t
+      really like.
+    <ArneBab> That’s one more advantage of the Hurd: eqal footing for all
+      (except the Mach hackers, but they have a very limited terrain)
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: but UML kernel module is minimal, and Linus didn't have
+      a principled objection to it (but just wanted a more general solution)
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: as a side note, although people keep complaining, the
+      linux kernel seems to be growing steadily, so getting stuff into the
+      kernel doesn't seem too hard.  8-O
diff --git a/open_issues/implementing_hurd_on_top_of_another_system.mdwn b/open_issues/implementing_hurd_on_top_of_another_system.mdwn
index 1d7a1e50..7e88e322 100644
--- a/open_issues/implementing_hurd_on_top_of_another_system.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/implementing_hurd_on_top_of_another_system.mdwn
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
 
     <marcusb> silver_hook: the Hurd can also refer to the interfaces of the
       filesystems etc, and a lot of that is really just server/client APIs that
-      could be implemented on any system that has transferable rights to message
-      capabilities.
+      could be implemented on any system that has transferable rights to
+      message capabilities.
     <marcusb> silver_hook: it's surprising how few systems *have* transferable
       rights, though!
     <marcusb> silver_hook: usually it is added as an afterthought
@@ -33,23 +33,24 @@ IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
     <marcusb> youpi: it's described in the Stevens series even
     [...]
     <marcusb> ArneBab: well, let me put it this way.  the Linux kernel has no
-      interface to manipulate another tasks's virtual address space, ie you can't
-      map/unmap stuff in another process
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: you would have to use ptrace and load some stub code in that
-      process to make that happen.
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: so for complete transparent manipulation, you need a kernel
-      module
+      interface to manipulate another tasks's virtual address space, ie you
+      can't map/unmap stuff in another process
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: you would have to use ptrace and load some stub code in
+      that process to make that happen.
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: so for complete transparent manipulation, you need a
+      kernel module
     <marcusb> that is what the User Mode Linux kernel module does
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: so say you use the User Mode Linux kernel module for that
-      one feature.  Then you can do everything that User Mode Linux can do, which,
-      I assure you, includes running subhurds :)
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: so say you use the User Mode Linux kernel module for
+      that one feature.  Then you can do everything that User Mode Linux can
+      do, which, I assure you, includes running subhurds :)
     <marcusb> it can be a bit tricky to implement those features, but it is not
       harder than writing a kernel in the first place
-    <ArneBab> So, if I got an admin to install User Mode Linux and Mach emulation,
-      I’d get the flexibility (and independence from admin decisions) I have in the
-      Hurd?
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: one problem is that you still use Linux.  For those who want
-      to get rid of Linux for political reasons, that would mean complete failure
+    <ArneBab> So, if I got an admin to install User Mode Linux and Mach
+      emulation, I’d get the flexibility (and independence from admin
+      decisions) I have in the Hurd?
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: one problem is that you still use Linux.  For those who
+      want to get rid of Linux for political reasons, that would mean complete
+      failure
     <marcusb> ArneBab: if you have UML kernel module, you can implement Mach in
       user space
     <marcusb> ArneBab: in fact, John Tobey did this a couple of years ago, or
@@ -57,10 +58,10 @@ IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
 
 ([[tschwinge]] has tarballs of John's work.)
 
-    <marcusb> ArneBab: or you can just implement parts of it and relay to Linux for
-      the rest
-    <marcusb> the point is, that if you don't care for kernel improvements, and are
-      sufficiently happy with the translator stuff, it's not hard to bring the Hurd
-      to Linux or BSD
+    <marcusb> ArneBab: or you can just implement parts of it and relay to Linux
+      for the rest
+    <marcusb> the point is, that if you don't care for kernel improvements, and
+      are sufficiently happy with the translator stuff, it's not hard to bring
+      the Hurd to Linux or BSD
 
-(Continue: [[benefits]].)
+Continue reading about the [[benefits of a native Hurd implementation]].
diff --git a/open_issues/multiprocessing.mdwn b/open_issues/multiprocessing.mdwn
index 7b4f2611..224c0826 100644
--- a/open_issues/multiprocessing.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/multiprocessing.mdwn
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 [[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
 
 We would expect that fine-grained, compartmentalized systems, that is,
-microkernel-based multi-server systems in particular, would be ideal condidates
+microkernel-based multi-server systems in particular, would be ideal candidates
 for applying multiprocessing.  That is, however, only true from a first and
 inexperienced point of view: there are many difficulties.
 
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ inexperienced point of view: there are many difficulties.
 IRC, #hurd, August / September 2010
 
     <marcusb> silver_hook: because multi-server systems depend on inter-process
-      communication, and inter-process communication is many times more expensive
-      across cpus
-    <marcusb> silver_hook: so you either force interrelated work on the same cpu,
-      or suffer heavy penalties.  and in a typical fine-grained object system, all
-      objects are interconnected!
-    <marcusb> silver_hook: resources in today's systems, even in a single node with
-      one cpu, but more so in a network, are very non-uniform.  scheduling these
-      resources efficiently is a huge problem.  restricting the resource
+      communication, and inter-process communication is many times more
+      expensive across cpus
+    <marcusb> silver_hook: so you either force interrelated work on the same
+      cpu, or suffer heavy penalties.  and in a typical fine-grained object
+      system, all objects are interconnected!
+    <marcusb> silver_hook: resources in today's systems, even in a single node
+      with one cpu, but more so in a network, are very non-uniform.  scheduling
+      these resources efficiently is a huge problem.  restricting the resource
       distribution policies in the way microkernel systems tend to do is posing
       serious research challenges
 
diff --git a/tag.mdwn b/tag.mdwn
index e96e88d5..6051de3b 100644
--- a/tag.mdwn
+++ b/tag.mdwn
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ Most of them should be self-explanatory.
     GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] distribution, but not yet in the upstream
     sources.
 
+  * *open_issue_documentation*
+
+    Use for tagging pages / items that need to be handled / improved for
+    documentation purposes.
+
   * *open_issue_porting*
 
     A list of open issues in porting software to run on GNU/Hurd systems.  This
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e36d3838db972fedfed4a30968ed144a9f0f6c96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2010 21:47:25 +0100
Subject: hurd/io_path: Link to Linux kernel design patterns - part 3
 (2009-06-22) by Neil Brown.

---
 hurd/io_path.mdwn | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/io_path.mdwn b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
index 78e13efd..598ad967 100644
--- a/hurd/io_path.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/io_path.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="I/O Path"]]
+
 
 # read
 
@@ -38,3 +41,12 @@ is included in the section entitled
 
   * ext2fs eventually finishes the data_request() function, the kernel installs
     the page into the process that got a fault.
+
+
+# Documentation
+
+  * In [*Linux kernel design patterns - part
+    3*](http://lwn.net/Articles/336262/) (2009-06-22), Neil Brown gives a
+    nice overview of the related layering inside the Linux kernel,
+    including the VFS layer, page cache and directory entry cache
+    (dcache).
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From d05a838d0fc7037f4a99a97742680a68b8b157d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 27 Nov 2010 21:53:21 +0100
Subject: hurd/libchannel: Link to Van Jacobson's network channels (2006-01-31)
 by Jonathan Corbet.

---
 hurd/libchannel.mdwn | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
index 91c7810f..3e19fb18 100644
--- a/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/libchannel.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 # libchannel
 
@@ -60,3 +60,9 @@ library to implement specialized channel libraries, e.g. *libaudio*
 and *libnetwork* or similar.
 
 So work on *libchannel* will continue, in one form or another.
+
+
+# Related
+
+  * [*Van Jacobson's network channels*](http://lwn.net/Articles/169961/)
+    (2006-01-31) by Jonathan Corbet.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eccf2986513cc41c412b1c30aa5dcb88a4c981b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2010 07:58:51 +0100
Subject: Add links to some LWN articles, and then some.

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn                  |  6 +--
 .../gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn      | 41 -----------------
 documentation.mdwn                                 |  6 ++-
 glibc.mdwn                                         |  9 ++++
 glibc/environment_variables.mdwn                   | 15 ++++++
 glibc/fork.mdwn                                    |  9 ++++
 glibc/poll.mdwn                                    | 15 ++++++
 hurd/debugging.mdwn                                | 10 ++--
 hurd/translator.mdwn                               |  6 ++-
 hurd/translator/libguestfs.mdwn                    | 15 ++++++
 open_issues/debugging.mdwn                         | 42 +++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/gdb-heap.mdwn                          | 15 ++++++
 open_issues/locking.mdwn                           | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 open_issues/performance.mdwn                       |  2 +
 open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn                      | 10 ++++
 open_issues/virtualization/file_systems.mdwn       |  3 +-
 unix.mdwn                                          | 16 +++++--
 17 files changed, 214 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
 create mode 100644 glibc/environment_variables.mdwn
 create mode 100644 glibc/poll.mdwn
 create mode 100644 hurd/translator/libguestfs.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/debugging.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/gdb-heap.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/locking.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index 2102e8f7..b039608f 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 We offer a wide range of possible projects to choose from. If you have an idea
 not listed here, we'd love to hear about it!
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ See also the list of [Hurd-related X.org project ideas](http://wiki.x.org/wiki/H
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/server_overriding" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/tcp_ip_stack" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/nfs" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="open_issues/locking" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/pthreads" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/sound" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="open_issues/performance/io_system" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 0618bbe6..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libdiskfs_locking.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Fix libdiskfs Locking Issues"]]
-
-Nowadays the most often encountered cause of Hurd crashes seems to be lockups
-in the [[hurd/translator/ext2fs]] server.  One of these could be traced
-recently, and turned out to be a lock inside [[hurd/libdiskfs]] that was taken
-and not released in some cases.  There is reason to believe that there are more
-faulty paths causing these lockups.
-
-The task is systematically checking the [[hurd/libdiskfs]] code for this kind of locking
-issues. To achieve this, some kind of test harness has to be implemented: For
-example instrumenting the code to check locking correctness constantly at
-runtime. Or implementing a unit testing framework that explicitly checks
-locking in various code paths. (The latter could serve as a template for
-implementing unit checks in other parts of the Hurd codebase...)
-
-(A systematic code review would probably suffice to find the existing locking
-issues; but it wouldn't document the work in terms of actual code produced, and
-thus it's not suitable for a GSoC project...)
-
-[Linux' *sparse*](https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/) could be worth looking at.
-
-This task requires experience with debugging locking issues in multithreaded
-applications.
-
-Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
-
-Exercise: If you could actually track down and fix one of the existing locking
-errors before the end of the application process, that would be excellent. This
-might be rather tough though, so probably you need to talk to us about an
-alternative exercise task...
diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn
index 62d96e9c..5c666f3f 100644
--- a/documentation.mdwn
+++ b/documentation.mdwn
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[FAQ]]
 
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ Documentation for...
 
   * [[MIG|microkernel/mach/mig/documentation]]
 
+  * [[UNIX]]
+
 
 # Presentations
 
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index cefbb19c..f47efc03 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@ Porting glibc to a specific architecture is non-trivial.
 ## [[Hurd-specific Port|hurd/glibc]]
 
 
+# Implementation Details
+
+  * [[environment_variables]]
+
+  * [[fork]]
+
+  * [[poll]]
+
+
 # Open Issues
 
 [[!inline pages=tag/open_issue_glibc raw=yes feeds=no]]
diff --git a/glibc/environment_variables.mdwn b/glibc/environment_variables.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76c1371e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glibc/environment_variables.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+
+# External
+
+  * [*putenv() and setenv()*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2008/putenv.html)
+    by Richard Kettlewell.
diff --git a/glibc/fork.mdwn b/glibc/fork.mdwn
index 564d9d5b..c9efd1f4 100644
--- a/glibc/fork.mdwn
+++ b/glibc/fork.mdwn
@@ -49,3 +49,12 @@ they have patches for software packages, to avoid using `fork` followed by
   * We no longer support `MACH_IPC_COMPAT`, thus we can get rid of the `err =
     __mach_port_allocate_name ([...]); if (err == KERN_NAME_EXISTS)` code
     ([[!taglink open_issue_glibc]]).
+
+
+# External
+
+  * [*How fork(2) ought to be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html) by
+    Richard Kettlewell.
+
+  * [*The self-pipe trick*](http://cr.yp.to/docs/selfpipe.html) by
+    D. J. Bernstein.
diff --git a/glibc/poll.mdwn b/glibc/poll.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d96f27a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glibc/poll.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+
+# External
+
+  * [*poll() and EOF*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2001/06/poll.html) by
+    Richard Kettlewell.
diff --git a/hurd/debugging.mdwn b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
index d6c5b18f..d6e9c8b5 100644
--- a/hurd/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/debugging.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
 
 # Strategies
 
@@ -16,11 +17,6 @@ is included in the section entitled
 * [[subhurd]] -- running another Hurd system in parallel
 * [[rpctrace]] -- tracing [[RPC]]s
 
-## To Do
-
-  * [[open_issues/ltrace]]
-  * [[open_issues/latrace]]
-  * [[open_issues/profiling]]
 
 # About Specific Packages
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator.mdwn b/hurd/translator.mdwn
index c3ca1278..9e109a28 100644
--- a/hurd/translator.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A translator is simply a normal program acting as
 an object server and participating in the Hurd's
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ Read about translator [[short-circuiting]].
   * [[wishlist_1]]
   * [[wishlist_2]]
   * [[open_issues/network_file_system_by_just_forwarding_RPCs]]
+  * [[libguestfs]]
+
 
 # Internally
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/libguestfs.mdwn b/hurd/translator/libguestfs.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..649b31f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hurd/translator/libguestfs.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+[libguestfs](http://libguestfs.org/) is said to be able to access a lot
+of different filesystem types -- can we use it to build GNU Hurd
+[[translator]]s?  (There is a [[FUSE]] module, too.)
diff --git a/open_issues/debugging.mdwn b/open_issues/debugging.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95b7bf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/debugging.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+
+# Existing
+
+We have debugging infrastructure.  For example:
+
+  * [[GDB]]
+
+  * [[GNU Mach debugging|microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging]]
+
+  * [[GNU Hurd debugging|hurd/debugging]], including
+    [[hurd/debugging/rpctrace]] and more.
+
+
+# To Do
+
+  * [[ltrace]]
+
+  * [[latrace]]
+
+  * [[profiling]]
+
+  * *[Checkpoint/restart](http://lwn.net/Articles/412749/) allows the state of
+    a set of processes to be saved to persistent storage, then restarted at
+    some future time* -- quoting from Jonathan Corbet's 2010 Linux Kernel
+    Summit report.
+
+    This is surely a very useful facility to have for reproducing failures, for
+    example.  But on the other hand it's questionable how it can help with
+    debugging failures in [[GNU Hurd server|hurd/translator]]s' interactions,
+    as their state is typically spread between several processes.
+
+  * [[locking]]
diff --git a/open_issues/gdb-heap.mdwn b/open_issues/gdb-heap.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75c31bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/gdb-heap.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_gdb]]
+
+Might be interesting to have a look at
+[*gdb-heap*](https://fedorahosted.org/gdb-heap/) with respect to our
+long-lived [[hurd/translator]] processes.
diff --git a/open_issues/locking.mdwn b/open_issues/locking.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1717133a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/locking.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!tag open_issue_hurd]]
+
+Every now and then, new locking issues are discovered in
+[[hurd/libdiskfs]] or [[hurd/translator/ext2fs]], for example.  Nowadays
+these in fact seem to be the most often encountered cause of Hurd crashes
+/ lockups.
+
+One of these could be traced
+recently, and turned out to be a lock inside [[hurd/libdiskfs]] that was taken
+and not released in some cases.  There is reason to believe that there are more
+faulty paths causing these lockups.
+
+The task is systematically checking the [[hurd/libdiskfs]] code for this kind of locking
+issues. To achieve this, some kind of test harness has to be implemented: For
+example instrumenting the code to check locking correctness constantly at
+runtime. Or implementing a [[unit testing]] framework that explicitly checks
+locking in various code paths. (The latter could serve as a template for
+implementing unit tests in other parts of the Hurd codebase...)
+
+(A systematic code review would probably suffice to find the existing locking
+issues; but it wouldn't document the work in terms of actual code produced, and
+thus it's not suitable for a GSoC project...)
+
+This task requires experience with debugging locking issues in multithreaded
+applications.
+
+Tools have been written for static code analysis, than can help to locate
+and fix such errors.
+
+  * Coccinelle
+
+      * <http://lwn.net/Articles/315686/>
+
+      * <http://www.google.com/search?q=coccinelle+analysis>
+
+  * clang
+
+      * <http://www.google.com/search?q=clang+analysis>
+
+  * Linux' sparse
+
+      * <https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/>
diff --git a/open_issues/performance.mdwn b/open_issues/performance.mdwn
index a4816680..3d146a72 100644
--- a/open_issues/performance.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/performance.mdwn
@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
   * [[I/O System|io_system]]
 
   * [[fork]]
+
+  * [[unit testing]]
diff --git a/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn b/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn
index b9fb3700..80a2860a 100644
--- a/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn
@@ -43,3 +43,13 @@ abandoned).
           * <http://www.codesourcery.com/public/qmtest/qmtest-snapshot/share/doc/qmtest/html/tutorial/index.html>
 
           * <http://www.codesourcery.com/public/qmtest/qmtest-snapshot/share/doc/qmtest/html/manual/index.html>
+
+  * [*[ANNOUNCE] ktest.pl: Easy and flexible testing script for Linux Kernel
+    Developers*](http://lwn.net/Articles/412302/) by Steven Rostedt,
+    2010-10-28.
+
+  * <http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/> -- ``comprehensive testing and
+    benchmarking platform''.  This one might be useful for [[performance]]
+    testing, too?
+
+  * <http://ltp.sourceforge.net/>
diff --git a/open_issues/virtualization/file_systems.mdwn b/open_issues/virtualization/file_systems.mdwn
index 3bf2299d..a12ea10d 100644
--- a/open_issues/virtualization/file_systems.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/virtualization/file_systems.mdwn
@@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ be explored.
   * Linux saw a patch for [*generic name to handle and open by handle
     syscalls*](http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.file-systems/46648) posted,
     which in turn can be beneficial for a [[QEMU]] emulation of a 9P file
-    system.
+    system.  LWN's Jonathan Corbet covered this [*open by
+    handle*](http://lwn.net/Articles/375888/) functionality on 2010-02-23.
diff --git a/unix.mdwn b/unix.mdwn
index a927eb64..601b36d1 100644
--- a/unix.mdwn
+++ b/unix.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="UNIX"]]
+
 
 # External
 
@@ -15,3 +18,10 @@ is included in the section entitled
   * [*Standardizing
     UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
     article by David Chisnall.
+
+  * [*Ghosts of Unix Past: a historical search for design
+    patterns*](http://lwn.net/Articles/411845/) (2010-10-27) by Neil Brown,
+    including file descriptors and the single, hierarchical namespace.
+
+  * [*UNIX File Permissions*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2004/perms.html)
+    (2004) by Richard Kettlewell.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 38368072b37bf73dda26dac536e4aa6cf13c67e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2010 13:41:16 +0100
Subject: system_call: New.

---
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn           |  8 ++++----
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap/details.mdwn   |  8 ++++----
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn    | 11 ++++++-----
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn         |  8 ++++----
 extensibility.mdwn                                 |  9 +++++----
 faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn                    |  2 +-
 glibc.mdwn                                         | 13 +++++++++++--
 glibc/fork.mdwn                                    | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn                  | 11 ++++++-----
 hurd/networking.mdwn                               | 11 ++++++-----
 hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn                    |  4 +++-
 hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn                    | 12 +++++++++++-
 qemu.mdwn                                          | 12 ++++++------
 system_call.mdwn                                   | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 15 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 system_call.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
index 1346203d..18c49c48 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Implementing libcap"]]
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ probably doable without previous experience with either, though.
 
 David Hedberg applied for this project in 2010,
 and though he didn't go through with it,
-he fleshed out many [[libcap/details]].
+he fleshed out many [[details]].
 
 Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap/details.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap/details.mdwn
index aa27a84e..85695978 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap/details.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap/details.mdwn
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Details on implementing libcap"]]
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Each process has a three bit fields representing each of the three
 sets (P, E and I).  Each bit field is currently built up of two (32
 bit) integers to be able to hold the 33 currently defined capabilities
 (see linux/capability.h).  Each process further has a bounding set which
-bounds the permitted set.  Two syscalls handles the setting and getting
+bounds the permitted set.  Two [[system call]]s handles the setting and getting
 of capabilities; *capset* and *capget*.  Some related functionality
 can also be controlled by calling *prctl*: the right to read/drop the
 bounding capabilities (PR_CAPBSET_READ/PR_CAPBSET_DROP) and whether
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ the following (also detailed somewhat in the same article):
 
 * Execute process as root (or setuid) to gain all capabilities.
 
-* Use the prctl system call to enable keepcaps for the process
+* Use the prctl [[system call]] to enable keepcaps for the process
   (same(?) effect as enabling SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP for the process).
   keepcaps should be off by default.
 
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
index feb30a7c..57739861 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/secure_chroot.mdwn
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Secure chroot Implementation"]]
 
 As the Hurd attempts to be (almost) fully [[UNIX]]-compatible, it also implements a
-`chroot()` system call.  However, the current implementation is not really
+`chroot` [[system call]].  However, the current implementation is not really
 good, as it allows easily escaping the `chroot`, for example by use of
 [[passive_translators|hurd/translator]].
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ workaround changing the behavior of passive translators in a `chroot`;
 changing the context in which passive translators are executed; changing the
 interpretation of filenames in a chroot; to reworking the whole passive
 translator mechanism.  Some involving a completely different approach to
-`chroot` implementation, using a proxy instead of a special system call in the
+`chroot` implementation, using a proxy instead of a special [[system call]] in the
 filesystem servers.
 
 See <http://tri-ceps.blogspot.com/2007/07/theory-of-filesystem-relativity.html>
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn
index c6fc7459..7d68e82d 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ although they work on Linux.
 Even more importantly, it will help finding bugs in the Hurd servers themselfs.
 
 To keep track of memory use,
-Valgrind however needs to know how each system call affects the validity of memory regions.
+Valgrind however needs to know how each [[system call]] affects the validity of memory regions.
 This knowledge is highly kernel-specific,
 and thus Valgrind needs to be explicitely ported for every system.
 
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ Such a port involves two major steps:
 making Valgrind understand how kernel traps work in general on the system in question;
 and how all the individual kernel calls affect memory.
 The latter step is where most of the work is,
-as the behaviour of each single system call needs to be described.
+as the behaviour of each single [[system call]] needs to be described.
 
 Compared to Linux,
 Mach (the microkernel used by the Hurd) has very few kernel traps.
-Almost all system calls are implemented as RPCs instead --
+Almost all [[system call]]s are implemented as RPCs instead --
 either handled by Mach itself, or by the various Hurd servers.
 All RPCs use a pair of mach\_msg() invocations:
 one to send a request message, and one to receive a reply.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The goal of this task is at minimum to make Valgrind grok Mach traps,
 and to implement the generic RPC handler.
 Ideally, specific handling for RPCs needing it should also be implemented.
 
-Completing this project will require digging into Valgrind's handling of system calls,
+Completing this project will require digging into Valgrind's handling of [[system call]]s,
 and into Hurd RPCs.
 It is not an easy task, but a fairly predictable one --
 there shouldn't be any unexpected difficulties,
diff --git a/extensibility.mdwn b/extensibility.mdwn
index 01b1f3b1..17cd5e51 100644
--- a/extensibility.mdwn
+++ b/extensibility.mdwn
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 An extensible system is one that enables extensibility.  Enabling extensibility
 means providing non-privileged mechanisms to extend existing objects and to
 introduce new objects.  [[UNIX]] is generally not an extensible system as it does
-not generally facilitate the hooking of system calls.  For instance, there is
+not generally facilitate the hooking of [[system call]]s.  For instance, there is
 no way to hook into the virtual file system.  This has motivated the introduction
 of separate, parallel interfaces by both the GNOME and KDE projects to provide
 users a more integrated view of their objects.
diff --git a/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn b/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn
index 7d09ccc0..ec880827 100644
--- a/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn
+++ b/faq/sharing_the_user_space.mdwn
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ everything but the kernel is shared?
 *Answer:* Given that both Linux and GNU Hurd are using the [[ELF]] binary
 format, this could indeed be made possible, if all programs agreed to rely on
 only one abstraction layer, for example the standard C library ([[glibc]]).
-(Additionally, for example for system calls that are not covered by glibc
+(Additionally, for example for [[system call]]s that are not covered by glibc
 calls, you'd need to be able to reliably trap and emulate these.)  However,
 Linux' and the GNU Hurd's [[ABI]]'s have sufficiently diverged, so that this is
 not easy to do.  That's why you can't currently install a system in this way,
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index f47efc03..2eba3667 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="GNU C Library"]]
 
@@ -31,6 +31,15 @@ Porting glibc to a specific architecture is non-trivial.
 
 # Implementation Details
 
+  * [[hurd/glibc/Hurd-specific API]]
+
+  * [[open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling]]
+
+
+## Individual functions
+
+Some of these are well-known as [[UNIX]] [[system call]]s.
+
   * [[environment_variables]]
 
   * [[fork]]
diff --git a/glibc/fork.mdwn b/glibc/fork.mdwn
index c9efd1f4..e8556a91 100644
--- a/glibc/fork.mdwn
+++ b/glibc/fork.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-On [[Unix]] systems, `fork` is a rather simple system call.
+On [[Unix]] systems, `fork` is a rather simple [[system call]].
 
 Our implementation in [[glibc]] is and needs to be rather bulky.
 
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@ which requires a small number of [[RPC]] for each of them.
 In sum, [[this affects performance|open_issues/performance/fork]] when new
 processes are continuously being spawned from the shell, for example.
 
-Often, a `fork` call will eventually be followed by an `exec`, which will in
-turn close (most of) the duplicated port rights.  Unfortunately, this cannot be
-known at the time the `fork` executing, so the code calling `fork` has to be
-modified, and the `fork`, `exec` combo be replaced by a `posix_spawn` call, for
-example, to avoid this work of duplicating each port right, then closing each
-again.
+Often, a `fork` call will eventually be followed by an `exec`, which [[may in
+turn close|open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling]] (most of) the
+duplicated port rights.  Unfortunately, this cannot be known at the time the
+`fork` executing, so in order to optimize this, the code calling `fork` has to
+be modified instead, and the `fork`, `exec` combo be replaced by a
+`posix_spawn` call, for example, to avoid this work of duplicating each port
+right, then closing each again.
 
 As far as we know, Cygwin has the same problem of `fork` being a nontrivial
 operation.  Perhaps we can learn from what they're been doing?  Also, perhaps
@@ -51,6 +52,11 @@ they have patches for software packages, to avoid using `fork` followed by
     ([[!taglink open_issue_glibc]]).
 
 
+## Related
+
+  * [[secure file descriptor handling]].
+
+
 # External
 
   * [*How fork(2) ought to be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html) by
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
index aeb63d91..75220279 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="Hurd-specific glibc API"]]
 
 These functions have meaning only under Hurd.  They are needed to get port
-names that are used in native Hurd API (the RPC calls to servers).  The `.defs`
+names that are used in native Hurd API (the [[RPC]]s to servers).  The `.defs`
 and `.h` files can be found in `/include/hurd` when all development files are
 installed (Debian package `hurd-dev`.)  Note that `.defs` are not included in C
 programs -- they are used to produce `.h` files.
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ programs -- they are used to produce `.h` files.
   </p>
   <dt><tt>thread_t</tt></dt>
   <dt><tt><b>hurd_thread_self</b> (void);</tt></dt>
-  <dd>Return the current thread's thread port. This is a cheap operation (no system call), but it relies on Hurd signal state being set up.</dd>
+  <dd>Return the current thread's thread port. This is a cheap operation (no [[system call]]), but it relies on Hurd signal state being set up.</dd>
   <p>
   </p>
   <dt><tt>error_t</tt></dt>
diff --git a/hurd/networking.mdwn b/hurd/networking.mdwn
index ff16eb25..bdf9def2 100644
--- a/hurd/networking.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/networking.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2000, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 For each supported `PF_*` protocol family, there is a file `/servers/socket/N`
 where `N` is the numberic value fo the `PF_*` symbol.  Right now
@@ -17,10 +18,10 @@ where `N` is the numberic value fo the `PF_*` symbol.  Right now
 User programs open those files, and use the `socket_create` [[RPC]] to make a
 new socket.  With that socket, they can use the other `socket_*` RPCs and also
 the `io_*` RPCs.  The `socket_*` RPCs are essentially clones of the [[Unix]]
-syscalls in question.
+[[system call]]s in question.
 
 The only exception is `sockaddrs`, which are implemented as [[ports|libports]]
-instead of the opaque data arrays they are in the syscalls.  You manipulate
+instead of the opaque data arrays they are in the system calls.  You manipulate
 `sockaddr` ports with the `socket_create_address`, `socket_fabricate_address`,
 and `socket_whatis_address` calls.  The `sockaddr` port is then used in socket
 calls like `socket_connect` and `socket_accept`.
diff --git a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
index cdf4e1bf..2340901d 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 [Coyotos](http://www.coyotos.org/index.html) is a microkernel and OS and the successor of EROS, that itself is the successor of KeyKOS. A more complete history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html). Its main objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of EROS, demonstrate that an atomic kernel design scales well, and (eventually) to completely formally verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new language called [bitc](http://www.bitc-lang.org/).  [See [l4.verified](http://nicta.com.au/research/projects/l4.verified) for work on formally verifying an L4 microkernel.]
 
-Coyotos is an orthogonally persistent pure capability system. It uses continuation based unbuffered asynchronous IPC (actually it's synchronous IPC with asynchronous syscalls).
+Coyotos is an orthogonally persistent pure capability system. It uses
+continuation based unbuffered asynchronous IPC (actually it's synchronous IPC
+with asynchronous [[system calls]]).
 
 TODO: explain these terms and (more important) their consequences on system design.
 
diff --git a/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn b/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
index 4eeef6ee..0d91dee7 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ This comparison is about a simple situation: there is a parent process P, which
 
 # <a name="Trivial_Confinement"> Trivial Confinement </a>
 
-For trivial confinement, there is a system call to create a process from some memory pages. P performs the following steps:
+For trivial confinement, there is a [[system call]] to create a process from
+some memory pages. P performs the following steps:
 
 * Allocate some memory and put the code image of the child into that memory. This can be done by P, or for example by the file system which then gives the resulting memory (space bank) to P.
-* Perform the system call on that memory. The result is a capability to C.
+* Perform the [[system call]] on that memory. The result is a capability to C.
 * Send A to C using the returned capability.
 
 Note that it is up to the implementation of the system what happens with P's access to the memory which holds the child. For example, it is probably a good idea if it is at least unmapped, so it cannot accidentily write things in it. It could even be revoked, so that it can't write things in it, even if it wants to.
@@ -32,7 +33,16 @@ This mechanism is targeted at a specific use pattern, namely that a process is c
 
 # <a name="POSIX_Fork"> </a> POSIX Fork
 
-POSIX fork, or rather fork+exec, is how things are done on many current systems. It may be insightful to see it included in the comparison, especially for people who are new to the subject. There are two system calls, fork and exec. Fork will create a clone of the current process, including all the capabilities (that is, file descriptors) of the parent (except the ones which have explicitly been excluded). Exec is a system call which really goes to the filesystem, not the kernel (although on systems which use it, the filesystem usually resides in the kernel), and asks it to spawn a new process from the contents of a certain path in place of the caller. This passes all capabilities to the new process. The procedure is:
+POSIX fork, or rather fork+exec, is how things are done on many current
+systems. It may be insightful to see it included in the comparison, especially
+for people who are new to the subject. There are two [[system call]]s, fork and
+exec. Fork will create a clone of the current process, including all the
+capabilities (that is, file descriptors) of the parent (except the ones which
+have explicitly been excluded). Exec is a [[system call]] which really goes to
+the filesystem, not the kernel (although on systems which use it, the
+filesystem usually resides in the kernel), and asks it to spawn a new process
+from the contents of a certain path in place of the caller. This passes all
+capabilities to the new process. The procedure is:
 
 * P calls fork(), creating P'.
 * P' drops B.
@@ -67,7 +77,7 @@ Except for the control, there is really only one other difference, and that's ad
 What it doesn't do is protect the code image against bugs in P. In the constructor the trusted and well-tested constructor code is handling the image, for trivial confinement the (very possibly) buggy program P. In particular, when starting a program from a file system, with trivial confinement the operation is:
 
 * Ask the file system for the code, receive a capability to a space bank with a copy (on write) of it.
-* Make the system call to turn it into a program.
+* Make the [[system call]] to turn it into a program.
 
 Now this isn't much more complicated than the constructor which does:
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn b/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
index a927db55..77f39644 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/wishlist_2.mdwn
@@ -70,7 +70,17 @@ Here's an [idea](http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/fusd/docs/node13.html
 
 * "One particularly interesting application of FUSD that we've found very useful is as a way to let regular user-space libraries export device file APIs. For example, imagine you had a library which factored large composite numbers. Typically, it might have a C interface--say, a function called `int *factorize(int bignum)`. With FUSD, it's possible to create a device file interface--say, a device called `/dev/factorize` to which clients can `write(2)` a big number, then `read(2)` back its factors.
 
-* This may sound strange, but device file APIs have at least three advantages over a typical library API. First, it becomes much more language independent--any language that can make system calls can access the factorization library. Second, the factorization code is running in a different address space; if it crashes, it won't crash or corrupt the caller. Third, and most interestingly, it is possible to use `select(2)` to wait for the factorization to complete. `select(2)` would make it easy for a client to factor a large number while remaining responsive to other events that might happen in the meantime. In other words, FUSD allows normal user-space libraries to integrate seamlessly with UNIX's existing, POSIX-standard event notification interface: `select(2)`."
+* This may sound strange, but device file APIs have at least three advantages
+  over a typical library API. First, it becomes much more language
+  independent--any language that can make [[system call]]s can access the
+  factorization library. Second, the factorization code is running in a
+  different address space; if it crashes, it won't crash or corrupt the
+  caller. Third, and most interestingly, it is possible to use `select(2)` to
+  wait for the factorization to complete. `select(2)` would make it easy for a
+  client to factor a large number while remaining responsive to other events
+  that might happen in the meantime. In other words, FUSD allows normal
+  user-space libraries to integrate seamlessly with UNIX's existing,
+  POSIX-standard event notification interface: `select(2)`."
 
 ## <a name="Mail"> Mail </a>
 
diff --git a/qemu.mdwn b/qemu.mdwn
index 19b5fb9f..d7cea5ad 100644
--- a/qemu.mdwn
+++ b/qemu.mdwn
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 QEMU is free software written by Fabrice Bellard that implements a fast
 processor [[emulator|emulation]], allowing a user to run one operating system
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.
 QEMU has two operating modes:
 
   * User mode emulation: QEMU can launch Linux processes compiled for one CPU
-    on another CPU.  Linux system calls are converted because of endianness and
-    32/64 bit mismatches.  Wine and Dosemu are the main targets for QEMU.
+    on another CPU.  Linux [[system call]]s are converted because of endianness
+    and 32/64 bit mismatches.  Wine and Dosemu are the main targets for QEMU.
 
   * System mode emulation: QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor
     and various peripherials.  It enables easier testing and debugging of
diff --git a/system_call.mdwn b/system_call.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..197889cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system_call.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+In an [[UNIX]]-like system, a *system call* (*syscall*) is used to request all
+kinds of functionality from the operating system kernel.
+
+A [[microkernel]]-based system typically won't offer a lot of system calls --
+apart from one central one, and that is *send message* -- but instead [[RPC]]s
+will be used instead.
+
+In the [[GNU Hurd|hurd]], a lot of what is traditionlly considered to be a UNIX
+system call is implemented (primarily by means of [[RPC]]) inside [[glibc]].
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cd782d77c1e90976cb6dacf6ba78ba762f145a50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 30 Nov 2010 10:39:28 +0100
Subject: Been reading another LWN issue...

---
 capability.mdwn                                    | 14 ++--
 community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn                  |  2 +-
 community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn         | 80 ----------------------
 glibc.mdwn                                         |  9 ++-
 glibc/fallocate.mdwn                               | 17 +++++
 glibc/fork.mdwn                                    | 18 +++--
 glibc/signals.mdwn                                 | 32 +++++++++
 hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn                  |  8 ++-
 hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn | 24 ++++---
 hurd/translator/magic.mdwn                         | 11 +--
 open_issues/code_analysis.mdwn                     | 12 +++-
 open_issues/debugging.mdwn                         | 16 +++--
 open_issues/multithreading.mdwn                    |  4 +-
 open_issues/nightly_builds_deb_packages.mdwn       |  6 ++
 open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling.mdwn   |  9 +++
 open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn                      |  9 ++-
 open_issues/valgrind.mdwn                          | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 persistency.mdwn                                   | 11 +--
 unix.mdwn                                          | 48 +++++++++++--
 unix/file_descriptor.mdwn                          | 13 ++++
 virtualization.mdwn                                |  7 +-
 21 files changed, 296 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn
 create mode 100644 glibc/fallocate.mdwn
 create mode 100644 glibc/signals.mdwn
 create mode 100644 open_issues/valgrind.mdwn
 create mode 100644 unix/file_descriptor.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn
index 367ea163..d78810d5 100644
--- a/capability.mdwn
+++ b/capability.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A capability is a protected reference.  It is a reference in that
 it designates an object; it is protected in that in cannot be
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ sent a string to identify the file to B, the identifier lacks a
 than A intended.  Be ensuring that [[designation]] and [[authorization]] are
 always bound together, these problems are avoided.
 
-[[Unix]] file descriptors can be viewed as capabilities.  Unix file
-descriptors do not survive reboot, that is, they are not
-[[persistent|persistency]].  To work around this, [[ACL]]s are used to
-recover authority.
+[[UNIX file descriptors|unix/file_descriptor]] can be viewed as capabilities.
+They do not survive reboot, that is, they are not [[persistent|persistency]].
+To work around this, [[ACL]]s are used to recover authority.
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
index b039608f..649e05c1 100644
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
+++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn
@@ -106,4 +106,4 @@ See also the list of [Hurd-related X.org project ideas](http://wiki.x.org/wiki/H
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/testsuites" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/libcap" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
 [[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/xattr" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
-[[!inline pages="community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
+[[!inline pages="open_issues/valgrind" show=0 feeds=no actions=yes]]
diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d68e82d..00000000
--- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas/valgrind.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Porting Valgrind to the Hurd"]]
-
-[Valgrind](http://valgrind.org/) is an extremely useful debugging tool for memory errors.
-(And some other kinds of hard-to-find errors too.)
-Aside from being useful for program development in general,
-a Hurd port will help finding out why certain programs segfault on the Hurd,
-although they work on Linux.
-Even more importantly, it will help finding bugs in the Hurd servers themselfs.
-
-To keep track of memory use,
-Valgrind however needs to know how each [[system call]] affects the validity of memory regions.
-This knowledge is highly kernel-specific,
-and thus Valgrind needs to be explicitely ported for every system.
-
-Such a port involves two major steps:
-making Valgrind understand how kernel traps work in general on the system in question;
-and how all the individual kernel calls affect memory.
-The latter step is where most of the work is,
-as the behaviour of each single [[system call]] needs to be described.
-
-Compared to Linux,
-Mach (the microkernel used by the Hurd) has very few kernel traps.
-Almost all [[system call]]s are implemented as RPCs instead --
-either handled by Mach itself, or by the various Hurd servers.
-All RPCs use a pair of mach\_msg() invocations:
-one to send a request message, and one to receive a reply.
-However, while all RPCs use the same mach\_msg() trap,
-the actual effect of the call varies greatly depending on which RPC is invoked --
-similar to the ioctl() call on Linux.
-Each request thus must be handled individually.
-
-Unlike ioctl(),
-the RPC invocations have explicit type information for the parameters though,
-which can be retrieved from the message header.
-By analyzing the parameters of the RPC reply message,
-Valgrind can know exactly which memory regions are affected by that call,
-even without specific knowledge of the RPC in question.
-Thus implementing a general parser for the reply messages
-will already give Valgrind a fairly good approximation of memory validity --
-without having to specify the exact semantic of each RPC by hand.
-
-While this should make Valgrind quite usable on the Hurd already, it's not perfect:
-some RPCs might return a buffer that is only partially filled with valid data;
-or some reply parameters might be optional,
-and only contain valid data under certain conditions.
-Such specific semantics can't be deduced from the message headers alone.
-Thus for a complete port,
-it will still be necessary to go through the list of all known RPCs,
-and implement special handling in Valgrind for those RPCs that need it.
-
-The goal of this task is at minimum to make Valgrind grok Mach traps,
-and to implement the generic RPC handler.
-Ideally, specific handling for RPCs needing it should also be implemented.
-
-Completing this project will require digging into Valgrind's handling of [[system call]]s,
-and into Hurd RPCs.
-It is not an easy task, but a fairly predictable one --
-there shouldn't be any unexpected difficulties,
-and no major design work is necessary.
-It doesn't require any specific previous knowledge:
-only good programming skills in general.
-On the other hand,
-the student will obtain a good understanding of Hurd RPCs while working on this task,
-and thus perfect qualifications for Hurd development in general :-)
-
-Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
-
-Exercise: As a starter,
-students can try to teach valgrind a couple of Linux ioctls,
-as this will make them learn how to use the read/write primitives of valgrind.
diff --git a/glibc.mdwn b/glibc.mdwn
index 2eba3667..124216d9 100644
--- a/glibc.mdwn
+++ b/glibc.mdwn
@@ -36,11 +36,18 @@ Porting glibc to a specific architecture is non-trivial.
   * [[open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling]]
 
 
+## Concepts
+
+  * [[environment_variables]]
+
+  * [[signals]]
+
+
 ## Individual functions
 
 Some of these are well-known as [[UNIX]] [[system call]]s.
 
-  * [[environment_variables]]
+  * [[fallocate]]
 
   * [[fork]]
 
diff --git a/glibc/fallocate.mdwn b/glibc/fallocate.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3aecf16b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glibc/fallocate.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+Not yet implemented for the GNU Hurd in [[glibc]].
+
+
+# External
+
+  * [*Punching holes in files*](http://lwn.net/Articles/415889/), Jonathan
+    Corbet, 2010-11-17.
diff --git a/glibc/fork.mdwn b/glibc/fork.mdwn
index e8556a91..378fe835 100644
--- a/glibc/fork.mdwn
+++ b/glibc/fork.mdwn
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ Our implementation in [[glibc]] is and needs to be rather bulky.
 
 For example, it has to duplicate all port rights for the new [[Mach
 task|microkernel/mach/task]].  The address space can simply be duplicated by
-standard means of the [[microkernel/Mach]], but as [[file descriptor]]s (for
-example) are a concept that is implemented inside [[glibc]] (based on [[Mach
-port|microkernel/mach/port]]s), these have to be duplicated from userspace,
-which requires a small number of [[RPC]] for each of them.
+standard means of the [[microkernel/Mach]], but as [[unix/file_descriptor]]s
+(for example) are a concept that is implemented inside [[glibc]] (based on
+[[Mach port|microkernel/mach/port]]s), these have to be duplicated from
+userspace, which requires a small number of [[RPC]] for each of them.
 
 In sum, [[this affects performance|open_issues/performance/fork]] when new
 processes are continuously being spawned from the shell, for example.
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ they have patches for software packages, to avoid using `fork` followed by
     ([[!taglink open_issue_glibc]]).
 
   * Include de-duplicate information from elsewhere: [[hurd-paper]],
-    [[hurd-talk]] [[hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork]],
+    [[hurd-talk]], [[hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork]],
     [[open_issues/resource_management_problems/zalloc_panics]] ([[!taglink
     open_issue_glibc open_issue_documentation]]).
 
@@ -54,13 +54,11 @@ they have patches for software packages, to avoid using `fork` followed by
 
 ## Related
 
-  * [[secure file descriptor handling]].
+  * [[open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling]].
 
 
 # External
 
-  * [*How fork(2) ought to be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html) by
-    Richard Kettlewell.
+  * {{$unix#djb_self-pipe}}.
 
-  * [*The self-pipe trick*](http://cr.yp.to/docs/selfpipe.html) by
-    D. J. Bernstein.
+  * {{$unix#rjk_fork}}.
diff --git a/glibc/signals.mdwn b/glibc/signals.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40fdc0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glibc/signals.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+*[[UNIX]] signals* are a means to asynchronously invoke a specific function
+(*signal handler*).  This may impact on [[system call]]s that are executing at
+the same time in that they may be completely aborted, return incomplete
+results, scheduled for restarting, or cause signal delivery to be blocked upon
+the system call's completion.
+
+An explanation can be found in the relevant standards, an overview, including
+UNIX signals' deficiencies is given in {{$unix#2010_brown_ghosts_3}}, for
+example.
+
+The UNIX signalling mechanism is implemented for the GNU Hurd by means of a
+separate signal-handling thread that is part of every process.  This makes
+handling of signals a separate thread of control.
+
+  * [[SA_SIGINFO, SA_SIGACTION|open_issues/sa_siginfo_sa_sigaction]]
+
+
+# External
+
+  * {{$unix#djb_self-pipe}}.
+
+  * {{$unix#rjk_fork}}.
diff --git a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
index 75220279..7ead63cd 100644
--- a/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/glibc/hurd-specific_api.mdwn
@@ -82,7 +82,13 @@ programs -- they are used to produce `.h` files.
   <dt><tt><b>openport</b> (io_t port, int flags);</tt></dt>
   <p>
   </p>
-  <dd>Open a file descriptor on a port. FLAGS are as for <tt>open</tt>; flags affected by <tt>io_set_openmodes</tt> are not changed by this. If successful, this consumes a user reference for PORT (which will be deallocated on close.) See <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.h&amp;gt;</tt>.</dd>
+  <dd>Open a [[unix/file_descriptor]] on a [[microkernel/mach/port]].  FLAGS
+    are as for <tt>open</tt>; flags affected by <tt>io_set_openmodes</tt> are
+    not changed by this.  If successful, this consumes a user reference for
+    PORT (which will be deallocated on close.) See
+    <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.defs&amp;gt;</tt> and
+    <tt>&amp;lt;hurd/io.h&amp;gt;</tt>.
+  </dd>
   <p>
   </p>
   <dt><tt>task_t</tt></dt>
diff --git a/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn b/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
index 0d91dee7..949895e7 100644
--- a/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng/trivialconfinementvsconstructorvsfork.mdwn
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ This mechanism is targeted at a specific use pattern, namely that a process is c
 # <a name="POSIX_Fork"> </a> POSIX Fork
 
 POSIX fork, or rather fork+exec, is how things are done on many current
-systems. It may be insightful to see it included in the comparison, especially
-for people who are new to the subject. There are two [[system call]]s, fork and
-exec. Fork will create a clone of the current process, including all the
-capabilities (that is, file descriptors) of the parent (except the ones which
-have explicitly been excluded). Exec is a [[system call]] which really goes to
-the filesystem, not the kernel (although on systems which use it, the
-filesystem usually resides in the kernel), and asks it to spawn a new process
-from the contents of a certain path in place of the caller. This passes all
-capabilities to the new process. The procedure is:
+systems.  It may be insightful to see it included in the comparison, especially
+for people who are new to the subject.  There are two [[system call]]s, fork
+and exec.  Fork will create a clone of the current process, including all the
+capabilities (that is, [[unix/file_descriptor]]s) of the parent (except the
+ones which have explicitly been excluded).  Exec is a [[system call]] which
+really goes to the filesystem, not the kernel (although on systems which use
+it, the filesystem usually resides in the kernel), and asks it to spawn a new
+process from the contents of a certain path in place of the caller.  This
+passes all capabilities to the new process.  The procedure is:
 
 * P calls fork(), creating P'.
 * P' drops B.
@@ -62,7 +62,11 @@ In contrast, the other two options don't pass anything by default. If there is a
 
 The problem of fork+exec can be solved. It is if the default would be to not pass capabilities to the new process, but specify a list of capabilities that it should keep, or (like in the other cases) pass them over a new channel which is implicitly created during the fork. However, in that case the only difference with trivial confinement is that P' dies in the process (and thus must be created to prevent P from dying). Almost any use of exec is in practice preceded by a fork for this purpose. It would be easier to make trivial confinement the default operation and let P die directly after it in the rare case that it should.
 
-The only reason for continuing to use fork+exec would be that it is what existing programs do. However, they break anyway if they need to specify which file descriptors to pass. So they need to be adapted. Therefore, it's better to make the usual spawning method the primitive one, and emulate the other.
+The only reason for continuing to use fork+exec would be that it is what
+existing programs do.  However, they break anyway if they need to specify which
+[[unix/file_descriptor]]s to pass.  So they need to be adapted. Therefore, it's
+better to make the usual spawning method the primitive one, and emulate the
+other.
 
 # <a name="Trivial_Confinement_vs_Construct"> Trivial Confinement vs Constructor </a>
 
diff --git a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
index 06ee798b..84bacdfb 100644
--- a/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/translator/magic.mdwn
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 The magic translator provides `/dev/fd`.
 
     $ showtrans /dev/fd
     /hurd/magic --directory fd
 
-The `/dev/fd` directory holds the open file descriptors for your current
-process.  You can't see them with `ls -l /dev/fd/` but you can see them
+The `/dev/fd` directory holds the open [[unix/file_descriptor]]s for your
+current process.  You can't see them with `ls -l /dev/fd/` but you can see them
 individually like this:
 
     $ ls -l /dev/fd/0
diff --git a/open_issues/code_analysis.mdwn b/open_issues/code_analysis.mdwn
index 98447e98..ad104e68 100644
--- a/open_issues/code_analysis.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/code_analysis.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
-There is static and dynamic code analysis.
+There is static and dynamic code analysis.  This overlaps with [[debugging]].
 
   * [[GCC]]'s warnings.  Yes, really.
 
@@ -29,3 +29,13 @@ There is static and dynamic code analysis.
   * <http://klee.llvm.org/>
 
       * <http://blog.llvm.org/2010/04/whats-wrong-with-this-code.html>
+
+  * [[Valgrind]]
+
+  * <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Fence>
+
+      * <http://sourceforge.net/projects/duma/>
+
+  * <http://wiki.debian.org/Hardening>
+
+  * <https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags>
diff --git a/open_issues/debugging.mdwn b/open_issues/debugging.mdwn
index 95b7bf9b..e66a086f 100644
--- a/open_issues/debugging.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/debugging.mdwn
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ We have debugging infrastructure.  For example:
   * [[GNU Mach debugging|microkernel/mach/gnumach/debugging]]
 
   * [[GNU Hurd debugging|hurd/debugging]], including
-    [[hurd/debugging/rpctrace]] and more.
+    [[hurd/debugging/rpctrace]], and more.
 
 
 # To Do
@@ -29,14 +29,20 @@ We have debugging infrastructure.  For example:
 
   * [[profiling]]
 
-  * *[Checkpoint/restart](http://lwn.net/Articles/412749/) allows the state of
-    a set of processes to be saved to persistent storage, then restarted at
-    some future time* -- quoting from Jonathan Corbet's 2010 Linux Kernel
-    Summit report.
+  * *Checkpoint/restart allows the state of a set of processes to be saved to
+    persistent storage, then restarted at some future time* -- quoting from
+    Jonathan Corbet's [2010 Linux Kernel Summit
+    report](http://lwn.net/Articles/412749/).
 
     This is surely a very useful facility to have for reproducing failures, for
     example.  But on the other hand it's questionable how it can help with
     debugging failures in [[GNU Hurd server|hurd/translator]]s' interactions,
     as their state is typically spread between several processes.
 
+    Continues: <http://lwn.net/Articles/414264/>, which introduces
+    <http://dmtcp.sourceforge.net/>.
+
   * [[locking]]
+
+  * <http://lwn.net/Articles/415728/>, or <http://lwn.net/Articles/415471/> --
+    just two examples; there's a lot of such stuff for Linux.
diff --git a/open_issues/multithreading.mdwn b/open_issues/multithreading.mdwn
index 81b96280..170734fd 100644
--- a/open_issues/multithreading.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/multithreading.mdwn
@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ Alternative approaches:
 
   * Continuation-passing style
 
+  * [[Erlang-style_parallelism]]
+
   * [libtcr - Threaded Coroutine Library](http://oss.linbit.com/libtcr/)
 
-  * [[Erlang-style_parallelism]]
+  * <http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent/>
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/open_issues/nightly_builds_deb_packages.mdwn b/open_issues/nightly_builds_deb_packages.mdwn
index 29219c2a..9f5e2373 100644
--- a/open_issues/nightly_builds_deb_packages.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/nightly_builds_deb_packages.mdwn
@@ -18,4 +18,10 @@ packages.
 
 ---
 
+There is infrastructure available to test whole OS installations.
+
+  * <http://www.os-autoinst.org/>
+
+---
+
 See also [[nightly_builds]].
diff --git a/open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling.mdwn b/open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling.mdwn
index c9956ede..1a514e69 100644
--- a/open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/secure_file_descriptor_handling.mdwn
@@ -8,7 +8,16 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
 is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
 License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
+[[!tag open_issue_glibc]]
+
 `O_CLOEXEC`, `dup3` et al.; see
 <http://udrepper.livejournal.com/20407.html>.  [[tschwinge]] once worked
 on this, posted patches to libc-alpha.  This works needs to be resumed
 and finished.
+
+---
+
+In <http://lwn.net/Articles/417421/> an interesting point is made: *you [may]
+want some [[unix/file_descriptor]] to still be open if 'exec' fails, but you
+don't want it to be open after the exec succeeds*.  [[I|tschwinge]]'m not sure
+whether our current `O_CLOEXEC` implementation adheres to that.
diff --git a/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn b/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn
index 80a2860a..d50f5f6d 100644
--- a/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn
+++ b/open_issues/unit_testing.mdwn
@@ -46,7 +46,14 @@ abandoned).
 
   * [*[ANNOUNCE] ktest.pl: Easy and flexible testing script for Linux Kernel
     Developers*](http://lwn.net/Articles/412302/) by Steven Rostedt,
-    2010-10-28.
+    2010-10-28.  [v2](http://lwn.net/Articles/414064/), 2010-11-08.
+
+
+# Related
+
+  * [[nightly_builds]]
+
+      * [[nightly_builds_deb_packages]]
 
   * <http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/> -- ``comprehensive testing and
     benchmarking platform''.  This one might be useful for [[performance]]
diff --git a/open_issues/valgrind.mdwn b/open_issues/valgrind.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b0624d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/open_issues/valgrind.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Porting Valgrind to the Hurd"]]
+
+[Valgrind](http://valgrind.org/) is an extremely useful debugging tool for memory errors.
+(And some other kinds of hard-to-find errors too.)
+Aside from being useful for program development in general,
+a Hurd port will help finding out why certain programs segfault on the Hurd,
+although they work on Linux.
+Even more importantly, it will help finding bugs in the Hurd servers themselfs.
+
+To keep track of memory use,
+Valgrind however needs to know how each [[system call]] affects the validity of memory regions.
+This knowledge is highly kernel-specific,
+and thus Valgrind needs to be explicitely ported for every system.
+
+Such a port involves two major steps:
+making Valgrind understand how kernel traps work in general on the system in question;
+and how all the individual kernel calls affect memory.
+The latter step is where most of the work is,
+as the behaviour of each single [[system call]] needs to be described.
+
+Compared to Linux,
+[[microkernel/Mach]] (the microkernel used by the Hurd) has very few kernel traps.
+Almost all [[system call]]s are implemented as [[RPC]]s instead --
+either handled by Mach itself, or by the various [[Hurd servers|hurd/translator]].
+All RPCs use a pair of `mach_msg` invocations:
+one to send a request message, and one to receive a reply.
+However, while all RPCs use the same `mach_msg` trap,
+the actual effect of the call varies greatly depending on which RPC is invoked --
+similar to the `ioctl` call on Linux.
+Each request thus must be handled individually.
+
+Unlike `ioctl`,
+the RPC invocations have explicit type information for the parameters though,
+which can be retrieved from the message header.
+By analyzing the parameters of the RPC reply message,
+Valgrind can know exactly which memory regions are affected by that call,
+even without specific knowledge of the RPC in question.
+Thus implementing a general parser for the reply messages
+will already give Valgrind a fairly good approximation of memory validity --
+without having to specify the exact semantic of each RPC by hand.
+
+While this should make Valgrind quite usable on the Hurd already, it's not perfect:
+some RPCs might return a buffer that is only partially filled with valid data;
+or some reply parameters might be optional,
+and only contain valid data under certain conditions.
+Such specific semantics can't be deduced from the message headers alone.
+Thus for a complete port,
+it will still be necessary to go through the list of all known RPCs,
+and implement special handling in Valgrind for those RPCs that need it.
+
+The goal of this task is at minimum to make Valgrind grok Mach traps,
+and to implement the generic RPC handler.
+Ideally, specific handling for RPCs needing it should also be implemented.
+
+Completing this project will require digging into Valgrind's handling of [[system call]]s,
+and into Hurd RPCs.
+It is not an easy task, but a fairly predictable one --
+there shouldn't be any unexpected difficulties,
+and no major design work is necessary.
+It doesn't require any specific previous knowledge:
+only good programming skills in general.
+On the other hand,
+the student will obtain a good understanding of Hurd RPCs while working on this task,
+and thus perfect qualifications for Hurd development in general :-)
+
+Possible mentors: Samuel Thibault (youpi)
+
+Exercise: As a starter,
+students can try to teach valgrind a couple of Linux ioctls,
+as this will make them learn how to use the read/write primitives of valgrind.
diff --git a/persistency.mdwn b/persistency.mdwn
index f5347a4e..36f90c8a 100644
--- a/persistency.mdwn
+++ b/persistency.mdwn
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A persistent object is an object that survives reboot.
 On [[Unix]], files and directories are persistent but
-processes and file descriptors are not.  [[microkernel/EROS]] is
+processes and [[unix/file_descriptor]]s are not.  [[microkernel/EROS]] is
 an example of an orthogonally persistent system:
-processes and capabilities also survive reboot.  To a
+processes and [[capabilities|capability]] also survive reboot.  To a
 process, it generally only looks as if it had not been
 scheduled for a long time; the rest of its environment
 remains essentially the indistinguishable.
diff --git a/unix.mdwn b/unix.mdwn
index 601b36d1..bf361e2e 100644
--- a/unix.mdwn
+++ b/unix.mdwn
@@ -19,9 +19,49 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
     UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
     article by David Chisnall.
 
-  * [*Ghosts of Unix Past: a historical search for design
-    patterns*](http://lwn.net/Articles/411845/) (2010-10-27) by Neil Brown,
-    including file descriptors and the single, hierarchical namespace.
+  * The first in the series, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_1}} introduces the concepts
+    of [[file_descriptor]]s and the single, hierarchical [[namespace]].
+
+    Next, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_2}} discusses issues with *conflated designs*
+    such as the `mount` command (a problem we have partly solved / solved
+    differently with our [[hurd/translator]] approach and the
+    [[hurd/virtual_file_system]]), and the plethora of flags that can be passed
+    to the `open` [[system_call]].
+
+    In {{$2010_brown_ghosts_3}}, he deals with *unfixable designs*, such as
+    [[UNIX signals|glibc/signals]] and the *UNIX permission model* (which is
+    clearly inferior to a [[capability]]-based system).
 
   * [*UNIX File Permissions*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2004/perms.html)
-    (2004) by Richard Kettlewell.
+    (2004) by Richard Kettlewell.  ([[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]<!--
+    TODO: split out UNIX permission stuff into unix/file_permissions or
+    something.  -->)
+
+
+[[!ymlfront data="""
+
+djb_self-pipe:
+
+    D. J. Bernstein's [*self-pipe trick*](http://cr.yp.to/docs/selfpipe.html)
+
+rjk_fork:
+
+    Richard Kettlewell's suggestions about [*how fork(2) ought to
+    be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html)
+
+2010_brown_ghosts_1:
+
+    "Neil Brown's 2010-10-27 article [*Ghosts of Unix Past: a historical search
+    for design patterns*](http://lwn.net/Articles/411845/)"
+
+2010_brown_ghosts_2:
+
+    "Neil Brown's 2010-11-04 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 2: Conflated
+    designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/412131/)"
+
+2010_brown_ghosts_3:
+
+    "Neil Brown's 2010-11-16 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 3: Unfixable
+    designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/414618/)"
+
+"""]]
diff --git a/unix/file_descriptor.mdwn b/unix/file_descriptor.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16e03fdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unix/file_descriptor.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+A *file descriptor* is a [[concept]] of [[UNIX]], and represents a
+non-[[persistent|persistency]] handle to an object (a file, for example).  With
+respect to specific aspects, it is comparable to a [[capability]].
diff --git a/virtualization.mdwn b/virtualization.mdwn
index 3a207ae8..78457eb9 100644
--- a/virtualization.mdwn
+++ b/virtualization.mdwn
@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@ id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+  * [[hurd/virtualization]] in the GNU Hurd's context.
+
 
 # External
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 238c43499c4e08562024c3ef59e50aa365b5f1b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Tue, 7 Dec 2010 14:26:40 +0100
Subject: Some bits about L4 and Coyotos.

---
 history/port_to_l4.mdwn          |  10 ++-
 hurd/ng.mdwn                     |   2 -
 hurd/ng/choiceofmicrokernel.mdwn |   4 -
 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn    |  12 ---
 hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn  |  11 ---
 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn   |  23 ++++--
 kernel.mdwn                      |  21 +++++
 microkernel.mdwn                 |  32 ++++++--
 microkernel/coyotos.mdwn         |  30 +++++++
 microkernel/l4.mdwn              |  21 +++++
 unix.mdwn                        |   2 +
 unsorted/HurdOnL4.mdwn           | 173 ---------------------------------------
 unsorted/HurdOnL4/menu.lst       |  55 -------------
 unsorted/PortToL4.mdwn           |  42 ----------
 14 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 315 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 hurd/ng/choiceofmicrokernel.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
 create mode 100644 kernel.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/coyotos.mdwn
 create mode 100644 microkernel/l4.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/HurdOnL4.mdwn
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/HurdOnL4/menu.lst
 delete mode 100644 unsorted/PortToL4.mdwn

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
index cdf048e6..b58c0d91 100644
--- a/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
+++ b/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
-Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
+2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@@ -100,3 +100,9 @@ A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
 > that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
 > system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
 > clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
+
+
+The source code is still available in [CVS module
+`hurd-l4`](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/hurd/hurd-l4/) (note that
+this repository has in the beginning also been used for Neal's
+[[microkernel/Viengoos]]).
diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn
index fb4d742f..de33949d 100644
--- a/hurd/ng.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas.
 
 This section explains the motivations behind the new design:
 
-  * [[Issues_with_Mach]]
   * [[Issues_with_L4_Pistachio]]
   * [[Limitations_of_the_original_Hurd_design]]
 
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ A [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available.
 
 ## Implementation
 
-* [[ChoiceOfMicrokernel]]
 * [[HurdInterafaces]]
 * [[PosixLayer]]
 * [[SystemStructure]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/choiceofmicrokernel.mdwn b/hurd/ng/choiceofmicrokernel.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 20ee6f05..00000000
--- a/hurd/ng/choiceofmicrokernel.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-TBD
-
-* [[MicrokernelL4]]
-* [[MicrokernelCoyotos]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn b/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fac498f..00000000
--- a/hurd/ng/issues_with_mach.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-  * [[open issues/Resource Management Problems]]
-  * [[Critique]]
diff --git a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn b/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 2340901d..00000000
--- a/hurd/ng/microkernelcoyotos.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# <a name="The_Coyotos_microkernel"> The Coyotos microkernel </a>
-
-[Coyotos](http://www.coyotos.org/index.html) is a microkernel and OS and the successor of EROS, that itself is the successor of KeyKOS. A more complete history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html). Its main objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of EROS, demonstrate that an atomic kernel design scales well, and (eventually) to completely formally verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new language called [bitc](http://www.bitc-lang.org/).  [See [l4.verified](http://nicta.com.au/research/projects/l4.verified) for work on formally verifying an L4 microkernel.]
-
-Coyotos is an orthogonally persistent pure capability system. It uses
-continuation based unbuffered asynchronous IPC (actually it's synchronous IPC
-with asynchronous [[system calls]]).
-
-TODO: explain these terms and (more important) their consequences on system design.
-
-The coyotos microkernel specification can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/docs/ukernel/spec.html)
diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
index 0b8f7ef6..7a7f3d43 100644
--- a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
+2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]]
 
-The Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the [[Unix]] kernel.
+The Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for [[UNIX]], a popular operating
+system [[kernel]].
 
 The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different
 components may interact.  The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual
@@ -22,11 +23,19 @@ process to implement a file system.  The only requirement is that it have
 access to its backing store and that the [[principal]] that started it own the
 file system node to which it connects.
 
-The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols.
-They include file systems, network protocols and authentication.
+The Hurd is also a set of [[servers|translator]] that implement these
+protocols.  They include file systems, network protocols and authentication.
 The servers run on top of the [[microkernel/Mach]] [[microkernel]] and use
 Mach's [[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information.
 
+The Hurd provides a compatibility layer such that compiling higher level
+programs is essentially transparent; that is, by means of the [[glibc]], it
+provides the same standard interfaces known from other [[UNIX]]-like systems.
+Thus, for a typical user, the Hurd is intended to silently work in the
+background providing the services and infrastructure which the [[microkernel]]
+itself has no business implementing, but that are required for higher level
+programs and libraries to operate.
+
 The Hurd supplies the last major software component needed for a complete
 [[GNU_operating_system|running/gnu]] as originally conceived by Richard
 M. Stallman (RMS) in 1983.  The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has
diff --git a/kernel.mdwn b/kernel.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8190660e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The kernel of an operating system is a fundamental program which provides
+essential resources from the hardware of the computer to other programs.
+
+A kernel typically runs all the time and remains resident in main memory.
+
+The amount of functionality and resources which it provides vary tremendously.
+
+  * [[microkernel]]
+
+  * [[UNIX]]
diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn
index e2d70c01..17344689 100644
--- a/microkernel.mdwn
+++ b/microkernel.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+A *microkernel* is one kind of a [[kernel]] implementation.
 
 [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642)
 that a microkernel attempts to minimize the mandatory part of the operating
@@ -19,12 +22,10 @@ The idea of a microkernel as explained above was first explored
 by Per Brinch-Hansen in 1970 in
 [The Nucleus of a Multiprogramming System](http://brinch-hansen.net/papers/1970a.pdf).
 
-Other notable microkernels include [[Hydra]], [[KeyKOS]], [[Eros]] and [[L4]].
-
 An [introduction](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/ulfar/ukernel/ukernel.html) by 
 Úlfar Erlingsson and Athanasios Kyparlis (from 1996) to microkernel concepts.
 
-[[Research]].  [[Viengoos]].
+[[Research]].
 
 [[Microkernels_for_beginners|for_beginners]].
 
@@ -32,4 +33,21 @@ A 2002 article about [[microkernel_FUD|FUD]] (Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt).
 
 [[FAQ]].
 
-[[Mach]].
+
+# Implementations
+
+  * [[Hydra]]
+
+  * [[KeyKOS]]
+
+  * [[Mach]] -- used by the GNU/Hurd
+
+  * [[EROS]]
+
+  * [[CapROS]]
+
+  * [[Coyotos]]
+
+  * [[L4]]
+
+  * [[Viengoos]]
diff --git a/microkernel/coyotos.mdwn b/microkernel/coyotos.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ecea688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/coyotos.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="Coyotos"]]
+
+[*Coyotos*](http://www.coyotos.org/) is a microkernel and OS and the successor
+of [[EROS]], that itself is the successor of [[KeyKOS]].  A more complete
+history can be found [here](http://www.coyotos.org/history.html).  Its main
+objectives are to correcte some shortcomings of [[EROS]], demonstrate that an
+atomic kernel design scales well, and (eventually) to completely formally
+verify both the kernel and critical system components by writing them in a new
+language called [bitc](http://www.bitc-lang.org/).
+
+Coyotos is an orthogonally [[persistent|persistency]] pure [[capability]]
+system.  It uses [[continuation]]-based unbuffered asynchronous [[IPC]]
+(actually it's synchronous [[IPC]] with asynchronous [[system calls]]).
+
+TODO: explain these terms and (more important) their consequences on system
+design.
+
+The coyotos microkernel specification can be found
+[here](http://www.coyotos.org/docs/ukernel/spec.html).
diff --git a/microkernel/l4.mdwn b/microkernel/l4.mdwn
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..970407be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/microkernel/l4.mdwn
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+The [*L4* microkernel](http://l4ka.org/) is an attempt to create a very small
+high performace core which provides basic memory management, task and context
+switching, and little else.
+
+[L4Ka Pistachio Home](http://l4ka.org/projects/pistachio/).
+
+See [l4.verified](http://nicta.com.au/research/projects/l4.verified) for work
+on formally verifying an L4 microkernel.
+
+There was a GNU/Hurd [[history/port_to_L4]], which is now stalled.
diff --git a/unix.mdwn b/unix.mdwn
index bf361e2e..3cfe7771 100644
--- a/unix.mdwn
+++ b/unix.mdwn
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 [[!meta title="UNIX"]]
 
+*UNIX* is a [[kernel]] implementation.
+
 
 # External
 
diff --git a/unsorted/HurdOnL4.mdwn b/unsorted/HurdOnL4.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index 79e7a714..00000000
--- a/unsorted/HurdOnL4.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-# <a name="GNU_Hurd_on_L4_wiki"> GNU/Hurd on L4 wiki </a>
-
-## <a name="Introduction"> Introduction </a>
-
-This page is a place for information pertaining to the efforts towards realizing the migration and porting of the [[Hurd]] such that it uses the [L4 Microkernel](http://l4ka.org/). The GNU/Hurd Operating System, sometimes just referred to as the _GNU Operating System_ is a rich and robust collection of programs and utilities which enable you to use your computer to do usefull and or entertaining things. The intent is that most any applicable software package available on the [GNU Website](http://www.gnu.org) (and many others also) will be able to be compiled and run under the resultant operating system.
-
-At this point (06/20/2004) this is not yet possible. Indeed, the preliminary foundations are still being developed. Nevertheless, this is a volunteer created operating system so those with the knowledge, interest, and spare time are encouraged to study and if possible contribute to the project.
-
-In [CVS module <samp>hurd-l4</samp>](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/hurd/hurd-l4/), there is a [comprehensive list of items that need to be done](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/hurd/hurd-l4/TODO).
-
-## <a name="Components_of_the_System"> Components of the System </a>
-
-### <a name="The_L4_Microkernel"> The L4 Microkernel </a>
-
-The kernel of an operating system is a fundamental program which provides essential resources from the hardware of the computer to other programs. A kernel typically runs all the time and remains resident in main memory. The amount of functionality and resources which it provides vary tremendously. The [L4 Microkernel](http://l4ka.org/) is an attempt to create a very small high performace core which provides basic memory management, task and context switching, and little else.
-
-### <a name="The_Hurd"> The Hurd </a>
-
-The [Hurd](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html) is a conglomeration of servers and programs which add additional functionality to a microkernel such that it is capable of utilizing additional hardware resources of the computer. It also provides a compatibility layer such that compiling higher level programs is essentially transparent; i.e. when you write a C program and compile it, you need only include standard headers and libraries and for all intents and purposes your generic program will build and run and you need never resort to unportable coding or access to hardware specific methods.
-
-For a typical user, The Hurd is intended to silently work in the background providing the services and infrastructure which are lacking in the microkernel but are required for higher level programs and libraries to operate.
-
-### <a name="GNU_Programs"> GNU Programs </a>
-
-For the user, this is what is desired: to run [GNU Software](http://www.gnu.org/). These programs provide a full featured, robust, and extremely effective operating system. A L4/Hurd system should be capable of compiling and executing most any software package available from GNU with little or no modification.
-
-Some readers may be familiar with GNU/Linux systems. When GNU/L4 is complete it should highly resemble the functionality of such systems as L4 and Hurd effectively replace the Linux kernel. The bulk of the software should be expected to run much as it does presently under the Linux kernel (or gnumach based GNU/Hurd systems).
-
-## <a name="Preparations"> Preparations </a>
-
-### <a name="Build_System"> Build System </a>
-
-There are no precompiled binaries for Hurd on L4 that I am aware of, so you will need to be able to compile the source code packages in order to experiment with it. While L4Ka will likely build on a variety of compilers and systems, the Hurd may prove troublesome unless it is built using recent GNU compilers and tools.
-
-I recently used [Debian Unstable](http://www.debian.org) (Sarge) with GNU gcc version 3.3, autoconf version 2.50, and automake version 1.8 to build the system with good results, although other similarly equipped systems with a good development environment, such as [Gentoo](http://www.gentoo.org) or [Slackware](http://www.slackware.com) are reported to work fine also.
-
-Generally, I would recommend building the packages using any very up-to-date GNU development system. I'm not going to say that you can't compile them using more exotic platforms, but I wouldn't be overly hopefull about it. I have no idea if Pistachio can be compiled under current gnuMach/Hurd systems it might be interesting to try it.
-
-### <a name="Making_a_Home_for_L4_Hurd"> Making a Home for L4/Hurd </a>
-
-Obviously you want to have a home for this little embryonic operating system. Currently, mine is using about 5M for the binaries and headers. If you want the source to reside with the binaries, then allow perhaps another 50M or so, but this is purely optional.
-
-At the moment, Hurd on L4 can't even see your hard drive, so all you need is a directory on some partition which is visible to the GRUB bootloader. A `/l4hurd` directory on your existing GNU/Linux system is probably fine for now.
-
-Howevever, if you have some spare disk space or an unused partition, you could optionally create a small partition for the system. This is totally unnecessary at the moment because L4/Hurd lacks hard disk drivers right now, but it is an option. Assuming that you have made some partition **X** with linux _fdisk_, set it to type 83 - Linux and use the following command to initialize it with the classic Hurd extensions:
-
-
-
-As noted, this is purely optional, in fact right now you can use any filesystem that GRUB can understand. You can even use TFTP to netboot the system. My current setup takes about 5M for the full install so obviously you don't need much space for this.
-
-### <a name="Boot_Loader"> Boot Loader </a>
-
-Just like regular GNU/Hurd, you need to use [GNU GRUB](http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/), the _GRand Unified Bootloader_ in order to boot the system. Hopefully you already have it installed, in which case adding the commands for L4/Hurd to your `menu.lst` is quite trivial.
-
-If you don't have GRUB installed, then you should probably take some time to get it set up. A good place to look for help is on the regular [Debian GNU/Hurd Installation Page](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install) at the **3\. The Boot Loader** section.
-
-This is probably a bit superfluous, but you can even display a snazzy little graphic of some type on your GRUB boot menu. Here's a snip from the header of my `menu.lst` which demonstrates how to do this.
-
-    # menu for grub
-    splashimage (hd0,0)/boot/grub/debian.xpm
-    foreground bfbfe7
-    background 3f3f7f
-
-In the above example, my `debian.xpm` is just a 640x480 graphic in xpm format (which you can easily create with GIMP). It does add a bit of pizazz to your boot screen :-)
-
-In fact, I will attach a sample copy of my `menu.lst` here. It has lots of examples for booting a variety of operating systems in it. Remember that my hard drive partitions are unique to my system.
-
-* [[ATTACHURLmenulst]]: Sample GRUB boot menu
-
-## <a name="Building_Hurd_on_L4"> Building Hurd on L4 </a>
-
-### <a name="L4Ka_Pistachio"> L4Ka Pistachio </a>
-
-#### <a name="Getting_the_Sources"> Getting the Sources </a>
-
-I used the latest version of L4Ka, Pistachio version 0.4. It can be obtained from the following website:
-
-[L4Ka Pistachio Home](http://l4ka.org/projects/pistachio/)
-
-#### <a name="Compiling"> Compiling </a>
-
-Pistachio is designed to be compiled in a build directory which is independant from the source directory, so you need to create your build directory after unpacking the tarball. Furthermore, you need to pass a couple of special parameters to the configure program to set it up for use with Hurd. Here is what I did on my ia32 system:
-
-Note: I have my installation set up in `/l4hurd` and I am starting from within the Pistachio source top-level directory.
-
-    $ mkdir build
-    $ cd build
- Building and installing user-level libraries and servers/applications
-    $ ../user/configure --with-s0-linkbase=0x40000 --prefix=/l4hurd
-    $ make
-    $ make install
- Building and installing the kernel
-    $ make -C ../kernel BUILDDIR=`pwd`/kernel
-    $ cd kernel
-    $ make menuconfig
-    $ make
-    $ mkdir /l4hurd/boot
-    $ cp ia32-kernel /l4hurd/boot
-
-Hopefully everything worked and there were no problems. As usual, if the build fails then scrutinize the output from `configure` and install any missing libraries or development packages.
-
-### <a name="CVS_l4hurd"> CVS l4hurd </a>
-
-#### <a name="Getting_the_sources"> Getting the sources </a>
-
- You need to pull the L4 Hurd sources from the CVS tree on Savannah. The CVS access page is [The GNU/Hurd - CVS (module hurd-l4)](http://savannah.gnu.org/cvs/?group=hurd). In a nutshell, the following commands should retrieve the sources for you:
-
-    $ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/sources/hurd co hurd-l4
-
-#### <a name="Compiling"> Compiling </a>
-
-Take a look at the README, compiling should be quite simple on any state of the art GNU development system. As per the README, and for my example, you would:
-
-    $ autoreconf -f -i -s
-    $ ./configure --enable-maintainer-mode --prefix=/l4hurd
-    $ make
-    $ make install
-    $ strip physmem/physmem
-
-    $ mkdir /l4hurd/boot
-    $ cp laden/laden /l4hurd/boot
-    $ cp wortel/wortel /l4hurd/boot
-    $ cp physmem/physmem /l4hurd/boot
-
-Currently (2004/08/09), physmem needs to be stripped to to avoid a memory conflict with wortel; this requirement may be fixed in the future.
-
-In my case it was slightly more complicated as Debian uses a wrapper system to enable the use of multiple versions of the GNU Autotools. In this case, the trick is to utilize some environment variables on the command line as follows:
-
-    $ ACLOCAL=aclocal-1.8 AUTOMAKE=automake-1.8 autoreconf -f -i -s
-
-As above, hopefully this will compile cleanly; otherwise, scroll up, read any error messages, and correct them by installing required packages of the proper version. Any bad compilation problems are most likely due to you either missing or using a wrong version of something.
-
-## <a name="Installing"> Installing </a>
-
-The binaries are now installed into `/l4hurd`. All that remains is to add an entry into GRUB's `menu.lst` in order to test it out. Here's an example from my system where I have `/l4hurd` on `/dev/hda9` in my Linux system:
-
-    title GNU Hurd on L4Ka Pistachio 0.4
-    root (hd0,8)
-    kernel /boot/laden -D
-    module /boot/ia32-kernel
-    module /libexec/l4/sigma0
-    module /boot/wortel -D
-    module /boot/physmem -D
-    module /boot/physmem
-    module /boot/physmem
-    module /boot/physmem
-    module /boot/physmem
-
-It might strike you a little odd that there are five physmem modules. This is done because wortel currently (2004/08/09) expects exactly five modules and the other modules (like the task server, auth server, etc.) have not been implemented yet. Therefore the physmem module is used as a dummy module.
-
-## <a name="Booting"> Booting </a>
-
-For me at least, I got some nifty messages and then it dropped into a simple debugging mode. As far as I know, thats all there is right now.
-
-Read, build, learn, code...
-
---todo: add more here.
-
-## <a name="Experimenting"> Experimenting </a>
-
-Well, thats why you did all of this, certainly not to do anything else. Use that debugger and get experimenting.
-
---todo: things to do wth the debugger
-
-## <a name="Conclusion"> Conclusion </a>
-
-If you followed these steps, you most likely have built and booted the latest version of Hurd on L4. I would encourage you to subscribe to the mailing list at the following URL and help in the efforts to get this nifty system up to speed:
-
-[l4-hurd mailing list](http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/l4-hurd)
-
-And finally, this is a wiki, meaning that **you** have the ability to edit and modify this page. If you want to fix something, add more information, new sub-pages, whatever, feel free to do so. This is a great way to get a doc base up fast and keep it current, so use it like its supposed to be and have fun with Hurd on L4!
-
--- [[Main/BDouglasHilton]] - 20 Jun 2004
diff --git a/unsorted/HurdOnL4/menu.lst b/unsorted/HurdOnL4/menu.lst
deleted file mode 100644
index 3129ea74..00000000
--- a/unsorted/HurdOnL4/menu.lst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-# menu for grub
-splashimage (hd0,0)/boot/grub/debian.xpm
-foreground bfbfe7
-background 3f3f7f
-
-timeout 30
-default 0
-
-title Debian Sid with Linux kernel 2.6.5
-root (hd0,1)
-kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 vga=0x318
-
-title Debian Sid with old kernel
-root (hd0,1)
-kernel /vmlinuz.old root=/dev/hda2 vga=9
-
-title Microsoft Windows 2000
-rootnoverify (hd0,3)
-chainloader (hd0,3)+1
-
-title FreeDOS BETA 8.0
-root (hd0,0)
-chainloader +1
-
-title GNU Hurd on L4Ka Pistachio 0.4
-root (hd0,8)
-kernel /boot/laden -D
-module /boot/ia32-kernel
-module /libexec/l4/sigma0
-module /boot/wortel -D
-module /boot/physmem
-
-title Debian GNU/Hurd (gnumach)
-root (hd0,7)
-kernel /boot/kernel.gz root=device:hd0s8
-module /hurd/ext2fs.static --readonly \
-    --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} \
-    --host-priv-port=${host-port} \
-    --device-master-port=${device-port} \
-    --exec-server-task=${exec-task} \
-    -T typed ${root} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-# title Debian GNU/Hurd (oskit-mach)
-# root (hd3,0)
-# kernel /boot/kernel-ide -- root=hd0s1
-# module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T device ${root-device} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-# module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
-# title Debian GNU/Hurd (oskit-mach w/ remote debugging)
-# root (hd3,0)
-# kernel /boot/kernel-ide -d GDB_COM=1 BAUD=9600 -- root=hd0s1
-# module /hurd/ext2fs.static --multiboot-command-line=${kernel-command-line} --host-priv-port=${host-port} --device-master-port=${device-port} --exec-server-task=${exec-task} -T device ${root-device} $(task-create) $(task-resume)
-# module /lib/ld.so.1 /hurd/exec $(exec-task=task-create)
-
diff --git a/unsorted/PortToL4.mdwn b/unsorted/PortToL4.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index fb7f0004..00000000
--- a/unsorted/PortToL4.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-**_The Hurd-L4 port has an [official page](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-l4.html) with more up-to-date information_** -- [[Main/OgnyanKulev]] - 05 Feb 2005
-
-A group of one being led by Neal H. Walfield is working on porting the Hurd to the pistachio version of the L4 microkernel. This second generation microkernel provides a significantly different API than the one offered by the Mach microkernel, a first generation microkernel. One of the primary goals of the project, outside of porting the Hurd to L4, is to reevaluate the current Hurd abstractions and consider how they can be modified to be more general.
-
-I have no web page describing my efforts. There is a mailing list[1].
-
-[1] <http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/l4-hurd>
-
--- Neal Walfield, 18 Sep 2002
-
-Neal noted [1] that there are licensing issues being worked out so no code is yet released. His work was performed in the summer of 2002 at Karlsruhe.
-
-[1] <http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/l4-hurd/2002-September/000673.html>
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 21 Sep 2002
-
-There are several important pages that are of interest for the L4 &amp; hurd communities.
-
-* Main L4 home page - <http://www.l4ka.org/>
-* Hurd on L4 - <http://www.freesoftware.fsf.org/l4hurd/>
-* Hurd on L4 - <http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/l4hurd/>
-* <http://www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~ganter/comp/l4-hurd.html>
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 22 May 2002
-
-<http://os.inf.tu-dresden.de/fiasco/>
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 24 Oct 2002
-
-There was [discussion in October 2002](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/l4-hurd/2002-October/000727.html) about the differences between Hurd on Mach and Hurd on L4 with some interesting URLs. In the thread Okuji [responds](http://mail.gnu.org/pipermail/l4-hurd/2002-October/000728.html) confirming his document is two years old and outdated by the directions that Neal is taking in furthering this effort. The URLs in that email might be helpful to those learning more about Hurd and L4 ideas that were considered yet abandoned.
-
--- [[Main/GrantBow]] - 04 Jan 2003
-
-A "Porting GNU Hurd to L4" website:
-
-* <http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/l4-hurd.html>
-
--- [[Main/SebastianGabriel]] - 29 Sep 2003
-
-The only valid L4-Hurd link on <http://hurd.gnu.org> is <http://www.freesoftware.fsf.org/l4hurd/>
-
--- [[Main/JoachimNilsson]] - 29 Sep 2003
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a443aefc2e130efeb1c76edd91cb950d90ad6adf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Schwinge <thomas@schwinge.name>
Date: Sat, 11 Dec 2010 10:09:39 +0100
Subject: hurd/subhurd: Add use case: debugging the main Hurd system

---
 hurd/subhurd.mdwn | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'hurd')

diff --git a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
index 5b132604..84372dd1 100644
--- a/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
+++ b/hurd/subhurd.mdwn
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc."]]
 
 [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
 id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
 Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled
-[[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
 
 A sub-Hurd is like a [[neighbor_Hurd|neighborhurd]], however, makes use of some
 resources provided by another Hurd.  For instance, backing store and the
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@ attach to them with gdb from the parent
 ([[debugging_via_subhurds|debugging/subhurd]]).  This avoids deadlock, e.g.,
 when the instance of gdb stops the server but requires its use.  (Note: it is
 possible to use [[debugging/gdb/noninvasive_debugging]], but this is less
-flexible.)
+flexible.)  Vice versa, it is also possible to use a subhurd to debug the
+*main* Hurd system, for example, the latter's root file system.
 
 
 # Howto
@@ -105,9 +107,9 @@ inside the subhurd, or to `ssh` directly into the subhurd.
 
 If you want to access the subhurd processes from the outside, e.g. for
 [[debugging_purposes|debugging/subhurd]] (or to get rid of a subhurd that
-didn't exit cleanly...), you need to find out how main Hurd PIDs correspond to
+didn't exit cleanly...), you need to find out how main Hurd [[PID]]s correspond to
 subhurd processes: the subhurd processes appear in the main Hurd (e.g. if doing
-`ps -e`) as unknown processes, and vice versa, but the PIDs are different!  To
+`ps -e`) as unknown processes, and vice versa, but the [[PID]]s are different!  To
 find out which process is which, you can simply compare the order -- while the
 numbers are different, the order should usually match.  Often it also helps to
 look at the number of threads (e.g. using `ps -l`), as many servers have very
@@ -119,3 +121,20 @@ characteristic thread counts.
 Read about using a subhurd for [[debugging_purposes|debugging/subhurd]].
 
 Roland's tutorial about [[running_a_subhurd]].
+
+
+# Use Cases
+
+## Debugging the *Main* Hurd System
+
+A subhurd can be used for debugging the *main* Hurd system.  This works as long
+as the subhurd doesn't use any services provided by the main Hurd.  For
+example, if you already have a subhurd running at the time it happens, you can
+use that one to debug a deadlocked [[translator/ext2fs]] root file system in
+the *main* Hurd.
+
+For this, you need to get a handle to the main Hurd's [[ext2fs
+translator|translator/ext2fs]]'s [[PID]], but this is no problem, as currently
+[[PID]]s are visible across subhurd boundaries.  (It is a [[!taglink
+open_issue_hurd]] whether this is the right thing to do in
+[[open_issues/virtualization]] contexts, but that's how it currently is.)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3