[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] [The confused deputy](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/ConfusedDeputy.html) problem was articulated by Norm Hardy. It is a possible consequence when [[designation]] and [[authorization]] are separated. [[Capabilities|capability]] help with this problem.