diff options
| author | Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> | 2019-04-03 23:42:32 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> | 2019-04-03 23:42:32 +0200 |
| commit | 70b8fc57e8e29c4d4a1284c2267651943ac02b4e (patch) | |
| tree | 1b839e207a3f3c516e684420396e388cf8ae1487 | |
| parent | e1a127efc582faabce933d0943eceae797634168 (diff) | |
| parent | 93b266266b6200a64372e02564729bf5f27cfd3e (diff) | |
Merge branch 'master' of braunbox:~hurd-web/hurd-web
39 files changed, 331 insertions, 291 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -8,6 +6,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="GNU General Public License"]] + The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a [Free Software](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) license created by Richard Stallman in 1989 for Free Software creators. The GPL grants users the Four Freedoms: @@ -20,3 +20,8 @@ The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a [Free Software](https://www.gnu.org/ph Since it's debut, the license has become extremely popular & wide-spread. The GPL has gone through 3 revisions, with GPLv3 being the latest. GPLv3 allows any user to access, modify, and redistribute the source code, given that the redistributed version of the software is also released as GPLv3. For example, if you create a pice of software named "FreedomJuice" under the GPLv3, and I download & moify it and name it "xFreedomJuicex", I cannot release xFreedomJuicex under the MIT license, it has to be GPLv3 as well. + +--- +# External Links +* [The GPL's Homepage](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html) +* [[!wikipedia GPL]] on Wikipedia diff --git a/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn b/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51d810e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Hurd/HurdDevelopers.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation +License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +[[!meta title="Hurd Developers"]] + +The Hurd has very few people working on it. This is a list of people who are (or were) large contributors to the project. + +* Samuel Thibault - Maintainer +* Thomas Bushnell - Original maintainer +* Joshua Branson - Developer +* Richard Braun - Owner of darnassus.sceen.net +* Manolis Ragkousis - Hurd support for Guix diff --git a/KeyKOS.mdwn b/KeyKOS.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8aed5e01 --- /dev/null +++ b/KeyKOS.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation +License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +KeyKOS is a microkernel developed for System/370-compliant, single-core computer processors. starting in the 1970's by Tymshare. Besides mounting tapes and tending to the printers, KeyKOS is meant for unattended operation. + +KeyKOS was created as a result of the research project done by the Tymshare group called GNOSIS, an operating system concept. + +It's an interesting concept for an operating system. The kernel can take a two-state system as an input, and turn it into a many-state system. This allows for objects such as files, directories, and address spaces to be moved out of kernelspace and into userspace. + +KeyKOS is secure. Every operating system wants to be "secure", but what is the "standard baseline" for security? KeyKOS has a very clear image of this, as it was developed to try and meet the DOD "Orange book" standard: "*Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria*". After an inspection, KeyKOS was deemed as a "high B", a step or two down from the highest rank: A1. + +The article "KeyKOS - A Secure, High-Performance Environment for S/370" describes that there are some aspects of KeyKOS which are difficult to understand, as they stray from OS convention. It advises the reader, when learning about KeyKOS, to think of the Monty Python quote "And now for something completely different". + +# External Links +* [KeyKOS](https://web.archive.org/web/20110621235952/https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~KeyKOS/KeyKOS.html) on the Wayback Machine. +* [Roots of KeyKOS](http://www.cap-lore.com/CapTheory/KK/EKK.html) - A short but comprehensive history. +* [The DOD Orange Book (PDF)](https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/conference-paper/1998/10/08/proceedings-of-the-21st-nissc-1998/documents/early-cs-papers/dod85.pdf) - The book itself is really expensive to buy, so here's some PDF file of it. +* [The DOD Orange Book - 2014 print (PDF)](https://web.archive.org/web/20140429193839/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/850001_2014.pdf) - The re-issue. @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="ABAC"]] + ABAC stands for authorization-based access control. In this model, access is not granted based on the identity of the caller but by an authorizing agent @@ -15,4 +17,10 @@ that delegates access to a particular resource. Such authorization is then encapsulated in [[capabilities|capability]] allowing them to be freely [[delegated|delegation]]. +Back in 2009, there [has been talk about](https://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2009/HPL-2009-30.html) renaming "ABAC" to "ZBAC - [AuthoriZation Based Access Control](https://objectsecurity.com/blog/2016/08/05/authorization-based-access-control-zbac-model-driven-security/)" - This article says "ZBAC" instead of ABAC to avoid confusion, supposedly with "ABAC - Attribute-Based-Access-Control" + See also [[IBAC]]. + +#External Links +* [[!wikipedia Computer_Access_Control]] on Wikipedia +* [[!wikipedia Access_Control_List]] on Wikipedia diff --git a/advantages.mdwn b/advantages.mdwn index 0cb4abed..97db6d86 100644 --- a/advantages.mdwn +++ b/advantages.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free -Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,24 +8,45 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Advantages"]] + [[!tag stable_URL]] -The GNU Hurd has a number of enticing features: +The GNU Hurd is an incredible kernel, which has a number of enticing features: + +* POSIX compliant +* GPLv3 compliant +* Object-orriented design +* Modularity +* Extensibility +* Educational +* No-reboot Design +* And of course, Translators -It's free software, so anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it under the -terms of the [[GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)|GPL]]. +For more details on these advantages, refer to the sections below: +## POSIX Compliant It's compatible as it provides a familiar programming and user environment. For all intents and purposes, the Hurd provides the same facilities as a modern [[Unix]]-like kernel. The Hurd uses the [[GNU C Library|glibc]], whose development closely tracks [[standards such as ANSI/ISO, BSD, POSIX, Single Unix, SVID, and X/Open|faq/posix_compatibility]]. +What this means, on a higher level, is that any program written for another POSIX-compliant system (such as Linux or newer UNIX systems), +can be built, installed, and run on the Hurd. This means that, unlike, say, Plan 9 or Haiku, there's a huge library of programs already availble for the Hurd (and we mean *natively*, not under an emulator or a compatibility layer)! + +## GPLv3 Compliant +The Hurd is built from the ground up as 100% Free Software, so anybody can use, modify, and redistribute it as they please, under the +terms of the [[GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)|GPL]]! + + +## Object-Orriented Design Unlike other popular kernel software, the Hurd has an object-oriented structure that allows it to evolve without compromising its design. This structure will help the Hurd undergo major redesign and modifications without having to be entirely rewritten. +## Modularity The Hurd is built in a very modular fashion. Other Unix-like kernels (Linux, for example) are also modular in that they allow loading (and unloading) some components as kernel modules, but the Hurd goes one step further in that most @@ -38,6 +58,7 @@ the [[TCP/IP stack|hurd/translator/pfinet]] can bring down the whole kernel, and thus the whole system, which is a real problem in a monolithic Unix kernel architecture. +## Extensibility One advantage of the Hurd's separation of kernel-like functionality into separate components ([[servers|hurd/translator]]) is that these can be constructed using different programming languages -- a feature that is not @@ -57,10 +78,15 @@ See also [[unsorted/hurd-migr]] ([[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]). --> +## Educational The Hurd is an attractive platform for learning how to become a kernel hacker or for implementing new ideas in kernel technology. Every part of the system is designed to be [[easily modified and extended|extensibility]]. +For more learning resources, see the [[/Documentation]] page. + + +## No-Reboot Design It is possible to develop and test new Hurd kernel components without rebooting the machine. Running your own kernel components doesn't interfere with other users, and so no special system privileges are required. The mechanism for diff --git a/capability.mdwn b/capability.mdwn index 32a9b68f..2f094c8e 100644 --- a/capability.mdwn +++ b/capability.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Capability"]] + A capability is a protected reference. It is a reference in that it designates an object; it is protected in that in cannot be forged. A capability both designates the object it refers to and @@ -89,37 +90,22 @@ port|microkernel/mach/port]]. As in UNIX (see above), they are not ## IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2013-07-01 - <nlightnfotis> I have read plenty of documents, and wrapped my head around - most Hurd concepts, but I still have not understood well what - capabilities are. + <nlightnfotis> I have read plenty of documents, and wrapped my head around most Hurd concepts, but I still have not understood well what capabilities are. <youpi> Mmm, which capabilities? - <youpi> AIUI, the Hurd doesn't really have a notion of capabilites, just a - notion of owning a port right - <nlightnfotis> From what I have understood (from the critique) they - reference ports so they objects can be referenced via them + <youpi> AIUI, the Hurd doesn't really have a notion of capabilites, just a notion of owning a port right + <nlightnfotis> From what I have understood (from the critique) they reference ports so they objects can be referenced via them <youpi> (which provides processes a way for doing things) <youpi> ok, so we are talking about the same thing, I guess - <nlightnfotis> ahh, that's cool. I thought there was more to the story that - I couldn't understand + <nlightnfotis> ahh, that's cool. I thought there was more to the story that I couldn't understand # Further Reading +* [[Mach port|microkernel/mach/port]] +* {{$wikipedia_capability-based_security}} +* {{$wikipedia_object-capability_model}} +* {{$wikipedia_polp}} - * [[Mach port|microkernel/mach/port]] - -[[!toggleable id=shapiro_capintro_1999 text="""[[!template id=note -text="*[[shapiro\_capintro\_1999|capability]]*: -{{$capability#shapiro_capintro_1999}}. -{{$capability#shapiro_capintro_1999_text}}."]]"""]] - - * [[!toggle id=shapiro_capintro_1999 text="[shapiro\_capintro\_1999]"]] - - * {{$wikipedia_capability-based_security}} - - * {{$wikipedia_object-capability_model}} - - * {{$wikipedia_polp}} - +<!-- This comment "pushes" polp into the list --> [[!tag open_issue_documentation]] <!-- <http://www.eros-os.org/essays/wherefrom.html>, diff --git a/challenges.mdwn b/challenges.mdwn index b58a50d1..4c8e00f0 100644 --- a/challenges.mdwn +++ b/challenges.mdwn @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Challenges"]] + The GNU Hurd has a lot of [[advantages]], but there are challenges, too. Some of these are explained in the [[hurd/critique]]. diff --git a/community.mdwn b/community.mdwn index f74c01d6..2679ade6 100644 --- a/community.mdwn +++ b/community.mdwn @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, -2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -9,39 +6,30 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -There is an ever expanding community of people developing and running GNU/Hurd -systems! This page tries to list all the places on the Web where we commonly hang out. - -[[Communication]] -- How communication and coordination works within the group. - -Further ways of getting in contact or getting information: - -[[Shared-Wiki-Weblog|Weblogs]] -- A shared weblog by Hurd developers and enthusiasts. - -[[User Pages|/user]] - -[[Meetings]] -- Meetings with Hurd developer attendance. - -[[GSoC]] -- Participation in the Google Summer of Code +[[!meta title="Community"]] -[[Hurd/HurdDevelopers]] -- Who's who? -[Hurd User's Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html). - -[[Orkut]] - -[[FaceBook]] - -[Advogato.org -- Hurd Project page](http://advogato.org/proj/HURD/) - -[Google+](https://plus.google.com/114942488385711891227) - -[reddit](http://www.reddit.com/r/hurd) - -[[Media_Appearances]] +There is an ever expanding community of people developing and running GNU/Hurd +systems! This page tries to list all the places on the Web where we commonly hang out. --- +# Online Communities + +* [[Communication]] -- How communication and coordination works within the group. +* [[Shared-Wiki-Weblog|Weblogs]] -- A shared weblog by Hurd developers and enthusiasts. +* [[User Pages|/user]] +* [[Meetings]] -- Meetings with Hurd developer attendance. +* [[GSoC]] -- Participation in the Google Summer of Code +* [[Hurd/HurdDevelopers]] -- Who's who? +* [Hurd User's Guide](http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/users-guide/using_gnuhurd.html). +* [[Orkut]] +* [[FaceBook]] +* [Advogato.org -- Hurd Project page](http://advogato.org/proj/HURD/) +* [Google+](https://plus.google.com/114942488385711891227) +* [reddit](http://www.reddit.com/r/hurd) +* [[Media_Appearances]] +--- # Hurd User Groups * [[THUG]] - Toronto (GNU/)Hurd User Group diff --git a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn index 86e44901..0eab01c1 100644 --- a/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn +++ b/community/gsoc/project_ideas.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, -2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Project Ideas"]] + We offer a wide range of possible projects to choose from. If you have an idea not listed here, we'd love to hear about it! diff --git a/community/weblogs/antrik/hurd-mission-statement.mdwn b/community/weblogs/antrik/hurd-mission-statement.mdwn index 592e176a..9e91b7e5 100644 --- a/community/weblogs/antrik/hurd-mission-statement.mdwn +++ b/community/weblogs/antrik/hurd-mission-statement.mdwn @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +[[!meta title="Mission Statement"]] + For a while I have been thinking about the lack of a roadmap for the Hurd; but now I realized that we lack something even more fundamental: a simple mission statement -- i.e. saying where we want to go, rather diff --git a/contact_us.mdwn b/contact_us.mdwn index 2f483780..cd3b147e 100644 --- a/contact_us.mdwn +++ b/contact_us.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 -Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +<!-- Hey it's me, MutoShack. Just wanted to say I'm removing all the + [[!meta copyright...]] tags because Ikiwiki generates its own copyright section + from /copyright. This will make the entire site more maintainable. If I'm wrong, hit me up. Cheers.--> [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,18 +10,18 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] - * [[Community]] -- the community around GNU Hurd. +[[!meta title="Contact Us"]] - * [[Trackers]] -- for reporting issues. +If you are having trouble running or programming the Hurd, or want to contact the community for another reason, here are some contact methods you can use. As usual, we recommend searching the mailing list archives and the Web first, just to make sure your question hasn't already been answered. - * [[Mailing_Lists]] -- preferred for general discussions, questions, bug +* [[Community]] -- the community around GNU Hurd. +* [[Trackers]] -- for reporting issues. +* [[Mailing_Lists]] -- preferred for general discussions, questions, bug reports, etc. +* [[IRC]] -- for interactive discussions with a smaller audience. +* Non-public mail contact to the maintainers. - * [[IRC]] -- for interactive discussions with a smaller audience. - - * Non-public mail contact to the maintainers. - - If you have a concern you want to send to the Hurd maintainers without +If you have a concern you want to send to the Hurd maintainers without writing to a public mailing list, then please send email to <hurd-maintainers@gnu.org>. Please don't send general support requests or questions there, but instead use the [[mailing lists]]. diff --git a/contributing.mdwn b/contributing.mdwn index 77d0f9a5..648476da 100644 --- a/contributing.mdwn +++ b/contributing.mdwn @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, -2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -9,6 +6,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Contributing"]] + [[!tag stable_URL]] So, you are interested in contributing to the GNU Hurd project? Welcome! @@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ because a issue that has been tracked down often becomes obvious to address for people who know the stuff -- but these people typically don't have the time that is needed to track down the issues. - +--- <a name="hurd_on_mach"></a> # Improve GNU Hurd Running on GNU Mach @@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ After you have a Hurd vm set up and running: * Start hacking. * For shutting down, use `reboot`, then press `c` in grub and issue halt (to avoid filesystem corruption). Adding `--no-reboot` to the qemu line should help, too. - +--- <a name="hurd_on_modern_microkernel"></a> # Design / Research: GNU Hurd on a Modern Microkernel @@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ read through the [[HurdNG|hurd/ng]] section. Please send email to the [[mailing lists/l4-hurd]] mailing list for discussing this post-Mach system design. - +--- # Documentation @@ -239,7 +238,7 @@ the documentation in the Hurd source, the Debian Hurd port pages. Please read about [[how_to_contribute_to_these_web_pages|web_pages]]. - +--- # Final Words -- Difficulties Please note that doing substantial contributions to a project as big and as diff --git a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn index 49758ff1..903ded7b 100644 --- a/contributing/web_pages.mdwn +++ b/contributing/web_pages.mdwn @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, -2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] [[!toc levels=3]] - +--- # General Information (!) Some general hints first; they may sound very familiar from other software @@ -74,7 +71,7 @@ is so that we have a chance to have the pages make fit for appearance on `www.gnu.org`, but you are nevertheless able to work on all pages unrestrictedly. - +--- # Editing via the Web Interface When you have found a page you want to work on, just follow the *Edit* link at the @@ -82,7 +79,7 @@ top of the page. When doing this for the first time, this will first redirect you to a page where you will have to create an account. After logging in, you can edit pages. - +--- # Working on a Checkout of the Git Repository (!) What is being described here is only the basics. The checkouts are @@ -258,7 +255,7 @@ If you don't have an MTA running, you'll have to find another way: either post the `*.patch` files to <bug-hurd@gnu.org> or upload them somewhere for us to download them from. - +--- # New Year Procedure Files to update: diff --git a/copyright.mdwn b/copyright.mdwn index 8de1c44f..6e35666c 100644 --- a/copyright.mdwn +++ b/copyright.mdwn @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@ Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, -2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 - The Contributing Authors +2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 - [Free Software Foundation, Inc.](https://www.fsf.org) diff --git a/copyright/discussion.mdwn b/copyright/discussion.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..10bd2bc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/copyright/discussion.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation +License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +`MutoShack, March 23, 2019` - Shouldn't this say "Free Software Foundation" instead of "Contributing Authors"? I feel like the latter is like, an Ikiwiki default that was never changed (that and the "edit" page always says "You agree to assign copyright to the FSF", so I kind of feel legally obliged to change it. diff --git a/documentation.mdwn b/documentation.mdwn index cf952f4b..7014887a 100644 --- a/documentation.mdwn +++ b/documentation.mdwn @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -9,59 +6,42 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -You are interested in getting familiar with the GNU/Hurd system architecture, -or specific components of it? Here is a collection of texts to read. +[[!meta title="Documentation"]] -/!\ A lot of stuff is still missing ([[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]). +Are you interested in getting familiar with the GNU/Hurd system architecture, +or specific components of it? Here is a collection of texts to read. -[[!toc levels=3]] +/!\ A lot of stuff is still missing (see the list of [[!taglink Documentation_Issues|open_issue_documentation]]). +[[!toc levels=1]] +--- # Basic Knowledge Before you can go details, you have to learn the basics about operating system -architecture. Yes, really. - +architecture. Yes, really. You needn't go through all of these, but they're all very enjoyable if you wanted to do just that. ## Operating Systems Basics -You can find good free, self-paced online courses about operating systems on <https://www.udacity.com/> . -A free textbook about operating systems is called [Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces](http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/). +* [Udacity](https://www.udacity.com/) - Good, free, self-paced online courses about operating systems. +* [Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces](http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/) - An excellent book on operating systems. +* [[!wikipedia Advanced_Programming_in_the_Unix_Environment]] - May help you grasp UNIX & POSIX standards. +* [Operating Systems](http://www.deitel.com/Books/OperatingSystems/OperatingSystems3e/tabid/1711/Default.aspx) - A well praised book on the subject. +* [Operating System Concepts](https://www.os-book.com/OS9/) - Another well praised book. +* [Modern Operating Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Operating_Systems) - This book has achieved world-wide praise. Of course [the Plan-9 people don't like it](http://harmful.cat-v.org/software/andy_tanenbaum). ## GNU/Hurd System Architecture - +You may want to start reading a [[quick overview|overview]] of how the GNU/Hurd system +starts, and thus how it is structured. Also see our [[FAQ]] ### Capabilities + * Read up on [[Capabilities|capability]], [[!wikipedia Capability_Based_Security]], + and, [What is a Capability, Anyway?](https://archive.is/20130112225523/http://www.eros-os.org/essays/capintro.html) -[[!toggleable id=shapiro_capintro_1999 text="""[[!template id=note -text="*[[shapiro\_capintro\_1999|capability]]*: -{{$capability#shapiro_capintro_1999}}. -{{$capability#shapiro_capintro_1999_text}}."]]"""]] - - * Our use of [[capabilities|capability]]. The - {{$capability#wikipedia_capability-based_security}} article. - Alternatively/additionally, [[!toggle id=shapiro_capintro_1999 - text="[shapiro\_capintro\_1999]"]]. - - In the GNU/Hurd system, a [[capability]] is represented by a [[Mach + In the GNU/Hurd system, a capability is represented by a [[Mach port|microkernel/mach/port]]. - * {{$capability#wikipedia_object-capability_model}}. Albeit not directly - tailored at the GNU/Hurd operating system architecture, this article anyway - does a good job at describing general principles of a [[capability]]-based - system architecture. - - -# Quick overview - -You may want to start reading a [[quick overview|overview]] of how the GNU/Hurd system -starts, and thus how it is structured. - -# FAQ - -[[FAQ]] - - +--- # Specific Components The GNU/Hurd system is composed of the Hurd servers running on top of the @@ -74,14 +54,11 @@ Depending on your background, you may want to start reading the documentation from userlandish interfaces (Hurd) or from the micro kernel itself (Mach). * [[GNU_Hurd|hurd/documentation]] - * [[Mach|microkernel/mach/documentation]] - * [[MIG|microkernel/mach/mig/documentation]] - * [[UNIX]] - +--- # Presentations ## 2019 @@ -138,13 +115,15 @@ from userlandish interfaces (Hurd) or from the micro kernel itself (Mach). <http://debian.fmi.uni-sofia.bg/~ogi/hurd/liofest-20040702-hurd.ppt>, in Bulgarian. +--- # General * [[Media_Appearances]] +--- # IRC Logs The IRC logs contain wealth of information. Many topics have been covered before in the IRC logs. You can use wget to download all of the logs and grep for the information that you want. -`wget --mirror --no-parent -A "hurd-*" -e robots=off http://richtlijn.be/~larstiq/hurd/` + `wget --mirror --no-parent -A "hurd-*" -e robots=off http://richtlijn.be/~larstiq/hurd/` diff --git a/donate.mdwn b/donate.mdwn index 9291eafc..1c16bef5 100644 --- a/donate.mdwn +++ b/donate.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2016 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Donate to the Hurd"]] + If you feel like donating goods or money for the work the developers are doing, then we're happy to confirm that this is indeed possible. Of course we'd really like to have you working with us on the system and become a @@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ either. [[!toc levels=2]] - +--- # Free Software Foundation The Free Software Foundation is the GNU project's principal organizational @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ sponsor. [Donations to the FSF](http://donate.fsf.org/) are tax deducible. However, they can't accept donations addressed directly to/specifically for the GNU Hurd project. - +--- <a name="FOSS_Factory"></a> # FOSS Factory -- a Bounty System for GNU Hurd Work @@ -90,14 +91,14 @@ Please don't hesitate to ask [[Thomas Schwinge|tschwinge]] if you need help. Continue to explore the [[list of open bounties|tag/bounty]]. - +--- # Hurd Developer Meetings Another possibility is to meet with the Hurd developers at a [[meeting|community/meetings]] and buy them a pizza or beer or both or similar. - +--- # Individual Developers Sorted alphabetically. diff --git a/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn b/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn index 0b217f03..63756db7 100644 --- a/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn +++ b/faq/how_many_developers.mdwn @@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ development. For one, this is a good thing: independency; no conflicts of interests. For another, it is also a bad thing: no dedicated full-time workforce -- which matters a lot. -This also answers the question why [[the Hurd still does not do [...] after so -many years of development|so_many_years]]. +This also answers the question "[[How_come_the Hurd still can't do_(...)_after so +many years of development?|so_many_years]]" # Why So Few? diff --git a/getting_help.mdwn b/getting_help.mdwn index 034a3c6b..2dc3b12d 100644 --- a/getting_help.mdwn +++ b/getting_help.mdwn @@ -9,18 +9,15 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Getting Help"]] -# Essential Documentation +# Essential Documentation * [[Frequently Asked Questions|faq]] - * [[faq/Multiserver_Microkernel]] - * GNU Mach's [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/Hardware_Compatibility_List]] - * [[Documentation]] - # Forums [[!inline pages=faq/asking_questions raw=yes feeds=no]] @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, -2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[[!meta title="Hurd"]] [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this diff --git a/hurd/documentation.mdwn b/hurd/documentation.mdwn index a85f4d4f..330ea13b 100644 --- a/hurd/documentation.mdwn +++ b/hurd/documentation.mdwn @@ -9,19 +9,18 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -# Introductory Material +[[!meta title="Hurd Documentation"]] +# Introductory Material * [[What_Is_the_GNU_Hurd]] - - * [[Advantages]] - - * [[FAQ]] - + * [[Advantages of the Hurd|Advantages]] + * [[The Hurd FAQ|FAQ]] * [[*The_Hurd_and_Linux*|/hurd-and-linux]], a comment by Richard Stallman. +<!-- This comment "pushes" RMS's comment back into the list. Markdown is just great. --> + * [[*Towards_a_New_Strategy_of_OS_Design*|/hurd-paper]], an architectural overview by Thomas Bushnell, BSG, notably: - * [[The design|/hurd-paper#design]] * [[Translators|/hurd-paper#translator]] * [[The auth translator|/hurd-paper#auth]] @@ -29,8 +28,9 @@ is included in the section entitled * [[The exec translator|/hurd-paper#exec]] * [[The ftpfs translator|/hurd-paper#ftpfs]] - * [[*The_Hurd*|/hurd-talk]], a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann, notably: +<!-- Push! --> + * [[*The_Hurd*|/hurd-talk]], a presentation by Marcus Brinkmann, notably: * [[How to get a port?|/hurd-talk#how]] * [[Pathname resolution example|/hurd-talk#pat]] * [[Mapping the POSIX Interface|/hurd-talk#map]] @@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ is included in the section entitled * [[Password Server|/hurd-talk#pas]] * [[Process Server|/hurd-talk#pro]] - * The *[[translator_primer]]*. - - * A document about *[[translators]]* by Marcus Brinkmann. +<!-- Force push! --> + * [[*The Translator Primer*|Translator_Primer]]. + * [[*A Document About Translators*|translators]] by Marcus Brinkmann. * [[*A_Critique_of_the_GNU_Hurd_Multi-server_Operating_System*|critique]], an analysis of the GNU Hurd on GNU Mach system, written by Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann. @@ -60,33 +60,25 @@ is included in the section entitled # Development * [[RPC]]: our usage of *Remote Procedure Call*s. - * *[[The_GNU_Hurd_Reference_Manual|reference_manual]]*. - - * The *[[Hurd_Hacking_Guide]]*, an introduction to GNU Hurd and Mach + * [[*The Hurd Hacking Guide|Hurd_Hacking_Guide]]*, an introduction to GNU Hurd and Mach programming by Wolfgang Jährling. - * [*Manually Bootstrapping a Translator*](http://walfield.org/pub/people/neal/papers/hurd-misc/manual-bootstrap.txt), a text by Neal Walfield about how to *manually connect the translator to the filesystem*. - * [[*The_Authentication_Server*|auth]], the transcript of a talk about the details of the authentication mechanisms in the Hurd by Wolfgang Jährling. - * [*The Mach Paging Interface as Used by the Hurd*](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/l4-hurd/2002-06/msg00001.html), a text by Neal Walfield. - * In the [[Position_paper_*Improving_Usability_via_Access_Decomposition_and_Policy*|ng/position_paper]] Neal Walfield and Marcus Brinkmann give an overview about how a future, subsequent system may be architected. - * [*Generalizing mobility for the Hurd*](http://users.student.lth.se/cs07fh9/2009-hammar-hurd-mobility.pdf), a thesis written by Carl Fredrik Hammar, investigates the mobility aspect of stores and how it can be generalized and used for other applications. The background chapter may be of interest to new developers. - - * [[Ada4Hurd]]: some tools to write translators with Ada
\ No newline at end of file + * [[Ada4Hurd]]: some tools to write translators with Ada diff --git a/hurd/documentation/translator_primer.mdwn b/hurd/documentation/translator_primer.mdwn index 35eab2fb..92a1d5f9 100644 --- a/hurd/documentation/translator_primer.mdwn +++ b/hurd/documentation/translator_primer.mdwn @@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Translator Primer"]] + # Small Examples on Using Translators -The [[concept|concepts]] of user-space servers, [[translator]]s, is a very +The [[concept|concepts]] of user-space servers, [[Translators|translator]], is a very powerful one. Here is an introductionary text. diff --git a/hurd/ng.mdwn b/hurd/ng.mdwn index d9287c3d..b5270eac 100644 --- a/hurd/ng.mdwn +++ b/hurd/ng.mdwn @@ -1,11 +1,13 @@ -Hurd-ng is an effort to build a new operating system that preserves +[[!meta title="Hurd NG"]] + +Hurd-ng is an effort to build a new, "Next Generation" operating system that preserves the main design goals of the Hurd while fixing some of the Hurd's shortcomings. There is not yet an official roadmap or a concrete specification; indeed, much of the work is research oriented. These pages try to summarize the major discussions and ideas. - +--- # Why ngHurd This section explains the motivations behind the new design: @@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ This section explains the motivations behind the new design: * History of the [[history/port_to_another_microkernel]] - +--- # Work already done A [[critique]] of the original Hurd is available. @@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ A [[position_paper]] by Marcus Brinkmann and Neal H. Walfield can be found. A draft specification of the Hurd-NG interfaces has been, but is no longer, available. - +--- # Subjects ## Design processus diff --git a/hurd/running.mdwn b/hurd/running.mdwn index 7653b387..c60efb5a 100644 --- a/hurd/running.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -11,18 +10,21 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] [[!tag stable_URL]] +[[!meta title="Running the Hurd"]] + There are several different ways to run a GNU/Hurd system: -* [[Distrib]] - Distributions based on the Hurd +* [[Distributions|Distrib]] - Distros based on the Hurd * [[microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/Xen]] - In Xen -* [[Live_CD]] +* [[Live_CD]] - As a live CD without installing (can also be run in QEMU) * [[QEMU]] - In QEMU -* [[cloud]] - In the "cloud": OpenStack -* [[chroots|chroot]] need a couple of tricks to work properly. +* [[Cloud]] - In the "cloud": OpenStack +* [[Chroots|chroot]] need a couple of tricks to work properly. * [[VirtualBox]] - In VirtualBox -* [[https://github.com/bbesim/vagrant_GNU-debian-hurd_basebox]] - On Vagrant +* [Vagrant Basebox](https://github.com/bbesim/vagrant_GNU-debian-hurd_basebox) - On Vagrant * [[vmware]] (**non-free!**) -* [[FAQ]] +<!-- This comment pushes the last li element "vmware" into the list. I don't know why, but it works. --> +* [[FAQ]] * [[Public_hurd_boxen]] diff --git a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn index 0e6075bb..55091ec4 100644 --- a/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running/arch_hurd.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -12,10 +10,11 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] Arch Hurd is a port of Arch Linux to the GNU Hurd, founded on 2010-01-04 by Michael Walker (Barrucadu) and, with input from a variety of people including Allan McRae (allan), Matthias Lanzinger (melpo), and Alexander Preisinger (giselher), the project has made excellent process. There is a livecd available on the Arch Hurd website, with which you can try or install Arch Hurd. -### Links +# External Links -* Official Website: <http://www.archhurd.org> -* Installation Guide: <http://wiki.archhurd.org/wiki/Installation_Guide> -* Mailing Lists: <http://lists.archhurd.org> -* Forum: <http://bbs.archhurd.org> -* IRC: #archhurd on irc.freenode.net +* [Official Website](http://www.archhurd.org) +* [[!wikipedia Arch_Hurd]] on Wikipedia. +* [Installation Guide](http://wiki.archhurd.org/wiki/Installation_Guide) +* [Mailing Lists](http://lists.archhurd.org) +* [Forum](http://bbs.archhurd.org) +* IRC: #archhurd on [irc.freenode.net](https://freenode.net) diff --git a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn index b758fd52..0772c48e 100644 --- a/hurd/running/debian.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running/debian.mdwn @@ -7,20 +7,23 @@ Debian GNU/Hurd is an effort to port the Debian distribution to the Hurd. Around One noteable difference in this port, is that `/etc/mtab` -> `/proc/mounts` -## QEMU Image +--- +# QEMU Image [[!inline pages=hurd/running/debian/qemu_image raw=yes feeds=no]] +--- # Installing - [Installation Instructions](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/hurd-install) - [Upgrading K11 or K14 based systems to unstable](http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2007/09/msg00007.html) - [[After_install]] — Do this to get networking, new console and X +--- # Contributing - [[Porting]] — Helping with porting packages * [[Patch_submission]] — How to submit patches for build failures - [[Creating_image_tarball]] -## IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-12 +### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-12 <braunr> hm, there is something weird <braunr> after successfully installing (with the new installer cd), and rebooting, system init fails because fsck can't be run on /home (a separate partition) @@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ One noteable difference in this port, is that `/etc/mtab` -> `/proc/mounts` <braunr> hm, /etc/mtab isn't a link to /proc/mounts here, might explain -## IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-12 +### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-12 <braunr> yes, better with a proper symlink :) <teythoon> good @@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ One noteable difference in this port, is that `/etc/mtab` -> `/proc/mounts` <azeem> maybe pere or rleigh in #debian-hurd can help -## IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-13 +### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-13 <braunr> 6<--60(pid1698)->dir_lookup ("var/run/mtab" 4194305 0) = 0 3 "/run/mtab" (null) <braunr> looks like /etc/mtab isn't actually used anymore @@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ One noteable difference in this port, is that `/etc/mtab` -> `/proc/mounts` <braunr> they can't find the info they're looking for -## IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-17 +### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-17 <braunr> i still don't have mtab at the proper location on darnassus <pere> is there something missing with sysvinit on hurd? @@ -78,8 +81,10 @@ One noteable difference in this port, is that `/etc/mtab` -> `/proc/mounts` <braunr> but doesn't that mean it will use /etc/mtab ? <pere> if I was a hurd porter, I would fix it in hurd while waiting for a fix in coreutils, just to save people for wondering about the breakage, but I am not the most patient of developers. :) +--- # Externel * Official page about the Debian GNU/Hurd port: [Debian GNU/Hurd](http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/) * Debian [[FAQ]] — Frequently Asked Questions * [Presentation](http://people.debian.org/~mbanck/talks/hurd_lt2004/html/) -Debian GNU/Hurd*, [[MichaelBanck]], LinuxTag 2004 Karlsruhe * [Archive Qualification](http://wiki.debian.org/ArchiveQualification/hurd-i386) +* [[!wikipedia Debian_GNU/Hurd]] on Wikipedia diff --git a/hurd/running/debian/qemu_image.mdwn b/hurd/running/debian/qemu_image.mdwn index fe1b7444..6ae16d8b 100644 --- a/hurd/running/debian/qemu_image.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running/debian/qemu_image.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016 Free Software Foundation, -Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,34 +8,24 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Debian's QEMU Image" + There is a QEMU image with [[Debian GNU/Hurd|debian]] pre-installed available -as <https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/latest/hurd-i386/debian-hurd.img.tar.gz>. +at <https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/latest/hurd-i386/debian-hurd.img.tar.gz>. Usage: * Install qemu-kvm via your distribution's package manager (it might just be named qemu) +* Download the image, unpack it, and run it: -* Download the debian image: - -<!-- Codeblocks nested in lists are garbage in Markdown. The only clean way to do this is by adding a comment after every list entry. Sorry about this!--> +<!-- Code snippits embedded in lists are garbage. Do not remove this comment. --> $ wget https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/ports/latest/hurd-i386/debian-hurd.img.tar.gz - -* Unpack it: - -<!-- Yes, another comment. I can leave these empty but then again I can fill them. --> - $ tar -xz < debian-hurd.img.tar.gz - -* Run it: - -<!-- A world in which nobody washes their dishes is a dishtopia --> - - $ kvm -m 1G -drive cache=writeback,file=$(echo debian-hurd-*.img) -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:2222-:22 + $ kvm -m 1G -drive cache=writeback,file=$(echo debian-hurd-*.img) -no-reboot -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:2222-:22 * Login as root (the root password is empty) - -* Set up a root password with passwd +* Set up a root password with `passwd` Optionally you may use `--curses` to keep your keyboard layout. If need be modprobe kvm_amd, kvm intel and kvm to get kvm support (which is much, much faster). diff --git a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn index f6aada87..964e7e8e 100644 --- a/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running/gnu.mdwn @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +[[!meta title="The GNU System"]] + # <a name="The_GNU_Operating_System"> </a> The GNU Operating System The GNU Operating System, Commonly referred to as simply "The GNU System", is a @@ -22,10 +24,12 @@ provide a flexible operating system. However, [[gnu.org|https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html]] maintains a list of freedom respecting and production ready GNU/Linux systems. One of the -most promising of these is [[guixSD|https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/]], which +most promising of these is [[GuixSD|https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/]], which is the GNU Guix System Distribution, which eventually plans to support the GNU Hurd as the kernel! ## Resources - * [[mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss]] mailing list +* [[mailing_lists/gnu-system-discuss]] mailing list +* [Free as in Freedom 2.0 (PDF)](https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/faif-2.0.pdf) +* [Free Software, Free Society (PDF)](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fsfs/rms-essays.pdf) diff --git a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn index 7c5f0a8e..4ff5a791 100644 --- a/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running/live_cd.mdwn @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +[[!meta title="Arch Hurd Live CD"]] + [[Arch Hurd|hurd/running/arch_hurd/]] offers Hurd LiveCDs at <http://www.archhurd.org/download/>. A less recent Live CD can be found at <http://teythoon.cryptobitch.de/hurd/livecd/hurd-live-install-1273300101.iso.xz>. diff --git a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn index 48ab872a..b9afdde4 100644 --- a/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn +++ b/hurd/running/qemu.mdwn @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, -2013, 2014, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -9,6 +6,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="QEMU Image"]] + This page discusses things for [[Unix]] systems, there is a separate page for [[Microsoft_Windows]] systems. @@ -16,15 +15,20 @@ See the discussion about [[hurd/running/qemu/writeback_caching]]. [[!toc]] +--- # Readily Available Images -You can use the following images to give the GNU/Hurd a try. +You can use the following images to give the Hurd a try. ## Debian GNU/Hurd [[!inline pages=hurd/running/debian/qemu_image raw=yes feeds=no]] -## [[Nix]] +## Arch Hurd Live CD + +[[!inline pages=hurd/running/live_cd raw=yes feeds=no]] + +## [[NixOS and GuixSD|Nix]] ## Unofficial Images @@ -38,18 +42,17 @@ volunteers and may not have been tested extensively. with it, please have a look at [[its_wikipage|hurd/running/qemu/babhurd_image]]. And when you use it, please [tell me your experience with it](http://draketo.de/contact)! - [[community/weblogs/ArneBab]] -# Arch Hurd Live CD -Also you can use QEMU to easily try one of the -[[Hurd_LiveCDs|hurd/running/live_cd/]]. +--- # What is Needed to create a QEMU image ## Debian Installer Instructions for creating a qemu image from the install CDs from debian installer can be found in the README alongside the d-i Hurd images: <http://people.debian.org/~sthibault/hurd-i386/installer/cdimage/> +--- # KVM acceleration Check if your CPU supports kvm: @@ -97,6 +100,7 @@ More info on kvm at: http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ If your machine supports hardware acceleration, you should really use the kvm variant of qemu, as it speeds things quite a lot. +--- # HAP/EPT/NPT acceleration Performance will be yet better if HAP (EPT or NPT) is available: @@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ Performance will be yet better if HAP (EPT or NPT) is available: $ grep ept /proc/cpuinfo $ grep npt /proc/cpuinfo +--- # Installing Debian/Hurd with QEMU using the Debian installer Note: If you have hardware support, replace the qemu commands below with kvm, e.g. qemu-ing -> kvm-img. @@ -195,7 +200,7 @@ During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys: 3 Serial port <Ctrl><Alt> Toggle mouse and keyboard grab. - +--- # Transferring Files ## Mounting Disk Image on Host @@ -230,7 +235,7 @@ loop-mounting the file systems images. (Also you don't need `root' rights.) However, note that there is a bug in [[translator/fatfs]]: [[!GNU_Savannah_bug 25961]]. - +--- # Networking in QEMU Some further notes about [[networking]] and home hints about @@ -261,14 +266,11 @@ but note that `ping` doesn't work with QEMU's user-networking stack. If you want to connect from the host system to the Hurd system running in QEMU, you can use port forwarding in QEMU or to setup something more advanced, like bridged networking. -### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-12 +#### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2014-02-12 - <braunr> youpi: also, the problems i had with regard to accessing the - debian repository were caused by a qemu bug where, in nat mode, qemu is - unable to handle dns requests if the host dns servers are ipv6 ones + <braunr> youpi: also, the problems i had with regard to accessing the debian repository were caused by a qemu bug where, in nat mode, qemu is unable to handle dns requests if the host dns servers are ipv6 ones <youpi> yes, we've noticed that with a student of mine - <youpi> you may be interested by a patch we submitted to qemu-devel, that - adds ipv6 support to -net user :) + <youpi> you may be interested by a patch we submitted to qemu-devel, that adds ipv6 support to -net user :) <braunr> :) <braunr> for now i directly change resolv.conf <youpi> braunr: the issue is that you have only ipv6 nameservers, right? @@ -352,7 +354,8 @@ Once you have logged in as `root` run the `pfinet` translator with values that a That should do it! Do not forget to edit/update `/etc/resolv.conf` to get DNS working. -# <a name="multiboot">Multiboot</a> +--- +# Multiboot See "Linux/Multiboot boot specific" section on QEMU manpage. @@ -381,6 +384,7 @@ You can also use `--append [...]`, which will show up in `/proc/cmdline`. Command line above crashes with old qemu versions, for instance qemu 1.1.2 on Debian Wheezy, fixed by upgrading to wheezy-backports currently qemu 1.7.0, see [[!debbug 741873]] +--- # Related Links These are links that users may find helpful. @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, -2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -29,11 +26,13 @@ computing environment as possible. </div> </div> +Download latest stable release [here](https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hurd/hurd-0.9.tar.gz) or [browse the Git repository](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/hurd). + --- [[!toc levels=2]] - +--- # News [[!inline @@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ Older news entries can be found in the [[news archive|news]]. For Hurd developers' musings have a look at the [[shared weblog|community/weblogs]]. The [[recent changes]] page lists the latest changes of this website. - +--- # Contributing So, you are interested in contributing to the GNU Hurd project? Welcome! @@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ See our [[source_repositories]] for the source code. We provide accounts on our [[public_Hurd_boxen]], and there are also several GNU/Hurd [[Distributions|hurd/running/distrib]] that allow for [[hurd/running/QEMU]] emulation. - +--- # Getting Help There are a couple of different [[FAQ lists|FAQ]]. @@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ answer your own question using a search engine and reading the introductory information. If you have done this and you cannot find the answer to your question, feel free to ask on a mailing list or on IRC. - +--- <a name="run"> </a> # Running the Hurd @@ -88,19 +87,20 @@ Find more information about it at the Along with it there are [[various_ways|hurd/running]] to run a GNU/Hurd system. Three of them are -* installing a [[GNU/Hurd_distribution|hurd/running/distrib]], -* running it [[in_Xen|microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen]] and -* starting a [[Hurd_qemu_image|hurd/running/qemu]] or [[Hurd_LiveCD|hurd/running/live_cd/]]. +* Installing a [[GNU/Hurd_distribution|hurd/running/distrib]], +* Running it [[in_Xen|microkernel/mach/gnumach/ports/xen]] and +* Starting a Hurd [[QEMU_image|hurd/running/qemu]] or [[LiveCD|hurd/running/live_cd/]]. And these web pages are a living proof of the usability of the Hurd, as they are rendered on a [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] system. - +--- # Current Status -The latest releases are [[GNU Hurd 0.9, GNU Mach 1.8, GNU MIG -1.8|news/2016-12-18-releases]], 2016-12-18. The Hurd is -developed by [[a few volunteers in their spare time|faq/how_many_developers]]. +The latest releases are **GNU Hurd 0.9**, **GNU Mach 1.8**, **GNU MIG +1.8** [[(Release Notes)|news/2016-12-18-releases]], 2016-12-18. + +The Hurd is developed by [[a few volunteers in their spare time|faq/how_many_developers]]. The project welcomes any assistance [[you can provide|contributing]]. Porting and development expertise is still badly needed in many key areas. @@ -108,8 +108,7 @@ Functional systems are installable in a dual-boot configuration. Development systems are currently mostly based on the [[Debian_GNU/Hurd|hurd/running/debian]] port sponsored by the [Debian project](http://www.debian.org/). -Community resources for related projects focus around these pages, -<http://hurd.gnu.org/>, the [[mailing lists]] and the [[IRC_channels|IRC]]. +Aside from this Wiki, community resources for related projects focus around *[gnu.org](https://hurd.gnu.org)*, the *[[mailing lists]]*, and the *[[IRC_channels|IRC]]*. If you want to see the current discussions in the Hurd project, please have a look at the [bug-hurd mailinglist archives](http://lists.gnu.org/pipermail/bug-hurd/). diff --git a/index/discussion.mdwn b/index/discussion.mdwn index 1c1cdcd8..404e47ab 100644 --- a/index/discussion.mdwn +++ b/index/discussion.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -15,3 +13,5 @@ Interestingly, this feature is seldom used on the Hurd wiki. For information abo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Talk_pages `MutoShack, March 22, 2019` - I'll go first. How come the footer bar on the homepage isn't updated for 2019? I modified the copyright section, but this page still says "2016 FSF"! Editing the page and viewing the ?updated version does not work, but it displays 2019 just fine on other wiki pages! + +`MutoShack, March 23, 2019` - Okay, it's because the copyright is manually inserted into this page. If it is deleted, then Ikiwiki will automaticall default to /copyright. I think that makes the most sense. If we need to change /copyright from "Contributing Authors" to "Free Software Foundation", it is easy enough to do so, which will result in a site-wide change. I'm going to remove the manually inserted \[\[!meta copyright\]\] Markdown tags on pages so this scalability is possible. There is no need for the manual tag. diff --git a/microkernel.mdwn b/microkernel.mdwn index 31044186..2369f1de 100644 --- a/microkernel.mdwn +++ b/microkernel.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 Free Software -Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Microkernel"]] + A *microkernel* is one kind of a [[kernel]] implementation. [[Liedtke]] explains in [On Microkernel Construction](http://l4ka.org/publications/paper.php?docid=642) @@ -35,25 +36,19 @@ An [introduction](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/ulfar/ukernel/ukernel.ht A 2002 article about [[microkernel_FUD|FUD]] (Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt). - -# Implementations - +--- +# Microkernel Implementations * [[Hydra]] - * [[KeyKOS]] - * [[Mach]] -- used by the GNU/Hurd - * [[EROS]] - * [[CapROS]] - * [[Coyotos]] - * [[L4]] - * [[Barrelfish]] - * [[Viengoos]] - * [[Genode]] + +--- +# External Links +* [[!wikipedia Microkernel]] on Wikipedia diff --git a/microkernel/mach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach.mdwn index 02627766..e9127a37 100644 --- a/microkernel/mach.mdwn +++ b/microkernel/mach.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012 Free Software Foundation, -Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,17 +8,15 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -Mach is a so-called first generation [[microkernel]]. It is the +[[!meta title="Mach"]] + +Mach is a so-called first generation [[microkernel]]. Originally developed by Carnegie Mellon University (MCU) from 1985 to 1994, which was then forked and carried from 1996 onward by GNU. It is the microkernel currently used by the [[Hurd]]. * [[Concepts]] - * [[Deficiencies]] - * [[Documentation]] - * [[History]] - * [Torvalds, Tanenbaum Debate](http://www.dina.dk/~abraham/Linus_vs_Tanenbaum.html) @@ -27,11 +24,9 @@ microkernel currently used by the [[Hurd]]. # Implementations * [[GNU_Mach|gnumach]] - * [Apple's Darwin](http://developer.apple.com/darwin/) ([API](http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/KernelProgramming/index.html)) (**non-free**) - * [[open_issues/OSF_Mach]] diff --git a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn index 821753d3..a4e455e4 100644 --- a/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn +++ b/microkernel/mach/documentation.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, -2010, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Mach Documentation"]] + * Mach's [[concepts]]. * [*Meet Mach* by James @@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] - [A Programmers' Guide to Mach System Call](http://shakthimaan.com/downloads/hurd/A.Programmers.Guide.to.the.Mach.System.Calls.pdf) -# IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2013-09-15 +### IRC, freenode, #hurd, 2013-09-15 <teythoon> braunr: btw, are there multiple kernel threads in gnumach? <teythoon> and is it safe to do a synchronous rpc call to a userspace server? diff --git a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn index 08331b04..9626161b 100644 --- a/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn +++ b/microkernel/mach/gnumach.mdwn @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016 -Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # (meta copyright="Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.") [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="GNU Mach"]] + GNU Mach is the microkernel upon which a GNU Hurd system is based. It provides an Inter Process Communication (IPC) mechanism that the Hurd uses to define interfaces for implementing in a distributed multi-server fashion the services @@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ GNU Mach runs on x86 machines. See the The latest release is [[GNU Mach 1.8|news/2016-12-18-releases]]. - +--- # Advantages of GNU Mach GNU Mach is not the most advanced [[microkernel]] known to the planet, nor is @@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ features which make it useful as the base of the [[Hurd]] system. Mach is the base of a functional multi-server operating system, the [[Hurd]]. - +--- # Booting To actually use the kernel and boot the GNU operating system, you need a boot @@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ that supports the multiboot standard. The bootloader of the GNU system is [[GNU_GRUB|grub]], which supports a broad range of operating systems including GNU/Hurd. - +--- # Development * [[Reference_Manual]] diff --git a/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/discussion.mdwn b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/discussion.mdwn new file mode 100644 index 00000000..720cf92c --- /dev/null +++ b/microkernel/mach/mig/gnu_mig/discussion.mdwn @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable +id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this +document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant +Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation +License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] + +`MutoShack, March 23, 2019` - Is GNU MIG obsolete as of glibc 2.28? "Building and running on GNU/Hurd systems now works without out-of-tree patches". I don't currently have a build environment on this machine so I cannot check. diff --git a/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn b/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn index 4cd9b46e..f904ae17 100644 --- a/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn +++ b/public_hurd_boxen.mdwn @@ -1,6 +1,3 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, -2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] - [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or @@ -9,6 +6,8 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] +[[!meta title="Public Hurd Boxen"]] + [[!tag stable_URL]] There are GNU/Hurd boxes that we're offering shell accounts on. These are diff --git a/tag/open_issue_documentation.mdwn b/tag/open_issue_documentation.mdwn index f0d1cb4c..16ba0f03 100644 --- a/tag/open_issue_documentation.mdwn +++ b/tag/open_issue_documentation.mdwn @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]] +[//]: # ([[meta copyright="Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]) [[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation License|/fdl]]."]]"""]] -[[!meta title="open_issue_documentation"]] +[[!meta title="Open_Issue_Documentation"]] {{$tag#open_issue_documentation}} |