Prepare toolchain/logs/master branch.

20 files changed, 0 insertions, 1368 deletions

diff --git a/history/hurd-announce b/history/hurd-announce
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f165ad8..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-announce
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-From mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU Tue May  7 12:07:53 1991
-From: mib@PREP.AI.MIT.EDU
-Newsgroups: gnu.announce
-Subject: FSF work on a GNU OS
-Date: 6 May 91 22:15:22 GMT
-Reply-To: mib@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Distribution: gnu
-Organization: GNUs Not Usenet
-
-The Free Software Foundation is beginning work on a GNU operating
-system built on top of the Mach 3.0 microkernel.  There are three
-goals to this project worth noting:
-
-o Binary compatability with 4.4 BSD, and other U*x or U*xish systems
-  on other hardware where appropriate, convenient, and consistent with
-  the design;
-
-o Posix compliance (in combination with the GNU C Library and the GNU
-  C Compiler); and
-
-o Ease of use as well as several new features and functionality.
-
-
-I am interested in constructive criticism on the interfaces, design,
-and implementation from experts in the field of OS research and design
-consistent with the above goals.  Advice from seasoned U*x hackers is
-especially welcome.
-
-We have a mailing list for discussion.  Currently there is little
-discussion on the group; the major contributors to the ideas behind
-the design all live in the Boston area at this point, and work has
-been done via face-to-face communication.  I would like to open the
-field of discussion to a broader base, both to get wider dissemination
-of the ideas behind the current design, as well as to get a greater
-breadth of criticism.  Periodic postings are currently made to the
-mailing list containing a snapshot of the interfaces used by the
-various pieces of the system.  I would like to see discussion as well;
-perhaps we need a critical mass to get this.
-
-Interested individuals should send me email.  I don't regularly read
-the newsgroups to which this message is posted.
-
-
-[U*x is an abbreviation for a well-known trademark of AT&T.  :-)]
-
-	-mib
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-announce2 b/history/hurd-announce2
deleted file mode 100644
index dce41c43..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-announce2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-From mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu Wed Nov  3 21:51:03 1993
-Path: usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!ogicse!emory!nigel.msen.com!sdd.hp.com!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!spool.mu.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!prep.ai.mit.edu!gnulists
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.announce,gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Hurd status and call for volunteers
-Message-ID: <9311020719.AA02206@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-Date: 1 Nov 93 21:19:05 GMT
-Article-I.D.: geech.9311020719.AA02206
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Distribution: world
-Lines: 124
-Approved: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-X-Shopping-List: 
-   (1) Chaotic casino griddles (2) Cervical congestion (3) Neoclassical
-   consoles
-Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.announce:160 gnu.misc.discuss:3985
-
-This message to help sate curiosity, as well as to ask for volunteers.
-Until we are ready for alpha test, this is the last such message that
-will be posted here.  If you want to receive further such messages,
-send mail to hurd-ann-request@gnu.ai.mit.edu and ask to be put on that
-(moderated) announcements list.
-
-
-What is already done with the Hurd:
-
-The filesystem is complete; it runs (read-only), and most of its calls
-have been tested and work.  The filesystem is able to download
-programs, by a kludge similar to the kludge used to enable the kernel
-to download the first task.  In the actual bootstap sequence, it will
-download the execserver.
-
-The proc and auth servers are completed; the exec server is nearly
-complete (for a.out, not for bfd).  
-
-C library support for Mach and Hurd rpc stubs, and some of the mach
-and hurd specific code, is done.  Much untested and probably wrong
-code has been written to implement Unix "system calls".  A large piece
-of this (the descriptor management code) is believed by Roland to have
-some architectural flaw, but he isn't sure.
-
-Some small filesystem servers (shadow directories, for example) have
-been written, but have not been compiled, let alone tested.
-
-
-There are currently three things happening wrt the Hurd:
-
-I am spending nearly all my time getting things to boot and run.  My
-work is currently directed toward that goal; in the immediate present
-I am working with Roland on getting the library in its near-final
-state (which will last a long time) to make compiling easier.  It is
-because this is nearly done that I can send this message.
-
-Roland is working on the library.  Most of the remaining architectural
-work is done and being tested.  Then Roland will work on integrating
-cthreads (which is mostly busywork), miscellaneous filesystem calls,
-and then file descriptors.  After that comes signals.
-
-Jan Brittenson will be working on the network server library.  This is
-a library that, when linked against a BSD protocol stack, will produce
-a Hurd network server.  (Such a server implements the socket interface
-in socket.defs.)
-
-
-There are four general tasks that can be done by other people:
-
-1. Completing the existing work on the terminal driver.  The existing
-work implements most of the logic you already associate with a Posixy
-terminal driver; it needs the port management and buffering logic
-added.  
-
-2. Writing a readline terminal driver.  We will want, as an
-alternative to the Posixy terminal driver, a readline type terminal
-driver.
-
-3. Writing miscellaneous shell utilities.  Here we need shell
-utilities to create translators, etc.  They should have a nice rich
-set of features to do all kinds of GNU things.  
-
-4. Writing miscellaneous filesystem servers.  Here we need a
-transparent tar server, a transparent FTP server, and the like.
-
-
-Future plans for work to be written by me (once the bootstrap works,
-and in addition to testing library code as Roland finishes it):
-
-o split the existing filesystem into three parts:
-  o a library for port management for complicated multi-threaded
-    servers;
-  o a library for "normal" disk-based filesystems;
-  o ufs specific code.
-
-o Write the PF_FILE socket server (what you know as PF_UNIX).
-
-o Finish the posixy terminal driver if nobody else has.
-
-o Write miscellaneous shell utilities that nobody else has.
-
-o Build a self-hosting system.
-
-
-What you need in order to be able to help now:
-
-o A 386 PC running Mach 3.0.  If you have some other kind of hardware,
-  then you need to port the GNU C library support first.  I'm not
-  entirely sure how much work that involves; you will need to contact
-  Roland.  It might be too much trouble at this point to spend any
-  effort on it.  It's best if it's a machine for which a free port of
-  Mach is available, though you could do useful work even if it's not.
-
-  If you are not currently running Mach 3.0 with somebody's
-  single-server, then it is very unlikely you could help, unless you
-  have a Unix source license.  In that case, you could talk to CMU
-  (write mach@cs.cmu.edu) to find out how to get Mach 3.0 running on
-  your machine.  It is not possible to do development without a Unix
-  emulator of some kind; just bare Mach 3.0 is not sufficient.  I have
-  neither the time nor knowledge to help someone get a 3.0
-  single-server system running.
-
-o Clue.  I don't have enough time to explain operating systems or Unix
-  to people.  You need to have an iron-clad grasp of Unix semantics
-  (specificaly BSD); it's essential that things be exactly right from
-  that standpoint.  It's not enough that you've programmed Unix
-  before; you need to understand all the nits.  However, you may
-  disregard my previous comments about a "two question limit".  You do
-  need the ability to intuit to some extent, however.
-
-o Time.  It's not good for me to delegate a task and then have nothing
-  happen on it.  If you have a full-time job where you can't justify
-  Hurd work as part of your job, you might find that you don't really
-  have as much time as you thought.  Please make sure you really have
-  enough time before volunteering for a task.
-
-o Efficient net access.  Without a real Internet connection (mail only
-  is not sufficient), it will be impossible for you to do development
-  right now.
-
-
-If you think you can help, send me email.  If you don't think you can
-help right now, then don't give up: the list of conditions will change
-as the list of delegatable tasks changes.  
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash b/history/hurd-flash
deleted file mode 100644
index d1bacc79..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-Path: gnurd!usenet.ee.pdx.edu!cs.uoregon.edu!sgiblab!swrinde!gatech!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!MathWorks.Com!news.kei.com!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!ai-lab!life.ai.mit.edu!mib
-From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach
-Subject: Hurd now bootstraps
-Date: 05 Apr 1994 21:49:50 GMT
-Organization: Free Software Foundation, Cambridge, MA
-Lines: 11
-Message-ID: <MIB.94Apr5174952@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
-
-The GNU Hurd now bootstraps, successfully starting the core servers
-(the filesystem, exec server, process server, auth server, and init)
-and running the first program.  A snapshot of the code that did this
-is on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the usual place, /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
---
-+1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
-+1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
-1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
-Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash10 b/history/hurd-flash10
deleted file mode 100644
index d6d5685b..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash10
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 15:28:29 -0400
-Message-Id: <199604151928.PAA00636@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd snapshot available
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "Use the `&' operator to get the address," Tom pointed out.
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-I have just cut a new source snapshot.  If things go nicely, a binary
-snapshot may appear soon as well.  You can find this snapshot as
-
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap-960415.tar.gz
-
-Many many things work!  Emacs built native and just *went*.  The
-system now works standalone; you can use gdb (it's much nicer than
-other mach-ish gdb's, of course); the network is functional (complete
-with NFS), etc.
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash11 b/history/hurd-flash11
deleted file mode 100644
index 57851b01..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash11
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-From:     Miles Bader <miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Date:     Thu, 18 Apr 1996 19:08:07 -0400
-Subject:  hurd binary image
-
-
-A filesystem image from a working hurd system, corresponding to the latest
-snapshot, is available as:
-
-  ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-image-960418.tar.gz 
-
-The whole tree takes about 37meg (warning -- it unpacks into `.').  Follow
-the instructions in ./INSTALL-binary to make a working hurd system.
-
-Due to a timely trashing of the disk on our main hurd machine, it has been
-verified that it is possible to make a bootable hurd system from scratch
-using this image and a set of netbsd 1.1 boot floppies...
-
-The sources for the mach kernel included in the image are available in the
-same directory as mach4-UK22.tar.gz and mach4-i386-UK22.tar.gz.
-
--Miles
--- 
-Miles Bader / miles@gnu.ai.mit.edu / (617) 253-8568
-Amadera e ike!
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash12 b/history/hurd-flash12
deleted file mode 100644
index 5be9c94e..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash12
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Hurd 0.0 release status
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Date: 13 Jul 1996 23:53:41 GMT
-Organization: Touring Consulting Services
-Lines: 35
-Message-ID: <MIB.96Jul13195341@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
-
-People are eager to know how close we are to release, so here's an
-update:
-
-There is one rather annoying bug I'd like to find which is causing
-random crashes.  I expect this will not be too hard to locate.  There
-are some more trivial bugs, but the release will not be held up for
-them. 
-
-Forty-three packages of GNU software have been built native.
-Remaining to be built are three packages for which new releases are
-expected soon.
-
-Also remaining to be built native are bash, gdb, mach, the Hurd
-itself, and the internet utilities and daemons.  We intend to sync our
-separate copy of libc source with the libc maintainer, and then build
-it native too.
-
-Because of obnoxious export restrictions, we have still to make
-separate shared libraries for the crypt functions.
-
-Except for the actual final packaging, all the release engineering
-tasks to be done have been completed.
-
-
-To summarize, we still need to:
-
-o Fix one obnoxious bug
-o Compile three packages that are waiting for release;
-o Compile gdb, bash, mach, and hurd native
-o Sync libc source and compile native
-o Deal with crypt shared libraries
-o Final packaging
-
-Michael
-
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss
-Subject: Re: Hurd--ne plus ultra of vaporware?
-Date: 17 Jul 1996 03:02:14 GMT
-
-In article <4sg6tp$n4t@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI> torvalds@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI (Linus Torvalds) writes:
-
-   Hey! We could also ask some well-known rock-group for one of their
-   lyrics, and use that as the theme song for the Hurd release.  And then
-   we could ask shops to stay open longer to sell the Hurd! Whaddaya think?
-   Don't say it has been delayed, just shout so loudly about all the new
-   features that nobody cares about the delay?
-
-Perhaps we could get Morrisey to sing the song.  He's very good
-looking.  Much better looking than that Mick Jagger fellow.
-
-Or something delicate, like Bach's French Suite in G.  That would be
-fun.  
-
-In any case, here's the state of the release:
-
-o Everything but nine packages has been compiled native.
-o The random crash bug I alluded to is fixed.
-o We have to build a floppy image for part of the installation instructions.
-
-That's it.  I bet you nobody in Redmond has ever made a statement like
-that...
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash13 b/history/hurd-flash13
deleted file mode 100644
index a2de6bfd..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash13
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-Date: Mon, 5 Aug 1996 22:36:31 -0400
-From: thomas@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG)
-To: info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu, hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Hurd 0.0 and GNU 0.0 released
-X-Name-Change: My name used to be `Michael'; now it is `Thomas'.
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "I guess I shouldn't have broken the mirror," Tom reflected.
-
-
-
-
-I am pleased to announce version 0.0 of the GNU Hurd, available via
-anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
-/pub/gnu/hurd-0.0.tar.gz (about 1.2 MB compressed).
-
-This file contains complete source code for the following:
-
-Hurd servers: 
- 
- auth, crash, devio, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
- magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
- ufs.
-
-Hurd libraries: 
- 
- diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
- shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs.
-
-Hurd utilities and other programs: 
-
- boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
- storeinfo, login, w, uptime, hurdids, loginpr, sush, vmstat,
- portinfo, devprobe, reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs,
- stati.ufs, getty, rc.
-
-
-------
-
-
-In addition, we have prepared a binary distribution of a complete
-version 0.0 GNU system corresponding to this Hurd release.  This
-release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with i[345]86
-processors.
-
-The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
-
-This release uses the `UK22' version of the Mach kernel, as
-distributed by the University of Utah.  It is too difficult to prepare
-a detailed list of supported devices at this point.  Common disk
-controllers and ethernet cards are generally supported.
-
-This release does not contain the X Window System.
-
-This release may be fetched by anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu
-[18.159.42] in the directory /pub/gnu/gnu-0.0/.
-
-In that directory, you should find the following files:
-
- README
- SOURCES
- INSTALL-binary
- grub-boot.image		(about 1.4 MB, not compressed)
- gnu-0.0.tar.gz			(about 56.9 MB compressed)
- gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz	(about 26.2 MB compressed)
-
-SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
-binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
-installation instructions for this release.  
-
-(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
-root directory of the gnu-0.0 release.)
-
-gnu-0.0.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
-into a directory that requires approximately 233 MB of disk space.
-
-gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz holds the same contents as gnu-0.0, except
-that executable programs have been stripped to save space, and the
-libraries have had debugging symbols stripped to save space and speed
-linking.  It unpacks into a directory that requires about 85.5 MB of
-disk space.
-
-We recommend using the unstripped image, or you will be unable to
-debug anything.  Surely there are bugs.  So fetch the unstripped
-image, at least to have around.
-
-grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
-in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
-
-The following free software packages are found in this release:
-
- autoconf, automake, bash, bc, binutils, bison, cpio, cvs, diffutils,
- doschk, e2fsprogs, ed, emacs, fileutils, findutils, flex, from, gawk,
- gcal, gcc, gdb, gdbm, gettext, glibc, gmp, gperf, grep, grub, gzip,
- hello, hurd, indent, inetutils, less, mach, make, m4, miscfiles,
- ncurses, nethack, nvi, patch, ptx, rcs, readline, recode, sed,
- serverboot, sharutils, shellutils, tar, termcap, termutils, texinfo,
- textutils, time, wdiff.
-
-
-------
-
-
-Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
-
-b5f888bab3eb193fe97a00a141324c9d  INSTALL-binary
-345dcd826747d7b11fc78f4db162d75b  README
-1a5744bb4ed3448045fa6d24153d65fe  SOURCES
-f7b1bc428bc4ee29977a5b28f5762092  gnu-0.0-stripped.tar.gz
-24554c58e5c89f295176e17d21dbae8e  gnu-0.0.tar.gz
-8338c619d860b71bc4128c9c0fd39d63  grub-boot.image
-1fd18ccc4c81d051b83d28b13dc07ee2  hurd-0.0.tar.gz
-
------
-
-Br. Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash14 b/history/hurd-flash14
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d67687a..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash14
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the GNU Hurd, available via
-anonymous FTP from prep.ai.mit.edu [18.159.0.42] in the file
-/pub/gnu/hurd-0.2.tar.gz (about 1.37 MB compressed).  
-
-(The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.)
-
-This release contains many bug fixes from version 0.1.  Many thanks to
-all the people who are helping find bugs!  
-
-The best way you can help find bugs is to try and compile and use on
-the Hurd as many programs as you can find and find out where bugs
-still exist.  There are also unimplemented features, and your reports
-will help us to prioritize which things we work on.
-
-The system is vastly more reliable than it has been in the past.
-
-One important addition:
-
-  New programs addauth, rmauth, unsu, su, and setauth modify the uid
-  sets of running programs.  Using addauth you can add root to your
-  emacs, write a file, and then use rmauth to take the uid back.  (Of
-  course, passwords are required when necessary.)  New program `ids'
-  will tell you what all the user ids are that a program has.  Note
-  that in the Hurd a program can have several user ids all at once,
-  just like Unix supports having several group ids.  Now that you can
-  dynamically change the ids of running programs, system
-  administration (among other things) becomes much easier.
-
-For more detailed news, see the NEWS file in the distribution.
-
-This release contains complete source code for the following:
-
-Hurd servers: 
- 
- auth, crash, devport, exec, ext2fs, fifo, fwd, ifsock, init,
- magic, new-fifo, nfs, null, pfinet, pflocal, proc, symlink, term,
- ufs, storeio, firmlink.
-
-Hurd libraries: 
- 
- diskfs, fshelp, ihash, iohelp, netfs, pager, pipe, ports, ps,
- shouldbeinlibc, store, threads, trivfs, hurdbugaddr, ftpconn
-
-Hurd utilities and other programs: 
-
- boot, shd, ps, settrans, showtrans, sync, su, mount, fsysopts,
- storeinfo, login, w, uptime, ids, sush, vmstat, portinfo, devprobe,
- reboot, halt, fsck, fsck.ufs, mkfs.ufs, clri.ufs, stati.ufs, getty,
- rc, e2os, vminfo, nfsd, mail.local, serverboot, MAKEDEV, loginpr,
- addauth, rmauth, unsu, setauth, ftpcp, ftpdir.
-
-We are also making a complete GNU 0.2 binary release, which will
-include Hurd 0.2, glibc 2.0.4, gnumach 1.1.2, and many other
-programs.  This binary release is announced separately.
-
-
-Thomas Bushnell, n/BSG
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash15 b/history/hurd-flash15
deleted file mode 100644
index 0785ac59..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash15
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-
-I am pleased to announce version 0.2 of the complete Hurd based GNU
-system.  This release runs only on PC-AT compatible systems with
-i[3456]86 processors.
-
-The GNU Hurd, plus Mach, is a kernel, not an operating system.  The
-GNU operating system, like the Unix operating system, consists of many
-components, including kernel, libraries, compilers, assembler, shell,
-parser generators, utilities, window system, editors, text formatters,
-and so on.  The GNU project set out a decade ago to develop this
-system, and we've been writing various components of it ever since.
-
-This release uses the GNUmach distribution of the Mach kernel, version
-1.1.3.  Popular PC devices are generally supported.
-
-This release does not contain the X Window System.
-
-This release may be fetched from the directory
-ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gnu-0.2.  (prep.ai.mit.edu is 18.159.42,
-for the nameserver-impaired).
-
-In that directory, you should find the following files:
-
-README
-SOURCES
-INSTALL-binary
-grub-boot.image			(about 1.5 MB, not compressed)
-gnu-0.2.tar.gz			(about 73 MB compressed)
-
-SOURCES contains a complete list describing the sources for the
-binaries found in the image.  INSTALL-binary contains complete
-installation instructions for this release.
-
-(The files README, SOURCES, and INSTALL-binary are also found in the
-root directory of the gnu-0.2 release.)
-
-gnu-0.2.tar.gz holds the image of the complete system.  It unpacks
-into a directory that requires approximately 285 MB of disk space.
-
-grub-boot.image is an image of a 3.5" floppy disk that you will need
-in order to complete part of the installation instructions.
-
-The following free software packages are included in this release:
-
-autoconf automake bash bc binutils bison cpio cvs diffutils doschk
-e2fsprogs ed emacs emacs lisp manual fileutils findutils flex from g77
-gawk gcal gcc gdb gettext glibc gmp gnuchess gnumach gnugo grep grub
-gzip hello hurd indent inetutils less libg++ lynx m4 make miscfiles
-ncurses nethack nvi patch perl ptx readline rcs recode sed sendmail
-sh-utils sharutils tar termutils texinfo textutils time wdiff
-
---
-
-Here are md5sum checksums for the files mentioned in this message:
-
-3749b016ab581e007b90d17b9092e134  INSTALL-binary
-1f800c326ba4c3a0b3f3a3463597317b  README
-40d1e1a38dd86f28fe2718081ac865cb  SOURCES
-f29c1a03c1667a8019b66f6effa89d39  gnu-0.2.tar.gz
-8ad3c7254802a16068a956e836266212  grub-boot.image
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash2 b/history/hurd-flash2
deleted file mode 100644
index b1d4f66f..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Newsgroups: gnu.misc.discuss,comp.os.mach,comp.os.linux.development,comp.os.linux.misc,comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit
-Subject: GNU Hurd Task List and Call for Volunteers
-Followup-To: gnu.misc.discuss
-Date: 18 May 1994 17:54:47 GMT
-Organization: FOO
-Lines: 140
-Message-ID: <MIB.94May18135447@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-NNTP-Posting-Host: churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Xref: usenet.ee.pdx.edu gnu.misc.discuss:7630 comp.os.mach:1434 comp.os.linux.d
-evelopment:9867 comp.os.linux.misc:16767 comp.unix.pc-clone.32bit:5854
-
-
-Now that the Hurd can run (albeit haltingly) on its own, it is
-possible for people who do not have Mach 3.0 single-servers to
-contribute without much trouble.  (However, if you don't have a
-single-server, you probably won't be able to use a debugger, but that
-doesn't mean you can't do debugging, right?)
-
-We at the FSF don't have any expertise in setting up Mach 3.0
-machines; the machines that we do development on belong to the Open
-Software Foundation and were set up by them.  So one of the things on
-the task list is to organize things so that people (like us and most
-of you) who don't know how to do it can do it.  It's not impossible to
-figure out, it's just a pain and a marvelous thing for a volunteer to
-do.
-
-You can get Mach 3.0 from CMU; you get the C library and the Hurd from
-us.  You need the soon-to-be-released version 1.07.6 of the C library
-and the latest Hurd snapshot (as well as our special version of MiG)
-from alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-All our work is based upon i386.  The Hurd (except for a few programs;
-see the Hurd README file) is machine independent.  The C library
-should not be too much trouble to port.  Ports and information about
-porting difficulty for either of these are greatly desired.
-
-The Hurd is not yet self-hosting.  While you are welcome to fetch the
-code and put things together, it is not likely that you will have a
-useful system right now.  But you might be able to do significant work
-(see the task list below).  And, even if you can't do significant
-work, I'm interested in hearing about any places where you had
-particular difficulty.
-
-If you want to start on one of these tasks, please let me know so I
-can keep track of volunteers properly.  This task list will be updated
-periodically; gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu always has the latest version.
-
-	-mib
-
-GNU Hurd Task List Version 1.0.
-
-If you would like to work on one of these, please contact mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-
-Mach 3.0 Work
-
-  o Mach 3.0 comes with CMU makefiles that depend on a drecky environment.  
-  It would be very helpful to have makefiles and installation stuff so
-  that it worked well for cross-compilation between systems and used 
-  GNU tools.
-
-  o MiG needs to be made able to support cross-compilation.
-
-  o A replacement for MiG that understood C .h files.
-
-  o Bootstrap tools and documentation to help people set up Mach 3.0
-  machines if they already have Linux; if they already have Net BSD;
-  if they don't have anything.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide support for task virtual timers similar
-  in functionality to the Unix ITIMER_PROF and ITIMER_VIRTUAL timers.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs to provide a way for users to do statistical PC
-  profiling similar to the Unix profil system call.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to automatically send task and thread 
-  status on task/thread exit to a port that can only be changed by
-  a privileged user; this would be used to implement process 
-  accounting.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out what task is the parent of
-  a given task.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to find out which pages of a task's
-  address space are in core to implement Unix's mincore call.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a facility to do msync.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a replacement for MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_CALL that 
-  works at least for the cases needed in ordinary files.  (Write mib if
-  you want to know what the problem is and some ideas about how to
-  solve it.)
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs proxy memory objects.  (mib can tell you what these
-  are and why they are important.)
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to do per-task resource counters that are
-  accessible to servers called by the task.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs facilities to implement resource limits of various sorts.
-
-  o Mach 3.0 needs a way to have a thread's CPU time statistics
-  include time spent by servers on its behalf.
-
-  o Of course, free ports are always necessary to machines that don't
-  already have free ports.
-
-  o Much work can be done doing research in how to improve Mach VM
-  performance and timesharing scheduling policy.
-
-
-Hurd work (these are brief descriptions; mib can give more information):
-
-  o We need a translator for /dev.
-
-  o We need a replacement for utmp and wtmp that understands the
-  Hurd `login collection' concept.  Programs like who and finger
-  then need to be changed to use this.
-
-  o We need some existing shell programs changed to do Hurd things:
-  like ls, su, fsck, tar, cpio, etc.
-
-  o Some new programs need to be written: login, getty, ps, tools
-  for new filesystem features.
-
-  o Shadow directory translators.  (Roland has the beginnings of this.)
-
-  o A system for write, send, talkd and so forth to bleep users;
-  this should be integrated with the utmp replacement above.
-
-  o X.
-
-  o A filesystem for /tmp that uses virtual memory instead of disk.
-
-  o Filesystem implementations (using libdiskfs) for other popular
-  formats, especially the Linux formats as well as MSDOG.
-
-  o Transparent FTP translator.  
-  
-  o NFS client implementation.  You should start with BSD's 4.4 code
-  and support the extensions they support; don't worry about Hurd
-  extensions right now.  (The server we want to write ourselves
-  because it will probably involve changing the Hurd interfaces.)
-
-  o A fancy terminal driver that uses readline and supports detach/attach.
-
---
-+1 617 623 3248 (H)    |   The soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David,
-+1 617 253 8568 (W)   -+-   and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.
-1105 Broadway          |  Then Jonathan made a covenant with David
-Somerville, MA 02144   |    because he loved him as his own soul.
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash3 b/history/hurd-flash3
deleted file mode 100644
index 19a5f371..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-Date:    Tue, 05 Jul 1994 20:15:09 -0400
-From:    mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-To:      hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd snapshot
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been released.  You can get it from
-alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the file /gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.  You will need
-the most recent version of the GNU C library; version 1.08.3 or later.
-(Version 1.08.3 is an alpha release; you can get it from
-alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in the same directory.)
-
-This snapshot of the Hurd has a limping terminal driver.  It can run
-emacs, bash, a whole slew of utilities, and (most importantly) GNU
-Hello.
-
-	-mib
-
-
-Here is the new part of the NEWS file:
-
-The Hurd now runs all the programs in the GNU fileutils, textutils,
-and shellutils distributions, with the exception of who.  Most
-importantly it runs GNU Hello.  Also, emacs works (with the kludgy
-`boot' terminal driver) and bash works.
-
-The simple pipes server works; it will be replaced eventually by the
-pflocal server (which isn't done yet).  The terminal driver is limping
-but working.  It doesn't support terminal ioctls yet.  A minor bug in
-auth has been fixed.  boot interprets more Hurd protocols; this was
-done to get emacs functioning.  Some more-or-less serious bugs in exec
-were fixed; they were found by running emacs (a quite large executable
-indeed).  At bootstrap time, init starts pipes and term itself;
-eventually these will be passive translators, but we don't want to
-write the new disk format until we're self-hosting or fsck and UX will
-get confused.  The file proc/primes.c has been documented; thanks go
-to Jim Blandy.  Some bugs in proc dealing with pgrp and wait were
-fixed; a nasty hash table bug was also fixed.  The simple shell can do
-pipes.  Several serious bugs in ufs were fixed dealing with extension
-of large files and writes of data not aligned on block boundaries.
-The ufs pager was over-serialized; that's been fixed.  Directory
-lookups and modifications now use mapped I/O directly; this is an
-important speed-up.  The structure of the pager lockes has been
-changed significantly.  UFS now supports Mach copying mode
-MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY; this significantly improves process startup
-time.  
-
-Some minor changes have been made to several interfaces.  The
-interface for fs.defs:dir_readdir has been totally changed.  There are
-some new fs.defs interfaces: file_check_access, file_notice_changes,
-dir_notice_changes.  The fsys.defs:fsys_getroot interface was changed
-to work correctly.  process.defs:proc_setprocargs is renamed, and a
-fetch function proc_get_arg_locations is added.  The ifsock.defs
-interface was simplified.  
-
-Several bugs were fixed in libdiskfs.  The new dir_readdir interface
-requires new support from format-specific code.  Some race conditions
-have been fixed.  dir-pathtrans.c now deals correctly with multiple
-slashes in a row.  A new concept called "light references" allows
-pagers to remain active without preventing truncate-on-nolinks from
-working right.  New interfaces in fs.defs are implemented (except
-file_notice_changes).  Active translator usage has been fixed to work
-correctly, but passive translators are still untested.  libdiskfs now
-thinks it supports S_IFSOCK nodes, but that's untested (of course)
-because pflocal isn't done yet.
-
-The passive translator startup interface in libfshelp has been
-radically simplified.  The pager library now lets other code set and
-changee the attributes on objects, synchronously if desired.  An
-init/terminate race condition was fixed.   The ports library now
-allows single-threaded users to work right (they didn't before).  The
-trivfs library works; see the ifsock server for a simple example of
-its use.  See term or pipes for more complex examples.  
-
-There is a task list in the file `tasks'; let me know if you are
-interested in working on one of these.
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash4 b/history/hurd-flash4
deleted file mode 100644
index 89ae9848..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash4
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-From:     mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-To:       hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Date:     Mon, 8 Aug 94 16:01:23 -0400
-Subject:  New Hurd Snapshot
-X-Shopping-List: 
-	  (1) Starboard sauce (2) Cinematic lesions (3) Two-way alphabetic
-	  accordions
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
-/pub/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-It is expected that the next snapshot after this one will have signals
-basically working and thus be usable for a self-hosting system.  In
-addition, the next snapshot will probably have the current state of
-our networking code (which has been proceeding, but has been absent
-from the snapshots).
-
-Here is the NEWS about this current snapshot, however.  Because some
-big changes were made to the makefile and directory structure, things
-might have gotten inadvertently ommitted from the snapshot.  If this
-happened, please let me know ASAP and I'll fix it and make a new
-snapshot.
-
-	-mib
-
-
-August 8, 1994:
-
-Structural changes:
-
-Makefiles have been vastly improved and are simpler.  The programs
-`su', `ps', and `sh' have been moved from separate dirs into `utils';
-the programs `symlink' and `ifsock' have been moved into `trans'.
-
-Several changes were made to GCC use.  You should definitely get GCC
-version 2.6.0 now.  Version 2.6.1 will have distributed the proper
-`specs' file for the i386-gnu target, but it isn't quite ready yet, so
-you still have to copy hurd/gcc-specs into
-gcc-lib/i386-gnu/2.6.0/specs.
-
-
-Interface changes:
-
-The tioctl.defs suite is complete now.
-
-INTR RPC's have been changed; individual RPC's are no longer marked
-INTR.  Rather, entire interfaces are marked `INTR_INTERFACE' if they
-conform to the library's signalling/interruption expectations.
-
-There is a new magical retry type (for dir_pathtrans and fsys_getroot)
-called `machtype' and a new one `/'; the former is for @sys tweaks and
-the latter cleans up the retry of root-based symlinks a bit.
-
-There is a new interface `login.defs'.
-
-The "dotdot node" is no longer passed at fsys_startup time; instead,
-it is passed by fsys_getroot.
-
-
-Library changes:
-
-The ports library now does death-timeouts for multi-threaded servers;
-it doesn't actually work right yet, however.  Also the ports library
-has new features (soft vs. hard ports; no outstanding ports
-notifications) that enable server-death to be done cleanly.  (I hope;
-libdiskfs and ufs haven't yet been changed to use it, so libports
-might not actually have the right facilities yet.)
-
-The translator startup routines in libfshelp have been vastly improved
-(so that they can actually be used).
-
-Numerous bugfixes in libdiskfs, particularly relating to translator
-usage.  Use new magical retry type `/' when appropriate.  Use new
-dotdot node protocol.  O_FSYNC and O_NOATIME are now honored properly.
-Alternative methods of storing symlinks are now supported through new
-hooks.  
-
-The new dotdot protocol is now used by libtrivfs.  Also, users of the
-library are now able to set the atime and mtime when necessary.
-
-The special threads version of malloc has been placed back in
-libthreads now that the C library uses a Mach-safe version on its own.
-
-
-Program changes:
-
-The `boot' program no longer implements the tioctl interface now that
-the terminal driver works.
-
-A bug was fixed in the handling of pgrps in `proc'.
-
-Many bugfixes in term.  The tioctl interface is now implemented.  EOF
-processing is fixed; break characters now work right.  Signals and
-interruption are now done correctly.  VDISCARD works.  
-
-Ufs has Some bigs fixed in dir.c.  Filesystem upgraded to BSD 4.4.
-There are now some compatibility flags.  
-
-New program dev.trim does a very minimal /dev (but doesn't work yet).
-New program dev is an initial (but poor) attempt at a real /dev.
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash5 b/history/hurd-flash5
deleted file mode 100644
index 041a0ef7..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash5
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Message-Id: <9409210619.AA17570@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: "Lots of potentially interested people and" <nobody@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-Subject: New milestone acheived by the GNU Hurd
-X-Tom-Swiftie: "I can't get this fire started," Tom said woodenly.
-
-
-I have just successfully compiled and run a null C program on the
-Hurd.  This is using GCC native as one would normally use GCC.
-
-Sadly, it took quite a while (too long, in fact) to read the large
-archives that make up the GNU C library, but I think I know where the
-substantial inefficiency is.
-
-Once that is done, I would be happy to label this a "self-hosting
-system".  But not just yet.
-
-The last bug preventing this was an error in dealing with files over
-about 8 M; this came about because in order to link a program one
-needed the GNU C library, which is over 9M when symbols are included.
-
-        -mib
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash6 b/history/hurd-flash6
deleted file mode 100644
index e774714e..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash6
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-Return-Path: <pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu!gnu.ai.mit.edu!mib>
-Received: from pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu by gnurd  with uucp
-	(Linux Smail3.1.28.1 #14) id m0r66pm-00010fC; Fri, 11 Nov 94 17:00 PST
-Received: from cs.pdx.edu by pdxgate.cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-U)
-	id AA05257; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:40:48 PST
-Received: from churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu by cs.pdx.edu (4.1/CATastrophe-9/19/94-P)
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-Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
-	id <AA12621@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:45:35 -0500
-Received: by churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu (5.65/4.0)
-	id <AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>; Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
-Date: Fri, 11 Nov 94 16:38:44 -0500
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I Bushnell)
-Message-Id: <9411112138.AA12580@churchy.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu, hurd-dev@gnu.ai.mit.edu, info-gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd Snapshot
-X-Shopping-List: 
-   (1) Horrendous collision devotions (2) Wondrous consolation (3)
-   Conscious cooking auctions
-X-Filter: mailagent [version 3.0 PL19] for trent@gnurd.uu.pdx.edu
-
-
-A new Hurd snapshot has been placed on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.  There
-may be unforseen problems with this snapshot, so the old one has been
-left.  You may fetch this snapshot via anonymous FTP in the file
-/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-The Hurd requires a modified version of MiG; you can get it by
-anonymous ftp to kahlua.cs.utah.edu in /pub/mach/mach4-UK02p6.tar.gz.
-Note that we are not yet using Mach4 for the Hurd, but we plan to
-switch as soon as its feasible.
-
-Other necessary software to run this snapshot include the latest
-snapshot of binutils/ld/gas source from Cygnus and the latest GCC.
-(Problems have been reported with GCC 2.6.1; you might want to wait
-until 2.6.2 is released.)  And, of course, you also need the latest
-test version of the GNU C Library, found on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu.
-
-This is not yet a real release; it is certainly not up to the quality
-of even a hesitant alpha release.  But it may be useful for
-educational value or to help with the Hurd effort.  
-
-I will be out of town for most of the rest of the year; I will be
-reading email but I may not be able to help with problems.  Sorry...
-
-	-mib
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash7 b/history/hurd-flash7
deleted file mode 100644
index ce6e08d2..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash7
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Date: Wed, 12 Apr 1995 15:08:18 -0400
-From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: New Hurd Snapshot available
-
-A new hurd snapshot is now available from
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
-
-This snapshot contains many improvements over the last one, and is
-also probably easier to compile.  
-
-This snapshot must be used with the most recent libc snapshot,
-ftp://alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu/gnu/libc-950411.tar.gz.  Previous versions
-of the library will not work right.
-
-If any files are discovered to be missing, please let me know asap.
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash8 b/history/hurd-flash8
deleted file mode 100644
index 555186ec..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash8
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-Date: Sun, 23 Jul 1995 16:27:46 -0400
-Message-Id: <199507232027.QAA09306@geech.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: Michael I Bushnell <mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-Subject: Hurd snapshot!
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Zippy-Says: I just had a NOSE JOB!!
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-I have just put a new Hurd snapshot on alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu in
-/gnu/hurd-snap-950723.tar.gz.
-
-You will also need the new libc snapshot, which should appear in the
-same place today.  Older libc snapshots will not be happy.
-
-The binary images (hurd-floppy.fs.gz and hurd-image.tar.gz) have not
-been updated.  It is difficult to use the Hurd standalon, because the
-Mach boot loaders can now no longer boot the Hurd.  A new boot loader
-is nearly finished.  Perhaps we can make new binary images then, or a
-volunteer might take over this useful work.  (Hint, hint.)
-
-Michael
-
-
-
-Here is the NEWS:
-
-July 23, 1995
-
-Shared libraries now work; use -static to link programs and avoid the
-shared libraries.  The Hurd programs are normally built static; this
-will probably change soon.
-
-The ext2fs server now works, as do the tools to manipulate ext2fs
-filesystems.  A snapshot of the tools will be made soon under separate
-cover.  Many thanks to Ted Ts'o for his valuable work on the tools.
-
-Readers of the Makefiles will notice that we now generate dependencies
-automatically.
-
-The old netserv library is gone.
-
-The `boot' hack has been modified slightly to avoid the normalq libc startup
-files, because they no longer work with UX.
-
-Some small bugs have been fixed in the devio server.
-
-The ports library has been totally rewritten; new features permit
-servers to have greater control over thread RPC's and port creation.
-
-The fshelp library now does most of the work for translator
-interaction; it's simpler now too.  Filesystems have much less work to
-do; the relevant code in libdiskfs is now understanble instead of
-unparseable chaos.
-
-The ports library provides for timeouts; the diskfs library almost
-uses it, but because of a bug, it's disabled for now.
-
-Filesystems are now expected to sync themselves if necessary; the new
-fsys_set_options RPC provides for changeing (or cancelling) the sync
-intervale.  The diskfs library does this for you.  The update program
-is no longer necessary.
-
-A small bug in the proc server has been hacked around; the real fix
-will come later.
-
-Many important bugs in the C library have been fixed since the last
-snapshot; perhaps all of them.  ;-)
-
diff --git a/history/hurd-flash9 b/history/hurd-flash9
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ff32ba9..00000000
--- a/history/hurd-flash9
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 13:13:23 -0500
-Message-Id: <199511291813.NAA10983@duality.gnu.ai.mit.edu>
-From: mib@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Michael I. Bushnell, p/BSG)
-To: hurd-ann@gnu.ai.mit.edu (and others)
-Subject: Announcement
-X-Geek-Code: (V2.1) GCS/J/M/MU/P/S/O>AT d- H-- s-: g+++ p0 !au a- w++ v+++(*) C+
-+$ UB++++$ P--- L 3- E++ N++ K++++ W-- M- V-- po-- Y+(--) t++ 5+ j++ R- G'''' tv
-+ b+++ !D B-- e+ u++(*) h* f? r n y++
-X-Windows: The Cutting Edge of Obsolescence.
-Sender: owner-abshurd@cs.pdx.edu
-Precedence: bulk
-
-
-The Hurd has succesfully completed its first FTP:
-
-bash# ftp 128.52.46.31
-Connected to 128.52.46.31.
-220 albert.gnu.ai.mit.edu FTP server (Version 5.60) ready.
-Name (128.52.46.31:root):
-331 Password required for root.
-Password:230 User root logged in.
-ftp> cd ~mib
-250 CWD command successful.
-ftp> get ftptest
-200 PORT command successful.
-150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for ftptest (16 bytes).
-226 Transfer complete.
-17 bytes received in 0.07 secs (0.24 Kbytes/sec)
-ftp> quit
-221 Goodbye.
-bash# cat ftptest
-this is a test.
-bash#
-
-
-Tre cool.
-
-Michael
-
diff --git a/history/port_to_another_microkernel.mdwn b/history/port_to_another_microkernel.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index a8ec3fe7..00000000
--- a/history/port_to_another_microkernel.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
-2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!meta title="Porting the Hurd to another microkernel"]]
-
-<!-- This page shares some text with faq/which_microkernel.  -->
-
-It is a frequently asked question, [[faq/which_microkernel]] the Hurd should be
-based upon assuming that [[microkernel/Mach]] is no longer considered state of
-the art, and it is well known that there has been a lot of discussion about
-this topic, and also some code produced, but then, years later, the Hurd is
-still based on [[GNU Mach|microkernel/mach/gnumach]].
-
-At first, there was an effort to directly port the Hurd to the
-[[L4_microkernel_family|microkernel/l4]].  Then the story continued...
-
-[[!toc levels=2]]
-
-
-# L4
-
-## Initial Idea
-
-Encountering a number of fundamental design issues with the [[Mach
-microkernel|microkernel/mach]] (mostly regarding [[resource
-management|open_issues/resource_management_problems]]), some of the Hurd
-developers began experimenting with using other microkernels for the Hurd
-around the turn of the millenium.
-
-The idea of using L4 as a [[microkernel]] for a Hurd system was initially
-voiced in the [[community]] by Okuji Yoshinori, who, for discussing this
-purpose, created the [[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list in November 2000.
-
-Over the years, a lot of discussion have been held on this mailing list, which
-today is still the right place for [[next-generation Hurd|hurd/ng]]
-discussions.
-
-
-## Why?
-
-Even though that said resource management issues constitute a broad research
-topic, there was no hope that the original Mach project would work on these:
-[[microkernel/Mach]] wasn't maintained by its original authors anymore.  Mach
-had served its purpose as a research vehicle, and has been retired by its
-stakeholders.
-
-Thus, switching to a well-maintained current [[microkernel]] was expected to
-yield a more solid foundation for a Hurd system than the [[decaying
-Mach|microkernel/mach/history]] design and implementation was able to.
-
-At that time, the [[L4 microkernel family|microkernel/L4]] was one obvious
-choice.  Being a second-generation microkernel, it was deemed to provide for a
-faster system kernel implementation, especially in the time-critical [[IPC]]
-paths.  Also, as L4 was already implemented for a bunch of different
-architectures (x86, Alpha, MIPS; also including SMP support), and the Hurd
-itself being rather archtecture-agnostic, it was expected to be able to easily
-support more platforms than with the existing system.
-
-
-## Steps and Goals
-
-At the same time, the idea was -- while mucking with the system's core anyway
--- to improve on some fundamental design issues, too -- like the resource
-management problems, for example.
-
-One goal of porting the Hurd to L4 was to make the Hurd independent of
-[[microkernel/Mach]] interfaces, to make it somewhat microkernel-agnostic.
-
-One idea was to first introduce a Mach-on-L4 emulation layer, to easily get a
-usable (though slow) Hurd-using-Mach-interfaces-on-L4 system, and then
-gradually move the Hurd servers to use L4 intefaces rather than Mach ones.
-
-A design upon the lean L4 kernel would finally have made it feasible to move
-devices drivers out of the kernel's [[TCB]].
-
-
-# Implementation
-
-The project itself then was mostly lead by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal Walfield.
-Neal started the original Hurd/L4 port while visiting Karlsruhe university in
-2002.  He explains:
-
-> My intention was to adapt the Hurd to exploit L4's concepts and intended
-> [[design_pattern]]s; it was not to simply provide a Mach
-> [[compatibility_layer]] on top of L4.  When I left Karlsruhe, I no longer had
-> access to [[microkernel/l4/Pistachio]] as I was unwilling to sign an NDA.
-> Although the specification was available, the Karlsruhe group only [released
-> their code in May
-> 2003](https://lists.ira.uni-karlsruhe.de/pipermail/l4ka/2003-May/000345.html).
-> Around this time, Marcus began hacking on Pistachio.  He created a relatively
-> complete run-time.  I didn't really become involved again until the second
-> half of 2004, after I complete by Bachelors degree.
-
-Development of Hurd/L4 was done in the [CVS module
-`hurd-l4`](http://savannah.gnu.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs/hurd/hurd-l4/).  The `doc`
-directory contains a design document that is worth reading for anyone who
-wishes to learn more about Hurd/L4.
-
-Even though there was progress -- see, for example, the [[QEMU image for
-L4|hurd/running/qemu/image_for_l4]] -- this port never reached a releasable
-state.  Simple POSIX programs, such as `banner` could run, but for more complex
-system interfaces, a lot more work was needed.
-
-Eventually, a straight-forward port of the original Hurd's design wasn't deemed
-feasible anymore by the developers, partly due to them not cosidering L4
-suitable for implementing a general-purpose operating system on top of it, and
-because of deficiencies in the original Hurd's design, which they discovered
-along their way.  Neal goes on:
-
-> Before Marcus and I considered [[microkernel/Coyotos]], we had already
-> rejected some parts of the Hurd's design.  The
-> [[open_issues/resource_management_problems]] were
-> what prompted me to look at L4.  Also, some of the problems with
-> [[hurd/translator]]s were already well-known to us.  (For a more detailed
-> description of the problems we have identified, see our [[hurd/critique]] in the
-> 2007 July's SIGOPS OSR.  We have also written a forward-looking
-> [[hurd/ng/position_paper]].)
-
-> We visited Jonathan Shapiro at Hopkins in January 2006.  This resulted in a
-> number of discussions, some quite influential, and not always in a way which
-> aligned our position with that of Jonathan's.  This was particularly true of
-> a number of security issues.
-
-A lange number of discussion threads can be found in the archives of the
-[[mailing_lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list.
-
-> Hurd-NG, as we originally called it, was an attempt to articulate the system
-> that we had come to envision in terms of interfaces and description of the
-> system's structure.  The new name was selected, if I recall correctly, as it
-> clearly wasn't the Hurd nor the Hurd based on L4.
-
-
-## Termination
-
-As of 2005, development of Hurd/L4 has stopped.
-
-
-# Coyotos
-
-Following that, an attempt was started to use the kernel of the
-[[microkernel/Coyotos]] system.  As Coyotos is an object-capability system
-througout, the microkernel would obviously be more suitable for this purpose;
-and it looked pretty promising in the beginning.  However, further
-investigations found that there are some very fundamental philosophical
-differences between the Coyotos and Hurd designs; and thus this this attempt
-was also abandonned, around 2006 / 2007.  (This time before producing any
-actual code.)
-
-
-# Viengoos
-
-By now (that is, after 2006), there were some new [[microkernel/L4]] variants
-available, which added protected [[IPC]] paths and other features necessary for
-object-capability systems; so it might be possible to implement the Hurd on top
-of these.  However, by that time the developers concluded that microkernel
-design and system design are interconnected in very intricate ways, and thus
-trying to use a third-party microkernel will always result in trouble.  So Neal
-Walfield created the experimental [[microkernel/Viengoos]] kernel instead --
-based on the experience from the previous experiments with L4 and Coyotos --
-for his [[research on resource
-management|open_issues/resource_management_problems]].  Currently he works in
-another research area though, and thus Viengoos is on hold.
-
-
-# Intermediate Results
-
-Note that while none of the microkernel work is active now, the previous
-experiments already yielded a lot of experience, which will be very useful in
-the further development / improvement of the mainline (Mach-based) Hurd
-implementation.
diff --git a/history/port_to_another_microkernel/discussion.mdwn b/history/port_to_another_microkernel/discussion.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
index f2161195..00000000
--- a/history/port_to_another_microkernel/discussion.mdwn
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2009, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-IRC, #hurd, 2011-01-12.
-
-[[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]
-
-    <Pete-J> Hello i am just curious of the development of Hurd - what's the
-      current mission on the microkernel i see projects like l4 and viengoos,
-      will one of these projects replace Mach? or will you stick with Mach
-    <Pete-J> as i understand is that Mach is a first generation microkernel
-      that's very old in design and causes alot of issues
-    <Pete-J> that's where l4 and viengoos comes in - they are trying to be the
-      next generation Mach - am i correct?
-    <neal> l4 is not a drop in replacement for Mach
-    <neal> it doesn't actually do much resource management
-    <neal> for instance, you still have to implement a memory manager
-    <neal> this is where several issues are with Mach
-    <neal> l4 doesn't address those issues; it punts to the operating system
-    <Pete-J> and what about viengoos?
-    <neal> it's unfinished
-    <neal> and it implemented some untested ideas
-    <neal> i.e., parts of viengoos were research
-    <neal> there has not been a sufficient evaluation of those ideas to
-      determine whether they are a good approach
-    <Pete-J> meaning that viengoos is a research kernel that could aid Mach?
-    <neal> I'm not sure I understand your question
-    <Pete-J> Well is viengoos trying to be a replacement for Mach, or will
-      viengoos be an experiment of new ideas that could be implemented in Mach?
-    <Pete-J> i am sorry for my limited english
-    <neal> viengoos was designed with a Hurd-like user-land in mind
-    <neal> in that sense it was a Mach replacement
-    <neal> (unlike L4)
-    <neal> viengoos consisted of a few experiments
-    <neal> one could implement them in mach
-    <neal> but it would require exposing new interfaces
-    <neal> in which case, I'm not sure you could call the result Mach
-    <Pete-J> Well as i understand you develop two microkernels side by side,
-      wouldnt it be more effective to investigate viengoos more and maybe move
-      the focus to viengoos?
-    <antrik> no
-    <antrik> having something working all the time is crucial
-    <antrik> it's very hard to motivate people to work on a project that might
-      be useful, in a couple of years, perhaps...
-    <Pete-J> Well Mach is meant to be replaced one day - i see no reason to
-      keep on developing it just because it works at this moment
-    <Pete-J> *if Mach is meant to be replaced
-    <antrik> it's not at all clear that it will be replaced by something
-      completely different. I for my part believe that modifying the existing
-      Mach is a more promising approach
-    <Pete-J> as i understand man power is something you need - and by spreading
-      out the developers just makes the progress more slow
-    <antrik> but even if it *were* to be replaced one day, it doesn't change
-      the fact that we need it *now*
-    <antrik> all software will be obsolete one day. doesn't mean it's not worth
-      working on
-    <antrik> the vast majority of work is not on the microkernel anyways, but
-      on the system running on top of it
-    <Pete-J> ahh i see
-    <antrik> manpower is not something that comes from nowhere. again, having
-      something working is crucial in a volunteer project like this
-    <antrik> there are no fixed plans
diff --git a/history/port_to_l4.mdwn b/history/port_to_l4.mdwn
deleted file mode 100644
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@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
-
-[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
-id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
-document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
-Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
-is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
-License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
-
-[[!tag stable_URL]]
-
-[[!meta redir=port_to_another_microkernel]]