From 1b21d156dd420089325c0905f3814d0e12987f90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Schwinge Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 09:37:40 +0100 Subject: Remove old redirection pages. All URLs will change nevertheless. --- Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn | 11 ----------- 1 file changed, 11 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn (limited to 'Hurd') diff --git a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn b/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn deleted file mode 100644 index 21448e60..00000000 --- a/Hurd/GNUHurdStatus.mdwn +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - -[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable -id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this -document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant -Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled -[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] - -[[meta redir=hurd/status]] -- cgit v1.2.3 From d1e821a382c0b07ba74dc7d6c4c68458773b3484 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Schwinge Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 11:32:58 +0100 Subject: Update copyright years. --- Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'Hurd') diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn index 806ee1a1..2cd05999 100644 --- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn +++ b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008 Free Software +Foundation, Inc."]] [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this -- cgit v1.2.3 From 1025353771167067d3a6f8eca98ee3e7ece44be1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Schwinge Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 12:29:44 +0100 Subject: Unify perhaps a thousand paragraphs stating what *the Hurd* is. Hurd/TheGnuHurd -> hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking -> hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking Hurd/HurdNames, hurd-name.html -> hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name Etc. --- Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn | 64 --------------- Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn | 30 ------- hurd-name.html | 53 ------------- hurd.html | 91 ---------------------- hurd.mdwn | 3 +- hurd/documentation.mdwn | 2 + hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn | 42 ---------- hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn | 42 ++++++++++ .../gramatically_speaking.mdwn | 52 +++++++++++++ hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn | 48 ++++++++++++ index.mdwn | 48 +++--------- old_hurd_faq.html | 12 --- sidebar.mdwn | 4 +- whatsnew.html | 68 ---------------- 14 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 401 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn delete mode 100644 Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn delete mode 100644 hurd-name.html delete mode 100644 hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn create mode 100644 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn create mode 100644 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn create mode 100644 hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn (limited to 'Hurd') diff --git a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn deleted file mode 100644 index 2cd05999..00000000 --- a/Hurd/HurdNames.mdwn +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] - -[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable -id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this -document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant -Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled -[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] - -[[toc ]] - -# The Acronym - -Hurd stands for "Hird of Unix Replacing Daemons." - -Hird stands for "Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth." - - -# Origin - -[Quoting ](http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2002-10/msg00099.html) Thomas Bushnell, BSG: - -The name "Hurd" was invented by me, as an alternate spelling for the English word "herd". -"Hird" is just another alternate spelling for the same word. By the normal rules of -English orthography, they all have the same pronunciations. - - -# Spelling, Usage and Pronunication - -The Hurd has its share of linguistic debate. The subject of proper usage comes up quite often. - -We call our kernel replacement \`\`the Hurd.'' Although Thomas Bushnell, BSG states that the -word \`\`Hurd'' is an acronym; we do not treat it as such, but rather as a concrete noun. -It is widely regarded as incorrect to use the term \`\`HURD'' or \`\`H.U.R.D.'' So, to -refer to the collection of servers running on top of the microkernel, we would say, -\`\`I have upgraded to the latest version of the Hurd.'' Since the Hurd is part of -the GNU Project, we also refer to it as \`\`GNU Hurd'' which is treated as a proper noun. - -The Hurd, in conjunction with Mach, forms the core of the GNU operating system. -So, one can say \`\`I have installed GNU on my friend's new computer.'' The -Debian Project clarifies this by using the name \`\`Debian GNU/Hurd'', because -it also distributes the GNU/Linux variant of GNU. - -To pronounce the word \`\`Hurd,'' you should say the English word \`\`herd.'' This is pronounced as \`\`hɚd'' using the International Phonetic Alphabet. - -# In Other Contexts - -One contributor from Norway described two other uses of Hird. - -* "the kings men", a name given to the men accompanying the Norwegian kings at about -year 1000 and on. -This was later coined by V. Quisling when he formed a party with -nationalistic traits to denote a set of helpers promoting his agenda -of national & Nordic ideas. - -* A symbol of collaboration with the (German) enemy used in World War II. - -Perhaps unrelated: the "herd mentality" of folks is what the Hurd project -and the the GNU project in general is fighting against, and using the Hurd it is -very easy to do so, since even normal users without privileged can change things -deep inside the system - without restricting others in any way (see -[translators](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-doc-translator)). diff --git a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn b/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn deleted file mode 100644 index dbd5c721..00000000 --- a/Hurd/TheGnuHurd.mdwn +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, -Inc."]] - -[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable -id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this -document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant -Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled -[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] - -The Hurd is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels. - -The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different -components may interact. The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual -[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more [[extensible|extensibility]] -system. These include interface definitions to manipulate files and -directories and to resolve path names. This allows any process to -implement a file system. The only requirement is that it have access -to its backing store and that the principal that started it own the -file system node to which it connects. - -The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols. -They include fie systems, network protocols and authentication. -The servers run on top of the [[microkernel/Mach]] [[microkernel]] and use -Mach's [[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information. - -The Hurd development effort is a somewhat separate project from the -Debian GNU/Hurd port. The Hurd is a component of the GNU operating -system. diff --git a/hurd-name.html b/hurd-name.html deleted file mode 100644 index 946045d1..00000000 --- a/hurd-name.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ - - - -What the name Hurd means - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) - - - -

What the name ``Hurd'' means

- [image of a Hurd Metafont Logo] (jpeg 10k) -(jpeg 20k) -no gifs due to patent problems - -

- -"Hurd" stands for "Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons". -And, then, "Hird" stands for "Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth". - -

- -We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a -pair of mutually recursive acronyms. - -

- ----Thomas (formerly Michael I.) Bushnell - -

- -Return to GNU's home page. -

-FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to -gnu@gnu.org. -Other ways to contact the FSF. -

-Comments on these web pages to -web-hurd@gnu.org, -send other questions to -gnu@gnu.org. -

-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc., -59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA -

-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is -permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.

-Updated: - -16 Feb 1998 tower - -

- - diff --git a/hurd.html b/hurd.html index b0eb9f80..d5dcf7b9 100644 --- a/hurd.html +++ b/hurd.html @@ -1,85 +1,3 @@ - - - -The GNU Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) - - - - - - - - - - -
- [image of the Hurd logo] -
-[ - - - Chinese(Simplified) -| Chinese(Traditional) -| Dutch -| English -| Esperanto -| Greek -| Hebrew -| Italian -| Polish -| Spanish -] -
-What's New
- 
-ChangeLogs
- 
-Documentation
-

-GNU Hurd
- 
-Installation
-Getting Help
-Source Code
-Development
-History
- 
-GNU Mach
- 
-Installation
-Source Code
- 
-GNU MIG
- 
-Source Code
- 
-Related Projects -

 -
-

-

Table of Contents

- -

-

- -

Introduction to the Hurd

-

-The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel. -The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel -to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and -other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar -kernels (such as Linux). -

-Currently, the Hurd runs on IA32 machines. The Hurd should, and -probably will, be ported to other hardware architectures or other -microkernels in the future. -

Advantages of the Hurd

The Hurd is not the most advanced kernel known to the planet (yet), but it does have a number of enticing features: @@ -135,15 +53,6 @@ start using and developing it. -

What the Hurd means

-According to Thomas Bushnell, BSG, the primary architect of the Hurd: -
-`Hurd' stands for `Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons'. And, then, `Hird' -stands for `Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth'. We have here, to -my knowledge, the first software to be named by a pair of mutually -recursive acronyms. -
-

Status of the project

The Hurd, together with the GNU Mach microkernel, the GNU C Library diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn index 403c3df2..1577c1e5 100644 --- a/hurd.mdwn +++ b/hurd.mdwn @@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ # Introduction -* [[TheGnuHurd]] - A Brief Description -* [[HurdNames]] - Acronym, Origin and Usage +* [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] - A Brief Description * [[History]] * [[Logo]] * [[Status]] diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn index 4d431b0b..83fb9f0a 100644 --- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn +++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] + * [[FAQ]] * diff --git a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn deleted file mode 100644 index 7aa3edac..00000000 --- a/hurd/faq/gramatically_speaking.mdwn +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] - -[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable -id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this -document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant -Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled -[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] - -[[meta title="Grammatically speaking, what is the Hurd?"]] - -*Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*. *Hird*, in -turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*. - -We treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an -article, as in *the Hurd*. For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by -the Hurd, not by Mach.* Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*, -*HURD*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*. - -We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the Hurd* when we want to emphasize that -the Hurd is a GNU package. Once this has been made clear, we usually use the -shorter form, without *GNU*. - -The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system servers, -but also many more programs. This system is called *GNU*, or *the GNU -operating system*. The GNU programs can also run on other operating system -kernels. We say *GNU/Hurd* when we want to put emphasis on the fact that this -is the GNU system running on top of the Hurd, and to contrast it with the -GNU/Linux system which is GNU using Linux as the kernel. - -Finally, there is *Debian GNU/Hurd*. This refers to the distribution of the GNU -system as created by the Debian developers. For example: *What do you run on -your laptop? Debian GNU/Hurd, of course.* - -The French generally write *le Hurd*--that is, they treat the name as masculine -singular, capitalized as in English. - -When we are referring to the microkernel, we say *Mach* and use it as a proper -noun. For example: *Mach uses the device drivers found in version 2.0.x of -Linux.* We sometimes say *the Mach microkernel* instead of just *Mach*. diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b125fc48 --- /dev/null +++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free +Software Foundation, Inc."]] + +[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled +[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +[[meta title="What Is the GNU Hurd?"]] + +The Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the [[Unix]] kernel. + +The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different +components may interact. The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual +[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more +[[extensible|extensibility]] system. These include interface definitions to +manipulate files and directories and to resolve path names. This allows any +process to implement a file system. The only requirement is that it have +access to its backing store and that the [[principal]] that started it own the +file system node to which it connects. + +The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols. +They include file systems, network protocols and authentication. +The servers run on top of the [[microkernel/Mach]] [[microkernel]] and use +Mach's [[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information. + +The Hurd supplies the last major software component needed for a complete +[[GNU_operating_system|running/gnu]] as originally conceived by Richard +M. Stallman (RMS) in 1983. The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has +guided the evolution of the [Free Software Foundation](http://fsf.org/), the +organization that is the home of the [GNU project](http://gnu.org/gnu/). + +The Hurd development effort is a somewhat separate project from the +[[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] port. + + +Read about what the GNU Hurd is [[gramatically_speaking]]. + +Read about the [[origin_of_the_name]]. diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d5322693 --- /dev/null +++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/gramatically_speaking.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 Free Software +Foundation, Inc."]] + +[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled +[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +[[meta title="Grammatically speaking..."]] + +> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*. +> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*. + +The Hurd has its share of linguistic debate. The subject of proper usage comes +up quite often. + +Although [[Thomas_Bushnell_states|origin_of_the_name]] that the word *Hurd* is +an acronym; we do not treat it as such, but rather as a concrete noun. We +treat *Hurd* as a title rather than as a proper name: it requires an article, +as in *the Hurd*. For instance: *The ext2 filesystem is provided by the Hurd, +not by Mach.* Note that all of the following are incorrect: *Hurd*, *HURD*, +*H.U.R.D.*, *The HURD*, and *the hurd*. + +Since the Hurd is part of the GNU Project, we also refer to it as *GNU Hurd* +which is treated as a proper noun. We write *the GNU Hurd* instead of *the +Hurd* when we want to emphasize that the Hurd is a GNU package. Once this has +been made clear, we usually use the shorter form, without *GNU*. + +The whole operating system includes not only the kernel and the system servers, +but also many more programs. This system is called *GNU*, or *the GNU +operating system*. The GNU programs can also run on other operating system +kernels. We say *GNU/Hurd* when we want to put emphasis on the fact that this +is the GNU system running on top of the Hurd, and to contrast it with the +GNU/Linux system which is GNU using Linux as the kernel. + +Finally, there is *Debian GNU/Hurd*. This refers to the distribution of the GNU +system as created by the Debian developers. For example: *What do you run on +your laptop? Debian GNU/Hurd, of course.* + +The French generally write *le Hurd*--that is, they treat the name as masculine +singular, capitalized as in English. + +When we are referring to the microkernel, we say *Mach* and use it as a proper +noun. For example: *Mach uses the device drivers found in version 2.0.x of +Linux.* We sometimes say *the Mach microkernel* instead of just *Mach*. + + +To pronounce the word *Hurd*, you should say the English word *herd*. This is +pronounced as *hɚd* using the International Phonetic Alphabet. diff --git a/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..677f100d --- /dev/null +++ b/hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd/origin_of_the_name.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008 +Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] + +[[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled +[[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +[[meta title="Origin of the Name"]] + + + +According to Thomas Bushnell, the primary architect of the Hurd: + +> *Hurd*, as an acronym, stands for *Hird of [[Unix]]-Replacing Daemons*. +> *Hird*, in turn, stands for *Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth*. + +> We have here, to my knowledge, the first software to be named by a pair of +> mutually recursive acronyms. + +[Quoting](http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/help-hurd/2002-10/msg00099.html) +him further: + +> The name *Hurd* was invented by me, as an alternate spelling for the English +> word *herd*. *Hird* is just another alternate spelling for the same word. +> By the [[normal_rules_of_English_orthography|gramatically_speaking]], they +> all have the same pronunciations. + + +--- + + + +In other contexts: + +One contributor from Norway described two other uses of Hird. + + * "the kings men", a name given to the men accompanying the Norwegian kings at about + year 1000 and on. + + This was later coined by V. Quisling when he formed a party with + nationalistic traits to denote a set of helpers promoting his agenda of + national and Nordic ideas. + + * a symbol of collaboration with the (German) enemy used in World War II. diff --git a/index.mdwn b/index.mdwn index 410bf301..2d4dc61d 100644 --- a/index.mdwn +++ b/index.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free -Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 +Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] [[meta license="""[[toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,7 +9,15 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -Welcome to the GNU Hurd! +What Is the GNU Hurd? + +The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel. +The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel +to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and +other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar +kernels (such as Linux). *[[Read_on.|hurd/what_is_the_gnu_hurd]]* + +--- **There is a huge bunch of unpolished stuff on here, please help us to tidy things up!** Comments about how that could be tackled are best posted onto @@ -74,40 +82,6 @@ And these web pages are a living proof of the usability of the Hurd, as they are rendered on a Debian GNU/Hurd system. More people using GNU Hurd in production can be found on [[Hurd/WhoRunsGNU]]. -## What is the Hurd? - -The [[Hurd]] is GNU's replacement for the various UNIX and Linux kernels. - -The Hurd is firstly a collection of protocols formalizing how different -components may interact. The protocols are designed to reduce the mutual -[[trust]] requirements of the actors thereby permitting a more -[[extensible|Extensibility]] system. These include interface definitions -to manipulate files and directories and to resolve path names. This allows -any process to implement a file system. The only requirement is that it -have access to its backing store and that the principal that started it -own the file system node to which it connects. - -The Hurd is also a set of servers that implement these protocols. The -servers run on top of [[microkernel/Mach]] and use Mach's -[[microkernel/mach/IPC]] mechanism to transfer information. - -The word *Hurd* is commonly used to refer to one of the following: - - * the Hurd software that runs on top of a [[microkernel]] (most precisely) - * a machine running the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] distribution - * the [GNU Hurd](http://hurd.gnu.org/) project including related dependent - projects - * HIRD of UNIX Replacing Daemons (arguably) - * HIRD is an acronym for HURD Interfaces Representing Depth (arguably) - -The [[Hurd]] supplies the last major software component needed for a complete -[[GNU]] operating system as originally conceived by Richard M. Stallman (RMS) -in 1983. The GNU vision directly drove the creation and has guided the -evolution of the [Free Software Foundation](http://www.fsf.org/), the -organization that is the home of the [GNU project](http://www.gnu.org/gnu/). - -[[Hurd/HurdNames]] - ## Current Status diff --git a/old_hurd_faq.html b/old_hurd_faq.html index b310824b..8162184d 100644 --- a/old_hurd_faq.html +++ b/old_hurd_faq.html @@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ Original Document by: Derek Upham Contents: Q0. Where can I get the Unofficial GNU Hurd FAQ? -Q1. What is the Hurd? Q2. Where can I get a copy? Q3. Why bother writing a new OS when we have Linux and 386/BSD? Q4. What's all this about Mach 3.0 (and Mach 4.0)? @@ -52,17 +51,6 @@ You should receive a PGP-signed copy of the current version of this document in a matter of minutes. -Q1. What is the Hurd? - -The Hurd is the high-level operating system for GNU. It is currently -under development. GNU was designed as a replacement for Unix, so the -Hurd is multi-tasking and multi-user, POSIX-compliant, and will have -networking and X-windows and all that good stuff. - -Hurd is an acronym for ``Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons''. Hird, in -turn, is an acronym for ``Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth''. - - Q2. Where can I get a copy? To put it simply, you can't. It is still under development (by diff --git a/sidebar.mdwn b/sidebar.mdwn index 88723432..0ac0561c 100644 --- a/sidebar.mdwn +++ b/sidebar.mdwn @@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -[[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] +Welcome to... [[img hurd/logo/boxes-redrawn.png link=/hurd/logo]] ... the GNU +Hurd! * **[[Home|/index]]** * **[[Community]]** @@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ is included in the section entitled --- * **[[Hurd]]**[[if test="destpage(hurd*)" then=" - * *[[About|Hurd/TheGnuHurd]]* * *[[Hurd/Documentation]]* * *[[hurd/Running]]*"]] * **[[microkernel/Mach]]**[[if test="destpage(microkernel/mach*)" then=" diff --git a/whatsnew.html b/whatsnew.html index 7f2540ac..6c6a3340 100644 --- a/whatsnew.html +++ b/whatsnew.html @@ -1,71 +1,3 @@ - - - -The GNU Hurd - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) - - - - - - - - - - -
- [image of the Hurd logo] -[ - - - Dutch -| English -| Esperanto -| German -| Hebrew -| Polish -| Slovak -| Spanish -] -
-What's New
- 
-ChangeLogs
- 
-Documentation
-

-GNU Hurd
- 
-Installation
-Getting Help
-Source Code
-Development
-History
- 
-GNU Mach
- 
-Installation
-Source Code
- 
-GNU MIG
- 
-Source Code
- 
-Related Projects -

 -
-

What is the GNU Hurd?

-

-The GNU Hurd is the GNU project's replacement for the Unix kernel. -The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on the Mach microkernel -to implement file systems, network protocols, file access control, and -other features that are implemented by the Unix kernel or similar -kernels (such as Linux). -

-If you have any news related to the Hurd project, feel free to send a -news entry to web-hurd@gnu.org -so that it can be added here. -

What's new?

-- cgit v1.2.3 From 734a9cf7fa2fb84c1370f19247d725d95aa49220 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Schwinge Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2008 14:30:41 +0100 Subject: Move list of thanks to Hurd people. --- Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ acknowledgements.html | 110 ----------------------------------------------- 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 110 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 acknowledgements.html (limited to 'Hurd') diff --git a/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn index 201fbc6b..4e3f9666 100644 --- a/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn +++ b/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn @@ -28,3 +28,68 @@ Here's an unofficial list of Hurd developers and what they are working on. This * [Daniel Wagner](http://www.vis.ethz.ch/~wagi/) (wagi) - [pcmcia support for OSKit](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/oskit/) If we got any names wrong, please accept our apologies. + + +--- + +

Acknowledgements

 + +

We wish a warm ``Thank GNU'' to everybody who has helped in the +development of the Hurd. Here is a categorized list of people who +made significant contributions. If we have omitted anybody, we +apologize... please let us know so that we can update this list! + +

+
Hurd software
+
+
Mark Kettenis
+
many GNU C library and Hurd bug fixes and updates
+
Miles Bader
+
paid by the FSF to help make the Hurd usable as a standalone system, + wrote several important translators
+
OKUJI Yoshinori
+
many gnumach bug fixes and updates
+
Roland McGrath
+
paid by the FSF to design and implement the GNU C library for the Hurd, + as well as many Hurd features, current Hurd C library maintainer
+
Thomas Bushnell, BSG (formerly Michael I. Bushnell)
+
paid by the FSF as primary architect of the Hurd, current Hurd maintainer
+
UCHIYAMA Yasushi
+
ported XFree86 to the Hurd
+
+ +
Debian GNU/Hurd
+
+
Gordon Matzigkeit
+
paid by the FSF as a liason from GNU to Debian
+
Marcus Brinkmann
+
bootstrapped the Debian GNU/Hurd base set and many packages, liason + from Debian to GNU
+
Santiago Vila
+
support for cross-compiling Debian packages
+
+ +
Documentation
+
+
Derek Upham
+
wrote the original GNU Hurd FAQ
+
Gordon Matzigkeit
+
reorganized and updated the GNU Hurd Reference Manual for release 0.3 +
Matthew C. Vernon
+
wrote the ``Idiot's Guide'' for getting started with the Hurd
+
Matthias Pfisterer
+
reorganized and updated the web site in early 1999
+
Stephen L. Favor
+
current FAQ maintainer
+
Trent Fisher
+
wrote the original version of the Hurd pages
+
+
+ +

+Copyright (C) 1999, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., +59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA +

+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is +permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. diff --git a/acknowledgements.html b/acknowledgements.html deleted file mode 100644 index dec8c4b6..00000000 --- a/acknowledgements.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ - - - - - GNU Hurd: Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - - - -
-GNU Hurd
-

- -Acknowledgements
- -

 -

Acknowledgements

 - -

We wish a warm ``Thank GNU'' to everybody who has helped in the -development of the Hurd. Here is a categorized list of people who -made significant contributions. If we have omitted anybody, we -apologize... please let us know so that we can update this list! - -

-
Hurd software
-
-
Mark Kettenis
-
many GNU C library and Hurd bug fixes and updates
-
Miles Bader
-
paid by the FSF to help make the Hurd usable as a standalone system, - wrote several important translators
-
OKUJI Yoshinori
-
many gnumach bug fixes and updates
-
Roland McGrath
-
paid by the FSF to design and implement the GNU C library for the Hurd, - as well as many Hurd features, current Hurd C library maintainer
-
Thomas Bushnell, BSG (formerly Michael I. Bushnell)
-
paid by the FSF as primary architect of the Hurd, current Hurd maintainer
-
UCHIYAMA Yasushi
-
ported XFree86 to the Hurd
-
- -
Debian GNU/Hurd
-
-
Gordon Matzigkeit
-
paid by the FSF as a liason from GNU to Debian
-
Marcus Brinkmann
-
bootstrapped the Debian GNU/Hurd base set and many packages, liason - from Debian to GNU
-
Santiago Vila
-
support for cross-compiling Debian packages
-
- -
Documentation
-
-
Derek Upham
-
wrote the original GNU Hurd FAQ
-
Gordon Matzigkeit
-
reorganized and updated the GNU Hurd Reference Manual for release 0.3 -
Matthew C. Vernon
-
wrote the ``Idiot's Guide'' for getting started with the Hurd
-
Matthias Pfisterer
-
reorganized and updated the web site in early 1999
-
Stephen L. Favor
-
current FAQ maintainer
-
Trent Fisher
-
wrote the original version of the Hurd pages
-
-
- -
- -Return to GNU's home page. -

- -Please send FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to - -gnu@gnu.org. -There are also other ways to -contact the FSF. -

- -Please send comments on these web pages to - -web-hurd@gnu.org, -send other questions to -gnu@gnu.org. -

-Copyright (C) 1999, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., -59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA -

-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is -permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.

-Updated: - -30 Nov 1999 gord - -

-
- - - -- cgit v1.2.3 From daf3ae87fab76ddb55ebd051981fee901dac2111 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Schwinge Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 11:49:41 +0100 Subject: Move list of thanks to Hurd people. --- Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn | 29 ++++++++++++++++-- hurd-folks.html | 78 ------------------------------------------------ 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 hurd-folks.html (limited to 'Hurd') diff --git a/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn index 4e3f9666..1a43a2b8 100644 --- a/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn +++ b/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn @@ -87,9 +87,34 @@ D>

-

Copyright (C) 1999, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA -

+ +Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is +permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. + +--- + +Thank GNU to everybody who has contributed to the Hurd's development! + +

+ +Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc., +59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA + Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. diff --git a/hurd-folks.html b/hurd-folks.html deleted file mode 100644 index 14dcaf83..00000000 --- a/hurd-folks.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ - - - -GNU Hurd folks - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) - - - -

GNU Hurd folks

- [image of a Hurd Metafont Logo] (jpeg 10k) -(jpeg 20k) -no gifs due to patent problems -

- -A number of people maintain their own unofficial GNU Hurd pages to describe their involvements. -These are valuable sites because they help introduce more people to -the Hurd, and to the GNU project. - -

- -Send mail to Gordon Matzigkeit <gord@gnu.org> if you have a page -you would like added to this list. - -

- -Thank GNU to everybody who has contributed to the Hurd's development! - - -These links are at other web sites not maintained by the FSF. -
-The FSF is not responsible for the content of these other web sites. - -

- -

- -
- -Return to GNU's home page. -

-FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to -gnu@gnu.org. -Other ways to contact the FSF. -

-Comments on these web pages to -web-hurd@gnu.org, -send other questions to -gnu@gnu.org. -

-Copyright (C) 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc., -59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA -

-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is -permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.

-Updated: - -Last modified: Tue Sep 11 08:01:49 CEST 2001 - -

- - -- cgit v1.2.3 From f0a012de3139ce8e589d8d8bee23ee3a64a2f818 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Schwinge Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2008 13:17:45 +0100 Subject: Change/remove some no-longer-valid links. --- Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn | 4 ---- contributing.mdwn | 4 ++-- hurd.mdwn | 4 ++-- hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn | 2 +- news/2002-03-23.mdwn | 5 ++--- news/2002-10-03.mdwn | 4 ++-- news/2006-04-27.mdwn | 6 +++--- news/2007-01-07.mdwn | 10 ++++------ news/2007-03-14.mdwn | 6 +++--- 9 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) (limited to 'Hurd') diff --git a/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn b/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn index 227e9275..0c2e5741 100644 --- a/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn +++ b/Hurd/TranslatorExamples.mdwn @@ -59,7 +59,3 @@ hurd:~/ftp# cd 128.101.80.131 ## Articles about translators * [The GNU Hurd - Translators by Gael le Mignot](http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/pres-en/html/node8.html) - -* [Translators by Marcus Brinkmann](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/whatis/translator.html) - --- [[Main/LucasNussbaum]] - 28 Feb 2004 diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn index f1003389..aac255bd 100644 --- a/contributing.mdwn +++ b/contributing.mdwn @@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ For one there's the implementation of the *[[Hurd]] running on the [[microkernel/mach/GNU_Mach]] microkernel*. This is what is commonly meant when people are talking about GNU/Hurd systems. -This system has mostly been designed and implemented [in the -'90s](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/history.html). It works and is usable. +This system has mostly been designed and implemented +[[in_the_'90s|hurd/history]]. It works and is usable. For example, these web pages are rendered on a [GNU/Hurd system](http://www.bddebian.com/cgi-bin/uptime). diff --git a/hurd.mdwn b/hurd.mdwn index 3c65bb4e..e7f0ac92 100644 --- a/hurd.mdwn +++ b/hurd.mdwn @@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ in the *unstable* branch of the Debian archive. # Understanding * Introductory Material - * [Marcus Brinkmann](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-talk.html) + * [[Documentation]] * [Gaël Le Mignot](http://kilobug.free.fr/hurd/pres-en/slides/slides.html) * Architecture - * [Towards a New Strategy of OS Design](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-paper.html) by Thomas Bushnell, BSG. + * [[Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design|documentation/hurd-paper]] by Thomas Bushnell, BSG. * Marcus Brinkmann's [revisit](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00651.html) * Jonathan S. Shapiro [comments](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2005-10/msg00654.html) * [[Critique]] - Analysis diff --git a/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn b/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn index caad950b..7b5b07b1 100644 --- a/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn +++ b/hurd/debugging/subhurd.mdwn @@ -85,6 +85,6 @@ W3 Sources: -* +* [[subhurd/running_a_subhurd]] * * [[Thomas_Schwinge|tschwinge]]'s mind diff --git a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn index 2f36271b..9820b8c5 100644 --- a/news/2002-03-23.mdwn +++ b/news/2002-03-23.mdwn @@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -Added The Hurd -Hacking Guide to the documentation section. Thanks to Wolfgang -Jährling for providing this introduction into GNU/Hurd and Mach +Added the [[hurd/Hurd_Hacking_Guide]] to the documentation section. Thanks to +Wolfgang Jährling for providing this introduction into GNU/Hurd and Mach programming! diff --git a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn index 8696a43e..40f4e1b6 100644 --- a/news/2002-10-03.mdwn +++ b/news/2002-10-03.mdwn @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -A new article about the authentication -server has been added to the web pages. It resembles the talk +A new article about [[the_authentication_server|hurd/documentation/auth]] +has been added to the web pages. It resembles the talk about the same topic which was given at the Libre Software Meeting, therefore the target audience is mostly programmers which want to learn about the details of authentication in the Hurd. diff --git a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn index 86073ca5..dc52c527 100644 --- a/news/2006-04-27.mdwn +++ b/news/2006-04-27.mdwn @@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Summer of Code, under the aegis of the GNU project.

The following is a list of items you might want to work on. If you want to modify or extend these tasks or have your own ideas what to work on, please -feel invited to contact us on the bug-hurd mailing list or the #hurd IRC channel.

+feel invited to contact us on the +[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] or +the [[#hurd_IRC_channel|irc]].

    diff --git a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn index 7621ebde..75eb7d01 100644 --- a/news/2007-01-07.mdwn +++ b/news/2007-01-07.mdwn @@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU_Free_Documentation_License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -A number of GNU Hurd developers will again (as already in the previous -years) meet at the time of the FOSDEM 2007, which will take place from -2007-02-24 to 25 in Brussels, Belgium. -This -wiki page has some details. Contact -us if you are interested in meeting with us. +A number of GNU Hurd developers will again (as already in the previous years) +meet at the time of the FOSDEM 2007, which will take place from 2007-02-24 to +25 in Brussels, Belgium. [[This_wiki_page|community/meetings/fosdem_2007]] has +some details. [[Contact_us]] if you are interested in meeting with us. diff --git a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn index 989afedc..3b1b2ad3 100644 --- a/news/2007-03-14.mdwn +++ b/news/2007-03-14.mdwn @@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Summer of Code, under the aegis of the GNU project.

    The following is a list of items you might want to work on. If you want to modify these task proposals or have your own ideas on what to work, then please -don't hesitate to contact us on the bug-hurd mailing list or the #hurd IRC channel.

    +don't hesitate to contact us on the +[[bug-hurd_mailing_list|mailing_lists/bug-hurd]] or +the [[#hurd_IRC_channel|irc]].

      -- cgit v1.2.3