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+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="What happened with the Hurd ports to the L4 / Coyotos / Viengoos
+microkernels?"]]
+
+<!-- This page shares some text with history/port_to_another_microkernel.  -->
+
+It is a frequently asked question, which microkernel the Hurd should be based
+upon assuming that [[microkernel/Mach]] is no longer considered state of the
+art, and it is well known that there has been a lot of discussion about this
+topic, and also some code produced, but then, years later, the Hurd is still
+based on [[GNU Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]].
+
+Around the turn of the millenium, some of the Hurd developers began
+experimenting with using other [[microkernel]]s for the Hurd, as they have been
+encountering a number of fundamental design issues with the [[Mach
+microkernel|microkernel/mach]], mostly with respect to
+[[open_issues/resource_management_problems]].
+
+At that time, L4 (Pistachio) was the prime candidate.  A reimplementation of
+the Hurd on this microkernel looked promising, and got pretty far (running some
+simple POSIX programs, such as `banner`).  However, over time some lingering
+design issues turned out to be fundamental problems: the original L4 is not
+suitable for building object-capability systems like the Hurd.  Thus
+development was aborted in 2005.
+
+During that process, Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann started on a period of
+research on other microkernels, getting in deeper contact with other
+researchers.  There was a lot of discussion, and a lot of good ideas produced,
+but a straight-forward port of the Hurd to such a modern microkernel (Coyotos,
+or the new L4 variants, for example) didn't seem feasible to them anymore: they
+found microkernel design and system design to be interconnected in very
+intricate ways, and this demanded design changes in the Hurd's core itself.
+
+Based on this experience, the next step was to write an own microkernel
+instead, which Neal Walfield began doing with his experimental
+[[microkernel/Viengoos]] project, for his research on resource management.
+Currently he works in another research area though, and thus Viengoos is on
+hold.
+
+Note that while none of the microkernel research work is active now, the
+previous experiments already yielded a lot of experience, which will be very
+useful in the further development / improvement of the mainline (Mach-based)
+Hurd implementation.
+
+For more details about this topic, please see our history page about the
+[[history/port_to_another_microkernel]].